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Salih M, Taussky P, Ogilvy CS. Association between cervicocerebral artery dissection and tortuosity - a review on quantitative and qualitative assessment. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:285. [PMID: 38977512 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cervicocerebral artery dissection stands out as a significant contributor to ischemic stroke in young adults. Several studies have shown that arterial tortuosity is associated with dissection. We searched Pubmed and Embase to identify studies on the association between arterial tortuosity and cervicocerebral artery dissection, and to perform a review on the epidemiology of cervicocerebral artery tortuosity and dissection, pathophysiology, measurement of vessels tortuosity, strength of association between tortuosity and dissection, clinical manifestation and management strategies. The prevalence of tortuosity in dissected cervical arteries was reported to be around 22%-65% while it is only around 8%-22% in non-dissected arteries. In tortuous cervical arteries elastin and tunica media degradation, increased wall stiffness, changes in hemodynamics as well as arterial wall inflammation might be associated with dissection. Arterial tortuosity index and vertebrobasilar artery deviation is used to measure the level of vessel tortuosity. Studies have shown an independent association between these two measurements and cervicocerebral artery dissection. Different anatomical variants of tortuosity such as loops, coils and kinks may have a different level of association with cervicocerebral artery dissection. Symptomatic patients with extracranial cervical artery dissection are often treated with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, while patients with intracranial arterial dissection were often treated with antiplatelets only due to concerns of developing subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients with recurrent ischemia, compromised cerebral blood flow or contraindications for antithrombotic agents are usually treated with open surgery or endovascular technique. Those with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracranial artery dissection are often managed with surgical intervention due to high risk of re-hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Salih
- Neurosurgery Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Brain Aneurysm Institute, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Philipp Taussky
- Neurosurgery Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Brain Aneurysm Institute, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Christopher S Ogilvy
- Neurosurgery Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Brain Aneurysm Institute, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
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Zimmermann S, Weißenfels M, Krümmer N, Härtig W, Weise G, Branzan D, Michalski D, Pelz JO. Elevated serum levels of anti-collagen type I antibodies in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection and ischemic stroke: a prospective multicenter study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348430. [PMID: 38840911 PMCID: PMC11150572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is a rare vasculopathy whose trigger is still unknown. We hypothesized that autoimmunity against components of the vascular wall might play a critical role in sCAD and examined anti-collagen type I antibodies in patients with sCAD, acute ischemic stroke, patients with thromboendarterectomy, and controls. Methods Fifty-seven patients with sCAD (age 45.7 ± 10.2 years, female 18 (31.6%)) were prospectively enrolled in four German stroke centers. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at day 10 ± 3, and after 6 ± 1 months. Patients with ischemic stroke not related to CAD (n=54, age 56.7 ± 13.7 years, female 15 (27.8%)), healthy probands (n=80, age 57.4 ± 12.9 years, female 56 (70%)), and patients undergoing thromboendarterectomy of the carotid artery (n=9, age 70.7 ± 9.3 years, female 2 (22.2%)) served as controls. Anti-collagen type I antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results Patients with acute sCAD had higher serum levels of anti-collagen type I antibodies (33.9 ± 24.6 µg/ml) than probands (18.5 ± 11.0 µg/ml; p <0.001) but lower levels than patients with ischemic stroke not related to sCAD (47.8 ± 28.4 µg/ml; p=0.003). In patients with sCAD, serum levels of anti-collagen type I antibodies were similar in the acute, subacute, and chronic phase. Levels of anti-collagen type I antibodies significantly correlated with circulating collagen type I (rho=0.207, p=0.003). Conclusion Anti-collagen type I antibodies seem not to represent a trigger for acute sCAD or ischemic stroke but may rather be linked to the metabolism and turnover of collagen type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Zimmermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Norma Krümmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Altenburger Land, Altenburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute – Center of Neuropathology and Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Weise
- Department of Neurology, Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land, Borna, Germany
| | - Daniela Branzan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johann Otto Pelz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Yaghi S, Engelter S, Del Brutto VJ, Field TS, Jadhav AP, Kicielinski K, Madsen TE, Mistry EA, Salehi Omran S, Pandey A, Raz E. Treatment and Outcomes of Cervical Artery Dissection in Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Stroke 2024; 55:e91-e106. [PMID: 38299330 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cervical artery dissection is an important cause of stroke, particularly in young adults. Data conflict on the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected cervical artery dissection, leading to variability in practice. We aim to provide an overview of cervical artery dissection in the setting of minor or no reported mechanical trigger with a focus on summarizing the available evidence and providing suggestions on the diagnostic evaluation, treatment approaches, and outcomes. Writing group members drafted their sections using a literature search focused on publications between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2022, and included randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective observational studies, meta-analyses, opinion papers, case series, and case reports. The writing group chair and vice chair compiled the manuscript and obtained writing group members' approval. Cervical artery dissection occurs as a result of the interplay among risk factors, minor trauma, anatomic and congenital abnormalities, and genetic predisposition. The diagnosis can be challenging both clinically and radiologically. In patients with acute ischemic stroke attributable to cervical artery dissection, acute treatment strategies such as thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy are reasonable in otherwise eligible patients. We suggest that the antithrombotic therapy choice be individualized and continued for at least 3 to 6 months. The risk of recurrent dissection is low, and preventive measures may be considered early after the diagnosis and continued in high-risk patients. Ongoing longitudinal and population-based observational studies are needed to close the present gaps on preferred antithrombotic regimens considering clinical and radiographic prognosticators of cervical artery dissection.
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Mayer-Suess L, Peball T, Pereverzyev S, Steiger R, Galijasevic M, Kiechl S, Knoflach M, Gizewski ER, Mangesius S. Cervical artery tortuosity-a reliable semi-automated magnetic resonance-based method. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:1383-1391. [PMID: 38415161 PMCID: PMC10895094 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Assessments of subclinical connective tissue disorders depend on complex approaches, emphasizing the need for more accessible methods applicable to clinical routine. Therefore, we aimed to establish a reliable approach assessing cervical vessel tortuosity, which is known to be associated with such disorders. Methods Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images of ReSect study participants [single-center prospective cohort of spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCeAD) patients] were used. Each patient underwent the same magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. The segmentation procedure was done using MATrix LABoratory 9.4 [up-sampling of raw MRA images, distance metric (DM) calculation], ITK-SNAP [region of interest (ROI) determination, vessel segmentation] and Vascular Modelling ToolKit (centerline determination). To assess inter-user variability and validity, we (I) had two blinded independent users segment all arteries and we (II) compared the results of our method to visual appraisal of vessel tortuosity done by two blinded expert neuro-radiologists. Results A total of 526 extracranial cervical arteries were available for analysis. The inter-user variability of our method users was below 0.5% throughout. Overall, our method outperformed the visual tortuosity appraisal, as the visual grading underestimated the DM in 38.8% subjects when tasked to assess overall cervical artery tortuosity (both vertebral and internal carotid arteries) and in 16.6% and 33.3% respectively if tasked to grade anterior or posterior circulation separately. Conclusions We present a reliable method to assess cervical artery tortuosity derived from MRA images applicable in clinical routine and future research investigating the potential correlation of sCeAD and connective tissue disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mayer-Suess
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tamara Peball
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergiy Pereverzyev
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Malik Galijasevic
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage, Research Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage, Research Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke R Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephanie Mangesius
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Long B, Pelletier J, Koyfman A, Bridwell RE. High risk and low prevalence diseases: Spontaneous cervical artery dissection. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 76:55-62. [PMID: 37995524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is a serious condition that carries with it a high rate of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE This review highlights the pearls and pitfalls of sCAD, including presentation, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department (ED) based on current evidence. DISCUSSION sCAD is a condition affecting the carotid or vertebral arteries and occurs as a result of injury and compromise to the arterial wall layers. The dissection most commonly affects the extracranial vessels but may extend intracranially, resulting in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients typically present with symptoms due to compression of local structures, and the presentation depends on the vessel affected. The most common symptom is headache and/or neck pain. Signs and symptoms of ischemia may occur, including transient ischemic attack and stroke. There are a variety of risk factors for sCAD, including underlying connective tissue or vascular disorders, and there may be an inciting event involving minimal trauma to the head or neck. Diagnosis includes imaging, most commonly computed tomography angiography of the head and neck. Ultrasound can diagnose sCAD but should not be used to exclude the condition. Treatment includes specialist consultation (neurology and vascular specialist), consideration of thrombolysis in appropriate patients, symptomatic management, and administration of antithrombotic medications. CONCLUSIONS An understanding of sCAD can assist emergency clinicians in diagnosing and managing this potentially deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jessica Pelletier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rachel E Bridwell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
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Zimmermann S, Weißenfels M, Krümmer N, Michalski D, Weise G, Branzan D, Pelz JO. Long-Term Course of Circulating Elastin, Collagen Type I, and Collagen Type III in Patients with Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection: a Prospective Multicenter Study. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01207-8. [PMID: 37945800 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
An impaired integrity of vascular elements and the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been discussed to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD). This study aimed to explore the temporal course of circulating elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III in patients with sCAD and evaluated their eligibility as diagnostic biomarkers. Patients with sCAD were prospectively enrolled in four German stroke centers. Blood samples were collected at baseline (acute phase), at day 10 ± 3 (subacute phase), and after 6 ± 1 months (chronic phase). Patients with acute ischemic stroke not related to sCAD, healthy probands, and patients undergoing thromboendarterectomy of the carotid artery served as control groups. Serum levels of elastin and collagen types I and III were determined by ELISAs. Fifty-seven patients with sCAD were enrolled. Compared to all three control groups, patients with sCAD had significantly lower levels of elastin and collagen type III at baseline and after 6 months. Compared to healthy probands, patients with sCAD showed similar collagen type I levels at baseline and in the subacute phase, but significantly increased levels after 6 months. As serum levels of elastin, collagen types I and III were not elevated in the acute phase, they do not appear eligible as biomarkers for the diagnosis of sCAD. Persisting low serum levels of elastin and collagen type III towards the chronic phase of sCAD strengthens the hypothesis of a subtle, in most cases clinically inapparent affection of the ECM in patients with sCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Zimmermann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Norma Krümmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Altenburger Land, Altenburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gesa Weise
- Department of Neurology, Sana Kliniken Leipziger Land, Borna, Germany
| | - Daniela Branzan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johann Otto Pelz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Trager RJ, Daniels CJ, Scott ZE, Perez JA. Pregnancy and spontaneous cervical artery dissection: A propensity-matched retrospective cohort study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107384. [PMID: 37742385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that pregnant women would have an increased risk of spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCeAD) affecting the carotid or vertebral arteries over one-year follow-up after the first trimester ultrasound compared to matched non-pregnant controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We queried a United States research network (TriNetX, Inc.) of de-identified medical records of >111 million patients, with data spanning 2008-2023. We included women aged ≥18 and excluded those with trauma and conditions potentially causative of sCeAD. Women were divided into cohorts based on a1 first trimester ultrasound and subsequent labor, delivery, or full-term pregnancy, or2 gynecological examination and no pregnancy. We used propensity matching to control for variables associated with sCeAD and calculated the risk ratio (RR) of sCeAD occurring over one-year follow-up from the index date of ultrasound or gynecological exam. RESULTS After matching, the incidence rate of sCeAD in the pregnancy cohort was 8.0 (95% CI: 8.0-8.1) per 100,000 person-years, compared to 3.9 (95% CI: 3.9-3.9) per 100,000 person-years in the non-pregnancy cohort, yielding an RR (95% CI) of 2.06 (1.17-3.61; P= .0104). A cumulative incidence graph suggested that most cases of sCeAD in the pregnancy cohort occurred during pregnancy rather than the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that women have a twofold increased risk of sCeAD during pregnancy and the postpartum period compared to non-pregnant women. Further research is needed to determine whether maternal comorbidities such as preeclampsia account for these findings, and clarify when sCeAD occurs in relation to pregnancy or the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Trager
- Connor Whole Health, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland OH, USA.
| | - Clinton J Daniels
- Rehabilitation Care Services, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 9600 Veterans Drive, Tacoma, WA, 98493, USA
| | - Zachary E Scott
- Rehabilitation Care Services, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 9600 Veterans Drive, Tacoma, WA, 98493, USA
| | - Jaime A Perez
- Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Li H, Xu S, Xu B, Zhang Y, Yin J, Yang Y. Unraveling the Links between Chronic Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Spontaneous Cervicocranial Arterial Dissection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5132. [PMID: 37568534 PMCID: PMC10419694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in imaging techniques have led to a rise in the diagnosis of spontaneous cervicocranial arterial dissection (SCCAD), which is now considered a common cause of stroke in young adults. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SCCAD remains limited. Prior studies have proposed various factors contributing to arterial wall weakness or stress as potential causes for SCCAD. A combination of biopsies, case reports, and case-control studies suggests that inflammatory changes and autoimmunity may play roles in the cascade of events leading to SCCAD. In this review, we examine the close relationship between SCCAD, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune diseases, aiming to explore potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these conditions. While some relevant hypotheses and studies exist, direct evidence on this topic is still relatively scarce. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms in larger clinical cohorts is needed, and the exploration of animal models may provide novel insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (H.L.); (B.X.)
| | - Shiyao Xu
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (H.L.); (B.X.)
| | - Yutong Zhang
- The Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (S.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (H.L.); (B.X.)
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Rada I, Calderón JF, Martínez G, Muñoz Venturelli P. Genetics of spontaneous cervical and coronary artery dissections. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1007795. [PMID: 37214559 PMCID: PMC10196206 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1007795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spontaneous cervical artery dissections (SCeAD) and coronary artery dissections (SCoAD) are major causes of neurovascular and cardiovascular morbidity in young adults. Although multiple aspects of their etiology are still unknown, most consensuses are focused on the presence of constitutional genetic aspects and environmental triggers. Since recent evidence of genetic contribution points to a possible overlap between these conditions, we aimed to describe current information on SCeAD and SCoAD genetics and their potential shared pathological aspects. Materials and methods A narrative review is presented. Publications in English and Spanish were queried using database search. The articles were evaluated by one team member in terms of inclusion criteria. After collecting, the articles were categorized based on scientific content. Results Given that patients with SCeAD and SCoAD rarely present connective tissue disorders, other genetic loci are probably responsible for the increased susceptibility in some individuals. The common variant rs9349379 at PHACTR1 gene is associated with predisposition to pathologies of the arterial wall, likely mediated by variations in Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. The risk of arterial dissection may be increased for those who carry the rs9349379(A) allele, associated with lower expression levels of ET-1; however, the local effect of this vasomotor imbalance remains unclear. Sex differences seen in SCeAD and SCoAD support a role for sex hormones that could modulate risk, tilting the delicate balance and forcing vasodilator actions to prevail over vasoconstriction due to a reduction in ET-1 expression. Conclusions New evidence points to a common gene variation that could explain dissection in both the cervical and coronary vasculatures. To further confirm the risk conferred by the rs9349379 variant, genome wide association studies are warranted, hopefully in larger and ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rada
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Martínez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Muñoz Venturelli
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Salehi Omran S. Cervical Artery Dissection. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:540-565. [PMID: 37039409 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical artery dissection is a common cause of stroke in young adults. This article reviews the pathophysiology, etiology and risk factors, evaluation, management, and outcomes of spontaneous cervical artery dissection. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Cervical artery dissection is believed to be a multifactorial disease, with environmental factors serving as possible triggers in patients who have a genetic predisposition to dissection formation. Cervical artery dissection can cause local symptoms or ischemic events, such as ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Neuroimaging is used to confirm the diagnosis; classic findings include a long tapered arterial stenosis or occlusion, dissecting aneurysm, intimal flap, double lumen, or intramural hematoma. Patients with cervical artery dissection who present with an acute ischemic stroke should be evaluated for IV thrombolysis, endovascular therapy eligibility, or both. Antithrombotic therapy with either anticoagulation or antiplatelet treatment is used to prevent stroke from cervical artery dissection. The risk of recurrent ischemia appears low and is mostly limited to the first two weeks after symptom onset. ESSENTIAL POINTS Cervical artery dissection is a known cause of ischemic strokes. Current data show no difference between the benefits and risks of anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy in the acute phase of symptomatic extracranial cervical artery dissection, thereby supporting the recommendation that clinicians can prescribe either treatment. Further research is warranted to better understand the pathophysiology and long-term outcomes of cervical artery dissection.
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Jiang Z, Kadam M. Carotid artery dissection presenting as exercise-induced monocular visual loss. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e250632. [PMID: 36446473 PMCID: PMC9710370 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-250632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A man in his 60s presented to the urgent treatment centre with isolated transient monocular visual loss in the right eye soon after completing a 5 km run. He had no preceding events, no history of neck pain and no other associated symptoms. His only medical history was presumed giant cell arteritis 3 months prior. The ophthalmology team reviewed the patient urgently and retinal artery occlusion was excluded. Carotid Doppler imaging showed a total occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. CT angiogram of the head and neck vessels revealed a dissection flap immediately proximal to the occlusion. The carotid dissection was treated with aspirin 300 mg for 2 weeks followed by clopidogrel 75 mg for a minimum of 3 months. The patient was discussed with the vascular team who confirmed that no surgical intervention would be required to treat the occlusion. With the relatively simple treatment of antiplatelet therapy, the patient is making good progress with no recurrence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Jiang
- Stroke Medicine, Princess Royal University Hospital, Orpington, Kent, UK
| | - Mustafa Kadam
- Stroke Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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Davila-Williams D, Barry M, Vargas C, Vossough A, Bernard TJ, Rafay MF. Cerebral Arteriopathies of Childhood - Current Approaches. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 43:101004. [PMID: 36344018 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Up to more than half of previously healthy children presenting with their first arterial ischemic stroke have a cerebral arteriopathy. Cerebral arteriopathies during childhood can be congenital, reflecting abnormal vessel development, or acquired when caused by disruption of vascular homeostasis. Distinguishing different types of cerebral arteriopathies in children can be challenging but of great clinical value as they may dictate different disease and treatment courses, and clinical and radiologic outcomes. Furthermore, children with stroke due to a specific arteriopathy exhibit distinctive features when compared to those with stroke due to other causes or a different type of arteriopathy. These features become crucial in the management of pediatric stroke by choosing appropriate diagnostic and treatment strategies. The objective of this article is to provide the reader with a comprehensive up-to-date review of the classification, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of cerebral arteriopathies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Barry
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Co, USA
| | - Carolina Vargas
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy J Bernard
- Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, Co, USA
| | - Mubeen F Rafay
- Children's Hospital Winnipeg, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.
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Keser Z, Chiang CC, Benson JC, Pezzini A, Lanzino G. Cervical Artery Dissections: Etiopathogenesis and Management. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:685-700. [PMID: 36082197 PMCID: PMC9447449 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s362844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical Artery Dissection (CeAD) is a frequent stroke etiology for patients younger than 50 years old. The most common immediate complications related to CeAD are headache and neck pain (65–95%), TIA/ischemic stroke (>50%), and partial Horner’s syndrome (25%). The prevailing hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of sCeAD is that the underlying constitutional vessel wall weakness of patients with sCeAD is genetically determined and that environmental factors could act as triggers. The stroke prevention treatment of CeAD remains controversial, involving anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy and potentially emergent stenting and/or thrombectomy or angioplasty for selected cases of carotid artery dissection with occlusion. The treatment of headache associated with CeAD depends on the headache phenotype and comorbidities. Radiographically, more than 75% of CeAD cases present with occlusion or non-occlusive stenosis. Many patients demonstrate partial and complete healing, more commonly in the carotid arteries. One-fifth of the patients develop dissecting pseudoaneurysm, but this is a benign clinical entity with an extremely low rupture and stroke recurrence risk. Good recovery is achieved in many CeAD cases, and mortality remains low. Family history of CeAD, connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, and fibromuscular dysplasia are risk factors for recurrent CeAD, which can occur in 3–9% of the cases. This review serves as a comprehensive, updated overview of CeAD, emphasizing etiopathogenesis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Keser
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Zafer Keser, Department of Neurology – Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, Email
| | | | - John C Benson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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14
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Pezzini D, Grassi M, Zedde ML, Zini A, Bersano A, Gandolfo C, Silvestrelli G, Baracchini C, Cerrato P, Lodigiani C, Marcheselli S, Paciaroni M, Rasura M, Cappellari M, Del Sette M, Cavallini A, Morotti A, Micieli G, Lotti EM, Delodovici ML, Gentile M, Magoni M, Azzini C, Calloni MV, Giorli E, Braga M, La Spina P, Melis F, Tassi R, Terruso V, Calabrò RS, Piras V, Giossi A, Locatelli M, Mazzoleni V, Sanguigni S, Zanferrari C, Mannino M, Colombo I, Dallocchio C, Nencini P, Bignamini V, Adami A, Costa P, Bella R, Pascarella R, Padovan A, Pezzini A. Antithrombotic therapy in the postacute phase of cervical artery dissection: the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:686-692. [PMID: 35508372 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-328338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of antithrombotic therapy discontinuation in the postacute phase of cervical artery dissection (CeAD) on the mid-term outcome of these patients. METHODS In a cohort of consecutive patients with first-ever CeAD, enrolled in the setting of the multicentre Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults Cervical Artery Dissection, we compared postacute (beyond 6 months since the index CeAD) outcomes between patients who discontinued antithrombotic therapy and patients who continued taking antithrombotic agents during follow-up. Primary outcome was a composite of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Secondary outcomes were (1) Brain ischaemia ipsilateral to the dissected vessel and (2) Recurrent CeAD. Associations with the outcome of interest were assessed by the propensity score (PS) method. RESULTS Of the 1390 patients whose data were available for the outcome analysis (median follow-up time in patients who did not experience outcome events, 36.0 months (25th-75th percentile, 62.0)), 201 (14.4%) discontinued antithrombotic treatment. Primary outcome occurred in 48 patients in the postacute phase of CeAD. In PS-matched samples (201 vs 201), the incidence of primary outcomes among patients taking antithrombotics was comparable with that among patients who discontinued antithrombotics during follow-up (5.0% vs 4.5%; p(log rank test)=0.526), and so was the incidence of the secondary outcomes ipsilateral brain ischaemia (4.5% vs 2.5%; p(log rank test)=0.132) and recurrent CeAD (1.0% vs 1.5%; p(log rank test)=0.798). CONCLUSIONS Discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy in the postacute phase of CeAD does not appear to increase the risk of brain ischaemia during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Pezzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Mario Grassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Sistema Nervoso e del Comportamento, Unità di Statistica Medica e Genomica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italia
| | - Maria Luisa Zedde
- S.C Neurologia, Stroke Unit, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italia
| | - Andrea Zini
- UOC Neurologia e Rete Stroke metropolitana, IRCCS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italia
| | - Anna Bersano
- U.O Malattie Cerebrovascolari, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italia
| | - Carlo Gandolfo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili, Università di Genova, Genova, Italia
| | - Giorgio Silvestrelli
- Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale "Carlo Poma", Mantova, Italia
| | - Claudio Baracchini
- UOSD Stroke Unit e Laboratorio di Neurosonologia, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, Padova, Italia
| | - Paolo Cerrato
- Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Ospedale Molinette, Università di Torino, Torino, Italia
| | | | - Simona Marcheselli
- Neurologia d'urgenza e Stroke Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italia
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Internal, Vascular and Emergency Medicine - Stroke Unit, Università degli Studi di Perugia - Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italia
| | - Maurizia Rasura
- Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "Sant'Andrea", Università "La Sapienza", Roma, Italia
| | - Manuel Cappellari
- Sroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Borgo Trento, Verona, Italia
| | - Massimo Del Sette
- U,O Neurologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico "San Martino", Genova, Italia
| | - Anna Cavallini
- U.O Malattie Cerebrovascolari e Stroke Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino", Pavia, Italia
| | - Andrea Morotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Micieli
- Neurologia d'Urgenza, IRCCS Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale "C. Mondino", Pavia, Italia
| | | | | | - Mauro Gentile
- UOC Neurologia e Rete Stroke metropolitana, IRCCS Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italia
| | - Mauro Magoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Neurologia Vascolare, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Cristiano Azzini
- U.O. Neurologia, Stroke Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "S. Anna", Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italia
| | | | - Elisa Giorli
- U.O Neurologia, Ospedale "Sant'Andrea", La Spezia, Italia
| | | | - Paolo La Spina
- U.O.S.D Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Messina, Messina, Italia
| | - Fabio Melis
- S.S Neurovascolare, ASL Città di Torino, Ospedale "Maria Vittoria", Torino, Italia
| | - Rossana Tassi
- U.O.C Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italia
| | | | | | - Valeria Piras
- S.C Neurologia e Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, Azienda Ospedaliera "G. Brotzu", Cagliari, Italia
| | - Alessia Giossi
- U.O Neurologia, Istituti Ospedalieri, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italia
| | - Martina Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Valentina Mazzoleni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Sandro Sanguigni
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ospedale "Madonna del Soccorso", San Benedetto del Tronto, Italia
| | - Carla Zanferrari
- U.O.C Neurologia - Stroke Unit, ASST Melegnano-Martesana, Vizzolo Predabissi, Italia
| | | | - Irene Colombo
- S.C Neurologia e Unità Neurovascolare, Ospedale di Desio, ASST Brianza, Desio, Italia
| | - Carlo Dallocchio
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, U.O.C Neurologia, Ospedale Civile di Voghera, ASST Pavia, Voghera, Italia
| | - Patrizia Nencini
- Stroke Unit, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Careggi, Firenze, Italia
| | - Valeria Bignamini
- U.O Neurologia, Stroke Unit, Ospedale "S. Chiara", APSS Trento, Trento, Italia
| | - Alessandro Adami
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Stroke Center, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italia
| | - Paolo Costa
- U.O Neurologia, Istituto Ospedaliero Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italia
| | - Rita Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate, Sezione di Neuroscienze, Università di Catania, Catania, Italia
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- S.S.D Neuroradiologia, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italia
| | - Alessandro Padovan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Sperimentali, Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italia
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15
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Multiple Arterial Dissections and Connective Tissue Abnormalities. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123264. [PMID: 35743335 PMCID: PMC9224905 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although patients with multiple arterial dissections in distinct arterial regions rarely present with known connective tissue syndromes, we hypothesized that mild connective tissue abnormalities are common findings in these patients. Methods: From a consecutive register of 322 patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD), we identified and analyzed 4 patients with a history of additional dissections in other vascular beds. In three patients, dermal connective tissue was examined by electron microscopy. DNA from all four patients was studied by whole-exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis. Results: The collagen fibers of dermal biopsies were pathologic in all three analyzed patients. One patient carried a CNV disrupting the COL3A1 and COL5A2 genes (vascular or hypermobility type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome), and another patient a CNV in MYH11 (familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections). The third patient carried a missense substitution in COL5A2. Conclusion: Three patients showed morphologic alterations of the dermal connective tissue, and two patients carried pathogenic variants in genes associated with arterial connective tissue dysfunction. The findings suggest that genetic testing should be recommended after recurrent arterial dissections, independently of apparent phenotypical signs of connective tissue disorders.
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16
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Sporns PB, Fullerton HJ, Lee S, Kim H, Lo WD, Mackay MT, Wildgruber M. Childhood stroke. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35210461 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is an important cause of neurological morbidity in children; most survivors have permanent neurological deficits that affect the remainder of their life. Stroke in childhood, the focus of this Primer, is distinguished from perinatal stroke, defined as stroke before 29 days of age, because of its unique pathogenesis reflecting the maternal-fetal unit. Although approximately 15% of strokes in adults are haemorrhagic, half of incident strokes in children are haemorrhagic and half are ischaemic. The causes of childhood stroke are distinct from those in adults. Urgent brain imaging is essential to confirm the stroke diagnosis and guide decisions about hyperacute therapies. Secondary stroke prevention strongly depends on the underlying aetiology. While the past decade has seen substantial advances in paediatric stroke research, the quality of evidence for interventions, such as the rapid reperfusion therapies that have revolutionized arterial ischaemic stroke care in adults, remains low. Substantial time delays in diagnosis and treatment continue to challenge best possible care. Effective primary stroke prevention strategies in children with sickle cell disease represent a major success, yet barriers to implementation persist. The multidisciplinary members of the International Pediatric Stroke Organization are coordinating global efforts to tackle these challenges and improve the outcomes in children with cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Sporns
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heather J Fullerton
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Lee
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Helen Kim
- Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Warren D Lo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark T Mackay
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Rashed ER, Ruiz Maya T, Black J, Fettig V, Kadian-Dodov D, Olin JW, Mehta L, Gelb BD, Kontorovich AR. Cardiovascular manifestations of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders. Vasc Med 2022; 27:283-289. [PMID: 35000503 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211067566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mitral valve prolapse and aortic root dilatation are reported in association with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS), but the full phenotypic spectrum of cardiovascular complications in this condition has not been studied in the aftermath of updated nosology and diagnostic criteria. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 258 patients (> 94% adults) referred to a multidisciplinary clinic for evaluation of joint hypermobility between January 2017 and December 2020 and diagnosed with hEDS or a hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) to determine the incidence and spectrum of cardiovascular involvement. Results: Mitral valve prolapse was present in 7.5% and thoracic aortic dilatation in 15.2%. Aortic dilatation was more frequent in individuals with hEDS (20.7%) than with HSD (7.7%) and similarly prevalent between males and females, although was mild in > 90% of females and moderate-to-severe in 50% of males. Five individuals (1.9%) with hEDS/HSD had extra-aortic arterial involvement, including cervical artery dissection (CeAD, n = 2), spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD, n = 2), and SCAD plus celiac artery pseudoaneurysm (n = 1). This is the first series to report the prevalence of CeAD and SCAD in hEDS/HSD. Conclusions: Cardiovascular manifestations in adults with hEDS/HSD, especially females, are typically mild and readily assessed by echocardiography. Since the risk of progression has not yet been defined, adults with hEDS/HSD who are found to have aortic dilatation at baseline should continue ongoing surveillance to monitor for progressive dilatation. Cardiovascular medicine specialists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons should consider hEDS/HSD on the differential for patients with CeAD or SCAD who also have joint hypermobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman R Rashed
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tania Ruiz Maya
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Black
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Fettig
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniella Kadian-Dodov
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Olin
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi Mehta
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy R Kontorovich
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Kalashnikova LA, Danilova MS, Shabalina AA, Gubanova MV, Shamtieva KV, Dreval MV, Dobrynina LA. [Transforming growth factor beta in patients with cervical artery dissection]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:82-87. [PMID: 36279232 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212210182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD). MATERIAL AND METHODS TGF-β was studied by enzyme immunoassay in 74 of 336 patients with CeAD observed at the Research Center of Neurology (Moscow) from 2000 to 2021. The average patient's age at the time of TGF-β study was 41.6±9.8 years; the proportion of women was 51%. TGF-β was studied in the first month of the disease (n=9), for 2-3 months (n=12) and at a later period (mean - 4.3±5.03 years) (n=53). The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex. Dissection occurred in internal carotid artery (ICA) (n=42), vertebral artery (VA) (n=29), ICA+VA (n=3) and involved 1 artery (n=58) or 2-3 arteries (n=16). Clinical manifestations included ischemic stroke (IS) (n=49), isolated cervical-cephalic headache (n=23), lower cranial nerve palsy (n=2). Pathological CeAD tortuosity was detected by angiography in 13 patients, and a dissecting aneurysm in 15 patients. RESULTS TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were elevated in patients with CeAD patients compared with the control: TGF-β1 - 4990 [3950; 7900] pg/ml vs. 3645 [3230; 4250] pg/ml, p=0.001; TGF-β2 - 6120 [4680; 7900] pg/ml vs. 3155 [2605; 4605] pg/ml, p=0.001. The highest TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels were noted at 2-3 months of the disease. There was no correlation between the TGF-β level and various clinical and angiographic parameters. CONCLUSION Increased TGF-β level confirms that CeAD patients have connective tissue disorder that underlies the arterial wall weakness. A higher TGF-β level at 2-3 months of CeAD seems to be connected with an active reparative process in arterial wall after dissection. TGF-β can be used as a biomarker of connective tissue dysplasia in patients with CeAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M V Dreval
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Venturini G, Vuolo L, Pracucci G, Picchioni A, Failli Y, Benvenuti F, Sarti C. Association between carotid artery dissection and vascular tortuosity: a case-control study. Neuroradiology 2021; 64:1127-1134. [PMID: 34766191 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to verify if vascular tortuosity (VT) may represent a risk factor for spontaneous epiaortic vessel dissection (sEVD) in young adult patients. METHODS We identified 304 patients aged under 55 years consecutively admitted for acute cerebrovascular events to our Stroke Unit. After checking the possibility to perform a 3D reconstruction of epiaortic vessels on CT-angiography images, we selected and compared fifty patients with sEVD (cases) with fifty-one patients without dissection (controls). VT of carotid and vertebral arteries was measured on reconstructions evaluating the vascular tortuosity index (VTI), calculated according to a specific algorithm, and the presence of kinking and coiling. Differences between groups were analyzed by Student-t test for numeric variables and chi-square test for categoric ones. A ROC curve analysis was used to look for a VTI threshold value beyond which the risk of dissection was significantly increased. RESULTS VTI was significantly higher in cases than in controls only considering carotid arteries (p = 0.029); cases did not have a significantly higher rate of kinking and coiling than controls (p = 0.059 and 0.077, respectively). We have found a significant VTI threshold value of 27.9% (under curve area = 61.6%, p = 0.04) only for carotid artery dissection. CONCLUSION VT appears to be associated with an increased risk of dissection for the carotid district but not for the vertebral one. The different structure, embryogenesis, and pathophysiology of dissection between the two districts could explain this finding. VTI threshold as carotid artery dissection predictor deserves confirmation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Venturini
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Vuolo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Piero Palagi, 1, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pracucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Picchioni
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Ylenia Failli
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Sarti
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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20
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Bodiguel E, Naggara O, Mas JL. Dissecazione delle arterie carotidee e vertebrali extracraniche. Neurologia 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(21)45783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Debette S, Mazighi M, Bijlenga P, Pezzini A, Koga M, Bersano A, Kõrv J, Haemmerli J, Canavero I, Tekiela P, Miwa K, J Seiffge D, Schilling S, Lal A, Arnold M, Markus HS, Engelter ST, Majersik JJ. ESO guideline for the management of extracranial and intracranial artery dissection. Eur Stroke J 2021; 6:XXXIX-LXXXVIII. [PMID: 34746432 PMCID: PMC8564160 DOI: 10.1177/23969873211046475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present European Stroke Organisation guideline is to provide clinically useful evidence-based recommendations on the management of extracranial artery dissection (EAD) and intracranial artery dissection (IAD). EAD and IAD represent leading causes of stroke in the young, but are uncommon in the general population, thus making it challenging to conduct clinical trials and large observational studies. The guidelines were prepared following the Standard Operational Procedure for European Stroke Organisation guidelines and according to GRADE methodology. Our four recommendations result from a thorough analysis of the literature comprising two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing anticoagulants to antiplatelets in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and twenty-six comparative observational studies. In EAD patients with acute ischemic stroke, we recommend using intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase within 4.5 hours of onset if standard inclusion/exclusion criteria are met, and mechanical thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation. We further recommend early endovascular or surgical intervention for IAD patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Based on evidence from two phase 2 RCTs that have shown no difference between the benefits and risks of anticoagulants versus antiplatelets in the acute phase of symptomatic EAD, we strongly recommend that clinicians can prescribe either option. In post-acute EAD patients with residual stenosis or dissecting aneurysms and in symptomatic IAD patients with an intracranial dissecting aneurysm and isolated headache, there is insufficient data to provide a recommendation on the benefits and risks of endovascular/surgical treatment. Finally, nine expert consensus statements, adopted by 8 to 11 of the 11 experts involved, propose guidance for clinicians when the quality of evidence was too low to provide recommendations. Some of these pertain to the management of IAD (use of IVT, endovascular treatment, and antiplatelets versus anticoagulation in IAD with ischemic stroke and use of endovascular or surgical interventions for IAD with headache only). Other expert consensus statements address the use of direct anticoagulants and dual antiplatelet therapy in EAD-related cerebral ischemia, endovascular treatment of the EAD/IAD lesion, and multidisciplinary assessment of the best therapeutic approaches in specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health research
center, INSERM U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology and
Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bordeaux University
Hospital, France
| | - Mikael Mazighi
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- Interventional Neuroradiology
Department, Hôpital Fondation Ophtalmologique
Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational
Science, INSERM U1148, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bijlenga
- Neurosurgery, Département de
Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpitaux Universitaires et Faculté de
Médecine de Genève, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and
Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular
Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular
Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Bersano
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico
'Carlo Besta', Milano
| | - Janika Kõrv
- Department of Neurology and
Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Neurology, Tartu University
Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julien Haemmerli
- Neurosurgery, Département de
Neurosciences Cliniques, Hôpitaux Universitaires et Faculté de
Médecine de Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - Piotr Tekiela
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kaori Miwa
- Department of Cerebrovascular
Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular
Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - David J Seiffge
- University Hospital
Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Schilling
- Guidelines Methodologist, European Stroke
Organization, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Avtar Lal
- Guidelines Methodologist, European Stroke
Organization, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- University Hospital
Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology and
Stroke Center, University Hospital and University of
Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurology and
Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatric
Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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22
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A Model for Risk Prediction of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevalence-Based on Community Residents Aged 40 and above in a City in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126584. [PMID: 34207332 PMCID: PMC8296485 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in many countries including China. Early diagnosis and risk assessment represent one of effective approaches to reduce the CVD-related mortality. The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of cerebrovascular disease among community residents in Qingyunpu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, and to construct a model of cerebrovascular disease risk index suitable for local community residents. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to sample 2147 community residents aged 40 and above, and the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases and possible risk factors were investigated. It was found that the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease among local residents was 4.5%. Poisson regression analysis found that old age, lack of exercise, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and family history of cerebrovascular disease are the main risk factors for local cerebrovascular disease. The relative risk ORs were 3.284, 2.306, 2.510, 3.194, 1.949, 2.315, respectively. For these six selected risk factors, a cerebrovascular disease risk prediction model was established using the Harvard Cancer Index method. The R value of the risk prediction model was 1.80 (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 47.0%), which was able to well predict the risk of cerebrovascular disease among local residents. This provides a scientific basis for the further development of local cerebrovascular disease prevention and control work.
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23
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Hiwasa T, Wang H, Goto KI, Mine S, Machida T, Kobayashi E, Yoshida Y, Adachi A, Matsutani T, Sata M, Yamagishi K, Iso H, Sawada N, Tsugane S, Kunimatsu M, Kamitsukasa I, Mori M, Sugimoto K, Uzawa A, Muto M, Kuwabara S, Kobayashi Y, Ohno M, Nishi E, Hattori A, Yamamoto M, Maezawa Y, Kobayashi K, Ishibashi R, Takemoto M, Yokote K, Takizawa H, Kishimoto T, Matsushita K, Kobayashi S, Nomura F, Arasawa T, Kagaya A, Maruyama T, Matsubara H, Tomiita M, Hamanaka S, Imai Y, Nakagawa T, Kato N, Terada J, Matsumura T, Katsumata Y, Naito A, Tanabe N, Sakao S, Tatsumi K, Ito M, Shiratori F, Sumazaki M, Yajima S, Shimada H, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S, Kudo T, Doi H, Iwase K, Ashino H, Li SY, Kubota M, Tomiyoshi G, Shinmen N, Nakamura R, Kuroda H, Iwadate Y. Serum anti-DIDO1, anti-CPSF2, and anti-FOXJ2 antibodies as predictive risk markers for acute ischemic stroke. BMC Med 2021; 19:131. [PMID: 34103026 PMCID: PMC8188684 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious cause of mortality and disability. AIS is a serious cause of mortality and disability. Early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, which is the major cause of AIS, allows therapeutic intervention before the onset, leading to prevention of AIS. METHODS Serological identification by cDNA expression cDNA libraries and the protein array method were used for the screening of antigens recognized by serum IgG antibodies in patients with atherosclerosis. Recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides derived from candidate antigens were used as antigens to compare serum IgG levels between healthy donors (HDs) and patients with atherosclerosis-related disease using the amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The first screening using the protein array method identified death-inducer obliterator 1 (DIDO1), forkhead box J2 (FOXJ2), and cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF2) as the target antigens of serum IgG antibodies in patients with AIS. Then, we prepared various antigens including glutathione S-transferase-fused DIDO1 protein as well as peptides of the amino acids 297-311 of DIDO1, 426-440 of FOXJ2, and 607-621 of CPSF2 to examine serum antibody levels. Compared with HDs, a significant increase in antibody levels of the DIDO1 protein and peptide in patients with AIS, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) but not in those with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus (DM). Serum anti-FOXJ2 antibody levels were elevated in most patients with atherosclerosis-related diseases, whereas serum anti-CPSF2 antibody levels were associated with AIS, TIA, and DM. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that serum DIDO1 antibody levels were highly associated with CKD, and correlation analysis revealed that serum anti-FOXJ2 antibody levels were associated with hypertension. A prospective case-control study on ischemic stroke verified that the serum antibody levels of the DIDO1 protein and DIDO1, FOXJ2, and CPSF2 peptides showed significantly higher odds ratios with a risk of AIS in patients with the highest quartile than in those with the lowest quartile, indicating that these antibody markers are useful as risk factors for AIS. CONCLUSIONS Serum antibody levels of DIDO1, FOXJ2, and CPSF2 are useful in predicting the onset of atherosclerosis-related AIS caused by kidney failure, hypertension, and DM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guanzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Ichiro Goto
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Mine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital, Chiba, 287-0003, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, 290-0512, Japan
| | - Toshio Machida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Chiba, 290-0512, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, 283-8686, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Akihiko Adachi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Tomoo Matsutani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitoshi Kunimatsu
- Department of Home Economics, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, 467-8610, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kamitsukasa
- Department of Neurology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, 290-0003, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Chiba, 275-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Uzawa
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mayumi Muto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Akiko Hattori
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ishibashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takizawa
- Port Square Kashiwado Clinic, Kashiwado Memorial Foundation, Chiba, 260-0025, Japan
| | - Takashi Kishimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Sohei Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Chiba Foundation for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Chiba, 261-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akiko Kagaya
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Maruyama
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Minako Tomiita
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, 266-0007, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Hamanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yushi Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jiro Terada
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsumura
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Katsumata
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanabe
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medicine in Pulmonary Hypertension, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shiratori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Makoto Sumazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | - Katsuro Iwase
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ashino
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shu-Yang Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kubota
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Go Tomiyoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama, 340-0203, Japan
| | - Natsuko Shinmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama, 340-0203, Japan
| | - Rika Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama, 340-0203, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuroda
- Medical Project Division, Research Development Center, Fujikura Kasei Co., Saitama, 340-0203, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
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24
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Engelter ST, Traenka C, Grond-Ginsbach C, Brandt T, Hakimi M, Worrall BB, Debette S, Pezzini A, Leys D, Tatlisumak T, Nolte CH, Lyrer P. Cervical Artery Dissection and Sports. Front Neurol 2021; 12:663830. [PMID: 34135851 PMCID: PMC8200565 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.663830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) occurring in the context of sports is a matter of concern for CeAD patients. They seek advice on the role of sports in CeAD and on the safety of resuming sports after CeAD. The scarcity of studies and guidelines addressing these issues poses a challenge. We aimed at summarizing the current knowledge about CeAD and sports in order to provide an informed, comprehensive opinion for counseling CeAD patients. We took into account pathophysiological considerations, observations of cases reports, series, and registries, and conclusions by analogy from aortic dissection or inherited connective tissue syndromes. In summary, practicing active sports as the cause of CeAD seems uncommon. It seems recommendable to refrain from any kind of sports activities for at least 1 month, which can be extended in case of an unfavorable clinical or neurovascular course. We recommend starting with sport activities at low intensity—preferably with types of endurance sports—and to gradually increase the pace in an individually tailored manner, taking into circumstances of the occurrences of the CeAD in the individual patient (particularly in relation to sports), the meaning of sports activities for the individual well-being, the presence or absence of comorbidities and of neurological sequela, neurovascular findings, and whether there are signs of an underlying connective tissue alteration. Major limitations and several forms of bias are acknowledged. Still, in the absence of any better data, the summarized observations and considerations might help clinicians in advising and counseling patients with CeAD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Traenka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caspar Grond-Ginsbach
- Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brandt
- Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt (SUVA), Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Maani Hakimi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Didier Leys
- Univ-Lille, Inserm U1171, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Lille, France
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Department of Neurology, and Center for Stroke Research Berlin Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Adham S, Billon C, Legrand A, Domigo V, Denarié N, Charpentier E, Jeunemaitre X, Frank M. Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection in Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Cohort Study. Stroke 2021; 52:1628-1635. [PMID: 33641388 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder because of pathogenic variants in the COL3A1 gene. Arterial complications can affect all anatomic areas and about 25% involve supra-aortic trunks (SATs) but no systematic assessment of cervical artery lesions has been made. The primary objective was to determine an accurate prevalence of spontaneous SAT lesions in a large series of patients with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome at diagnosis and during follow-up. Secondary objectives were to study their neurological consequences (transient ischemic attack or stroke) and the possible relationships with sex, genotype, ascertainment status. METHODS A retrospective review of a monocentric cohort of patients with molecularly proven vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome followed in a tertiary referral center from 2000 to 2017. RESULTS One hundred forty-four patients were analyzed, 56.9% (n=82) had SAT lesions: 64.6% females, 74.4% index-case patients. Most lesions were identified in early arterial assessment (48% at first work-up, mean age of 35.7±13.0 years). Cumulative incidence of a first identification of a SAT lesion was 41.7% at 40 years old. On the complete period of survey, 183 SAT lesions (with 132 dissections and 33 aneurysms) were identified, mainly in internal carotid arteries (56.3%) and vertebral arteries (28.9%), more rarely in patients with COL3A1 null mutations (P=0.008). Transient ischemic attack or stroke were reported in n=16 (19.5%) of the 82 patients with SAT lesions without relation with age, sex, treatment, or hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Cervical artery lesions are frequent and mostly asymptomatic in patients with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Local dissections and aneurysms are the most frequent type of lesions, but transient ischemic attack or stroke seem rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Adham
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., N.D., X.J., M.F.).,Université de Paris, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., X.J., M.F.)
| | - Clarisse Billon
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., N.D., X.J., M.F.).,Université de Paris, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., X.J., M.F.)
| | - Anne Legrand
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., N.D., X.J., M.F.).,Université de Paris, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., X.J., M.F.)
| | - Valérie Domigo
- GH Sainte-Anne, Service d'imagerie morphologique et fonctionnelle, Paris, France (V.D.).,INSERM, U894, IMA-BRAIN, DHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France (V.D.)
| | - Nicolas Denarié
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., N.D., X.J., M.F.)
| | - Etienne Charpentier
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Radiologie, Paris, France (E.C.)
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., N.D., X.J., M.F.).,Université de Paris, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., X.J., M.F.)
| | - Michael Frank
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., N.D., X.J., M.F.).,Université de Paris, INSERM, U970 PARCC, Paris, France (S.A., C.B., A.L., X.J., M.F.)
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26
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Nehme A, Létourneau-Guillon L, Odier C, Poppe AY. Clinical Reasoning: A 36-Year-Old Woman Presenting With Headache Postpartum. Neurology 2020; 96:e1585-e1589. [PMID: 33277423 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nehme
- From Neurologie Vasculaire (A.N., C.O., A.Y.P.) and Radiologie (L.L.-G.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal; and Axe Neurosciences (C.O., A.Y.P.), Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Laurent Létourneau-Guillon
- From Neurologie Vasculaire (A.N., C.O., A.Y.P.) and Radiologie (L.L.-G.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal; and Axe Neurosciences (C.O., A.Y.P.), Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Canada
| | - Céline Odier
- From Neurologie Vasculaire (A.N., C.O., A.Y.P.) and Radiologie (L.L.-G.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal; and Axe Neurosciences (C.O., A.Y.P.), Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Y Poppe
- From Neurologie Vasculaire (A.N., C.O., A.Y.P.) and Radiologie (L.L.-G.), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal; and Axe Neurosciences (C.O., A.Y.P.), Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Canada
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Errichiello E, Malara A, Grimod G, Avolio L, Balduini A, Zuffardi O. Low penetrance COL5A1 variants in a young patient with intracranial aneurysm and very mild signs of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 64:104099. [PMID: 33189937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults, whose genetic susceptibility factors are still largely unknown. Nevertheless, subtle ultrastructural connective tissue alterations (especially in the collagen fibril morphology) are recognized in a large proportion of CeAD patients, in which recent genetic investigations reported an enrichment of variants in genes associated with known connective tissue disorders. In this regard, COL5A1 variants have been reported in a small subset of CeAD patients, with or without classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS) features. We investigated a 22-year-old patient with intracranial aneurysm and mild connective tissue manifestations reminiscent of EDS. Whole-exome sequencing identified two COL5A1 missense variants in trans configuration: NM_000093.5:c.[1588G>A];[4135C>T], NP_000084.3:p.[(Gly530Ser)];[(Pro1379Ser)]. Functional assays demonstrated a significant decrease of collagen α1(V) chain expression in both heterozygous parents compared to control cells, and an additive effect of these two variants in the proband. Interestingly, both parents manifested very subtle EDS signs, such as atrophic scars, recurrent bone fractures, colonic diverticulosis, varicose veins, and osteoarthritis. Our findings emphasize the involvement of COL5A1 in the predisposition to vascular phenotypes and provide novel insights on the c.1588G>A variant, whose functional significance has not been definitely established. In fact, it was previously reported as both "disease modifying", and as a biallelic causative mutation (with heterozygous individuals showing subtle clinical signs of cEDS). We speculated that the c.1588G>A variant might lead to overt phenotype in combination with additional genetic "hits" lowering the collagen α1(V) chain expression below a hypothetical disease threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Errichiello
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Malara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Grimod
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital A. Manzoni, Lecco, Italy
| | - Luigi Avolio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Traenka C, Debette S. Extracellular matrix protein signature in cervical artery dissection: The key differentiator? Neurology 2020; 95:663-664. [PMID: 32887779 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Traenka
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T.), University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; and University of Bordeaux and Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux, France.
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T.), University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; and University of Bordeaux and Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux, France
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29
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Mayer L, Pechlaner R, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Boehme C, Toell T, Lynch M, Yin X, Willeit J, Gizewski ER, Perco P, Ratzinger G, Kiechl S, Mayr M, Knoflach M. Extracellular matrix protein signature of recurrent spontaneous cervical artery dissection. Neurology 2020; 95:e2047-e2055. [PMID: 32887783 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether connective tissue disorder is evident in patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection and therefore identify patients at risk of recurrence using a cutting-edge quantitative proteomics approach. METHODS In the ReSect study, all patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection treated at the Innsbruck University Hospital since 1996 were invited to attend a standardized clinical follow-up examination. Protein abundance in skin punch biopsies (n = 50) was evaluated by a cutting-edge quantitative proteomics approach (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) that has hitherto not been applied to such patients. RESULTS Patients with 1-time single-vessel (n = 19) or multiple-vessel (n = 13) dissections did not differ between each other or compared to healthy controls (n = 12) in protein composition. Patients with recurrent spontaneous cervical artery dissection (n = 6), however, showed significantly different expression of 25 proteins compared to the other groups combined. Literature review and Gene Ontology term annotation check revealed that 13 of the differently expressed proteins play a major role in the structural integrity of connective tissue or are linked to connective tissue disorders. These proteins showed clustering to a collagen/elastin cluster and one consisting of desmosome related proteins. CONCLUSION This study unravels an extracellular matrix protein signature of recurrent spontaneous cervical artery dissection. In the long run and after large-scale validation, our findings may well assist in identifying patients at risk of recurrent spontaneous cervical artery dissection and thus guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mayer
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Boehme
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Toell
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marc Lynch
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke R Gizewski
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Perco
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gudrun Ratzinger
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- From the Departments of Neurology (L.M., R.P., C.B., T.T., J.W., S.K., M.K.), Neuroradiology (E.R.G.), Internal Medicine IV (P.P.), and Dermatology (G.R.), Medical University Innsbruck, Austria; King's British Heart Foundation Centre (J.B.-B., M.L., X.Y., M.M.), King's College London, London, UK; and VASCage (S.K.), Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria.
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von Kodolitsch Y, Demolder A, Girdauskas E, Kaemmerer H, Kornhuber K, Muino Mosquera L, Morris S, Neptune E, Pyeritz R, Rand-Hendriksen S, Rahman A, Riise N, Robert L, Staufenbiel I, Szöcs K, Vanem TT, Linke SJ, Vogler M, Yetman A, De Backer J. Features of Marfan syndrome not listed in the Ghent nosology – the dark side of the disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 17:883-915. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1704625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yskert von Kodolitsch
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Anthony Demolder
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Harald Kaemmerer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich
| | - Katharina Kornhuber
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Centre Munich of the Free State of Bavaria, Munich
| | - Laura Muino Mosquera
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shaine Morris
- Department of Pediatrics-Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reed Pyeritz
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Svend Rand-Hendriksen
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Alexander Rahman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Nina Riise
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
| | - Leema Robert
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Katalin Szöcs
- German Aorta Center Hamburg at University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf University Heart Centre, Clinics for Cardiology and Heart Surgery, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre
| | - Thy Thy Vanem
- TRS, National Resource Centre for Rare Disorders, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephan J. Linke
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Ophthalmological practice at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, zentrumsehstärke, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Vogler
- German Marfan Association, Marfan Hilfe Deutschland e.V, Eutin, Germany
| | - Anji Yetman
- Vascular Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Julie De Backer
- Center for Medical Genetics and Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Ghent, Belgium
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Traenka C, Grond-Ginsbach C, Goeggel Simonetti B, Metso TM, Debette S, Pezzini A, Kloss M, Majersik JJ, Southerland AM, Leys D, Baumgartner R, Caso V, Béjot Y, De Marchis GM, Fischer U, Polymeris A, Sarikaya H, Thijs V, Worrall BB, Bersano A, Brandt T, Gensicke H, Bonati LH, Touzeé E, Martin JJ, Chabriat H, Tatlisumak T, Arnold M, Engelter ST, Lyrer P. Artery occlusion independently predicts unfavorable outcome in cervical artery dissection. Neurology 2019; 94:e170-e180. [PMID: 31757869 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of dissected artery occlusion (DAO) on functional outcome and complications in patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD). METHODS We analyzed combined individual patient data from 3 multicenter cohorts of consecutive patients with CeAD (the Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients [CADISP]-Plus consortium dataset). Patients with data on DAO and functional outcome were included. We compared patients with DAO to those without DAO. Primary outcome was favorable functional outcome (i.e., modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0-1) measured 3-6 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes included delayed cerebral ischemia, major hemorrhage, recurrent CeAD, and death. We performed univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses and calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Of 2,148 patients (median age 45 years [interquartile range (IQR) 38-52], 43.6% women), 728 (33.9%) had DAO. Patients with DAO more frequently presented with cerebral ischemia (84.6% vs 58.5%, p < 0.001). Patients with DAO were less likely to have favorable outcome when compared to patients without DAO (mRS 0-1: 59.6% vs 80.1%, p unadjusted < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, and initial stroke severity, DAO was independently associated with less favorable outcome (mRS 0-1: OR 0.65, CI 0.50-0.84, p = 0.001). Delayed cerebral ischemia occurred more frequently in patients with DAO than in patients without DAO (4.5% vs 2.9%, p = 0.059). CONCLUSION DAO independently predicts less favorable functional outcome in patients with CeAD. Further research on vessel patency, collateral status and effects of revascularization therapies particularly in patients with DAO is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Traenka
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Caspar Grond-Ginsbach
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Goeggel Simonetti
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tiina M Metso
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manja Kloss
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer J Majersik
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew M Southerland
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Didier Leys
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf Baumgartner
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valeria Caso
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yannick Béjot
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Urs Fischer
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Polymeris
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hakan Sarikaya
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Thijs
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Bersano
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Brandt
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leo H Bonati
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Touzeé
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan J Martin
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hugues Chabriat
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcel Arnold
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (C.T., G.M.D.M., A. Polymeris, H.G., L.H.B., S.T.E., P.L.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Neurology (C.G.-G., M.K.) and Vascular and Endovascular Surgery (C.G.-G.), Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Neurology (B.G.S., U.F., H.S., M.A.), University Hospital Bern; Ospedale San Giovanni (B.G.S.), Bellinzona, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.M.M., T.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Bordeaux University Hospital; Inserm U1219 (S.D.), Bordeaux; University of Bordeaux (S.D.), France; Department of Neurology (S.D.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.Pezzini.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences (A.M.S., B.B.W.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville; Univ-Lille (D.L.), Inserm U1171, CHU Lille, France; Neuro Center (R.B.), Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Unit and Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine (V.C.), University of Perugia, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne (Y.B.), EA7460, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cardio-Cerebro-Vascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology (H.S.), University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland; Stroke Theme (V.T.), Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (V.T.), Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Cerebrovascular Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (A.B.), Milan, Italy; Swiss National Accident Insurance Institution (T.B.), Lucerne, Switzerland; Normandie Université (E.T.), Université Caen Normandie, Inserm U1037, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Normandie; Department of Neurology (E.T.), CH Sainte-Anne, University Paris Descartes, France; Department of Neurology (J.J.M.), Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina; Department of Neurology (H.C.), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; and Department of Clinical Neuroscience Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Traenka C, Kloss M, Strom T, Lyrer P, Brandt T, Bonati LH, Grond-Ginsbach C, Engelter S. Rare genetic variants in patients with cervical artery dissection. Eur Stroke J 2019; 4:355-362. [PMID: 31903434 DOI: 10.1177/2396987319861869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The potential role of genetic alterations in cervical artery dissection (CeAD) pathogenesis is poorly understood. We aimed to identify pathogenic genetic variants associated with cervical artery dissection by using whole exome sequencing. Patients and methods CeAD-patients with either a family history of cervical artery dissection (f-CeAD) or recurrent cervical artery dissection (r-CeAD) from the CeAD-databases of two experienced stroke centres were analysed by whole exome sequencing.Variants with allele frequency <0.05 and classified as pathogenic by predicting algorithms (SIFT or Polyphen-2) or the ClinVar database were explored. First, we analysed a panel of 30 candidate genes associated with arterial dissection (any site) or aneurysm according to the OMIM (online Mendelian Inheritance of Men) database. Second, we performed a genome-wide search for pathogenic variants causing other vascular phenotypes possibly related to cervical artery dissection.Findings were classified as CeAD-causing (pathogenic variants in genes from the arterial dissection or aneurysm panel) or suggestive (pathogenic variants in genes associated with other vascular phenotypes and variants of unknown significance in genes from the arterial dissection or aneurysm panel). All other variants were classified as benign/uncertain. Results Among 43 CeAD-patients, 28 patients (17 pedigrees) had f-CeAD and 15 had r-CeAD. No CeAD-causing variants were identified in r-CeAD patients. Among f-CeAD-patients, 5/17 pedigrees carried CeAD-causing variants in COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A3, COL4A4, COL5A1, COL5A2 and FBN1. Suggestive variants in ABCC6, COL3A1, COL5A2, MEF2A, and RNF213 were detected in three pedigrees with f-CeAD and six patients with r-CeAD.Discussion and conclusion: CeAD-causing variants were rare and exclusively found in f-CeAD-patients, suggesting differences between the genetic architectures of f-CeAD and r-CeAD. The identified variants indicate a high genetic heterogeneity of the study sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Traenka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manja Kloss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Brandt
- Suva/Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bonati
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caspar Grond-Ginsbach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Dichgans M, Pulit SL, Rosand J. Stroke genetics: discovery, biology, and clinical applications. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:587-599. [PMID: 30975520 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, a leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide, has a heritable component. Recent gene discovery efforts have expanded the number of known single-gene disorders associated with stroke and have linked common variants at approximately 35 genetic loci to stroke risk. These discoveries have highlighted novel mechanisms and pathways implicated in stroke related to large artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, and small vessel disease, and defined shared genetic influences with related vascular traits. Genetics has also successfully established causal relationships with risk factors and holds promise for prioritising targets for exploration in clinical trials. Genome-wide polygenic scores enable the identification of high-risk individuals before the emergence of vascular risk factors. Challenges ahead include a better understanding of rare variants and ancestral differences for integration of genetics into precision medicine, integration with other omics data, uncovering the genetic factors that govern stroke recurrence and stroke outcome, and the conversion of genetic discoveries to novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Program in Medical Population and Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Program in Medical Population and Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Triple and quadruple cervical artery dissections: a systematic review of individual patient data. J Neurol 2019; 266:1383-1388. [PMID: 30904955 PMCID: PMC6517349 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Simultaneous dissection of three or four cervical arteries rarely occurs. As a result, limited information is available on clinical characteristics, underlying causes, treatment, and outcome of these patients. METHODS We performed a systematic review of individual patient data on triple and quadruple cervical artery dissection (CeAD). We included all cases for whom, at minimum, data on age, sex and affected cervical arteries were available. RESULTS Out of 1396 publications identified in the initial search, 52 were included, with data available on 96 patients. Mean age was 42 years and 66% were women. 63% had triple CeAD. The most common manifestations were headache (69%), neck pain (44%), motor deficit (36%), and Horner syndrome (34%). 57% had an ischemic stroke, in the majority of these patients the stroke was confined to the vascular territory of a single artery. 83% were managed medically (antiplatelets or anticoagulants) and 11% underwent endovascular treatment. An underlying disease or triggering event was identified in 71%, most commonly trauma (35%, cervical manipulative therapy in 13%), infection (18%), fibromuscular dysplasia (16%), and hereditary connective tissue disorder (8%). In-hospital mortality was 1%. 80% of patients had a good functional outcome (mRS 0-1) at follow-up. Two recurrences (3%) were reported. CONCLUSIONS Triple or quadruple CeAD mostly affected young women, and underlying disease or triggering event could be identified in more than two-thirds of patients. Less than two-thirds of triple or quadruple CeAD patients suffered ischemic stroke. Most patients were managed medically and the majority had a favorable outcome.
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Management of Stroke in Neonates and Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2019; 50:e51-e96. [DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Krittanawong C, Kumar A, Johnson KW, Luo Y, Yue B, Wang Z, Bhatt DL. Conditions and Factors Associated With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (from a National Population-Based Cohort Study). Am J Cardiol 2019; 123:249-253. [PMID: 30477805 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is heterogeneous, associated with systemic arteriopathies and inflammatory diseases, and often compounded by environmental precipitants, genetics, or stressors. However, the frequency of these associated conditions with SCAD on a population level remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this analysis was to evaluate heterogeneous phenotypes of SCAD in the United States using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample collected from January 1, 2004, to September 31, 2015. Among 66,360 patients diagnosed with SCAD, the mean age was 63.1 ± 13.2 years and 44.2% were women. A total of 3,415 (5.14%) had depression, 670 (1.0%) had rheumatoid arthritis, 640 (0.96%) had anxiety, 545 (0.82%) had a migraine disorder, 440 (0.66%) used steroids, 385 (0.58%) had malignant hypertension, 280 (0.42%) had systemic lupus erythematosus, 250 (0.38%) had cocaine abuse, 215 (0.32%) had hypertensive heart or renal disease, 130 (0.19%) had coronary spasm, 105 (0.16%) had fibromuscular dysplasia, 85 (0.13%) had Crohn's disease, 75 (0.11%) had celiac disease, 60 (0.09%) had adult autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, 60 (0.09%) had hormone replacement therapy, 55 (0.08%) had sarcoidosis, 55 (0.08%) had amphetamine abuse, 15 (0.02%) had granulomatosis polyangiitis, 10 (0.02%) had α1-antitrypsin deficiency, 10 (0.02%) had Marfan syndrome, 10 (0.02%) had Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 10 (0.02%) had Kawasaki disease, 10 (0.02%) had polyarteritis nodosa, and 5 (0.01%) had multiparity. In conclusion, most cases of SCAD had no apparent concomitant arteriopathy, inflammatory disorder, or evident risk factor.
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Henrard C, Belge H, Fastré S, Di Monaco S, Revencu N, Hammer F, Pasquet A, Persu A. Cervical artery dissection: fibromuscular dysplasia versus vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Blood Press 2019; 28:139-143. [PMID: 30623691 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2018.1557507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 42-year-old patient referred for suspicion of fibromuscular dysplasia in the context of a carotid artery dissection occurring after a minor trauma. Initial complaints included left hemicrania, lateral diplopia with left 6th cranial nerve palsy and pulsatile tinnitus. The work-up disclosed a large left carotid-cavernous fistula, as well as more proximal carotid lesions compatible with multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia. Personal history included colonic and uterine perforation. Family history disclosed a fatal hemorrhage due to rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm in the father and an iliac dissection in the sister. Genetic screening revealed a mutation in exon 6 of the COL3A1 gene in the index patient and her sister, confirming the diagnosis of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS). This case report shows that images suggestive of fibromuscular dysplasia may be found in patients with demonstrated vEDS. Furthermore, it reminds that in case of cervical artery dissection occurring in a young patient, all efforts should be made to diagnose the underlying condition. In particular, the existence of a family history of arterial dissection, the occurrence of a carotid-cavernous fistula and coexistence with other complications suggestive of a connective tissue disease should prompt physicians to consider the diagnosis of vEDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Henrard
- a Division of Cardiology , Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Hendrica Belge
- b The Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Clinical Genetics , Gosselies , Belgium
| | - Sophie Fastré
- c Division of Neurology , Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Silvia Di Monaco
- a Division of Cardiology , Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.,d Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division , AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Nicole Revencu
- e Center for Human Genetics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Frank Hammer
- f Department of Radiology , Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Agnès Pasquet
- a Division of Cardiology , Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.,g Pole of Cardiovascular Research , Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Alexandre Persu
- a Division of Cardiology , Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.,g Pole of Cardiovascular Research , Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
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38
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Deniz Ç, Asil T, Tunç A. Extracranial and intracranial artery dissections: Experiences from a tertiary referral center. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.497896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mackay MT, Steinlin M. Recent developments and new frontiers in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke 2018; 14:32-43. [PMID: 30079825 DOI: 10.1177/1747493018790064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review will discuss important developments in childhood arterial ischemic stroke over the past decade, focusing on improved understanding of the causes, consequences, and targets for intervention. Risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke are different to adults. Infections, particularly herpes group viruses, are important precipitants for stroke. Non-atherosclerotic arteriopathies are the most common cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and an important predictor of recurrent events. Recent advances include the identification of serum biomarkers for inflammation and endothelial injury, and imaging biomarkers to monitor for vascular progression. Multicenter trials of immunotherapies in focal cerebral arteriopathies are currently in development. Recognition of clinical and radiological phenotypic patterns has facilitated the discovery of multisystem disorders associated with arterial ischemic stroke including ACTA2 arteriopathy and adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency. Identification of these Mendelian disorders provide insights into genetic mechanisms of disease and have implications for medical and surgical management. In contrast to adults, there are long diagnostic delays in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Refinement of pediatric Code Stroke protocols and clinical decision support tools are essential to improve diagnostic certainty and improve access to reperfusion therapies. Children do not recover better than adults following arterial ischemic stroke, with more than half of survivors having long-term impairments. The physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences of childhood arterial ischemic stroke are increasingly reported but further research is required to understand their impact on participation, quality of life, psychosocial, and family functioning. Longitudinal studies and the use of advanced imaging techniques, to understand neurobiological correlates of functional reorganization, are essential to developing targeted intervention strategies to facilitate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mackay
- 1 Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,2 Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,3 Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,4 Florey Institute of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maja Steinlin
- 5 Division of Paediatric Neurology, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,6 Department of Paediatrics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Compter A, Schilling S, Vaineau CJ, Goeggel-Simonetti B, Metso TM, Southerland A, Pezzini A, Kloss M, Touzé E, Worrall BB, Thijs V, Bejot Y, Reiner P, Grond-Ginsbach C, Bersano A, Brandt T, Caso V, Lyrer PA, Traenka C, Lichy C, Martin JJ, Leys D, Sarikaya H, Baumgartner RW, Jung S, Fischer U, Engelter ST, Dallongeville J, Chabriat H, Tatlisumak T, Bousser MG, Arnold M, Debette S. Determinants and outcome of multiple and early recurrent cervical artery dissections. Neurology 2018; 91:e769-e780. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess putative risk factors and outcome of multiple and early recurrent cervical artery dissection (CeAD).MethodsWe combined data from 2 multicenter cohorts and compared patients with multiple CeAD at initial diagnosis, early recurrent CeAD within 3 to 6 months, and single nonrecurrent CeAD. Putative risk factors, clinical characteristics, functional outcome, and risk of recurrent ischemic events were assessed.ResultsOf 1,958 patients with CeAD (mean ± SD age 44.3 ± 10 years, 43.9% women), 1,588 (81.1%) had single nonrecurrent CeAD, 340 (17.4%) had multiple CeAD, and 30 (1.5%) presented with single CeAD at admission and had early recurrent CeAD. Patients with multiple or early recurrent CeAD did not significantly differ with respect to putative risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcome. In multivariable analyses, patients with multiple or early recurrent CeAD more often had recent infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–2.53), vertebral artery dissection (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.34–2.46), family history of stroke (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.25), cervical pain (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01–1.84), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.01–8.04) at initial presentation compared to patients with single nonrecurrent CeAD. Patients with multiple or early recurrent CeAD also had a higher incidence of cerebral ischemia (hazard ratio 2.77, 95% CI 1.49–5.14) at 3 to 6 months but no difference in functional outcome compared to patients with single nonrecurrent CeAD.ConclusionPatients with multiple and early recurrent CeAD share similar risk factors, clinical characteristics, and functional outcome. Compared to patients with single nonrecurrent CeAD, they are more likely to have recurrent cerebral ischemia at 3 to 6 months, possibly reflecting an underlying transient vasculopathy.
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The frontal skull Hounsfield unit value can predict ventricular enlargement in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10178. [PMID: 29977066 PMCID: PMC6033863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common complication following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) arising from spontaneous aneurysm rupture. The Hounsfield unit (HU) value from computed tomography scans may reflect bone mineral density, which correlates with body mass index, which in turn is related to post-SAH ventricle size changes. We herein investigated potential associations between frontal skull HU values and ventricle size changes after SAH. HU values from four different areas in the frontal bone were averaged to minimize measurement errors. The bicaudate index and Evans ratio were measured using both baseline and follow-up CT images. CT images with bicaudate index >0.2 and Evans ratio >0.3 simultaneously were defined as indicating ventriculomegaly. We included 232 consecutive patients with SAH due to primary spontaneous aneurysm rupture, who underwent clipping over almost a 9-year period at a single institution. The first tertile of frontal skull HU values in older patients (≥55 years) was an independent predictor of ventriculomegaly after SAH, as compared to the third tertile in younger patients (hazard ratio, 4.01; 95% confidence interval 1.21-13.30; p = 0.023). The lower frontal skull HU value independently predicted ventricular enlargement post-SAH, due to the potential weak integrity of subarachnoid trabecular structures in younger patients.
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Grond-Ginsbach C, Engelter ST. Genetics of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Gains New Momentum. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e002148. [DOI: 10.1161/circgen.118.002148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Grond-Ginsbach
- Neurology Department, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.G.-G.). Department of Neurology & Stroke Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.). Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Center for Medicine of Aging & Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.)
| | - Stefan T. Engelter
- Neurology Department, University of Heidelberg, Germany (C.G.-G.). Department of Neurology & Stroke Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.). Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Center for Medicine of Aging & Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland (S.T.E.)
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Carotid dissection mimicking sinusitis. JAAPA 2018; 31:44-46. [DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000529782.07930.ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Sporns PB, Niederstadt T, Heindel W, Raschke MJ, Hartensuer R, Dittrich R, Hanning U. Imaging of Spontaneous and Traumatic Cervical Artery Dissection : Comparison of Typical CT Angiographic Features. Clin Neuroradiol 2018; 29:269-275. [PMID: 29374294 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-0666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is an important etiology of ischemic stroke and early recognition is vital to protect patients from the major complication of cerebral embolization by administration of anticoagulants. The etiology of arterial dissections differ and can be either spontaneous or traumatic. Even though the historical gold standard is still catheter angiography, recent studies suggest a good performance of computed tomography angiography (CTA) for detection of CAD. We conducted this research to evaluate the variety and frequency of possible imaging signs of spontaneous and traumatic CAD and to guide neuroradiologists' decision making. METHODS Retrospective review of the database of our multiple injured patients admitted to the Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery of the University Hospital Münster in Germany (a level 1 trauma center) for patients with traumatic CAD (tCAD) and of our stroke database (2008-2015) for patients with spontaneous CAD (sCAD) and CT/CTA on initial clinical work-up. All images were evaluated concerning specific and sensitive radiological features for dissection by two experienced neuroradiologists. Imaging features were compared between the two etiologies. RESULTS This study included 145 patients (99 male, 46 female; 45 ± 18.8 years of age), consisting of 126 dissected arteries with a traumatic and 43 with spontaneous etiology. Intimal flaps were more frequently observed after traumatic etiology (58.1% tCADs, 6.9% sCADs; p < 0.001); additionally, multivessel dissections were much more frequent in trauma patients (3 sCADs, 21 tCADs) and only less than half (42%) of the patients with traumatic dissections showed cervical spine fractures. CONCLUSION Neuroradiologists should be aware that intimal flaps and multivessel dissections are more common after a traumatic etiology. In addition, it seems important to conduct a CTA in a trauma setting, even if no cervical spine fracture is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Sporns
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Thomas Niederstadt
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael J Raschke
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus, Building W1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - René Hartensuer
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus, Building W1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Dittrich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Uta Hanning
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Spontaneous cervical artery dissection is accompanied by a hypercoagulable state and simultaneous inflammatory condition. J Neurol 2017; 265:308-314. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Increased Prevalence of Cerebrovascular Disease in Hospitalized Patients with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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47
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Cervical artery dissection expands the cardiovascular phenotype in FBN1
-related Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2551-2556. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Schlemm L, Nolte CH, Engelter ST, Endres M, Ebinger M. Cervical artery dissection after sports - An analytical evaluation of 190 published cases. Eur Stroke J 2017; 2:335-345. [PMID: 31008325 DOI: 10.1177/2396987317720544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cervical artery dissections may be preceded by mechanical trigger events, often related to sports. Methods Using the MEDLINE database, we identified case reports and case series of sports-related cervical artery dissections. Information of the type of sport, age and gender of the patient, affected vessels, associated infarction, time delay, and neurological sequelae were extracted. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between sport groups using analysis of variance and Chi square tests. Differences were further assessed with adjusted post hoc tests and homogenous subsets. Results A total of 115 reports describing 190 patients with cervical artery dissections related to 45 different sports were identified. The mean age of all patients was 35 years; 26% of all patients were women. Anterior and posterior circulation, as well as left and right side were affected with similar frequency. Patients belonging to different sport categories differed significantly with regard to age (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), and affected circulation (anterior vs. posterior, p = 0.02). The posterior circulation was most often affected in golf players (88%) and least often in individuals engaging in exercise (23%) and scuba divers (29%). Laterality (left vs. right) and mortality were similar between sport groups. Discussion We performed a comprehensive review and analytical evaluation of case reports describing patients with cervical artery dissections after sport. Confirmation of our findings in prospective studies is needed. Conclusion Cervical artery dissection has been described in relation to a wide variety of sports. The risk of injury to particular neurovascular structures may depend on the type sport involved. Discipline-specific incidence rates are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Schlemm
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland.,Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, MEDICAL PARK Berlin Humboldtmühle, Berlin, Germany
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Dissection and Aneurysm in Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Findings From the U.S. Registry for FMD. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:176-85. [PMID: 27386771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a noninflammatory arterial disease that predominantly affects women. The arterial manifestations may include beading, stenosis, aneurysm, dissection, or tortuosity. OBJECTIVES This study compared the frequency, location, and outcomes of FMD patients with aneurysm and/or dissection to those of patients without. METHODS The U.S. Registry for FMD involves 12 clinical centers. This analysis included clinical history, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedure results for 921 FMD patients enrolled in the registry as of October 17, 2014. RESULTS Aneurysm occurred in 200 patients (21.7%) and dissection in 237 patients (25.7%); in total, 384 patients (41.7%) had an aneurysm and/or a dissection by the time of FMD diagnosis. The extracranial carotid, renal, and intracranial arteries were the most common sites of aneurysm; dissection most often occurred in the extracranial carotid, vertebral, renal, and coronary arteries. FMD patients with dissection were younger at presentation (48.4 vs. 53.5 years of age, respectively; p < 0.0001) and experienced more neurological symptoms and other end-organ ischemic events than those without dissection. One-third of aneurysm patients (63 of 200) underwent therapeutic intervention for aneurysm repair. CONCLUSIONS Patients with FMD have a high prevalence of aneurysm and/or dissection prior to or at the time of FMD diagnosis. Patients with dissection were more likely to experience ischemic events, and a significant number of patients with dissection or aneurysm underwent therapeutic procedures for these vascular events. Because of the high prevalence and associated morbidity in patients with FMD who have an aneurysm and/or dissection, it is recommended that every patient with FMD undergo one-time cross-sectional imaging from head to pelvis with computed tomographic angiography or magnetic resonance angiography.
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