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Fan J, Guo C, Liao D, Ke H, Lei J, Xie W, Tang Y, Tominaga M, Huang Z, Lei X. Structural Pharmacology of TRPV4 Antagonists. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401583. [PMID: 38659239 PMCID: PMC11220649 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The nonselective calcium-permeable Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member4 (TRPV4) channel regulates various physiological activities. Dysfunction of TRPV4 is linked to many severe diseases, including edema, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, lung diseases, and inherited neurodegeneration. Emerging TRPV4 antagonists show potential clinical benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms of TRPV4 antagonism remain poorly understood. Here, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human TRPV4 are presented in-complex with two potent antagonists, revealing the detailed binding pockets and regulatory mechanisms of TRPV4 gating. Both antagonists bind to the voltage-sensing-like domain (VSLD) and stabilize the channel in closed states. These two antagonists induce TRPV4 to undergo an apparent fourfold to twofold symmetry transition. Moreover, it is demonstrated that one of the antagonists binds to the VSLD extended pocket, which differs from the canonical VSLD pocket. Complemented with functional and molecular dynamics simulation results, this study provides crucial mechanistic insights into TRPV4 regulation by small-molecule antagonists, which may facilitate future drug discovery targeting TRPV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Chang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | | | - Han Ke
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jing Lei
- Division of Cell SignalingNational Institute for Physiological SciencesThermal Biology GroupExploratory Research Center on Life and Living SystemsNational Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazaki444‐8787Japan
| | - Wenjun Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yuliang Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell SignalingNational Institute for Physiological SciencesThermal Biology GroupExploratory Research Center on Life and Living SystemsNational Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazaki444‐8787Japan
- Nagoya Advanced Research and Developmet CenterNagoya City UniversityNagoya467‐8601Japan
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
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2
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Sullivan JM, Bagnell AM, Alevy J, Avila EM, Mihaljević L, Saavedra-Rivera PC, Kong L, Huh JS, McCray BA, Aisenberg WH, Zuberi AR, Bogdanik L, Lutz CM, Qiu Z, Quinlan KA, Searson PC, Sumner CJ. Gain-of-function mutations of TRPV4 acting in endothelial cells drive blood-CNS barrier breakdown and motor neuron degeneration in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk1358. [PMID: 38776392 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Blood-CNS barrier disruption is a hallmark of numerous neurological disorders, yet whether barrier breakdown is sufficient to trigger neurodegenerative disease remains unresolved. Therapeutic strategies to mitigate barrier hyperpermeability are also limited. Dominant missense mutations of the cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cause forms of hereditary motor neuron disease. To gain insights into the cellular basis of these disorders, we generated knock-in mouse models of TRPV4 channelopathy by introducing two disease-causing mutations (R269C and R232C) into the endogenous mouse Trpv4 gene. TRPV4 mutant mice exhibited weakness, early lethality, and regional motor neuron loss. Genetic deletion of the mutant Trpv4 allele from endothelial cells (but not neurons, glia, or muscle) rescued these phenotypes. Symptomatic mutant mice exhibited focal disruptions of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity, associated with a gain of function of mutant TRPV4 channel activity in neural vascular endothelial cells (NVECs) and alterations of NVEC tight junction structure. Systemic administration of a TRPV4-specific antagonist abrogated channel-mediated BSCB impairments and provided a marked phenotypic rescue of symptomatic mutant mice. Together, our findings show that mutant TRPV4 channels can drive motor neuron degeneration in a non-cell autonomous manner by precipitating focal breakdown of the BSCB. Further, these data highlight the reversibility of TRPV4-mediated BSCB impairments and identify a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with TRPV4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna M Bagnell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan Alevy
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elvia Mena Avila
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ljubica Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Lingling Kong
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer S Huh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brett A McCray
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William H Aisenberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zhaozhu Qiu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katharina A Quinlan
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Chen H, Sun C, Zheng Y, Yin J, Gao M, Zhao C, Lin J. A TRPV4 mutation caused Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C with scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy overlap syndrome and scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy in one family: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:250. [PMID: 37391745 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2C (CMT2C) and scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy (SPSMA) are different clinical phenotypes of TRPV4 mutation. The mutation of p.R316C has been reported to cause CMT2C and SPSMA separately. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we reported a Chinese family harboring the same p.R316C variant, but with an overlap syndrome and different clinical manifestations. A 58-year-old man presented with severe scapula muscle atrophy, resulting in sloping shoulders. He also exhibited distinct muscle atrophy in his four limbs, particularly in the lower limbs. The sural nerve biopsy revealed severe loss of myelinated nerve fibers with scattered regenerating clusters and pseudo-onion bulbs. Nerve conduction study showed axon damage in both motor and sensory nerves. Sensory nerve action potentials could not be evoked in bilateral sural or superficial peroneal nerves. He was diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C and scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy overlap syndrome, whereas his 27-year-old son was born with clubfoot and clinodactyly. Electromyogram examination indicated chronic neurogenic changes and anterior horn cells involvement. Although there was no obvious weakness or sensory symptoms, early SPSMA could be considered for him. CONCLUSIONS A literature review of the clinical characteristics in CMT2C and SPSMA patients with TRPV4 mutation suggested that our case was distinct due to the overlap syndrome and phenotype variation. Altogether, this case broadened the phenotype spectrum and provided the nerve biopsy pathological details of TRPV4-related neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yongsheng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Junxiong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingshi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Center for Neurological Diseases, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Rd, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Zambon AA, Pini V, Bosco L, Falzone YM, Munot P, Muntoni F, Previtali SC. Early onset hereditary neuronopathies: an update on non-5q motor neuron diseases. Brain 2022; 146:806-822. [PMID: 36445400 PMCID: PMC9976982 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies (HMN) were first defined as a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by lower motor neuron dysfunction, slowly progressive length-dependent distal muscle weakness and atrophy, without sensory involvement. Their cumulative estimated prevalence is 2.14/100 000 and, to date, around 30 causative genes have been identified with autosomal dominant, recessive,and X-linked inheritance. Despite the advances of next generation sequencing, more than 60% of patients with HMN remain genetically uncharacterized. Of note, we are increasingly aware of the broad range of phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in the same gene and of the considerable clinical and genetic overlap between HMN and other conditions, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (axonal), spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremities predominance, neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Considering that most HMN present during childhood, in this review we primarily aim to summarize key clinical features of paediatric forms, including recent data on novel phenotypes, to help guide differential diagnosis and genetic testing. Second, we describe newly identified causative genes and molecular mechanisms, and discuss how the discovery of these is changing the paradigm through which we approach this group of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Zambon
- Correspondence to: Alberto A. Zambon Neuromuscular Repair Unit InSpe and Division of Neuroscience IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy E-mail:
| | - Veronica Pini
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Luca Bosco
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri M Falzone
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pinki Munot
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, WC1N 1EH, UK,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Aisenberg WH, McCray BA, Sullivan JM, Diehl E, DeVine LR, Alevy J, Bagnell AM, Carr P, Donohue JK, Goretzki B, Cole RN, Hellmich UA, Sumner CJ. Multiubiquitination of TRPV4 reduces channel activity independent of surface localization. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101826. [PMID: 35300980 PMCID: PMC9010760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated regulation of plasmalemmal ion channel activity canonically occurs via stimulation of endocytosis. Whether ubiquitination can modulate channel activity by alternative mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we show that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel is multiubiquitinated within its cytosolic N-terminal and C-terminal intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Mutagenizing select lysine residues to block ubiquitination of the N-terminal but not C-terminal IDR resulted in a marked elevation of TRPV4-mediated intracellular calcium influx, without increasing cell surface expression levels. Conversely, enhancing TRPV4 ubiquitination via expression of an E3 Ub ligase reduced TRPV4 channel activity but did not decrease plasma membrane abundance. These results demonstrate Ub-dependent regulation of TRPV4 channel function independent of effects on plasma membrane localization. Consistent with ubiquitination playing a key negative modulatory role of the channel, gain-of-function neuropathy-causing mutations in the TRPV4 gene led to reduced channel ubiquitination in both cellular and Drosophila models of TRPV4 neuropathy, whereas increasing mutant TRPV4 ubiquitination partially suppressed channel overactivity. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism via which ubiquitination of an intracellular flexible IDR domain modulates ion channel function independently of endocytic trafficking and identify a contributory role for this pathway in the dysregulation of TRPV4 channel activity by neuropathy-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Aisenberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brett A McCray
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy M Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erika Diehl
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lauren R DeVine
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Alevy
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna M Bagnell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrice Carr
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack K Donohue
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benedikt Goretzki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence 'Balance of the Microverse', Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert N Cole
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence 'Balance of the Microverse', Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence 'Balance of the Microverse', Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Taga A, Peyton MA, Goretzki B, Gallagher TQ, Ritter A, Harper A, Crawford TO, Hellmich UA, Sumner CJ, McCray BA. TRPV4 mutations causing mixed neuropathy and skeletal phenotypes result in severe gain of function. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:375-391. [PMID: 35170874 PMCID: PMC8935273 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distinct dominant mutations in the calcium-permeable ion channel TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) typically cause nonoverlapping diseases of either the neuromuscular or skeletal systems. However, accumulating evidence suggests that some patients develop mixed phenotypes that include elements of both neuromuscular and skeletal disease. We sought to define the genetic and clinical features of these patients. METHODS We report a 2-year-old with a novel R616G mutation in TRPV4 with a severe neuropathy phenotype and bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Interestingly, a different substitution at the same residue, R616Q, has been reported in families with isolated skeletal dysplasia. To gain insight into clinical features and potential genetic determinants of mixed phenotypes, we perform in-depth analysis of previously reported patients along with functional and structural assessment of selected mutations. RESULTS We describe a wide range of neuromuscular and skeletal manifestations and highlight specific mutations that are more frequently associated with overlap syndromes. We find that mutations causing severe, mixed phenotypes have an earlier age of onset and result in more marked elevations of intracellular calcium, increased cytotoxicity, and reduced sensitivity to TRPV4 antagonism. Structural analysis of the two mutations with the most dramatic gain of ion channel function suggests that these mutants likely cause constitutive channel opening through disruption of the TRPV4 S5 transmembrane domain. INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate that the degree of baseline calcium elevation correlates with development of mixed phenotypes and sensitivity to pharmacologic channel inhibition, observations that will be critical for the design of future clinical trials for TRPV4 channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arens Taga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Margo A Peyton
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Benedikt Goretzki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Thomas Q Gallagher
- Departments of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery & Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, and Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia, 23508, USA
| | - Ann Ritter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA
| | - Amy Harper
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, 23298, USA
| | - Thomas O Crawford
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Charlotte J Sumner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Brett A McCray
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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Maggi L, Bonanno S, Altamura C, Desaphy JF. Ion Channel Gene Mutations Causing Skeletal Muscle Disorders: Pathomechanisms and Opportunities for Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061521. [PMID: 34208776 PMCID: PMC8234207 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle ion channelopathies (SMICs) are a large heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channel subunits in the skeletal muscle mainly characterized by myotonia or periodic paralysis, potentially resulting in long-term disabilities. However, with the development of new molecular technologies, new genes and new phenotypes, including progressive myopathies, have been recently discovered, markedly increasing the complexity in the field. In this regard, new advances in SMICs show a less conventional role of ion channels in muscle cell division, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Hence, SMICs represent an expanding and exciting field. Here, we review current knowledge of SMICs, with a description of their clinical phenotypes, cellular and molecular pathomechanisms, and available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Bonanno
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Concetta Altamura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.A.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.A.); (J.-F.D.)
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8
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Neuropathy-causing TRPV4 mutations disrupt TRPV4-RhoA interactions and impair neurite extension. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1444. [PMID: 33664271 PMCID: PMC7933254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV4 is a cell surface-expressed calcium-permeable cation channel that mediates cell-specific effects on cellular morphology and function. Dominant missense mutations of TRPV4 cause distinct, tissue-specific diseases, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Mutations causing peripheral neuropathy localize to the intracellular N-terminal domain whereas skeletal dysplasia mutations are in multiple domains. Using an unbiased screen, we identified the cytoskeletal remodeling GTPase RhoA as a TRPV4 interactor. TRPV4-RhoA binding occurs via the TRPV4 N-terminal domain, resulting in suppression of TRPV4 channel activity, inhibition of RhoA activation, and extension of neurites in vitro. Neuropathy but not skeletal dysplasia mutations disrupt TRPV4-RhoA binding and cytoskeletal outgrowth. However, inhibition of RhoA restores neurite length in vitro and in a fly model of TRPV4 neuropathy. Together these results identify RhoA as a critical mediator of TRPV4-induced cell structure changes and suggest that disruption of TRPV4-RhoA binding may contribute to tissue-specific toxicity of TRPV4 neuropathy mutations. TRPV4 dominant mutations cause neuropathy. Here, the authors show that TRPV4 binds and interacts with RhoA, modulating the actin cytoskeleton. Neuropathy-causing mutations of TRPV4 disrupt this complex, leading to RhoA activation and impairment of neurite extension in cultured cells and flies.
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9
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Beijer D, Baets J. The expanding genetic landscape of hereditary motor neuropathies. Brain 2021; 143:3540-3563. [PMID: 33210134 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies are clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. Although currently as many as 26 causal genes are known, there is considerable missing heritability compared to other inherited neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Intriguingly, this genetic landscape spans a discrete number of key biological processes within the peripheral nerve. Also, in terms of underlying pathophysiology, hereditary motor neuropathies show striking overlap with several other neuromuscular and neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a current overview of the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor neuropathies highlighting recent reports of novel genes and mutations or recent discoveries in the underlying disease mechanisms. In addition, we link hereditary motor neuropathies with various related disorders by addressing the main affected pathways of disease divided into five major processes: axonal transport, tRNA aminoacylation, RNA metabolism and DNA integrity, ion channels and transporters and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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10
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Liu Y, Yan X, Chen Y, He Z, Ouyang Y. Novel TRPV4 mutation in a large Chinese family with congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy, skeletal dysplasia and scaly skin. J Neurol Sci 2020; 419:117153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Feng X, Takayama Y, Ohno N, Kanda H, Dai Y, Sokabe T, Tominaga M. Increased TRPV4 expression in non-myelinating Schwann cells is associated with demyelination after sciatic nerve injury. Commun Biol 2020; 3:716. [PMID: 33247229 PMCID: PMC7695724 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel that is widely expressed and activated in various neurons and glial cells in the nervous system. Schwann cells (SCs) are primary glia cells that wrap around axons to form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system. However, whether TRPV4 is expressed and functions in SCs is unclear. Here, we demonstrate functional expression of TRPV4 in mouse SCs and investigated its physiological significance. Deletion of TRPV4 did not affect normal myelin development for SCs in sciatic nerves in mice. However, after sciatic nerve cut injury, TRPV4 expression levels were remarkably increased in SCs following nerve demyelination. Ablation of TRPV4 expression impaired the demyelinating process after nerve injury, resulting in delayed remyelination and functional recovery of sciatic nerves. These results suggest that local activation of TRPV4 could be an attractive pharmacological target for therapeutic intervention after peripheral nerve injury. Feng et al. report that TRPV4 plays an important role in Schwann cells (SCs) during nerve demyelination and remyelination in mice. Using sciatic nerve cut injury mouse models, they find that TRPV4 expression is remarkably increased in demyelinating SCs during sciatic nerve injury; and ablation of TRPV4 expression impairs the demyelinating process after nerve injury, resulting in their delayed remyelination and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Feng
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hirosato Kanda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sokabe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan. .,Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. .,Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Japan.
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12
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TRPV4 disrupts mitochondrial transport and causes axonal degeneration via a CaMKII-dependent elevation of intracellular Ca 2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2679. [PMID: 32471994 PMCID: PMC7260201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is one of the few identified ion channels that can directly cause inherited neurodegeneration syndromes, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that in vivo expression of a neuropathy-causing TRPV4 mutant (TRPV4R269C) causes dose-dependent neuronal dysfunction and axonal degeneration, which are rescued by genetic or pharmacological blockade of TRPV4 channel activity. TRPV4R269C triggers increased intracellular Ca2+ through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated mechanism, and CaMKII inhibition prevents both increased intracellular Ca2+ and neurotoxicity in Drosophila and cultured primary mouse neurons. Importantly, TRPV4 activity impairs axonal mitochondrial transport, and TRPV4-mediated neurotoxicity is modulated by the Ca2+-binding mitochondrial GTPase Miro. Our data highlight an integral role for CaMKII in neuronal TRPV4-associated Ca2+ responses, the importance of tightly regulated Ca2+ dynamics for mitochondrial axonal transport, and the therapeutic promise of TRPV4 antagonists for patients with TRPV4-related neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in the TRPV4 channel cause inherited neurodegeneration syndromes, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here the authors reveal that TRPV4 activation causes dose-dependent, CaMKII-mediated neuronal dysfunction and axonal degeneration via disruption of mitochondrial axonal transport.
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Velilla J, Marchetti MM, Toth-Petroczy A, Grosgogeat C, Bennett AH, Carmichael N, Estrella E, Darras BT, Frank NY, Krier J, Gaudet R, Gupta VA. Homozygous TRPV4 mutation causes congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy and arthrogryposis. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e312. [PMID: 31041394 PMCID: PMC6454305 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective To identify the genetic cause of disease in a form of congenital spinal muscular atrophy and arthrogryposis (CSMAA). Methods A 2-year-old boy was diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, severe skeletal abnormalities, torticollis, vocal cord paralysis, and diminished lower limb movement. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband and family members. In silico modeling of protein structure and heterologous protein expression and cytotoxicity assays were performed to validate pathogenicity of the identified variant. Results WES revealed a homozygous mutation in the TRPV4 gene (c.281C>T; p.S94L). The identification of a recessive mutation in TRPV4 extends the spectrum of mutations in recessive forms of the TRPV4-associated disease. p.S94L and other previously identified TRPV4 variants in different protein domains were compared in structural modeling and functional studies. In silico structural modeling suggests that the p.S94L mutation is in the disordered N-terminal region proximal to important regulatory binding sites for phosphoinositides and for PACSIN3, which could lead to alterations in trafficking and/or channel sensitivity. Functional studies by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis show that p.S94L increased TRPV4 activity-based cytotoxicity and resultant decreased TRPV4 expression levels, therefore involves a gain-of-function mechanism. Conclusions This study identifies a novel homozygous mutation in TRPV4 as a cause of the recessive form of CSMAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Velilla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Michael Mario Marchetti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Agnes Toth-Petroczy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Claire Grosgogeat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Alexis H Bennett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Nikkola Carmichael
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Elicia Estrella
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Joel Krier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
| | - Vandana A Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (J.V., R.G.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Division of Genetics (M.M.M., A.T.-P., C.G., A.H.B., N.C., B.T.D., N.Y.F., J.K., V.A.G.), Brigham Genomic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Genetics (E.E.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Division of Neurology (B.T.D.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA
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Chatrath A, Kiran M, Kumar P, Ratan A, Dutta A. The Germline Variants rs61757955 and rs34988193 Are Predictive of Survival in Lower Grade Glioma Patients. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1075-1086. [PMID: 30651372 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lower grade gliomas are invasive brain tumors that are difficult to completely resect neurosurgically. They often recur following resection and progress, resulting in death. Although previous studies have shown that specific germline variants increase the risk of tumor formation, no previous study has screened many germline variants to identify variants predictive of survival in patients with glioma. In this study, we present an approach to identify the small fraction of prognostic germline variants from the pool of over four million variants that we variant called in The Cancer Genome Atlas whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing datasets. We identified two germline variants that are predictive of poor patient outcomes by Cox regression, controlling for eleven covariates. rs61757955 is a germline variant found in the 3' UTR of GRB2 associated with increased KRAS signaling, CIC mutations, and 1p/19q codeletion. rs34988193 is a germline variant found in the tumor suppressor gene ANKDD1a that causes an amino acid change from lysine to glutamate. This variant was found to be predictive of poor prognosis in two independent lower grade glioma datasets and is predicted to be within the top 0.06% of deleterious mutations across the human genome. The wild-type residue is conserved in all 22 other species with a homologous protein. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first study presenting an approach to screening many germline variants to identify variants predictive of survival and our application of this methodology revealed the germline variants rs61757955 and rs34988193 as being predictive of survival in patients with lower grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chatrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Manjari Kiran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Faye E, Modaff P, Pauli R, Legare J. Combined Phenotypes of Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia-Kozlowski Type and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2C Secondary to a TRPV4 Pathogenic Variant. Mol Syndromol 2018; 10:154-160. [PMID: 31191204 DOI: 10.1159/000495778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV4, a nonselective calcium permeable ion channel, is expressed broadly in many organs including bone and neurons. Pathogenic variants in TRPV4 are known to cause both a spectrum of skeletal dysplasias and neuropathies. Recent publications have documented a few patients who have a combined phenotype of skeletal dysplasia and neuropathy secondary to TRPV4 pathogenic variants. We present an additional patient who has an overlapping neuromuscular and skeletal phenotype secondary to a TRPV4 pathogenic variant. The patient has spondylometaphyseal dysplasia-Kozlowski type and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C. This and prior reports illustrate that TRPV4-related skeletal dysplasias and TRPV4-related neuropathies are not fully distinct disorders secondary to unique sets of pathogenic variants as originally postulated, but rather are 2 phenotypes on the same spectrum that may or may not overlap. We suggest that evaluation for patients presenting with any TRPV4-related disorder include assessment for both skeletal and neurological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Faye
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peggy Modaff
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard Pauli
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Janet Legare
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Abstract
The current issue of Neurology® Genetics emphasizes the unparalleled role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in defining an expanding spectrum of genetic neurologic disorders. Clinically, NGS encompasses the use of large gene panels, whole-exome sequencing (WES), or whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The impact of NGS technology is twofold. First, researchers have discovered novel genes as the cause of neurologic disorders. This research includes the efforts of Martikainen et al.(1) to define further the phenotype of a previously reported SNCA mutation that is associated with autosomal dominant Parkinson disease. Second and more common is the connection of novel phenotypes with previously described genes. Several articles in the current issue highlight the role of NGS in this effort. For example, Schottman et al.(2) identified REEP1 mutations as the cause of a severe axonal neuropathy with a spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress (SMARD) phenotype. This gene was previously associated with a hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotype. Similarly, Shieh et al.(3) expand the phenotype associated with mutations in L1CAM to a neuronal migration phenotype.
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