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Lopalco A, Iacobazzi RM, Lopedota AA, Denora N. Recent Advances in Nanodrug Delivery Systems Production, Efficacy, Safety, and Toxicity. Methods Mol Biol 2025; 2834:303-332. [PMID: 39312172 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4003-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
In the last three decades, the development of nanoparticles or nano-formulations as drug delivery systems has emerged as a promising tool to overcome the limitations of conventional delivery, potentially to improve the stability and solubility of active molecules, promote their transport across the biological membranes, and prolong circulation times to increase efficacy of a therapy. Despite several nano-formulations having applications in drug delivery, some issues concerning their safety and toxicity are still debated. This chapter describes the recent available information regarding safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nano-formulations for drug delivery. Several key factors can influence the behavior of nanoparticles in a biological environment, and their evaluation is crucial to design non-toxic and effective nano-formulations. Among them, we have focused our attention on materials and methods for their preparation (including the innovative microfluidic technique), mechanisms of interactions with biological systems, purification of nanoparticles, manufacture impurities, and nano-stability. This chapter places emphasis on the utilization of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models for the assessment and prediction of toxicity associated with these nano-formulations. Furthermore, the chapter includes specific examples of in vitro and in vivo studies conducted on nanoparticles, illustrating their application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopalco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Mehrdadi S. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles as Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Overcoming Poor Gastrointestinal Absorption and Enhancing Bioavailability of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:48-66. [PMID: 38585451 PMCID: PMC10997935 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Delivery and formulation of oral peptide and protein therapeutics have always been a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. The oral bioavailability of peptide and protein therapeutics mainly relies on their gastrointestinal solubility and permeability which are affected by their poor membrane penetration, high molecular weight and proteolytic (chemical and enzymatic) degradation resulting in limited delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The present review article highlights the challenges and limitations of oral delivery of peptide and protein therapeutics focusing on the application, potential and importance of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) and their advantages and drawbacks. LBDDSs, due to their lipid-based matrix can encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, and by reducing the first-pass effect and avoiding proteolytic degradation offer improved drug stability, dissolution rate, absorption, bioavailability and controlled drug release. Furthermore, their small size, high surface area and surface modification increase their mucosal adhesion, tissue-targeted distribution, physiological function and half-life. Properties such as simple preparation, high-scale manufacturing, biodegradability, biocompatibility, prolonged half-life, lower toxicity, lower adverse effects, lipid-based structure, higher drug encapsulation rate and various drug release profile compared to other similar carrier systems makes LBDDSs a promising drug delivery system (DDS). Nevertheless, undesired physicochemical features of peptide and protein drug development and discovery such as plasma stability, membrane permeability and circulation half-life remain a serious challenge which should be addressed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Mehrdadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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3
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In situ encapsulation of biologically active ingredients into polymer particles by polymerization in dispersed media. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
This chapter presents an outline of the recent available information regarding safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nano drug delivery systems. Of particular importance is the evaluation of several key factors to design nontoxic and effective nanoformulations. Among them, we focus on nanostructure materials and synthesis methods, mechanisms of interactions with biological systems, treatment of nanoparticles, manufacture impurities, and nanostability. Emphasis is given to in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used to assess and predict the toxicity of these new formulations. Additionally, some examples of in vitro and in vivo studies of specific nanoderivatives are also presented in this chapter.
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Santalices I, Gonella A, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Advances on the formulation of proteins using nanotechnologies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Erel G, Kotmakçı M, Akbaba H, Sözer Karadağlı S, Kantarcı AG. Nanoencapsulated chitosan nanoparticles in emulsion-based oral delivery system: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of insulin loaded formulation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Lipid-based nanocarriers for oral peptide delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:337-354. [PMID: 27080735 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article is aimed to overview the lipid-based nanostructures designed so far for the oral administration of peptides and proteins, and to analyze the influence of their composition and physicochemical (particle size, zeta potential) and pharmaceutical (drug loading and release) properties, on their interaction with the gastro-intestinal environment, and the subsequent PK/PD profile of the associated drugs. The ultimate goal has been to highlight and comparatively analyze the key factors that may be determinant of the success of these nanocarriers for oral peptide delivery. The article ends with some prospects on the challenges to be addressed for the intended commercial success of these delivery vehicles.
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Lakkireddy HR, Urmann M, Besenius M, Werner U, Haack T, Brun P, Alié J, Illel B, Hortala L, Vogel R, Bazile D. Oral delivery of diabetes peptides - Comparing standard formulations incorporating functional excipients and nanotechnologies in the translational context. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:196-222. [PMID: 26964477 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While some orally delivered diabetes peptides are moving to late development with standard formulations incorporating functional excipients, the demonstration of the value of nanotechnology in clinic is still at an early stage. The goal of this review is to compare these two drug delivery approaches from a physico-chemical and a biopharmaceutical standpoint in an attempt to define how nanotechnology-based products can be differentiated from standard oral dosage forms for oral bioavailability of diabetes peptides. Points to consider in a translational approach are outlined to seize the opportunities offered by a better understanding of both the intestinal barrier and of nano-carriers designed for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harivardhan Reddy Lakkireddy
- Drug Delivery Technologies and Innovation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Matthias Urmann
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Melissa Besenius
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Werner
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Haack
- Diabetes Division, Sanofi Research and Development, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Priscilla Brun
- Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Alié
- Analytical Sciences, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Illel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Hortala
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Rachel Vogel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Bazile
- Drug Delivery Technologies and Innovation, Pharmaceutical Sciences Operations, Lead Generation and Candidate Realization, Sanofi Research and Development, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
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Ye K, Zhao D, Shi X, Lu X. Use of caprylic/capric triglyceride in the encapsulation of dementholized peppermint fragrance leading to smaller and better distributed nanocapsules. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physically stable dementholized peppermint (DP) nanocapsules with an average size of 82.8 nm and fragrance loading of 16% were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ye
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Shi
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Lu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Donghua University
- Shanghai 201620
- People's Republic of China
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Ansari M. Oral Delivery of Insulin for Treatment of Diabetes: Classical Challenges and Current Opportunities. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2015.209.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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11
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Mo R, Jiang T, Di J, Tai W, Gu Z. Emerging micro- and nanotechnology based synthetic approaches for insulin delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3595-629. [PMID: 24626293 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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12
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Ramesan RM, Sharma CP. Challenges and advances in nanoparticle-based oral insulin delivery. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 6:665-76. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.09.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Encapsulation and controlled release of hydrophilic pesticide in shell cross-linked nanocapsules containing aqueous core. Int J Pharm 2014; 463:108-14. [PMID: 24406673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, amphiphilic biocopolymers, synthesized by mixing azidobenzaldehyde (Az) and an aqueous solution of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), which self-assemble into nanocapsules with a aqueous core (ACN) in aqueous media followed by photo-cross-linking to obtain shell cross-linked nanocapsules, were used to develop a controlled release pesticide system. The system was characterized by TEM and DLS. Its encapsulation efficiency was determined. The obtained result showed that it is efficient to encapsulate methomyl reaching encapsulation efficiency as high as 90% in an aqueous medium at pH 4.0, which is mainly attributed to the hydrogen bonding adsorption between methomyl molecules and the inner surface of nanocapsules. Release profiles of methomyl from methomyl-loaded nanocapsules in an aqueous solution at pH 6.0 were shown to be diffusion controlled with a half-release time (t(½)) of 36.3-69.5h from different samples. The shell cross-linking and its degree of cross-linking are assumed to be responsible for this diffusion behavior. The insecticidal activity test in laboratory showed that the control efficacy of methomyl-loaded nanocapsules against the armyworm larvae was significantly superior to the original. The relative control efficacy still maintained 100% over 7 days.
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Sakloetsakun D, Dünnhaupt S, Barthelmes J, Perera G, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Combining two technologies: multifunctional polymers and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral insulin administration. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:363-72. [PMID: 23933302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) based on thiolated chitosan for oral insulin administration. The preparations were characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency, stability and drug release. Serum insulin concentrations were determined after oral administration of all formulations. Insulin SNEDDS formulation was served as control. The optimized SNEDDS consists of 65% (w/w) miglyol 840, 25% (w/w) cremophor EL, 10% (w/w) co-solvents (a mixture of DMSO and glycerol). The formulations in the presence or absence of insulin (5mg/mL) were spherical with the size range between 80 and 160 nm. Entrapment efficiency of insulin increased significantly when the thiolated chitosan was employed (95.14±2.96%), in comparison to the insulin SNEDDS (80.38±1.22%). After 30 min, the in vitro release profile of insulin from the nanoemulsions was markedly increased compared to the control. In vivo results showed that insulin/thiolated chitosan SNEDDS displayed a significant increase in serum insulin (p-value=0.02) compared to oral insulin solution. A new strategy to combine SNEDDS and thiolated chitosan described in the study would therefore be a promising and innovative approach to improve oral bioavailability of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamon Sakloetsakun
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Cárdenas-Bailón F, Osorio-Revilla G, Gallardo-Velázquez T. Microencapsulation techniques to develop formulations of insulin for oral delivery: a review. J Microencapsul 2012; 30:409-24. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.742159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Intestinal receptor targeting for peptide delivery: an expert's personal perspective on reasons for failure and new opportunities. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:1575-93. [PMID: 22833983 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology has been available more than 25 years that would enable the oral delivery of vaccines, proteins and peptides, thus avoiding the need for injection. To this day, injection is still the mode of delivery, yet not the main mode of choice. This review focuses on several of the potential modes for oral delivery of peptides, proteins and vaccines. Additionally, the review will provide the reader with an insight into the problems and potential solutions for several of these modes of oral delivery of peptides and proteins.
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Li P, Nielsen HM, Müllertz A. Oral delivery of peptides and proteins using lipid-based drug delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1289-304. [PMID: 22897647 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.717068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to successfully develop lipid-based drug delivery systems (DDS) for oral administration of peptides and proteins, it is important to gain an understanding of the colloid structures formed by these DDS, the mode of peptide and protein incorporation as well as the mechanism by which intestinal absorption of peptides and proteins is promoted. AREAS COVERED The present paper reviews the literature on lipid-based DDS, employed for oral delivery of peptides and proteins and highlights the mechanisms by which the different lipid-based carriers are expected to overcome the two most important barriers (extensive enzymatic degradation and poor transmucosal permeability). This paper also gives a clear-cut idea about advantages and drawbacks of using different lipidic colloidal carriers ((micro)emulsions, solid lipid core particles and liposomes) for oral delivery of peptides and proteins. EXPERT OPINION Lipid-based DDS are safe and suitable for oral delivery of peptides and proteins. Significant progress has been made in this area with several technologies on clinical trials. However, a better understanding of the mechanism of action in vivo is needed in order to improve the design and development of lipid-based DDS with the desired bioavailability and therapeutic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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18
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Khafagy ES, Morishita M. Oral biodrug delivery using cell-penetrating peptide. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:531-9. [PMID: 22245080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the novel biotherapeutic agents such as peptides and proteins have been contributed to the treatment of several diseases. However, their oral absorption is significantly limited due to their poor delivery through the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, the feasible approaches are needed for improving the oral bioavailability of biodrugs. Recently, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as HIV-1 Tat, penetratin and oligoarginine are considered as a useful tool for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic macromolecules. Hence, it was expected that the ability of CPPs may be applicable to enhance the absorption of biodrugs through intestinal epithelial membrane. CPPs are likely to become powerful tools for overcoming the low permeability of therapeutic peptides and proteins through the intestinal membrane, the major barrier to their oral delivery. Further advantage of this promising strategy is that this successful intestinal absorption could be achieved by more convenient methodology, coadministration of CPP with drugs via intermolecular interaction among them. Hereafter, the further establishment of delivery system based on CPPs is required to realize the development of the oral forms of therapeutic peptides and proteins. The aim here is to introduce our vision focusing on oral biodrug delivery by the use of CPPs as potential peptide carrier in order to provide new information in the design and development of new oral delivery systems for novel biotherapeutics.
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Opportunities and challenges for oral delivery of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs using lipid-based technologies. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1633-53. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide and protein-like drugs are macromolecules currently produced in increasing numbers by the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry. The physicochemical properties of these molecules pose barriers to oral administration. Lipid-based drug-delivery systems have the potential to overcome these barriers and may be utilized to formulate safe, stable and efficacious oral medicines. This review outlines the design of such lipid-based technologies. The mechanisms whereby these formulations enhance the absorption of lipophilic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs are discussed. In the case of lipophilic compounds, the advantages of lipid-based drug-delivery systems including increased solubilization, decreased intestinal efflux, decreased intracellular metabolism and possible lymphatic transport are well established as is evident from the success of Neoral® and other drug products on the market. In contrast, with respect to hydrophilic compounds, the situation is more complex and, while promising formulation approaches have been studied, issues including reproducibility of response, intersubject variability and duration of response require further optimization before commercially viable products are possible.
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Card JW, Magnuson BA. A review of the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle-based oral insulin delivery systems. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G956-67. [PMID: 21921287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00107.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is providing new and innovative means to detect, diagnose, and treat disease. In this regard, numerous nanoparticle-based approaches have been taken in an effort to develop an effective oral insulin therapy for the treatment of diabetes. This review summarizes efficacy data from studies that have evaluated oral insulin therapies in experimental models. Also provided here is an overview of the limited safety data that have been reported in these studies. To date, the most promising approaches for nanoparticle-based oral insulin therapy appear to involve the incorporation of insulin into complex multilayered nanoparticles that are mucoadhesive, biodegradable, biocompatible, and acid protected and into nanoparticles that are designed to take advantage of the vitamin B(12) uptake pathway. It is anticipated that the continued investigation and optimization of nanoparticle-based formulations for oral delivery of insulin will lead to a much sought-after noninvasive treatment for diabetes. Such investigations also may provide insight into the use of nanoparticle-based formulations for peptide- and protein-based oral treatment of other diseases and for various food-related purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Card
- Cantox Health Sciences International, Intertek Company, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Guo L, Ma E, Zhao H, Long Y, Zheng C, Duan M. Preliminary evaluation of a novel oral delivery system for rhPTH1-34: In vitro and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Fan Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Fan C, Wang X, Huang Y, Liu Y. Improved intestinal delivery of salmon calcitonin by water-in-oil microemulsions. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:323-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kafka AP, McLeod BJ, Rades T, McDowell A. Release and bioactivity of PACA nanoparticles containing D-Lys6-GnRH for brushtail possum fertility control. J Control Release 2011; 149:307-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Ngwuluka N. Application of in situ polymerization for design and development of oral drug delivery systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1603-11. [PMID: 21063816 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although preformed polymers are commercially available for use in the design and development of drug delivery systems, in situ polymerization has also been employed. In situ polymerization affords the platform to tailor and optimize the drug delivery properties of polymers. This review brings to light the benefits of in situ polymerization for oral drug delivery and the possibilities it provides to overcome the challenges of oral route of administration.
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Abstract
Abstract
Several oil-based solution formulations of insulin were prepared, in which insulin was solubilized in the form of anhydrous reverse micelles. The preparation process involved micellar dissolution of insulin followed by freeze drying, then reconstitution of lyophilized product with an oil phase. These formulations were stable at room temperature for up to 12 months. No significant changes in the appearance were observed and no degradation products of insulin were detected during the course of the stability study. The efficacy of these formulations was evaluated in-vivo using diabetic Wistar rat as an animal model and then a specific formulation was chosen for further study in non-diabetic New Zealand rabbits. It was found that the efficacy of insulin oil solution was dose dependent and insulin oil solution had the same efficacy as insulin emulsion with the same formulation composition. If ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was pre-delivered 40 min before the delivery of insulin oil solution, the hypoglycaemic effect of insulin oil solution was greatly enhanced, with an AUC (% glucose reduced) value increase from 28.5 ± 14.7 to 167.1 ± 72.3. The improvement of oral absorption induced by pre-delivery of EDTA might be attributed to enzyme inhibition, reduced gut mobility and the opening of paracellular routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, P. R. China.
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26
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Haverkamp RG. A Decade of Nanoparticle Research in Australia and New Zealand. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/02726350903405387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Goswami S, Bajpai J, Bajpai AK. Designing Gelatin Nanocarriers as a Swellable System for Controlled Release of Insulin: AnIn-VitroKinetic Study. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320903458556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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McDowell A, McLeod BJ, Rades T, Tucker IG. Polymeric nanoparticles as an oral delivery system for biocontrol agents for the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). N Z Vet J 2009; 57:370-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.64731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kafka AP, Kleffmann T, Rades T, McDowell A. Histidine Residues in the Peptide d-Lys6-GnRH: Potential for Copolymerization in Polymeric Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1483-91. [DOI: 10.1021/mp900043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. Kafka
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, and Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, and Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, and Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, and Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Graf A, McDowell A, Rades T. Poly(alkycyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of therapeutics – is there real potential? Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:371-87. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902870413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Graf A, Rades T, Hook SM. Oral insulin delivery using nanoparticles based on microemulsions with different structure-types: optimisation and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:53-61. [PMID: 19167488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimise entrapment of insulin in poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles prepared from microemulsions with different microstructure containing isopropyl myristate, caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides, polyglyceryl oleate and insulin solution and to investigate the in vitro release and bioactivity of insulin in nanoparticles dispersed in the microemulsion templates. Entrapment efficiency and release of insulin were studied using a reverse-phase HPLC assay. Morphology of the nanoparticles was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Bioactivity of insulin was studied using a streptozotocin-diabetic rat model. Nanoparticles were spherical with 200-400 nm in size without significant difference between different microemulsion templates, types and amounts of monomer. Entrapment efficiency increased significantly with increasing monomer concentration but decreased with increasing aqueous fraction in the microemulsion template. Insulin loading however, showed an opposite trend. In vitro release profiles of insulin from the nanoparticles dispersed in the microemulsion templates were controlled by the monomer concentration only. In vivo, a consistent and significant hypoglycemic effect over controls was found for up to 36 h depending on the type of monomer. No significant serum insulin levels were detectable. This study showed that the strategy of delivering insulin orally, entrapped in nanoparticles and dispersed in a biocompatible microemulsion is promising and highlights the importance of optimisation studies in combination with in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Graf
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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32
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Vauthier C, Bouchemal K. Methods for the preparation and manufacture of polymeric nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2008; 26:1025-58. [PMID: 19107579 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the different methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles including nanospheres and nanocapsules. The first part summarizes the basic principle of each method of nanoparticle preparation. It presents the most recent innovations and progresses obtained over the last decade and which were not included in previous reviews on the subject. Strategies for the obtaining of nanoparticles with controlled in vivo fate are described in the second part of the review. A paragraph summarizing scaling up of nanoparticle production and presenting corresponding pilot set-up is considered in the third part of the review. Treatments of nanoparticles, applied after the synthesis, are described in the next part including purification, sterilization, lyophilization and concentration. Finally, methods to obtain labelled nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo investigations are described in the last part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vauthier
- CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris Sud-11, 92296, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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Increasing entrapment of peptides within poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles prepared from water-in-oil microemulsions by copolymerization. Int J Pharm 2008; 362:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Attivi D, Wehrle P, Ubrich N, Damge C, Hoffman M, Maincent P. Formulation of Insulin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Response Surface Methodology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 31:179-89. [PMID: 15773285 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-200047802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to formulate new oral insulin-loaded nanoparticules using the response surface methodology. The insulin nanoparticles were prepared by a water-in-oil-in-water emulsification and evaporation method. The polymers used for the encapsulation were blends of biodegradable poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) and of positively-charged, nonbiodegradable polymer (Eudragis RS). A central composite design has been built to investigate the effects of three controlled variables: ratio of polymers (PCL/RS ratio), volume, and pH of the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The nanoparticles were characterized by measuring the amount of entrapped insulin, the particle size, the polydispersity of the obtained particles, the zeta potential, and the amount of insulin released after 7 hours. A second-order model was evaluated by multiple regression and was statistically tested for each of the studied controlled variable. The obtained polynomials proved efficient to localize an optimal operating area highlighted by the use of three-dimensional response surfaces and their corresponding isoresponse curves. An interesting formulation given by the models was selected, prepared, and evaluated. The corresponding quantity of entrapped insulin was 25 IU per 100 mg of polymer, and the particle size was 350 nm with a polydispersity of 0.21. The quantity of released insulin was 4.8 IU per 100 mg of polymer after 7 hours and the zeta potential was +44 mV. All these collected values were in perfect accordance with values estimated by the models. Finally, the results suggested that PCL/RS 50/50 nanoparticles might represent a promising formulation for oral delivery of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Attivi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie, Galénique et Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy Cedex, France
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35
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Graf A, Jack KS, Whittaker AK, Hook SM, Rades T. Protein delivery using nanoparticles based on microemulsions with different structure-types. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 33:434-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Vauthier C, Labarre D, Ponchel G. Design aspects of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for drug delivery. J Drug Target 2008; 15:641-63. [PMID: 18041633 DOI: 10.1080/10611860701603372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles were first developed 25 years ago taking advantage of the in vivo degradation potential of the polymer and of its good acceptance by living tissues. Since then, various PACA nanoparticles were designed including nanospheres, oil-containing and water-containing nanocapsules. This made possible the in vivo delivery of many types of drugs including those presenting serious challenging delivery problems. PACA nanoparticles were proven to improve treatments of severe diseases like cancer, infections and metabolic disease. For instance, they can transport drugs across barriers allowing delivery of therapeutic doses in difficult tissues to reach including in the brain or in multidrug resistant cells. This review gives an update on the more recent developments and achievements on design aspects of PACA nanoparticles as delivery systems for various drugs to be administered in vivo by different routes of administration.
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37
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Graf A, Ablinger E, Peters S, Zimmer A, Hook S, Rades T. Microemulsions containing lecithin and sugar-based surfactants: Nanoparticle templates for delivery of proteins and peptides. Int J Pharm 2008; 350:351-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Khafagy ES, Morishita M, Onuki Y, Takayama K. Current challenges in non-invasive insulin delivery systems: a comparative review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:1521-46. [PMID: 17881081 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The quest to eliminate the needle from insulin delivery and to replace it with non- or less-invasive alternative routes has driven rigorous pharmaceutical research to replace the injectable forms of insulin. Recently, various approaches have been studied involving many strategies using various technologies that have shown success in delivering insulin, which are designed to overcome the inherent barriers for insulin uptake across the gastrointestinal tract, mucosal membranes and skin. This review examines some of the many attempts made to develop alternative, more convenient routes for insulin delivery to avoid existing long-term dependence on multiple subcutaneous injections and to improve the pharmacodynamic properties of insulin. In addition, this article concentrates on the successes in this new millennium in developing potential non-invasive technologies and devices, and on major new milestones in modern insulin delivery for the effective treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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39
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Hillaireau H, Le Doan T, Besnard M, Chacun H, Janin J, Couvreur P. Encapsulation of antiviral nucleotide analogues azidothymidine-triphosphate and cidofovir in poly(iso-butylcyanoacrylate) nanocapsules. Int J Pharm 2006; 324:37-42. [PMID: 16935444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are widely used in the treatment of various viral infections. However, the poor in vivo conversion of the nucleoside analogues like azidothymidine (AZT) into their active triphosphate nucleotide counterpart limits their pharmacological efficacy. This could be overcome by the direct administration of azidothymidine triphosphate (AZT-TP), but it requires an appropriate drug delivery approach. Besides nucleoside analogues, nucleotide analogues like cidofovir (CDV) are also used in the treatment of viral infections. CDV has raised recent interest because of its promising activity against smallpox, but its use is limited by its poor bioavailability and nephrotoxicity. Here again, a proper drug delivery system should address these issues. In this study, we investigated the encapsulation of the nucleotide analogues AZT-TP and CDV into poly(iso-butylcyanoacrylate) aqueous core nanocapsules, known to efficiently entrap oligonucleotides. We show here that the encapsulation of these mono-nucleotides is less efficient than with oligonucleotides and that a rapid release of AZT-TP from the nanocapsules occurred in vitro. This highlights the importance of the molecular weight of the entrapped molecules which, if they are too small, are diffusing through the thin polymer membrane of the nanocapsules. On the other hand, a good protection of the encapsulated AZT-TP was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hillaireau
- UMR CNRS 8612, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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40
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Couvreur P, Vauthier C. Nanotechnology: intelligent design to treat complex disease. Pharm Res 2006; 23:1417-50. [PMID: 16779701 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this expert review is to discuss the impact of nanotechnology in the treatment of the major health threats including cancer, infections, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammations. Indeed, during the past 30 years, the explosive growth of nanotechnology has burst into challenging innovations in pharmacology, the main input being the ability to perform temporal and spatial site-specific delivery. This has led to some marketed compounds through the last decade. Although the introduction of nanotechnology obviously permitted to step over numerous milestones toward the development of the "magic bullet" proposed a century ago by the immunologist Paul Ehrlich, there are, however, unresolved delivery problems to be still addressed. These scientific and technological locks are discussed along this review together with an analysis of the current situation concerning the industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Couvreur
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Université de Paris Sud, 5 Rue J.B. Clément, 92 296, Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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41
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Reis CP, Neufeld RJ, Ribeiro AJ, Veiga F. Nanoencapsulation II. Biomedical applications and current status of peptide and protein nanoparticulate delivery systems. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2006; 2:53-65. [PMID: 17292116 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of polymeric nanoparticles for the design of new drug delivery systems emerged a few years ago, and recent rapid advances in nanotechnology have offered a wealth of new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. Recent progress has made possible the engineering of nanoparticles to allow the site-specific delivery of drugs and to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of numerous compounds with biomedical applications such as peptide and protein drugs. Biologically active peptides and their analogues are becoming an increasingly important class of drugs. Their use for human and animal treatment is problematic, however, because some of these drugs are generally ineffective when taken orally and thus have been administered chiefly by the parenteral route. This review covers some of the historical and recent advances of nanotechnology and concludes that polymeric nanoparticles show great promise as a tool for the development of peptide drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pinto Reis
- Laboratorio Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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42
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McDowell A, McLeod BJ, Rades T, Tucker IG. Application of pharmaceutical drug delivery for biological control of the common brushtail possum in New Zealand: a review. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/wr06028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the most significant vertebrate pest in New Zealand, being a major ecological threat to the indigenous biodiversity and an economic threat as a vector for bovine tuberculosis. Novel and effective strategies to reduce the population of T. vulpecula are needed urgently. Several biocontrol agents are currently being assessed and from research to date it is likely that the biocontrol agents will be peptide or protein molecules. It is not possible to administer such biocontrol agents alone because they would be degraded rapidly in the animal, especially if delivered orally. Technologies used in the pharmaceutical industry to design efficacious drug-delivery systems for humans and animals can be applied to the design of delivery systems for biocontrol agents used in wildlife management, although there are some unique challenges that must be overcome.
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Cilek A, Celebi N, Tirnaksiz F, Tay A. A lecithin-based microemulsion of rh-insulin with aprotinin for oral administration: Investigation of hypoglycemic effects in non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm 2005; 298:176-85. [PMID: 15950411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a microemulsion formulation providing an improved efficacy of orally administered insulin. The microemulsions were prepared using Labrafil M 1944 CS, Phospholipon 90 G (lecithin), absolute alcohol and bi-distilled water. The microemulsions of recombinant human (rh)-insulin and aqueous solution (200 IU/kg) were administered intragastrically by a canulla to diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Aprotinin (2500 KIU/g) was added as the enzyme inhibitor to the formulation. Upon the administration of intragastric rh-insulin solution (IS) to non-diabetic rats, the plasma glucose and insulin levels were not changed significantly. Therefore, the hypoglycemic effect caused by subcutaneous rh-insulin solution (SC), microemulsion containing rh-insulin (IME) and microemulsion containing rh-insulin and aprotinin (IMEA) were analyzed in diabetic rats. The area above the plasma glucose levels time curves (AAC), minimum glucose concentration (Cmin) and time to Cmin (tmin) were derived from the plasma glucose profiles. IME and IMEA caused approximately 30% decrease in plasma glucose levels. The decrease in the plasma glucose levels continued after the 90th min. The highest AAC value was obtained when IMEA was administered to rats. The maximum plasma insulin concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (tmax), terminal half-life (t(1/2)), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and elimination rate constant (k(el)) values were also calculated. It was observed that t(1/2) values varied between 0.53 and 1.31h. No significant difference could be found between the pharmacokinetic parameters of the IME and IMEA administered groups. Addition of aprotinin to the microemulsion containing rh-insulin increased bioavailability when compared to those not containing it, although the difference is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
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44
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Hosoya O, Chono S, Saso Y, Juni K, Morimoto K, Seki T. Determination of diffusion coefficients of peptides and prediction of permeability through a porous membrane. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 56:1501-7. [PMID: 15563756 DOI: 10.1211/0022357044878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion coefficient (D) of peptide and protein drugs needs to be determined to examine the permeability through biological barriers and to optimize delivery systems. In this study, the D values of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled dextrans (FDs) and peptides were determined and the permeability through a porous membrane was discussed. The observed D values of FDs and peptides, except in the case of insulin, were similar to those calculated based on a relationship previously reported between the molecular weight and D of lower-molecular-weight compounds, although the molecular weight range was completely different. The observed D value of insulin was between the calculated values for the insulin monomer and hexamer. The permeability of poly-lysine and insulin through the membrane was determined and the observed values were compared with predicted values by using the relationship between molecular weight and D and an equation based on the Renkin function. The observed permeability of insulin through the membrane was between that of the predicted permeability for the insulin monomer and hexamer. For the permeation of insulin, the determination of D was useful for estimating the permeability because of the irregular relationship between molecular weight and D. The methodology used in this study will be useful for a more quantitative evaluation of the absorption of peptide and protein drugs applied to mucous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hosoya
- Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
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45
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Krauel K, Pitaksuteepong T, Davies NM, Rades T. Entrapment of Bioactive Molecules in Poly (Alkylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2165/00137696-200402040-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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46
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Vauthier C, Dubernet C, Fattal E, Pinto-Alphandary H, Couvreur P. Poly(alkylcyanoacrylates) as biodegradable materials for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2003; 55:519-48. [PMID: 12706049 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review considers the use of poly(alkylcyanoacrylates) (PACAs) as biomedical materials. We first present the different aspects of the polymerization of alkylcyanoacrylate monomers and briefly discuss their applications as skin adhesives, surgical glues and embolitic materials. An extensive review of the developments and applications of PACAs as nanoparticles for the delivery of drugs is then given. The methods of preparation of the nanoparticles are presented and considerations concerning the degradation, in vivo distribution, toxicity and cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles are discussed. The different therapeutic applications are presented according to the route of administration of the nanoparticles and include the most recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vauthier
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Université de Paris XI, 5 Rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Cedex, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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