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Palomino OM, Giordani V, Chowen J, Alfonso SF, Goya L. Physiological Doses of Oleic and Palmitic Acids Protect Human Endothelial Cells from Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:5217. [PMID: 36014457 PMCID: PMC9415781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proposed to be a pathogenic mechanism to induce endothelial dysfunction and the onset of cardiovascular disease. Elevated levels of free fatty acids can cause oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial uncoupling but, at physiological concentrations, they are essential for cell and tissue function and olive oil free fatty acids have proved to exhibit beneficial effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesize that realistic concentrations within the physiological range of oleic (OA) and palmitic (PA) acids could be beneficial in the prevention of oxidative stress in vascular endothelium. Hence, pre-treatment and co-treatment with realistic physiological doses of palmitic and oleic acids were tested on cultured endothelial cells submitted to a chemically induced oxidative stress to investigate their potential chemo-protective effect. Cell viability and markers of oxidative status: reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were evaluated. As a conclusion, the increased ROS generation induced by stress was significantly prevented by a pre- and co-treatment with PA or OA. Moreover, pre- and co-treatment of cells with FFAs recovered the stress-induced MDA concentration to control values and significantly recovered depleted GSH and normalized GPx and GR activities. Finally, pre- and co-treatment of cells with physiological concentrations of PA or OA in the low micromolar range conferred a substantial protection of cell viability against an oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Palomino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julie Chowen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Goya
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Science and Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN—CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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da Silva RO, Andrade VM, Bullé Rêgo ES, Azevedo Dória GA, Santos Lima BD, da Silva FA, de Souza Araújo AA, de Albuquerque Júnior RLC, Cordeiro Cardoso J, Zanardo Gomes M. Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of Brazilian red propolis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 170:66-71. [PMID: 25978955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis is a bee product widely used in folk medicine due to its numerous pharmacological properties. However, samples from different regions can differ in chemical composition, effectiveness, and side effects. Despite the widespread use of Brazilian red propolis, which is an isoflavone-rich variety, its toxicity has not been carefully studied. AIMS OF THE STUDY To assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of red propolis (HERP) administered orally to rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS HERP for the acute (300mg/kg) and sub-acute (10, 100 and 200mg/kg) toxicity studies was administered orally to rats according to OECD Guidelines 420 and 407, respectively. Clinical signs were identified, and hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Water and food uptake as well as body and organ weights of animals were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The acute study revealed no lethal effects at 300mg/kg of HERP, but toxic signs were observed, as HERP had an LD50 of more than 300mg/kg, indicating a warning. The most toxic signals in sub-acute studies were observed in males at a dose of 200mg/kg HERP. These results suggest estrogen-like activity, possibly from the isoflavones in HERP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester Seixas Bullé Rêgo
- Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Grace Anne Azevedo Dória
- Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Francilene Amaral da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Júnior
- Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Marechal Rondon Ave, Cidade Universitária, CEP 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cordeiro Cardoso
- Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Margarete Zanardo Gomes
- Tiradentes University, 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Research and Technology Institute (ITP), 300 Murilo Dantas Ave, Farolândia 49032-490 Aracaju, SE, Brazil.
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Peng B, Cao J, Yi S, Wang C, Zheng G, He Z. Inhibition of proliferation and induction of G1-phase cell-cycle arrest by dFMGEN, a novel genistein derivative, in lung carcinoma A549 cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:196-204. [PMID: 22931124 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.710620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a molecule of great interest as a potent chemopreventive agent against atherosclerosis and cancer. However, the bioavailability of GEN is very low in vivo. Our previous study showed that a GEN derivative, 7-difluoromethyl-5,4'-dimethoxygenistein (dFMGEN) has a better bioavailability than GEN in vivo. In this study, we further evaluated the efficacy of dFMGEN as a candidate for cancer therapy. We demonstrated that dFMGEN treatment decreased the viability of A549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced cell-cycle arrest at the G(1) phase. G(1) phase arrest was correlated with a significant reduction of Cdk4 and cyclin D1 protein level. Further studies showed that cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)4 and cyclin D1 protein-level decrease was caused by Cdk inhibitors p15, p21, and p27 level increase, and decreased protein level directly suppressed Rb protein phosphorylation and E2F-1 expression, then cell-cycle progression was arrested. Finally, we also found that dFMGEN has a dosage effect in suppressing tumor growth in vivo, and that dFMGEN was well tolerated by animals. In summary, our results suggest that dFMGEN has therapeutic potential for the treatment of human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Dias T, Mota-Filipe H, Liu B, Jones P, Houghton PJ, Paulo A. Recovery of oral glucose tolerance by Wistar rats after treatment with Coreopsis tinctoria infusion. Phytother Res 2010; 24:699-705. [PMID: 19827015 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Infusions of Coreopsis tinctoria flowering tops have traditionally been used in Portugal to control hyperglycaemia but no pharmacological or toxicological studies have been reported until now. The chalcones marein and okanin were isolated from the aqueous extract, together with the 2S-3',4',7,8-tetrahydroxyflavanone. The content of marein in extracts was determined by HPLC-UV and the radical scavenging capacity evaluated by the DPPH method (EC(50) = 21 microg/mL). Glucose intolerance was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in saline (40 mg/Kg). After three weeks of oral treatment with C. tinctoria extract (500 mg/Kg/day) the animals were no longer glucose-intolerant (p > 0.05). Additionally, this oral treatment caused no hepatotoxicity in the rats, as determined by blood alanine and aspartate transaminases. A single administration of extract had no effect on oral glucose tolerance in normal Wistar rats. The extract also had no effect on insulin secretion by MIN6 cells. In conclusion, C. tinctoria infusion is able to abolish the streptozotocin-induced glucose-intolerance in rats after three weeks of oral treatment by a mechanism other than induction of insulin secretion. The recovery of beta-pancreatic function mediated by an antioxidant mechanism is a possibility that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Dias
- i.Med-UL-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Li WG, Zhang XY, Wu YJ, Gao MT, Zheng RL. The relationship between structure and antioxidative activity of piperidine nitroxides. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 58:941-9. [PMID: 16805954 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.7.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have investigated the relationship between structure and antioxidative activity of piperidine nitroxides which were substituted by different groups at the 4-position. All of the tested piperidine nitroxides inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) generation caused either spontaneously or by a hydroxyl free radical generation system (Fe2+-ascorbic acid) in homogenates of liver, heart and kidney of rats, and antagonized H2O2-induced haemolysis from rat erythrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. The same rank was followed: Bis-(4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl) (4-BIS-Tempo) and 4-azido-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-N3-Tempo) >4-isothiocyanate-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-ISO-Tempo), 4-2′,4′-dinitrophenyl-hydrazone-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-D-Tempo), 4-sulfonate-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-S-Tempo) and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-NH2-Tempo) > 4-acetate ester-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinooxyl (4-A-Tempo) and 4-benzoate-2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl piperidinooxyl (4-B-Tempo). With the exception of 4-A-Tempo and 4-D-Tempo, the tested piperidine nitroxides inhibited superoxide anion (O2.-) release from neutrophils stimulated by zymosan. The concentration required for inhibiting O2.- release was higher than that of inhibiting MDA formation and haemolysis. However, 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine (4-NH2-TempH) and other 4-position substitutes, such as NaN3 and isothiocyanate, had no effects on MDA formation, haemolysis or O2.- release. The results indicated that nitroxides have a wide range of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) actions. The nitroxide moiety was the essential group while the 4-position substitutes could influence the activity of nitroxides on scavenging ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730 000, PR China
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Huang G, Liu Y, Chang H, Zhang X, Ren D, Wilson JX, Cao X. Effects of genistein on oxidative injury in endothelial cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 54:402-8. [PMID: 19001773 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.54.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that genistein protects vascular endothelial cells against the pro-atherosclerotic stressor, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), by inducing antioxidant enzymes and preventing apoptosis. Human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells (ECV 304) were incubated with genistein (10-100 micromol/L), the radical scavenging antioxidant vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol, 50 micromol/L), or vehicle for 24 h and then were incubated with ox-LDL for an additional 24 h. Subsequently, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, adhesion to monocytes, cell morphology, viability and apoptotic index were assessed. Ox-LDL decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in endothelial cells and caused lipid peroxidation, adhesion to monocytes, morphological injury and apoptosis (p<0.05). These effects were prevented by vitamin E and dose-dependently by genistein (p<0.05). Further, this effect of genistein is associated with maintenance of antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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Carvalho MGD, Silva VCD, Silva TMD, Camara CA, Braz-Filho R. New iodine derivatives of flavonol and isoflavone. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2009; 81:21-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of the flavonol 3,7,3', 4'-tetra-O-methylquercetin (1) and of the isoflavone 7,4'-di-O-methylgenistein (2) with alkaline iodine in methanol afforded four new iodine derivatives: 8-iodo-5-hydroxy-3,7,3', 4'-tetramethoxy- flavone (1a) and 6-iodo-5-hydroxy-3,7,3', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (1b) from 1; 2 afforded a mixture of two compounds, identified as a racemic mixture of (±)-trans-5-hydroxy-2,3,7,4'-tetramethoxy-8-iodo-isoflavanone (2a) and (±)-trans-5-hydroxy-2,3,7,4'-tetramethoxy-6,8-diiodo-isoflavanone (2b). The formation of these different products reveals a significant difference involving the chemical interaction between the reactive site of α, β-unsaturated ketones of flavonol and isoflavone under the tested reaction conditions (using I2/KOH/MeOH). Furthermore, the trans stereo selectivity is noteworthy in the nucleophylic addition of methanol at the isoflavone α, β-unsaturated system. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Brasil
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