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Optimization of S-Nitrosocaptopril Monohydrate Storage Conditions Based on Response Surface Method. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247533. [PMID: 34946614 PMCID: PMC8706474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From unstable crystals to relatively stable monohydrate crystals, many researchers have been working on S-nitrosocaptopril for more than two decades. S-nitrosocaptopril monohydrate (Cap-NO·H2O) is a novel crystal form of S-nitrosocaptopril (Cap-NO), and is not only a nitric oxide (NO) donor, but also an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Yet, a method for long-term storage has never been reported. In order to determine the optimal storage conditions, Plackett–Burman (PB) design was performed to confirm the critical factors. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal Cap-NO·H2O storage condition, based on the rough interval determined by the path of steepest ascent experiment. The optimized storage condition was denoted as nitrogen purity of 97%, temperature of −10 °C and 1.20 g deoxidizer. In this case, a final preservation rate of 97.91 ± 0.59% could be obtained. In specific storage conditions, Cap-NO·H2O was found to be stable for at least 6 months in individual PE package, procreating a potentially applicable avenue.
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Zhou Y, Lin M, Wang J, Chen F, Li F, Chen W, Han L, Wang C, Chen J, Shao JW, Jia L. A novel S-nitrosocaptopril monohydrate for pulmonary arterial hypertension: H 2O and -SNO intermolecular stabilization chemistry. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:107-115. [PMID: 30227269 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosocaptopril (CapNO) possesses dual capacities of both Captopril and an NO donor with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. CapNO crystals are difficult to make due to its unstable S-NO bond. Here, we report a novel stable S-nitrosocaptopril monohydrate (CapNO·H2O) that is stabilized by intermolecular five-membered structure, where one H of H2O forms a hydrogen bond with O- of the stable resonance zwitterion Cap-S+=N-O-, and the O in H2O forms the dipole-dipole interaction with S+ through two unpaired electrons. With the chelation and common ion effect, we synthesized and characterized CapNO·H2O that is stable at 4 °C for 180 days and thereafter without significant degradation. Compared to Captopril, CapNO showed direct vasorelaxation and beneficial effect on PAH rats, and could be self-assembled in rat stomach when Captopril and NaNO2 were given separately. This novel CapNO·H2O with low entropy paves an avenue for its clinical trials and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Min Lin
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Wenge Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Longyu Han
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Chiahung Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Nacharaju P, Tuckman-Vernon C, Maier KE, Chouake J, Friedman A, Cabrales P, Friedman JM. A nanoparticle delivery vehicle for S-nitroso-N-acetyl cysteine: sustained vascular response. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:150-60. [PMID: 22705913 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the development of nitric oxide (NO) based therapeutics has grown exponentially due to its well elucidated and established biological functions. In line with this surge, S-nitroso thiol (RSNO) therapeutics are also receiving more attention in recent years both as potential stable sources of NO as well as for their ability to serve as S-nitrosating agents; S-nitrosation of protein thiols is implicated in many physiological processes. We describe two hydrogel based RSNO containing nanoparticle platforms. In one platform the SNO groups are covalently attached to the particles (SNO-np) and the other contains S-nitroso-N-acetyl cysteine encapsulated within the particles (NAC-SNO-np). Both platforms function as vehicles for sustained activity as trans-S-nitrosating agents. NAC-SNO-np exhibited higher efficiency for generating GSNO from GSH and maintained higher levels of GSNO concentration for longer time (24 h) as compared to SNO-np as well as a previously characterized nitric oxide releasing platform, NO-np (nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles). In vivo, intravenous infusion of the NAC-SNO-np and NO-np resulted in sustained decreases in mean arterial pressure, though NAC-SNO-np induced longer vasodilatory effects as compared to the NO-np. Serum chemistries following infusion demonstrated no toxicity in both treatment groups. Together, these data suggest that the NAC-SNO-np represents a novel means to both study the biologic effects of nitrosothiols and effectively capitalize on its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimala Nacharaju
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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