1
|
Wusthoff CJ, Shellhaas RA. Time Alone Is Not Enough: An Urgent Need for Active Sponsorship of Women in Child Neurology. Neurology 2024; 103:e209838. [PMID: 39159415 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Wusthoff
- From the Department of Neurology (C.J.W.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Renée A Shellhaas
- From the Department of Neurology (C.J.W.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; and Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dy-Hollins ME, Hall DA, Cahill CM, Meyer ACL, Peltier AC, Ostendorf T, Rheaume CE, Keran CM, Goldman MD. A Qualitative Study of Facilitators, Barriers, and Gender Disparities in Academic Neurology. Neurology 2024; 103:e209392. [PMID: 38885474 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To understand the challenges and facilitators of a successful academic neurology research career broadly and to identify gender-based disparities specifically. METHODS In 2019, participants self-identifying as researchers, preregistered for the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting, ≥7 years out of residency, and authors of ≥1 AAN meeting abstract submission (2006-2009) were selected to participate in the qualitative study (purposeful sampling strategy). To increase diversity, 15 participants were invited by members involved in the AAN until interviews were complete. The AAN at the time of the study asked gender using sex-based terms. Participants were asked predetermined and open-ended questions. Themes were generated using a flexible coding methodology. RESULTS Sixty neurologists (31 women, 29 men) participated in the focus groups and individual interviews. Six predetermined domains relevant to a successful neurology research career were explored: success definitions, facilitators, barriers, biases and harassment, mitigation strategies, and participant recommendations. Gender-based differences were noted during discussions focused on barriers and biases and harassment. Lack of women mentors, under-representation of women in senior faculty positions, and competing responsibilities when children are young were identified as barriers to women's success. Participants acknowledged that known gender disparities in compensation, academic promotion, and publications disproportionately affect women. Women shared more experiences of bias and harassment. Some men felt that gender-based biases were minimal to nonexistent. Participants shared their recommendations on ways to mitigate gender disparities and pursue a neurology research career. Leadership involvement locally and nationally in advocating and implementing change outside academic institutions was also mentioned as being valuable. DISCUSSION Our findings may not be generalizable to academic neurologists outside the United States. Women academic neurology researchers experienced disparities across several domains affecting success: lower compensation, fewer women mentors, bias, and harassment. Women are less likely to be promoted, have less research success, and job satisfaction. Shared experiences of bias and harassment among women neurology researchers indicate continuing opportunity for education among departments and colleagues for preventive measures. These qualitative results indicate gender disparities among US-based neurology researchers and highlight the importance of the continued need to work toward equality and equity in disparate gender-related issues in the careers of neurology researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisela E Dy-Hollins
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Deborah A Hall
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Carolyn M Cahill
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Ana-Claire L Meyer
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Amanda C Peltier
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Tasha Ostendorf
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Carol E Rheaume
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Christopher M Keran
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Myla D Goldman
- From the Department of Neurology (M.E.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.M.C., T.O., C.E.R., C.M.K.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; Former Member of the AAN Clinical Research Subcommittee (A.-C.L.M.), Denali Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.C.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and Department of Neurology (M.D.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Khouri AC, Giavatto C, Hickman A, Fitzpatrick C, Mourani J, Tiger K, Rees M, Lopez-Medina AI. Health-system specialty pharmacist intervention types, acceptance, and associated actions for patients with multiple sclerosis. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2024; 81:S29-S39. [PMID: 38298009 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Health-system specialty pharmacy (HSSP) pharmacists play an integral role in the care of patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) by facilitating medication access, providing counseling, improving adherence, and decreasing provider workload. However, current literature detailing pharmacist interventions and their acceptance rates in this population is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the types and acceptance rate of clinical interventions completed by pharmacists for PwMS. METHODS To evaluate the acceptance rate of HSSP pharmacist interventions, we conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational, descriptive study for the period from October 2019 to August 2022. Intervention types were categorized into reasons for intervention, recommendations from the pharmacists, and their acceptance rates. RESULTS For 225 patients enrolled in HSSP services, 449 interventions were completed, with an average of 2.0 interventions per patient. Most interventions identified were associated with medication adherence (28.7%), medication regimen (27.6%), adverse drug reaction (ADR) (20.7%), and laboratory values (15.1%). The average adherence, defined by the proportion of days covered, was 94%. The most common recommendations were to continue therapy (14.9%), schedule laboratory tests (12.7%), and follow up with providers (11.8%). Recommendations had an acceptance rate of 85.3%, with 3.8% of recommendations declined and 10.9% requiring follow-up with providers. CONCLUSION Pharmacists impact patient outcomes through the completion of clinical interventions that improve adherence, identify medication regimen problems, manage ADRs, and coordinate proper laboratory testing. Pharmacist recommendations were most often accepted for interventions related to medication regimen and ADRs. Proper identification and management of medication regimen concerns, as well as tolerability of medications, can positively impact adherence and improve overall patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kipp Tiger
- CPS Solutions, LLC, Dublin, OH
- Summa Health System, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Megan Rees
- CPS Solutions, LLC, Dublin, OH
- Summa Health System, Akron, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johnson KG, Ford C, Clark AG, Greiner MA, Lusk JB, Perry C, O'Brien R, O'Brien EC. Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medication Use in Medicare Beneficiaries With Dementia by Sex and Race. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024:8919887241254470. [PMID: 38769750 DOI: 10.1177/08919887241254470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric symptoms affect the majority of dementia patients. Past studies report high rates of potentially inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medications in this population. We investigate differences in neuropsychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescribing in a local US cohort by sex and race. METHODS We utilize Medicare claims and prescription fill records in a cohort of 100% Medicare North and South Carolina beneficiaries ages 50 and above for the year 2017 with a dementia diagnosis. We identify dementia and quantify diagnosis of anxiety, depression and psychosis using validated coding algorithms. We search Medicare claims for antianxiety, antidepressant and antipsychotic medications to determine prescriptions filled. RESULTS Anxiety and depression were diagnosed at higher rates in White patients; psychosis at higher rates in Black patients. (P < .001) Females were diagnosed with anxiety, depression and psychosis at higher rates than males (P < .001) and filled more antianxiety and antidepressant medications than males. (P < .001) Black and Other race patients filled more antipsychotic medications for anxiety, depression and psychosis than White patients. (P < .001) Antidepressants were prescribed at higher rates than antianxiety or antipsychotic medications across all patients and diagnoses. Of patients with no neuropsychiatric diagnosis, 11.4% were prescribed an antianxiety medication, 22.8% prescribed an antidepressant and 7.6% prescribed an antipsychotic. CONCLUSIONS The high fill rate of antianxiety (benzodiazepine) medications in dementia patients, especially females is a concern. Patients are prescribed psychotropic medications at high rates. This practice may represent potentially inappropriate prescribing. Patient/caregiver education with innovative community outreach and care delivery models may help decrease medication use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cassie Ford
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy G Clark
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa A Greiner
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jay B Lusk
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cody Perry
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Emily C O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Spoon K, LaBerge N, Wapman KH, Zhang S, Morgan AC, Galesic M, Fosdick BK, Larremore DB, Clauset A. Gender and retention patterns among U.S. faculty. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi2205. [PMID: 37862417 PMCID: PMC10588949 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Women remain underrepresented among faculty in nearly all academic fields. Using a census of 245,270 tenure-track and tenured professors at United States-based PhD-granting departments, we show that women leave academia overall at higher rates than men at every career age, in large part because of strongly gendered attrition at lower-prestige institutions, in non-STEM fields, and among tenured faculty. A large-scale survey of the same faculty indicates that the reasons faculty leave are gendered, even for institutions, fields, and career ages in which retention rates are not. Women are more likely than men to feel pushed from their jobs and less likely to feel pulled toward better opportunities, and women leave or consider leaving because of workplace climate more often than work-life balance. These results quantify the systemic nature of gendered faculty retention; contextualize its relationship with career age, institutional prestige, and field; and highlight the importance of understanding the gendered reasons for attrition rather than focusing on rates alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Spoon
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas LaBerge
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - K. Hunter Wapman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Sam Zhang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Allison C. Morgan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Bailey K. Fosdick
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel B. Larremore
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Aaron Clauset
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hall DA, Cahill C, Meyer ACL, Peltier A, Dy-Hollins M, Goldman M. Gender Disparities in the Career of Neurology Researchers. Neurology 2023; 100:e454-e464. [PMID: 36270897 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To assess gender disparities in neurology researcher careers in the United States. METHODS A 34-question survey was distributed to 4,644 US-based American Academy of Neurology members who self-identified as researchers in 2020 addressing the following domains: research and funding, scholarly activities, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effect, and local institutional climate. RESULTS A total of 700 (15%) individuals completed the survey (women, n = 231; men, n = 426), with 71% White and >80% conducting research. Women respondents were significantly younger than men, more likely to be assistant professors (32% vs 21%), and less likely to be full professors (18% vs 39%). Compared with men, women received equivalent grants and research support and had comparable or additional formal research training and mentorship. Women had less middle author publications (mean 5.8 [SD 9.2] vs mean 8.2 [SD 11.8], p = 0.03) compared with men but similar first or last author publications (mean 4.3[5.4] vs 6.1 [9.8], p = 0.05). A lower proportion of women presented research at grand rounds or at a national/international conference compared with men (58% vs 69%, p = 0.01). Women spent more time in nonprofessional responsibilities, were less satisfied with their work-life balance, and were less likely to agree with statements addressing equity/diversity and institutional climate. Respondents shared their concerns regarding how the pandemic was affecting neurology research careers, with a higher proportion of women reporting that family responsibilities affected research activities and lead to delayed submission of non-COVID-19-related manuscripts. DISCUSSION Our survey of US-based neurology researchers demonstrated continued gender-based disparities in academic rank, manuscript authorship, and invited speaking engagements, although funding opportunities and access to additional training were equivalent. Women were less likely than men to agree that neurology departments support diversity and equity and that the institutional climate was inclusive and transparent. The pandemic had affected both genders in research, but areas were different for women related to family responsibilities. This article also highlights additional areas of research and areas for intervention to improve and reduce gender disparities among neurology researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Hall
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.
| | - Carolyn Cahill
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Ana-Claire L Meyer
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Amanda Peltier
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Marisela Dy-Hollins
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Myla Goldman
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Casallas-Vanegas A, Guío-Sánchez C, Reyes-Mantilla MI, Restrepo-Aristizábal C, Navas-Granados A, Guerrero-Gómez A, Zuluaga MI. Gender disparities in multiple sclerosis research and leadership: A Colombian perspective. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1020051. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe neurological academic field is an illustrative example of persistent gender-related disparities reflected in compensation, funding, leadership, promotion, publishing, and recognition. Several studies indicate that neurology is one of the most underrepresented specialties with female physicians as first authors, but also has one of the highest gender payment gaps. Neglecting the role of women in academic leadership positions hinders the visibility and recognition of research and leadership in multiple sclerosis (MS). Increasing diversity within academia has positive effects, such as widening focus and expanding the plurality of research outputs. The gender gap and visibility of female MS clinicians and researchers remains an unexplored research topic in our country despite the rising number of female neurologists.ObjectiveThis study aims to establish the gender distribution between researchers and clinical neurologists in multiple sclerosis in Colombia and raise awareness about gender disparities in this area.MethodsWe applied a cross-sectional survey study of Colombian neurologists and neurology residents currently members of the Colombian Neurology Association. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were used for quantitative variables and frequency for qualitative variables. To evaluate the influence of gender, logarithmic regression was used. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26.ResultsA total of 201 participants agreed to complete the survey, most of whom were female (n = 135, 67.2%). All the Colombian regions were represented in the survey. Of those surveyed, 31.5% (n = 64) had an interest in demyelinating diseases and MS, of which 46.8% (n = 30) were female. Of the women with MS training, only 50% (n =5) had more than three publications as the first author of a scientific article compared to men (n = 5, 83%). After adjusting the number of publications by gender, there were no significant differences between men and women (median 2.0[2, 1.21] vs. 2[2, 0.5], p = 0.904). However, only 16.6% (n = 5) of women had a visible academic, leadership, or teaching position compared with men 75.7% (n = 25). When adjusting the salary income by gender, we found a statistically significant difference between women and men (median 2.0 [5, 1.47] vs. 3 [5, 1.65], p = 0.006). Women in MS earned between USD 2,500 and 3,800 per month; while men earned between USD 3,800 to 5,070.ConclusionDespite a higher number of female neurologists trained in MS in Colombia, our data suggest considerable differences and gender gaps with regard to diverse opportunities at the academic, salary promotion, leadership, teaching, and recognition levels between male and female MS neurologists.
Collapse
|
8
|
Paradis KC, Ryan KA, Schmid S, Moran JM, Laucis A, Chapman CH, Bott-Kothari T, Prisciandaro JI, Simiele S, Balter JM, Matuszak MM, Narayana V, Jagsi R. A qualitative investigation of resilience and well-being among medical physics residents. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13554. [PMID: 35128786 PMCID: PMC8906227 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Medical physics residents (MPRs) will define and shape the future of physics in medicine. We sought to better understand the residency experience, as related to resilience and well‐being, through the lens of current MPRs and medical physicists (MPs) working with residents. Methods and materials From February–May 2019, we conducted 32, 1‐h, confidential, semi‐structured interviews with MPs either currently enrolled in an accredited residency (n = 16) or currently employed by a department with an accredited residency (n = 16). Interviews centered on the topics of mentorship, work/life integration, and discrimination. Qualitative analysis methods were used to derive key themes from the interview transcripts. Results With regard to the medical physics residency experience, four key themes emerged during qualitative analysis: the demanding nature of medical physics residencies, the negative impacts of residency on MPRs during training and beyond, strategies MPRs use to cope with residency stress, and the role of professional societies in addressing residency‐related change. Conclusions Residency training is a stress‐inducing time in the path to becoming a board‐certified MP. By uncovering several sources of this stress, we have identified opportunities to support the resiliency and well‐being of MPs in training through recommendations by professional societies, programmatic changes, and interventions at the department and residency program director level for residency programs, as well as strategies that MPRs themselves can use to support well‐being on their career journey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Paradis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kerry A Ryan
- Center for Bioethics and Social Science in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Spencer Schmid
- Center for Bioethics and Social Science in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jean M Moran
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anna Laucis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christina H Chapman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Terri Bott-Kothari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joann I Prisciandaro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Samantha Simiele
- Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James M Balter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martha M Matuszak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vrinda Narayana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Center for Bioethics and Social Science in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hauser J. What palliative care physicians wish neurologists knew. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 190:85-92. [PMID: 36055722 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85029-2.00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes several features of palliative care that we believe can assist neurologists in caring for patients with serious illness. These features include the importance of recognizing suffering, the central of total pain (including physical, emotional, spiritual, and existential aspects), structural features of palliative care such as the distinction been palliative care and hospice, and the concept of primary and specialty palliative care. Structural features of palliative care such as interdisciplinary teamwork, approaches to self-care, and a perspective on prognostic uncertainty are also considered. Throughout this chapter, the focus is on ways in which neurologists can integrate these approaches in caring for patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Whaley CM, Koo T, Arora VM, Ganguli I, Gross N, Jena AB. Female Physicians Earn An Estimated $2 Million Less Than Male Physicians Over A Simulated 40-Year Career. Health Aff (Millwood) 2021; 40:1856-1864. [PMID: 34871074 PMCID: PMC9910787 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Differences in income between male and female academic physicians are well known, but differences for community physicians and career differences in income have not been quantified. We used earnings data from 80,342 full-time US physicians to estimate career differences in income between men and women. The differences in annual income between male and female physicians that we observed in our simulations increased most rapidly during the initial years of practice. Over the course of a simulated forty-year career, male physicians earned an average adjusted gross income of $8,307,327 compared with an average of $6,263,446 for female physicians-an absolute adjusted difference of $2,043,881 and relative difference of 24.6 percent. Gender differences in career earnings were largest for surgical specialists ($2.5 million difference), followed by nonsurgical specialists ($1.6 million difference) and primary care physicians ($0.9 million difference). These findings imply that over the course of a career, female US physicians were estimated to earn, on average, more than $2 million less than male US physicians after adjustment for factors that may otherwise explain observed differences in income, such as hours worked, clinical revenue, practice type, and specialty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Koo
- health policy at the RAND Corporation
| | | | - Ishani Ganguli
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, both in Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knowles JK, Porter BE. Practical Advice on Surviving and Thriving as an Academic Physician-Neuroscientist. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1439-1440. [PMID: 34694341 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet K Knowles
- Division of Child Neurology, Neurology & Neurological Sciences at Stanford, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Division of Child Neurology, Neurology & Neurological Sciences at Stanford, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen AX, Yoffe L, Li A, Trinh XV, Kurian J, Moss HE, Wu AY. Gender Gap in Neurology Research Authorship (1946-2020). Front Neurol 2021; 12:715428. [PMID: 34497579 PMCID: PMC8419229 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.715428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender disparity in the field of neurology impedes scientific advancements and innovations. In 2018, 45.0% of neurology and neurological subspecialty residents were women. Despite a notable rise in the proportion of women neurologists over the past decades, inequalities regarding publication proportions between men and women persist in the field. This cohort study examines authorship trends in articles published in 155 international neurology journals, identified as those listed in the annual Journal Citation Reports' “Clinical Neurology” section. Authors' names, authorship positions and countries of affiliation were extracted from PubMed for indexed articles published from 1946 to 2020. Gender-API (a validated and highly accurate application program interface) assigned binary genders to authors. Author gender proportions were compared across subspecialties, authorship position and years. In 303,385 unique articles, 1,663,036 total authors were identified of which 34.1% were women. Neuroradiology demonstrated the lowest proportion of women authors (21.3%), while neurogenetics displayed the highest (44.5%). In articles with multiple authors, both men and women last authors were more likely to publish with a male first author, though this was significantly more pronounced for men last authors (1.86 vs. 1.08; p < 0.001). From 2002 to 2020, women remained in the minority of last (24.6%), first (36.2%), and middle author positions (35.8%). The authorship gender distribution in neurological journals neither reflects the gender proportion of neurologists in the field overall nor in any subspecialty examined. We also find a tendency for senior and junior authors of the same gender to publish together which perpetuates authorship inequity. Further work is needed to identify underlying causes so that interventions might be developed to improve authorship diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne X Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lilian Yoffe
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Li
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xuan-Vi Trinh
- Department of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jerry Kurian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Heather E Moss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology & Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Albert Y Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Mainali S, Moheet AM, McCredie VA, Livesay S, Manners J, Rhoney DH, Muehlschlegel S. The Neurocritical Care Society Gender Parity Analysis in Grants and Recognition Awards. Neurocrit Care 2021; 35:358-366. [PMID: 33442813 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies across the field of medicine have indicated gender disparity in the reception of prestigious awards and research grants, placing women in medicine at a distinct disadvantage. Gender disparity has been observed in neurology, critical care medicine and within various professional societies. In this study, we have examined the longitudinal trends of gender parity in awards and grants within the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of all available data longitudinally from 2004, when NCS first granted awards through 2019. We used self-identified gender in the membership roster to record gender for each individual. For individuals without recorded gender, we used a previously validated double verification method using a systematic web-based search. We collected data on six awards distributed by the NCS and divided these awards into two main categories: (1) scientific category: (a) Christine Wijman Young Investigator Award; (b) Best Scientific Abstract Award; (c) Fellowship Grant; (d) INCLINE Grant; and (2) non-scientific category: (a) Travel Grant; and (b) Presidential Citation. Available data were analyzed to evaluate longitudinal trends in awards using descriptive statistics and simple or multiple linear regression analyses, as appropriate. RESULTS A total of 445 awards were granted between the years 2004 and 2019. Thirty-six awards were in the scientific category, while 409 awards were in the non-scientific category. Only 8% of women received NCS awards in the scientific awards category, whereas 44% of women received an award in the non-scientific category. Most notable in the scientific category are the Best Scientific Abstract Award and the Fellowship Grant, in which no woman has ever received an award to date, compared to 18 men between both awards. In contrast, women are well represented in the non-scientific awards category with an average of 5% increase per year in the number of women awardees. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal gender disparity, mainly for scientific or research awards. Prompt evaluation of the cause and further actions to address gender disparity in NCS grants and recognition awards is needed to establish gender equity in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Mainali
- Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Asma M Moheet
- Neurocritical Care, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Victoria A McCredie
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Livesay
- College of Nursing, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jody Manners
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Denise H Rhoney
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susanne Muehlschlegel
- Department of Neurology, Anesthesia/Critical Care and Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hinson HE, Gonzales NR. On increasing the visibility of women and other groups underrepresented in medicine: To be it, you must see it. Neurology 2020; 95:991-992. [PMID: 33109626 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H E Hinson
- From Neurology and Emergency Medicine (H.E.H.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Neurology (N.R.G.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
| | - Nicole R Gonzales
- From Neurology and Emergency Medicine (H.E.H.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and Department of Neurology (N.R.G.), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singhal D, Bank AM, Poorman JA, Doshi TL, Parekh R, Parangi S, Hopf HW, Chandrabose R, Larson AR, Silver JK. Representation of women plenary speakers at the American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting. Neurology 2020; 95:e3045-e3059. [PMID: 33109622 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether women have been equitably represented among plenary speakers at the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting by counting and categorizing speakers and comparing outcomes to AAN membership and US neurology workforce data. METHODS Lists of plenary speakers between 1958 and 2019 (62 years) were obtained from the AAN. The primary outcome measures were numbers and proportions of men and women in aggregate and among physicians. RESULTS We identified 635 plenary speakers, including 148 (23.3%) women. Specifically, women made up 14.6% (19 of 130) of presidential and 25.5% (129 of 505) of nonpresidential plenary session speakers. The inclusion of women plenary speakers was meaningfully higher (h = 0.33; difference 14.9%; 95% confidence interval 4.2%-26.7%) for nonphysicians (27 of 74 [36.5%]) than physicians (121 of 561 [21.6%]). Although at zero levels for Annual Meetings held between 1958 and 1990 and at mostly low but varying levels thereafter, the representation of women and women physicians has been at or above their proportions in the AAN membership and US neurology workforce since 2017. Comparison of representation by plenary session name revealed an unequal distribution of women, with women physicians concentrated in the Sidney Carter Award in Child Neurology presidential session. CONCLUSION Historically and recently, women and women physicians were underrepresented among AAN plenary speakers. As the AAN has taken active steps to address equity, women have been included in more representative proportions overall. However, notable gaps remain, especially in specific prestigious plenary sessions, and further research is needed to determine causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singhal
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York.
| | - Anna M Bank
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Julie A Poorman
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Tina L Doshi
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Ranna Parekh
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Sareh Parangi
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Harriet W Hopf
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Rekha Chandrabose
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Allison R Larson
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| | - Julie K Silver
- From the Department of Neurology (D.S.), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Department of Neurology (A.M.B.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Harvard Medical School; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital (J.A.P., J.K.S.), Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (T.L.D.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; American College of Cardiology (R.P.), Washington, DC; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.P.), Boston; Department of Surgery (S.P.), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Anesthesiology (H.W.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Anesthesiology (R.C.), University of California San Diego; Department of Dermatology (A.R.L.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA; and Brigham and Women's Hospital (J.K.S.), Boston, MA. Dr. Bank is now at the Department of Neurology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, Hofstra Zucker School of Medicine, New York
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Minen MT, Law EF, Harriott A, Seng EK, Hranilovich J, Szperka CL, Wells RE. Challenges to successful research careers in neurology: How gender differences may play a role. Neurology 2020; 95:349-359. [PMID: 32646963 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a substantial rise in the number of women pursuing careers in neurology. However, research has shown that women in neurology have high rates of burnout with gender disparities in burnout and attrition in the field. Recently, there was a call from the NIH, including the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, asking for input on factors that may limit or discourage grant applications from women. As the recipients of the highly coveted NIH career mentored awards (K awards) in headache medicine, we applaud the NIH for asking for gender-specific feedback and for raising awareness of research showing that female faculty on the Research Track are at an increased risk of departure. Using the NIH model for the Responsible Conduct of Research and the tenant of Nurturing the Fertile Environment, we discuss specific challenges in academic research that may contribute to gender differences in neurology research success. Although the rate of women conducting NIH-funded migraine research increased from 23% to 41% over the last 10 years, more women are currently in training compared with independence, with 6/6 of the NIH training grants but only 12/36 of the NIH research-level grants, held by women in fiscal years 2017-2019. We suggest concrete solutions to these challenges to ensure the success of women in research reaching independence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia T Minen
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population Health (M.T.M.), NYU Langone Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (E.F.L.), University of Washington School of Medicine and Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology (E.K.S.), Yeshiva University; Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology (E.K.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (J.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado; Division of Neurology (C.L.S.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Neurology & Pediatrics (C.L.S.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (R.E.W.), Wake Forest Baptist Health.
| | - Emily F Law
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population Health (M.T.M.), NYU Langone Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (E.F.L.), University of Washington School of Medicine and Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology (E.K.S.), Yeshiva University; Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology (E.K.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (J.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado; Division of Neurology (C.L.S.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Neurology & Pediatrics (C.L.S.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (R.E.W.), Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Andrea Harriott
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population Health (M.T.M.), NYU Langone Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (E.F.L.), University of Washington School of Medicine and Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology (E.K.S.), Yeshiva University; Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology (E.K.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (J.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado; Division of Neurology (C.L.S.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Neurology & Pediatrics (C.L.S.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (R.E.W.), Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Elizabeth K Seng
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population Health (M.T.M.), NYU Langone Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (E.F.L.), University of Washington School of Medicine and Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology (E.K.S.), Yeshiva University; Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology (E.K.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (J.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado; Division of Neurology (C.L.S.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Neurology & Pediatrics (C.L.S.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (R.E.W.), Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Jennifer Hranilovich
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population Health (M.T.M.), NYU Langone Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (E.F.L.), University of Washington School of Medicine and Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology (E.K.S.), Yeshiva University; Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology (E.K.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (J.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado; Division of Neurology (C.L.S.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Neurology & Pediatrics (C.L.S.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (R.E.W.), Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Christina L Szperka
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population Health (M.T.M.), NYU Langone Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (E.F.L.), University of Washington School of Medicine and Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology (E.K.S.), Yeshiva University; Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology (E.K.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (J.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado; Division of Neurology (C.L.S.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Neurology & Pediatrics (C.L.S.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (R.E.W.), Wake Forest Baptist Health
| | - Rebecca Erwin Wells
- From the Departments of Neurology and Population Health (M.T.M.), NYU Langone Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine (E.F.L.), University of Washington School of Medicine and Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute; Department of Neurology (A.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital; Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology (E.K.S.), Yeshiva University; Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology (E.K.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (J.H.), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado; Division of Neurology (C.L.S.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Departments of Neurology & Pediatrics (C.L.S.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; and Department of Neurology (R.E.W.), Wake Forest Baptist Health
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
What's happening in Equity, Diversity, & Inclusion. Neurology 2020. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
What's happening in Equity, Diversity, & Inclusion. Neurology 2020. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
20
|
|