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Tarahovsky YS, Fadeeva IS, Komelina NP, Khrenov MO, Zakharova NM. Antipsychotic inductors of brain hypothermia and torpor-like states: perspectives of application. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:173-184. [PMID: 27933367 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia and hypometabolism (hypometabothermia) normally observed during natural hibernation and torpor, allow animals to protect their body and brain against the damaging effects of adverse environment. A similar state of hypothermia can be achieved under artificial conditions through physical cooling or pharmacological effects directed at suppression of metabolism and the processes of thermoregulation. In these conditions called torpor-like states, the mammalian ability to recover from stroke, heart attack, and traumatic injuries greatly increases. Therefore, the development of therapeutic methods for different pathologies is a matter of great concern. With the discovery of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine in the 1950s of the last century, the first attempts to create a pharmacologically induced state of hibernation for therapeutic purposes were made. That was the beginning of numerous studies in animals and the broad use of therapeutic hypothermia in medicine. Over the last years, many new agents have been discovered which were capable of lowering the body temperature and inhibiting the metabolism. The psychotropic agents occupy a significant place among them, which, in our opinion, is not sufficiently recognized in the contemporary literature. In this review, we summarized the latest achievements related to the ability of modern antipsychotics to target specific receptors in the brain, responsible for the initiation of hypometabothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury S Tarahovsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290. .,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290.
| | - Irina S Fadeeva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290.,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Natalia P Komelina
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Maxim O Khrenov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Nadezhda M Zakharova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
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Leiser SC, Li Y, Pehrson AL, Dale E, Smagin G, Sanchez C. Serotonergic Regulation of Prefrontal Cortical Circuitries Involved in Cognitive Processing: A Review of Individual 5-HT Receptor Mechanisms and Concerted Effects of 5-HT Receptors Exemplified by the Multimodal Antidepressant Vortioxetine. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:970-86. [PMID: 25746856 DOI: 10.1021/cn500340j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for several decades that serotonergic neurotransmission is a key regulator of cognitive function, mood, and sleep. Yet with the relatively recent discoveries of novel serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes, as well as an expanding knowledge of their expression level in certain brain regions and localization on certain cell types, their involvement in cognitive processes is still emerging. Of particular interest are cognitive processes impacted in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical to normal cognitive processes, including attention, impulsivity, planning, decision-making, working memory, and learning or recall of learned memories. Furthermore, serotonergic dysregulation within the PFC is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders associated with prominent symptoms of cognitive dysfunction. Thus, it is important to better understand the overall makeup of serotonergic receptors in the PFC and on which cell types these receptors mediate their actions. In this Review, we focus on 5-HT receptor expression patterns within the PFC and how they influence cognitive behavior and neurotransmission. We further discuss the net effects of vortioxetine, an antidepressant acting through multiple serotonergic targets given the recent findings that vortioxetine improves cognition by modulating multiple neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Li
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Alan L. Pehrson
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Elena Dale
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Gennady Smagin
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, New Jersey 07650, United States
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Darna M, Chow JJ, Yates JR, Charnigo RJ, Beckmann JS, Bardo MT, Dwoskin LP. Role of serotonin transporter function in rat orbitofrontal cortex in impulsive choice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 293:134-42. [PMID: 26183652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multi-faceted personality construct that plays a prominent role in drug abuse vulnerability. Dysregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) systems in subregions of the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in impulsivity. Extracellular 5-HT concentrations are regulated by 5-HT transporters (SERTs), indicating that these transporters may be important molecular targets underlying individual differences in impulsivity and drug abuse vulnerability. The present study evaluated the role of SERT in mediating individual differences in impulsivity. Rats were tested for both impulsive action using the cued go/no-go task and for impulsive choice using a delay discounting task in a counterbalanced design. Following behavioral evaluation, Km and Vmax were obtained from kinetic analysis of [(3)H]5-HT uptake by SERT using synaptosomes prepared from both orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) obtained from each individual rat. Vmax for SERT in OFC, but not mPFC, was negatively correlated with mean adjusted delay scores in the delay discounting task. In contrast, Vmax for SERT in OFC and mPFC was not correlated with performance in the cued go/no-go task. To further evaluate the relationship between SERT function and impulsive choice, a selective SERT inhibitor, fluoxetine (0, 15, 50 and 150pmol/side) was microinjected bilaterally into OFC and effects on the delay discounting task determined. Following stabilization of behavior, fluoxetine increased mean adjusted delay scores (decreased impulsivity) in high impulsive rats compared to saline microinjection, but had no effect in low impulsive rats. These ex vivo and in vivo results suggest that enhanced SERT function in OFC underlies high impulsive choice behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Darna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jonathan J Chow
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Justin R Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - Richard J Charnigo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Joshua S Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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