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Mouithys-Mickalad A, Etsè KS, Franck T, Ceusters J, Niesten A, Graide H, Deby-Dupont G, Sandersen C, Serteyn D. Free Radical Inhibition Using a Water-Soluble Curcumin Complex, NDS27: Mechanism Study Using EPR, Chemiluminescence, and Docking. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:80. [PMID: 38247504 PMCID: PMC10812671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of natural compounds to tackle inflammatory diseases and cancers. However, most of them face the bioavailability and solubility challenges to reaching cellular compartments and exert their potential biological effects. Polyphenols belong to that class of molecules, and numerous efforts have been made to improve and overcome these problems. Curcumin is widely studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as its use as an anticancer agent. However, its poor solubility and bioavailability are often a source of concern with disappointing or unexpected results in cellular models or in vivo, which limits the clinical use of curcumin as such. Beside nanoparticles and liposomes, cyclodextrins are one of the best candidates to improve the solubility of these molecules. We have used lysine and cyclodextrin to form a water-soluble curcumin complex, named NDS27, in which potential anti-inflammatory effects were demonstrated in cellular and in vivo models. Herein, we investigated for the first time its direct free radicals scavenging activity on DPPH/ABTS assays as well as on hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and peroxyl radical species. The ability of NDS27 to quench singlet oxygen, produced by rose bengal photosensitization, was studied, as was the inhibiting effect on the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of the co-substrate, luminol analog (L012), using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) system. Finally, docking was performed to study the behavior of NDS27 in the active site of the peroxidase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre for Oxygen R&D (CORD)-CIRM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (T.F.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (G.D.-D.); (D.S.)
| | - Koffi Senam Etsè
- Laboratory of Medicinal Analytic (CIRM), University of Liège, Hospital Quarter, 15 Hospital Avenue, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre for Oxygen R&D (CORD)-CIRM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (T.F.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (G.D.-D.); (D.S.)
- Veterinary Clinic, Large Animal Surgery, B32, Boulevard du Rectorat, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Justine Ceusters
- Centre for Oxygen R&D (CORD)-CIRM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (T.F.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (G.D.-D.); (D.S.)
| | - Ariane Niesten
- Centre for Oxygen R&D (CORD)-CIRM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (T.F.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (G.D.-D.); (D.S.)
| | - Hélène Graide
- Centre for Oxygen R&D (CORD)-CIRM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (T.F.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (G.D.-D.); (D.S.)
| | - Ginette Deby-Dupont
- Centre for Oxygen R&D (CORD)-CIRM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (T.F.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (G.D.-D.); (D.S.)
| | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Veterinary Clinic, Large Animal Surgery, B32, Boulevard du Rectorat, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Centre for Oxygen R&D (CORD)-CIRM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie, 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (T.F.); (J.C.); (A.N.); (G.D.-D.); (D.S.)
- Veterinary Clinic, Large Animal Surgery, B32, Boulevard du Rectorat, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
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Szentmihályi K, Móricz K, Gigler G, May Z, Bódis E, Tóth J, Bakonyi M, Klébert S, Feczkó T, Károly Z. Ointment containing spray freeze-dried metronidazole effective against rosacea. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Alarjah M. In Vitro Kinetic Hydrolysis Study of Metronidazole Derivatives with Carvacrol and Eugenol Using Validated RP-HPLC Method. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200529123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Prodrugs principle is widely used to improve the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of
some active drugs. Much effort was made to develop metronidazole prodrugs to enhance antibacterial activity and
or to improve pharmacokinetic properties of the molecule or to lower the adverse effects of metronidazole.
Objective:
In this work, the pharmacokinetic properties of some of monoterpenes and eugenol pro metronidazole
molecules that were developed earlier were evaluated in-vitro. The kinetic hydrolysis rate constants and half-life
time estimation of the new metronidazole derivatives were calculated using the validated RP-HPLC method.
Method:
Chromatographic analysis was done using Zorbbax Eclipse eXtra Dense Bonding (XDB)-C18 column of
dimensions (250 mm, 4.6 mm, 5 μm), at ambient column temperature. The mobile phase was a mixture of sodium
dihydrogen phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 and methanol in gradient elution, at 1ml/min flow rate. The method was
fully validated according to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The hydrolysis process
carried out in an acidic buffer pH 1.2 and in an alkaline buffer pH 7.4 in a thermostatic bath at 37ºC.
Results:
The results followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. All metronidazole prodrugs were stable in
the acidic pH, while they were hydrolysed in the alkaline buffer within a few hours (6-8 hr). The rate
constant and half-life values were calculated, and their values were found to be 0.082- 0.117 hr-1 and
5.9- 8.5 hr., respectively.
Conclusion:
The developed method was accurate, sensitive, and selective for the prodrugs. For most of the
prodrugs, the hydrolysis followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; the method might be utilised to conduct an in-vivo
study for the metronidazole derivatives with monoterpenes and eugenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alarjah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Alqura Univeristy – Alabdiah, Alawali-Macca, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar A, Durand H, Zeno E, Balsollier C, Watbled B, Sillard C, Fort S, Baussanne I, Belgacem N, Lee D, Hediger S, Demeunynck M, Bras J, De Paëpe G. The surface chemistry of a nanocellulose drug carrier unravelled by MAS-DNP. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3868-3877. [PMID: 34122855 PMCID: PMC8152408 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are renewable bio-based materials with high specific area, which makes them ideal candidates for multiple emerging applications including for instance on-demand drug release. However, in-depth chemical and structural characterization of the CNF surface chemistry is still an open challenge, especially for low weight percentage of functionalization. This currently prevents the development of efficient, cost-effective and reproducible green synthetic routes and thus the widespread development of targeted and responsive drug-delivery CNF carriers. We show in this work how we use dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to overcome the sensitivity limitation of conventional solid-state NMR and gain insight into the surface chemistry of drug-functionalized TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils. The DNP enhanced-NMR data can report unambiguously on the presence of trace amounts of TEMPO moieties and depolymerized cellulosic units in the starting material, as well as coupling agents on the CNFs surface (used in the heterogeneous reaction). This enables a precise estimation of the drug loading while differentiating adsorption from covalent bonding (∼1 wt% in our case) as opposed to other analytical techniques such as elemental analysis and conductometric titration that can neither detect the presence of coupling agents, nor differentiate unambiguously between adsorption and grafting. The approach, which does not rely on the use of 13C/15N enriched compounds, will be key to further develop efficient surface chemistry routes and has direct implication for the development of drug delivery applications both in terms of safety and dosage. DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR unravels the surface chemistry of functionalized nanocellulose.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-MEM Grenoble France
| | | | - Elisa Zeno
- Centre Technique du Papier (CTP) Grenoble France
| | - Cyril Balsollier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV Grenoble France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM Grenoble France
| | | | - Cecile Sillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, LGP2 Grenoble France
| | | | | | - Naceur Belgacem
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, LGP2 Grenoble France
| | - Daniel Lee
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-MEM Grenoble France
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-MEM Grenoble France
| | | | - Julien Bras
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, LGP2 Grenoble France
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-MEM Grenoble France
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An overview of techniques for multifold enhancement in solubility of poorly soluble drugs. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Poor water solubility of newly discovered compounds has become the most common challenge in the drug development process. Indeed, poor solubility is considered as the root cause of failure of drug during drug development phases. Moreover, it has also been reported to be the main reason for bioavailability issues such as poor, inconsistent, incomplete and highly variable bioavailability of the marketed products. As per an estimate, approximately 90% of drug molecules suffer with poor water solubility at early stage and approximately 40% of the marketed drugs have bioavailability problems mainly due to poor water solubility. Solubility enhancement of the newly discovered compounds is primary research area for the pharmaceutical industries and research institutions. The conventional techniques to improve aqueous solubility of drugs employ salt formation, prodrug formation, co-crystallization, complexation, amorphous solid dispersion and use of co-solvent, surfactants or hydrotropic agents. Current advancement in the science and technology has enabled the use of relatively new techniques under the umbrella of nanotechnology. These include the development of nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, liposomes and nanoparticles to enhance the solubility. This review focuses on the conventional and current approaches of multifold enhancement in the solubility of poorly soluble marketed drugs, including newly discovered compounds.
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Pyka-Pająk A, Parys W, Dołowy M. Comparison of the Utility of RP-TLC Technique and Different Computational Methods to Assess the Lipophilicity of Selected Antiparasitic, Antihypertensive, and Anti-inflammatory Drugs. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173187. [PMID: 31480762 PMCID: PMC6749294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the lipophilicity of selected antiparasitic, antihypertensive and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by means of reversed phase-thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) as well by using Soczewiński-Wachtmeister's and J. Ościk's equations. The lipophilicity parameters of all examined compounds obtained under various chromatographic systems (i.e., methanol-water and acetone-water, respectively) and those determined on the basis of Soczewiński-Wachtmeister's and Ościk's equations (i.e., RMWS and RMWO) were compared with the theoretical ones (e.g., AlogPs, AClogP, milogP, AlogP, MlogP, XlogP2, XlogP3) and the experimental value of the partition coefficient (logPexp). It was found that the RMWS parameter may be a good alternative tool in describing the lipophilic nature of biologically active compounds with a high and low lipophilicity (i.e., antihypertensive and antiparasitic drugs). Meanwhile, the RMWO was more suitable for compounds with a medium lipophilicity (i.e., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The chromatographic parameter 0(a) can be helpful for the prediction of partition coefficients, i.e., AClogP, XlogP3, as well as logPexp of examined compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Pyka-Pająk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, PL-4 Jagiellońska Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Parys
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, PL-4 Jagiellońska Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Dołowy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, PL-4 Jagiellońska Street, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Yasui H, Kubota N, Nishizumi J, Sakai Y, Yamamori T, Inanami O. Preclinical study on hypoxic radiosensitizing effects of glycididazole in comparison with those of doranidazole in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1993-1998. [PMID: 29434899 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the radioresistance of hypoxic cells in solid tumor, numerous types of radiosensitizers specifically against them have been developed. Glycididazole has a chemical structure in which two metronidazole forms are combined, and is widely used as a hypoxic radiosensitizer in China. However, a detailed investigation of its radiosensitizing properties has not been performed. The present study reported a comparative assessment of glycididazole and doranidazole, another hypoxic radiosensitizer. All experiments were performed using the murine squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCCVII. Prior to X-irradiation, the cells were treated with the test drugs at concentrations of 10 mM and 200 mg/kg in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Uptake and their intratumor chemical forms were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both drugs enhanced the reproductive cell death induced by X-irradiation under hypoxia. However, the growth delay assay of the transplanted tumor revealed the combination of X-irradiation and glycididazole showed a similar antitumor effect to that of X-irradiation alone, whereas doranidazole significantly sensitized the cells to X-irradiation. HPLC analysis revealed that incorporated glycididazole was decomposed to metronidazole and was therefore present at a lower concentration compared with that of doranidazole. The decomposition of glycididazole to metronidazole reduced its radiosensitizing efficiency in vivo. Elucidation of the kinetics of drugs containing metabolizable chemical forms is necessary for the optimization of clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kubota
- R&D Laboratories, Pola Pharma Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0812, Japan
| | - Junko Nishizumi
- R&D Laboratories, Pola Pharma Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0812, Japan
| | - Yuri Sakai
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamamori
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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9
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Measurement, correlation and thermodynamics of solubility of metronidazole in 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol+water cosolvent mixtures at (298.15 to 333.15)K. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Zhang J, Jiang J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wan X. A New Strategy for the Construction of α-Amino Acid Esters via Decarboxylation. Org Lett 2013; 15:3222-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401139m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Jiewen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Li B, Ma P, Yang W, Liu M, Huang Q, Wei S. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of macrocyclic metronidazole conjugates as an oral colon-specific delivery system. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-013-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hu C, Yang DP, Wang Z, Yu L, Zhang J, Jia N. Improved EIS Performance of an Electrochemical Cytosensor Using Three-Dimensional Architecture Au@BSA as Sensing Layer. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5200-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400556q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Hu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Life and Environmental Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Ziyi Wang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Life and Environmental Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lili Yu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Life and Environmental Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Nengqin Jia
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Life and Environmental Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Tirnaksiz F, Kayiş A, Çelebi N, Adişen E, Erel A. Preparation and evaluation of topical microemulsion system containing metronidazole for remission in rosacea. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:583-92. [PMID: 22689395 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare a topical water-in-oil type microemulsion containing metronidazole and to compare its effectiveness with a commercial gel product in the treatment of rosacea. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram (K(m)=2:1) was constructed using lecithin/butanol/isopropyl myristate/water. The microemulsion was chosen from the microemulsion region in the phase diagram. The formulation was a water-in-oil type microemulsion (droplet size: 11.6 nm, viscosity: 457.3 mPa·s, conductivity: 1.5 µs/cm, turbidity: 6.89 NTU) and the addition of the metronidazole did not alter the properties of the system. The release experiment showed that the release rate of metronidazole from the commercial gel product was higher than that of the microemulsion. Stability experiments showed that the metronidazole microemulsion remained stable for at least 6 months; none of the characteristic properties of the microemulsion had changed, the system retained its clarity and there was no sign that crystallization of metronidazole has occurred. Microemulsion was compared to a gel product in a randomized, double-blind, baseline-controlled, split-face clinical trial for the treatment of patients. After the 6-week treatment period there was a statistically significant difference in reduction of the main symptoms of rosacea. Of the patients treated with the microemulsion, 17% experienced complete relief from inflammatory lesions, and 50% from erythema. The microemulsion resulted in complete relief in 38% of the patients with telangiectasia while the commercial product did not provide any relief of telangiectasia symptoms. In conclusion, the microemulsion containing metronidazole was found to be more effective in reducing the symptoms of rosacea compared to the commercial gel product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Tirnaksiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey.
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Atmatzidis S, Koutelidakis IM, Chatzimavroudis G, Kotsaki A, Louis K, Pistiki A, Savva A, Antonopoulou A, Atmatzidis K, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Detrimental effect of apoptosis of lymphocytes at an early time point of experimental abdominal sepsis. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:321. [PMID: 22099496 PMCID: PMC3247197 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis of lymphocytes is considered a late sequelum in the sepsis cascade. The role of apoptosis of lymphocytes as a driver of final outcome was investigated. Methods Abdominal sepsis was induced after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in 31 rabbits. Blood was sampled at serial time intervals and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and monocytes was measured through flow cytometric analysis. PBMCs were stimulated with LPS and Pam3Cys for the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Tissue bacterial growth was quantitatively measured. In a second set of experiments, CLP was performed in another 40 rabbits; 20 received single intravenous infusions of ciprofloxacin and of metronidazole 4 hours after surgery. Results Animals were divided into two groups based on the percentage of lymphocyte apoptosis at 4 hours after surgery; less than or equal to 32% and more than 32%. Survival of the former was shorter than the latter (p: 0.017). Tissue growth was similar between groups. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and of monocytes was lower in the former group over follow-up. Release of ΤNFα did not differ. The above findings on survival were repeated in the second set of experiments. Administration of antimicrobials prolonged survival of the former group (p: 0.039) but not of the latter group (pNS). Conclusions Lymphocyte apoptosis at an early time point of experimental peritonitis is a major driver for death. A lower percentage of apoptosis leads earlier to death. Antimicrobials were beneficial even at that disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Atmatzidis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rediguieri CF, Porta V, G. Nunes DS, Nunes TM, Junginger HE, Kopp S, Midha KK, Shah VP, Stavchansky S, Dressman JB, Barends DM. Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Metronidazole. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1618-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McClean K, Preston C, Spence D, Sutton PW, Whittall J. Biocatalytic synthesis of valaciclovir using commercial enzymes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kenawy ER, Al-Deyab SS, Omar Shaker N, El-Sadek BM, Khattab AHB. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of metronidazole containing polymer and copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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QSAR models for predicting enzymatic hydrolysis of new chemical entities in ‘soft-drug’ design. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3543-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pisharath H, Rhee JM, Swanson MA, Leach SD, Parsons MJ. Targeted ablation of beta cells in the embryonic zebrafish pancreas using E. coli nitroreductase. Mech Dev 2006; 124:218-29. [PMID: 17223324 PMCID: PMC2583263 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to generate a zebrafish model of beta cell regeneration, we have expressed an Escherichia coli gene called nfsB in the beta cells of embryonic zebrafish. This bacterial gene encodes a nitroreductase (NTR) enzyme, which can convert prodrugs such as metronidazole (Met) to cytotoxins. By fusing nfsB to mCherry, we can simultaneously render beta cells susceptible to prodrug and visualize Met dependent cell ablation. We show that the neighboring alpha and delta cells are unaffected by prodrug treatment and that ablation is beta cell specific. Following drug removal and 36h of recovery, beta cells regenerate. Using ptf1a morphants, it is clear that this beta cell recovery occurs independently of the presence of the exocrine pancreas. Also, by using photoconvertible Kaede to cell lineage trace and BrdU incorporation to label proliferation, we investigate mechanisms for beta regeneration. Therefore, we have developed a unique resource for the study of beta cell regeneration in a living vertebrate organism, which will provide the opportunity to conduct large-scale screens for pharmacological and genetic modifiers of beta cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshan Pisharath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Jerry M. Rhee
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Michelle A. Swanson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Steven D. Leach
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Parsons
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
- #corresponding author , 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 771, Baltimore, MD 21205, phone 410 502 2982, Fax 410 614 2913
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Tuchnaya OA, Elizarova SN, Sharikova SA, Shastina NS, Stepanov AE, Yurkevich AM, Shvets VI. Synthesis of anti-HIV nucleoside conjugates with lipophilic diol compounds. Pharm Chem J 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-006-0108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Ester Derivatives of Nucleoside Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase: 2. Molecular Systems for the Combined Therapy with 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-Deoxythymidine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11171-005-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Pavelić Z, Skalko-Basnet N, Jalsenjak I. Characterisation and in vitro evaluation of bioadhesive liposome gels for local therapy of vaginitis. Int J Pharm 2005; 301:140-8. [PMID: 16024188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate a new vaginal delivery system for the local treatment of vaginitis. Liposomes containing two commonly applied drugs in the treatment of vaginal infections, namely clotrimazole and metronidazole, were prepared by the proliposome and the polyol dilution methods. Both types of liposomes were characterised and compared for particle size, polydispersity, entrapment efficiency, and tested for in vitro stability in media that mimic human vaginal conditions (buffer, pH 4.5, and vaginal fluid simulant). To achieve application viscosity and to further improve their stability, liposomes containing drugs were incorporated in a bioadhesive gel made of Carbopol 974P NF resin. In vitro release studies have demonstrated that even after 24 h of incubation in vaginal fluid simulant (at 37 degrees C) more than 30% of the originally entrapped clotrimazole (or 50% of metronidazole) was still retained in the gel. Storage stability studies have proved the ability of Carbopol 974P NF gel to preserve original size distributions of incorporated liposomes. All the performed experiments confirm the applicability of bioadhesive liposome gels as a novel delivery system for local therapy of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Pavelić
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacića 1, P.O. Box 156, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Bersani C, Berna M, Pasut G, Veronese FM. PEG-metronidazole conjugates: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:783-8. [PMID: 16040031 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 04/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metronidazole (MTZ), a drug used for the treatment of protozoal infections caused by protozoa and anaerobic microorganisms, was conjugated to linear or branched poly(ethylene glycol) of 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000 Da. An ester linkage between polymer and drug was used in the coupling to yield a polymeric prodrug. The modification allowed overcoming the known MTZ solubility problem leading us to obtain a bioconjugate more suitable for parental administration. The conjugates of various molecular weight polymers have been tested in vitro toward chemical degradation and digestive enzymes. It was found that molecular weight and shape of PEG is critical for the prodrugs stability. Good resistance in the stomach acidic media was found and a slow release of the drug in the large intestinal fluid may take place. In vivo studies carried out following i.v. or s.c. administration to mice revealed improved pharmacokinetics properties upon conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Bersani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Berezovskaya YV, Chudinov MV. Ester Derivatives of Nucleoside Inhibitors of Reverse Transcriptase: 1. Molecular Transport Systems for 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine and 2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-Deoxythymidine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11171-005-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Benkli K, Karaburun AC, Gündoğdu-Karaburun N, Demirayak S, Güven K. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new nitroimidazole derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:773-7. [PMID: 14609122 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, some new nitroimidazole derivatives were obtained from 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethylamine dihydrochloride (4) and 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (5), which were prepared using metronidazole. Compound 4 was reacted with arylisothiocyanates (6) to obtain 1-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-3-arylthioureas (7) and the latter with alpha-bromoacetophenones (8) to give 3-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-arylimino-4-aryl-4-thiazolines (9). Also 1-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-phenyl-4-arylideneimidazolin-5-ones (11) were prepared by reaction of 4 with 2-phenyl-4-arylidene-5-oxazolones (10). The reaction of the other starting material 5 with 5-arylidenethiazolidin-2,4-dione (12) gave 3-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-5-arylidenethiazolidin-2,4-dione (13) derivatives. Structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by IR, 1H-NMR and MASS spectroscopic data and elemental analysis results. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were examined and moderate activity was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Benkli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Anadolu, 26470 Eskişhir, Turkey.
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Abstract
Prodrug design strategies have been employed to improve the delivery of drugs with undesirable pharmacokinetic properties such as chemical stability and lack of specificity. Targeted prodrug design represents a new strategy for site-directed and efficient drug delivery. Targeting of drugs to transporters and receptors to aid in site-specific carrier-mediated absorption is emerging as a novel and clinically significant approach. Various prodrugs have been successful in achieving the goals of enhanced bioavailability and are, therefore, considered to be an important tool in biopharmaceutics. This review highlights the advances in prodrug design targeted towards membrane transporters/receptors in the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banmeet S Anand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5005 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, USA
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