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McNally EM, Kaltman JR, Benson DW, Canter CE, Cripe LH, Duan D, Finder JD, Groh WJ, Hoffman EP, Judge DP, Kertesz N, Kinnett K, Kirsch R, Metzger JM, Pearson GD, Rafael-Fortney JA, Raman SV, Spurney CF, Targum SL, Wagner KR, Markham LW. Contemporary cardiac issues in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in collaboration with Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy. Circulation 2015; 131:1590-8. [PMID: 25940966 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.015151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M McNally
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.).
| | - Jonathan R Kaltman
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.).
| | - D Woodrow Benson
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Charles E Canter
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Linda H Cripe
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Jonathan D Finder
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | | | - Eric P Hoffman
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Daniel P Judge
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Naomi Kertesz
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Kathi Kinnett
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Roxanne Kirsch
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Gail D Pearson
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Subha V Raman
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Christopher F Spurney
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Shari L Targum
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Kathryn R Wagner
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.)
| | - Larry W Markham
- From Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (E.M.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.R.K., G.D.P.); Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (D.W.B.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (C.E.C.); The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (L.H.C., N.K.); Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia (D.D.); Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA (J.D.F.); Center for Genetic Medicine Research (E.P.H.) and Division of Cardiology, Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research (C.F.S.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.P.J.); Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Middletown, OH (K.K.); Division of Cardiac Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (R.K.); Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (J.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (J.A.R.-F.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V.R.), Ohio State University, Columbus; Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD (S.L.T.); Hugo W. Moser Research Institute, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD (K.R.W.); and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (L.W.M.).
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