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Mealey KL, Burke NS, Villarino NF, Court MH, Heusser JP. Application of eprinomectin-containing parasiticides at label doses causes neurological toxicosis in cats homozygous for ABCB11930_1931del TC. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:226-230. [PMID: 38366723 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The feline MDR1 mutation (ABCB11930_1931delTC) has been associated with neurological toxicosis after topical application of eprinomectin products labeled for feline use. Information was collected from veterinarians who submitted samples for ABCB11930_1931delTC genotyping. In most cases, the submission form indicated an adverse event involving eprinomectin, in other cases submitting veterinarians were contacted to determine whether the patient had experienced an adverse drug event involving eprinomectin. If so, additional information was obtained to determine whether the case met inclusion criteria. 14 cases were highly consistent with eprinomectin toxicosis. Eight cats were homozygous for ABCB11930_1931del TC (3 died; 5 recovered). Six cats were homozygous wildtype (2 died; 4 recovered). The observed ABCB11930_1931delTC frequency (57%) was higher than the expected frequency (≤1%) in the feline population (Fisher Exact test, p < 0.01). Among wildtype cats, four were concurrently treated with potential competitive inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Results indicate that topical eprinomectin products, should be avoided in cats homozygous for ABCB11930_1931delTC. This is a serious, preventable adverse event occurring in an identifiable subpopulation treated with FDA-approved products in accordance with label directions. Acquired P-glycoprotein deficiency resulting from drug interactions may enhance susceptibility to eprinomectin-induced neurological toxicosis in any cat, regardless of ABCB1 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Mealey
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Neal S Burke
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nicolas F Villarino
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michael H Court
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer P Heusser
- Program in Individualized Medicine (PrIMe), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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2
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Eedara BB, Nyavanandi D, Narala S, Veerareddy PR, Bandari S. Improved Dissolution Rate and Intestinal Absorption of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride by the Preparation of Solid Dispersions: In Vitro and In Situ Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030310. [PMID: 33673703 PMCID: PMC7997449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to enhance dissolution and permeation of a low soluble, absorbable fexofenadine hydrochloride (FFH) by preparing solid dispersions using polyethylene glycol 20,000 (PEG 20,000) and poloxamer 188 as carriers. The phase solubility measurement for the supplied FFH revealed a linear increase in the solubility of fexofenadine with increasing carrier concentration in water (1.45 mg/mL to 11.78 mg/mL with 0% w/v to 30% w/v PEG 20,000; 1.45 mg/mL to 12.27 mg/mL with 0% w/v to 30% w/v poloxamer 188). To select the appropriate drug carrier concentration, a series of solid dispersions were prepared in the drug carrier weight ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 by fusion method. The solid dispersions composed of drug carrier at 1:4 weight ratio showed highest dissolution with the time required for the release of 50% of the drug <15 min compared to the supplied FFH (>120 min). The intestinal absorption study presented a significant improvement in the absorption of drug from the solid dispersions composed of poloxamer 188 than PEG 20,000. In summary, the solid dispersions of FFH prepared using PEG 20,000 and poloxamer 188 demonstrated improved dissolution and absorption than supplied FFH and could be used to improve the oral bioavailability of fexofenadine.
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3
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Al-Ali AAA, Nielsen RB, Steffansen B, Holm R, Nielsen CU. Nonionic surfactants modulate the transport activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and solute carriers (SLC): Relevance to oral drug absorption. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:410-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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4
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Villanueva S, Zhang W, Zecchinati F, Mottino A, Vore M. ABC Transporters in Extrahepatic Tissues: Pharmacological Regulation in Heart and Intestine. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1155-1184. [PMID: 29589524 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180327092639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane proteins expressed in secretory epithelia like the liver, kidneys and intestine, in the epithelia exhibiting barrier function such as the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and to a much lesser extent, in tissues like reproductive organs, lungs, heart and pancreas, among others. They regulate internal distribution of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics including drugs of therapeutic use and also participate in their elimination from the body. We here describe the function and regulation of ABC transporters in the heart and small intestine, as examples of extrahepatic tissues, in which ABC proteins play clearly different roles. In the heart, they are involved in tissue pathogenesis as well as in protecting this organ against toxic compounds and druginduced oxidative stress. The small intestine is highly exposed to therapeutic drugs taken orally and, consequently, ABC transporters localized on its surface strongly influence drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. Examples of the ABC proteins currently described are Multidrug Resistance-associated Proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1 and 2) for heart and small intestine, respectively, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) for both organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Villanueva
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, United States
| | - Felipe Zecchinati
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Aldo Mottino
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mary Vore
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, United States
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5
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Sawangrat K, Morishita M, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Effects of Various Pharmaceutical Excipients on the Intestinal Transport and Absorption of Sulfasalazine, a Typical Substrate of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Transporter. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2946-2956. [PMID: 30053556 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) transporter is an efflux transporter that utilizes energy from adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis to push its substrates, regardless of the concentration gradient. Its presence on the apical membrane of the intestinal mucosa is a major obstacle for the intestinal absorption of its substrates. In this study, we examined the effects of various pharmaceutical excipients on the intestinal transport and absorption of sulfasalazine, a BCRP substrate. Four excipients, including 0.05% and 0.075% BL-9EX, 0.01% and 0.05% Brij 97, 0.075% Labrasol, and 0.05% and 0.1% Tween 20 decreased the secretory transport of sulfasalazine in an in vitro diffusion chamber. Further investigation in an in situ closed loop experiment in rats showed that 0.05% and 0.1% BL-9EX and 0.1% Brij 97 effectively enhanced the intestinal absorption of sulfasalazine while maintaining minimal toxicity to the intestinal mucosa. However, 0.1% Brij 97 also increased the intestinal absorption of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, a paracellular marker compound. These findings suggest that BL-9EX might effectively inhibit the BCRP-mediated efflux of sulfasalazine in vivo, indicating that BL-9EX could improve the intestinal absorption of sulfasalazine and other BCRP substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasirawat Sawangrat
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Porat D, Dahan A. Active intestinal drug absorption and the solubility-permeability interplay. Int J Pharm 2017; 537:84-93. [PMID: 29102702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The solubility-permeability interplay deals with the question: what is the concomitant effect on the drug's apparent permeability when increasing the apparent solubility with a solubility-enabling formulation? The solubility and the permeability are closely related, exhibit certain interplay between them, and ongoing research throughout the past decade shows that treating the one irrespectively of the other may be insufficient. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the solubility-permeability interplay when using solubility-enabling formulations for oral lipophilic drugs, highlighting active permeability aspects. A solubility-enabling formulation may affect the permeability in opposite directions; the passive permeability may decrease as a result of the apparent solubility increase, according to the solubility-permeability tradeoff, but at the same time, certain components of the formulation may inhibit/saturate efflux transporters (when relevant), resulting in significant apparent permeability increase. In these cases, excipients with both solubilizing and e.g. P-gp inhibitory properties may lead to concomitant increase of both the solubility and the permeability. Intelligent development of such formulation will account for the simultaneous effects of the excipients' nature/concentrations on the two arms composing the overall permeability: the passive and the active arms. Overall, thorough mechanistic understanding of the various factors involved in the solubility-permeability interplay may allow developing better solubility-enabling formulations, thereby exploiting the advantages analyzed in this article, offering oral delivery solution even for BCS class IV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Porat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Arik Dahan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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7
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Alqahtani MS, Islam MS, Podaralla S, Kaushik RS, Reineke J, Woyengo T, Perumal O. Food Protein Based Core–Shell Nanocarriers for Oral Drug Delivery: Effect of Shell Composition on in Vitro and in Vivo Functional Performance of Zein Nanocarriers. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:757-769. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ∥Department of Biology and Microbiology/Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, and ⊥Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - M. Saiful Islam
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ∥Department of Biology and Microbiology/Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, and ⊥Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Satheesh Podaralla
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ∥Department of Biology and Microbiology/Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, and ⊥Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Radhey S. Kaushik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ∥Department of Biology and Microbiology/Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, and ⊥Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Joshua Reineke
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ∥Department of Biology and Microbiology/Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, and ⊥Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Tofuko Woyengo
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ∥Department of Biology and Microbiology/Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, and ⊥Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Omathanu Perumal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ∥Department of Biology and Microbiology/Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, and ⊥Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
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8
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Effects of 2 Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Ethers on the Function of Intestinal P-glycoprotein and Their Inhibitory Mechanisms. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3668-3679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Zhao W, Uehera S, Tanaka K, Tadokoro S, Kusamori K, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. Effects of Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Ethers on the Intestinal Transport and Absorption of Rhodamine 123: A P-glycoprotein Substrate by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1526-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhong Q, Li X, Gao P, Feng C, Chu Q, Chen Y, Liu D. In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory potential of pharmaceutical excipients on human carboxylesterase 1A and 2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93819. [PMID: 24699684 PMCID: PMC3974814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major forms of human carboxylesterase (CES), CES1A and CES2, dominate the pharmacokinetics of most prodrugs such as imidapril and irinotecan (CPT-11). Excipients, largely used as insert vehicles in formulation, have been recently reported to affect drug enzyme activity. The influence of excipients on the activity of CES remains undefined. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 25 excipients on the activities of CES1A1 and CES2 were evaluated. Imidapril and CPT-11 were used as substrates and cultured with liver microsomes in vitro. Imidapril hydrolase activities of recombinant CES1A1 and human liver microsomes (HLM) were strongly inhibited by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (RH40) [Inhibition constant (Ki) = 0.04 ± 0.01 μg/ml and 0.20 ± 0.09 μg/ml for CES1A1, and 0.12 ± 0.03 μg/ml and 0.76 ± 0.33 μg/ml, respectively, for HLM]. The enzyme hydrolase activity of recombinant CES2 was substantially inhibited by Tween 20 and polyoxyl 35 castor oil (EL35) (K(i) = 0.93 ± 0.36 μg/ml and 4.4 ± 1.24 μg/ml, respectively). Thus, these results demonstrate that surfactants such as SLS, RH40, Tween 20 and EL35 may attenuate the CES activity; such inhibition should be taken into consideration during drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaoni Zhong
- Hubei Pharmaceutical Industry Research Institute Co. Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengyang Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji hospital, Tongji medical school, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Sosnik A. Reversal of multidrug resistance by the inhibition of ATP-binding cassette pumps employing "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) nanopharmaceuticals: A review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1828-51. [PMID: 24055628 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pumps of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily (ABCs) regulate the access of drugs to the intracellular space. In this context, the overexpression of ABCs is a well-known mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer and infectious diseases (e.g., viral hepatitis and the human immunodeficiency virus) and is associated with therapeutic failure. Since their discovery, ABCs have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets and the search of compounds that inhibit their genetic expression and/or their functional activity has gained growing interest. Different generations of pharmacological ABC inhibitors have been explored over the last four decades to address resistance in cancer, though clinical results have been somehow disappointing. "Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration designation for substances that are accepted as safe for addition in food. Far from being "inert", some amphiphilic excipients used in the production of pharmaceutical products have been shown to inhibit the activity of ABCs in MDR tumors, emerging as a clinically translatable approach to overcome resistance. The present article initially overviews the classification, structure and function of the different ABCs, with emphasis on those pumps related to drug resistance. Then, the different attempts to capitalize on the activity of GRAS nanopharmaceuticals as ABC inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sosnik
- The Group of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Improved Medicines (BIONIMED), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Science Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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12
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Insights in the chemical components of liposomes responsible for P-glycoprotein inhibition. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:77-87. [PMID: 23850894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this work we investigated how the surface charge and the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on liposome carriers affect the delivery of the encapsulated doxorubicin in P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-overexpressing cells. We found that neutral net charge was critical to favour the liposome uptake and decrease the Vmax of doxorubicin efflux. PEG-coating was necessary to increase the Km of doxorubicin for Pgp. In particular the PEGylated phospholipid present in neutral liposomes, i.e. PEGylated distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE-PEG), was a Pgp allosteric inhibitor, increased doxorubicin Km and inhibited Pgp ATPase activity. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments suggested that the domain centred around glycine 185 of Pgp was necessary for these inhibitory properties of DSPE-PEG and PEGylated neutral liposomes. We conclude that both surface charge and PEGylation must be considered to optimize the doxorubicin delivery within chemoresistant cells. DSPE-PEG-enriched particles may represent promising tools for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in tissues with high levels of Pgp. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR These authors investigated how surface charge and PEGylation of liposome carriers affect the delivery of encapsulated doxorubicin to Pgp-overexpressing cells, concluding that both factors need to be considered in order to optimize doxorubicin delivery to chemoresistant cells.
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13
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Alqahtani S, Mohamed LA, Kaddoumi A. Experimental models for predicting drug absorption and metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1241-54. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.802772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Impact of Excipient Interactions on Drug Bioavailability from Solid Dosage Forms. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2639-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Lassoued MA, Sfar S, Bouraoui A, Khemiss F. Absorption enhancement studies of clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate in rat everted gut sacs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:541-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Clopidogrel, a thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, is a poor aqueous soluble compound and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump substrate. These two factors are responsible for its incomplete intestinal absorption. In this study, we have attempted to enhance the absorption of clopidogrel by improving its solubility and by inhibiting intestinal P-gp activity.
Methods
Solubility enhancement was achieved by preparing solid dispersions. Quinidine and naringin were selected as P-gp inhibitors, whilst tartaric acid was selected as the intestinal absorption enhancer. Absorption studies were performed using the everted gut sac model prepared from rat jejunum. The determination of clopidogrel was performed by high performance liquid chromatography.
Key findings
We noticed an enhancement of clopidogrel absorption by improving its solubility or by inhibiting the P-gp activity. The greatest results were obtained for solid dispersions in the presence of P-gp inhibitors at their highest concentrations, with an absorption improvement of 3.41- and 3.91-fold for naringin (15 mg/kg) and quinidine (200 µm), respectively. However, no clopidogrel absorption enhancement occurred in the presence of tartaric acid.
Conclusions
Naringin, a natural compound which has no undesirable side effects as compared with quinidine, could be used as a pharmaceutical excipient in the presence of clopidogrel solid dispersions to increase clopidogrel intestinal absorption and therefore its oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Souad Sfar
- Laboratory of Galenic Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abderrahman Bouraoui
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Research Unit URSAM, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fathia Khemiss
- Laboratory of Human Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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17
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Effects of borneol on the intestinal transport and absorption of two P-glycoprotein substrates in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1161-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Nishimura N, Uemura T, Iwamoto K, Naora K. Change in tolbutamide permeability in rat jejunum and Caco-2 cells by Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese traditional medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:651-7. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.05.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Cheng J, Wu ZH, Ping QN, Wang B, Lu J. The absorption characteristics of bifendate solid dispersion in rat intestinal tissue. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903140571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hamid KA, Lin Y, Gao Y, Katsumi H, Sakane T, Yamamoto A. The Effect of Wellsolve, a Novel Solubilizing Agent, on the Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Absorption of Griseofulvin in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1898-905. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khuriah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MARA University of Technology
| | - Yulian Lin
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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