1
|
Chen L, Xu Y, Fang MJ, Shi YG, Zhang J, Zhang LL, Wang Y, Han YZ, Hu JY, Yang RM, Yu XE. Case report: A Chinese patient with spinocerebellar ataxia finally confirmed as Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome with P102L mutation. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1187813. [PMID: 37602242 PMCID: PMC10435367 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1187813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) is a rare genetic prion disease caused by a mutation in the prion protein (PRNP) gene. It is typically characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and slowly progressive dementia. We present a case study of the GSS from China in which a 45-year-old male with a progressive gait and balance disorder developed cerebellar ataxia onset but was misdiagnosed as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) for 2 years. The patient's clinical, electrophysiological, and radiological data were retrospectively analyzed. Examination revealed ataxia, dysarthria, muscle weakness, areflexia in lower limbs, including a pyramidal sign, whereas cognitive decline was insignificant. His late mother had a similar unsteady gait. An electroencephalogram (EEG) showed normal findings, and 14-3-3 protein was negative. A brain MRI was performed for global brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) (18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose, FDG) images showed mild to moderate decreased glucose metabolism in the left superior parietal lobe and left middle temporal lobe. According to genetic testing, his younger brother also had the P102L variant in the PRNP gene. This single case adds to the clinical and genetic phenotypes of GSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu-en Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Institute of Neurology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chernoff YO, Grizel AV, Rubel AA, Zelinsky AA, Chandramowlishwaran P, Chernova TA. Application of yeast to studying amyloid and prion diseases. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 105:293-380. [PMID: 32560789 PMCID: PMC7527210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are fibrous cross-β protein aggregates that are capable of proliferation via nucleated polymerization. Amyloid conformation likely represents an ancient protein fold and is linked to various biological or pathological manifestations. Self-perpetuating amyloid-based protein conformers provide a molecular basis for transmissible (infectious or heritable) protein isoforms, termed prions. Amyloids and prions, as well as other types of misfolded aggregated proteins are associated with a variety of devastating mammalian and human diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and transthyretinopathies. In yeast and fungi, amyloid-based prions control phenotypically detectable heritable traits. Simplicity of cultivation requirements and availability of powerful genetic approaches makes yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms governing amyloid formation and propagation. Genetic techniques allowing for the expression of mammalian or human amyloidogenic and prionogenic proteins in yeast enable researchers to capitalize on yeast advantages for characterization of the properties of disease-related proteins. Chimeric constructs employing mammalian and human aggregation-prone proteins or domains, fused to fluorophores or to endogenous yeast proteins allow for cytological or phenotypic detection of disease-related protein aggregation in yeast cells. Yeast systems are amenable to high-throughput screening for antagonists of amyloid formation, propagation and/or toxicity. This review summarizes up to date achievements of yeast assays in application to studying mammalian and human disease-related aggregating proteins, and discusses both limitations and further perspectives of yeast-based strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury O Chernoff
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Anastasia V Grizel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Rubel
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Andrew A Zelinsky
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana A Chernova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tesar A, Matej R, Kukal J, Johanidesova S, Rektorova I, Vyhnalek M, Keller J, Eliasova I, Parobkova E, Smetakova M, Musova Z, Rusina R. Clinical Variability in P102L Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Syndrome. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:643-652. [PMID: 31397917 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) with the P102L mutation is a rare genetic prion disease caused by a pathogenic mutation at codon 102 in the prion protein gene. Cluster analysis encompassing data from 7 Czech patients and 87 published cases suggests the existence of 4 clinical phenotypes (typical GSS, GSS with areflexia and paresthesia, pure dementia GSS, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-like GSS); GSS may be more common than previously estimated. In making a clinical diagnosis or progression estimates of GSS, magnetic resonance imaging and real-time quaking-induced conversion may be helpful, but the results should be evaluated with respect to the overall clinical context. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:643-652.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tesar
- The Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Thomayer Hospital, Prague.,Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague
| | - Jaromir Kukal
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague
| | - Silvie Johanidesova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Thomayer Hospital, Prague
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, and Saint Anne's University Hospital, Brno
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague.,International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno
| | - Jiri Keller
- The Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague.,Department of Radiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague
| | - Ilona Eliasova
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, and Saint Anne's University Hospital, Brno
| | - Eva Parobkova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Thomayer Hospital, Prague.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague
| | - Magdalena Smetakova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Thomayer Hospital, Prague.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague
| | - Zuzana Musova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Rusina
- The Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital, Prague.,Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Thomayer Hospital, Prague
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao MM, Feng LS, Hou S, Shen PP, Cui L, Feng JC. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:389-395. [PMID: 30746381 PMCID: PMC6369391 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is an inherited prion disease that is clinically characterized by the early onset of progressive cerebellar ataxia. The incidence of GSS is extremely low and it is particularly rare in China. Therefore, clinicians may easily confuse this disease with other diseases that also cause ataxia, resulting in its under-diagnosis or misdiagnosis.
CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the first case of genetically diagnosed GSS disease in Northeast China. The patient exhibited typical ataxia and dysarthria 2.5 years after symptom onset. However, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord revealed a normal anatomy. Screening results for the spinocerebellar ataxia gene were also negative. We thus proposed to expand the scope of genetic screening to include over 200 mutations that can cause ataxia. A final diagnosis of GSS was presented and the patient was followed for more than 3.5 years, during which we noted imaging abnormalities. The patient gradually exhibited decorticate posturing and convulsions. We recommended administration of oral sodium valproate, which resolved the convulsions.
CONCLUSION Patients with inherited ataxia should be considered for a diagnosis of GSS via genetic testing at an early disease stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Liang-Shu Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Chun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Rusina R, Fiala J, Holada K, Matějčková M, Nováková J, Ampapa R, Koukolík F, Matěj R. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome with the P102L pathogenic mutation presenting as familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case report and review of the literature. Neurocase 2013; 19:41-53. [PMID: 22494260 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2011.654215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation in the prion gene, usually manifesting as progressive ataxia with late cognitive decline. A 44-year-old woman with a positive family history developed early personality and behavior changes, followed by paresthesias and ataxia, later associated with memory problems, pyramidal signs, anosognosia and very late myoclonus, spasticity, and severe dysexecutive impairment. Magnetic resonance showed caudate, mesio-frontal, and insular hyper-intensities, electroencephalography revealed generalized triphasic periodic complexes. A pathogenic P102L mutation in the prion gene was detected. Our case differed from classical Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome by rapid progression, severe dementia, abnormal electroencephalography and magnetic resonance findings, which were highly suggestive of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rusina
- Department of Neurology, Thomayer Teaching Hospital and Institute for Postgraduate Education in Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The prion diseases are a family of rare neurodegenerative disorders that result from the accumulation of a misfolded isoform of the prion protein (PrP), a normal constituent of the neuronal membrane. Five subtypes constitute the known human prion diseases; kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal insomnia (FI), and variant CJD (vCJD). These subtypes are distinguished, in part, by their clinical phenotype, but primarily by their associated brain histopathology. Evidence suggests these phenotypes are defined by differences in the pathogenic conformation of misfolded PrP. Although the vast majority of cases are sporadic, 10% to 15% result from an autosomal dominant mutation of the PrP gene (PRNP). General phenotype-genotype correlations can be made for the major subtypes of CJD, GSS, and FI. This paper will review some of the general background related to prion biology and detail the clinical and pathologic features of the major prion diseases, with a particular focus on the genetic aspects that result in prion disease or modification of its risk or phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalilah Brown
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cecarini V, Bonfili L, Cuccioloni M, Mozzicafreddo M, Angeletti M, Eleuteri AM. The relationship between the 20S proteasomes and prion-mediated neurodegenerations: potential therapeutic opportunities. Apoptosis 2010; 15:1322-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Takazawa T, Ikeda K, Ito H, Aoyagi J, Nakamura Y, Miura K, Iwamoto K, Kano O, Kawabe K, Iwasaki Y. A distinct phenotype of leg hyperreflexia in a Japanese family with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (P102L). Intern Med 2010; 49:339-42. [PMID: 20154442 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Syndrome (GSS) is an inherited prion disease characterized by midlife onset and slowly progression of cerebellar ataxia and dementia. We report a distinct phenotype of leg hyperreflexia in a Japanese family with GSS. A 38-year-old woman noticed unsteady gait at 33 years of age. Afterwards, dysarthria and writing difficulty were appeared. Her family history revealed that her grandfather and her mother had a clinical history of unsteadiness and mental changes. At 1 year after clinical onset, neurological examination showed cerebellar ataxia and leg hyperreflexia. At 4 years after onset, she suddenly developed insomnia and nocturnal howling. Her mental status disclosed marked disorientation, anxiety and irritability. Muscle stretch reflexes were increased in four extremities with Babinski's signs. Remarkable dysarthria and cerebellar ataxia were presented. Brain diffusion weighted imaging showed extensive hyperintensity signal areas in the cerebral cortex. A point mutation of the prion protein gene (PRNP) at codon 102 resulting in the substitution of proline by leucine (P102L) was identified. PRNP polymorphism exhibited homozygous methionine at codon 129 and homozygous glutamate at codon 219. She had verbal perseveration, somnolence and myoclonus of lower limbs, leading to akinetic mutism at 4 months after neuropsychiatric events. Phenotypic hallmark of our patient indicates leg hyperreflexia from an early disease course. This neurological sign differs from the previously reported clinical expression of Japanese and foreign patients with GSS (P102L). Thus, physicians should pay more attention to phenotypic heterogeneity in this prion disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Takazawa
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chi NF, Lee YC, Lu YC, Wu HM, Soong BW. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies with P102L mutation of PRNP manifesting different phenotypes: clinical, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies in Chinese kindred in Taiwan. J Neurol 2009; 257:191-7. [PMID: 19696976 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A P102L point mutation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) usually causes Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), which is a rare hereditary transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). The clinical features include ataxia in 50s age group with subsequent dementia, spastic paraparesis and extrapyramidal signs. Many families have been reported from the Caucasian population, but only one from the Chinese. We hereby report a large Chinese family with P102L mutation of PRNP whose clinical manifestations at onset were intriguingly heterogeneous, either rapidly progressive dementia with scanty other neurological features or slowly progressive ataxia followed by cognitive impairment. The four-generation pedigree included eight patients with a mean age at onset of 36.9 +/- 12.9 (mean +/- SD) years. Mean disease duration to death in the four patients was 5.5 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- SD) years. Molecular analysis revealed a P102L mutation and M129 polymorphism in the PRNP gene in all affected individuals. TSE with P102L mutation of PRNP appears to have a remarkably variable phenotypic expressivity that may change with time and does not appear related to the codon 129 polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Fang Chi
- Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seven-year discordance in age at onset in monozygotic twins with inherited prion disease (P102L). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2009; 35:427-432. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2009.01012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Atypical frontotemporal dementia as a new clinical phenotype of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease with the PrP-P102L mutation. Description of a previously unreported Italian family. Neurol Sci 2008; 29:405-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-008-1025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
De Michele G, Pocchiari M, Petraroli R, Manfredi M, Caneve G, Coppola G, Casali C, Saccà F, Piccardo P, Salvatore E, Berardelli A, Orio M, Barbieri F, Ghetti B, Filla A. Variable phenotype in a P102L Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Italian family. Can J Neurol Sci 2003; 30:233-6. [PMID: 12945948 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100002651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease is an autosomal dominant prion disease. The clinical features include ataxia, dementia, spastic paraparesis and extrapyramidal signs. METHODS We report a new large Italian family affected by Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. RESULTS The four generation pedigree includes 11 patients. The mean age at onset +/- SD was 41.4 +/- 16.2 years. Mean disease duration to death in four patients was 5.5 +/- 1.7 years. Two clinical patterns were evident: cognitive impairment with scarce neurological features or ataxia followed by cognitive impairment. Molecular analysis showed P102L mutation in PRNP gene. CONCLUSION Three Italian families have been reported to date. The variable phenotype has already been reported, and does not appear related to the codon 129 polymorphism.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are exceedingly complex disorders (Fig. 6). In the past decade, we have made tremendous advances in our understanding [figure: see text] of the genetic basis of these disorders. One common characteristic of these disorders is the existence of rare families in which a given disease is inherited as a Mendelian trait. In this article, we have reviewed the genetics of several common neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with cognitive disturbances and for which causative genes have been identified. Further genetic analysis should clarify the roles of known genes in the pathogenesis of common sporadic forms of these various diseases. Investigation of the normal and aberrant functions of these genes should provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of these disorders. Such research should facilitate new strategies for therapeutic interventions. Although molecular genetics has helped to clarify the etiology of these disorders, clinicians have played a critical role in the careful identification and classification of many families who were involved in the eventual mapping and cloning of causative mutations. The role of the clinician should not be underestimated. Future clinical and molecular genetics findings hold many clinical implications. It is likely that new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for dementing disorders are just on the horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debby W Tsuang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Derreumaux P. Evidence that the 127-164 region of prion proteins has two equi-energetic conformations with beta or alpha features. Biophys J 2001; 81:1657-65. [PMID: 11509378 PMCID: PMC1301643 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion proteins cause neurodegenerative illnesses in humans and animals. The diseases are associated with a topological change from a predominantly alpha (PrP(C)) to beta-sheet (PrP(Sc)) structure. Many studies have focused on the minimum sequence requirements and key events for developing or transmitting disease. Here, we report on the application of molecular modeling studies to predict the lowest-energy conformations for five fragments in solution at pH 7. We show that PrP(143-158) adopts a helix, the model PrP(106-126), PrP(142-167), and PrP(143-178) peptides have a clear preference for a variety of beta-sheet structures, whereas PrP(127-164) has two iso-energetic conformations with all beta or alphabeta native-like structures. Such a finding for PrP(127-164), which explains a large body of experimental data, including the location of all mutations causing prion diseases, may have important implications for triggering or propagating the topological change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Derreumaux
- Information Génétique et Structurale, CNRS-UMR 1889, 13402 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takao M, Benson MD, Murrell JR, Yazaki M, Piccardo P, Unverzagt FW, Davis RL, Holohan PD, Lawrence DA, Richardson R, Farlow MR, Ghetti B. Neuroserpin mutation S52R causes neuroserpin accumulation in neurons and is associated with progressive myoclonus epilepsy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000; 59:1070-86. [PMID: 11138927 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/59.12.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Neuroserpin gene have been reported to cause familial presenile dementia. We describe a new family in which the S52R Neuroserpin mutation is associated with progressive myoclonus epilepsy in 2 siblings. The proband presented myoclonus and epilepsy at age 24, his brother and mother presented a similar disorder when they were 25. A clinical diagnosis of progressive myoclonus epilepsy was made on the proband and his brother. Skin and liver biopsies did not reveal the presence of cytological alterations in the proband. His neurological status worsened over the subsequent 19 yr during which he became demented and had uncontrollable seizures. He died at 43 yr of age from aspiration pneumonia. Neuropathologically, eosinophilic bodies, which were positive for periodic acid-Schiff and immunoreactive with antibodies against human neuroserpin, were present in the perikarya and cell processes of the neurons. They were found in large numbers in the cerebral cortex and substantia nigra and to a lesser extent, in most subcortical gray areas, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. By electron microscopy, the intracytoplasmic bodies were contained within the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Occasionally neuroserpin immunopositivity was seen throughout the cytoplasm, even without the presence of well-defined bodies. Our study characterizes for the first time the neuropathologic phenotype associated with hereditary progressive myoclonus epilepsy caused by the S52R Neuroserpin mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Takao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lueck CJ, McIlwaine GG, Zeidler M. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the eye. II. Ophthalmic and neuro-ophthalmic features. Eye (Lond) 2000; 14 ( Pt 3A):291-301. [PMID: 11026988 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2000.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C J Lueck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lueck CJ, McIlwaine GG, Zeidler M. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the eye. I. Background and patient management. Eye (Lond) 2000; 14 ( Pt 3A):263-90. [PMID: 11026987 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2000.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This article attempts to summarise our current understanding of TSEs as they affect man. Specific aspects relevant to ophthalmological practice, in particular the management of patients in day-to-day clinical practice and with respect to corneal transplantation, have been discussed. In the companion article we discuss the specific ophthalmic and neuro-ophthalmic features of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Lueck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mastrianni JA. The prion diseases: Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker, and related disorders. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1999; 11:78-97. [PMID: 9877529 DOI: 10.1177/089198879801100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prion diseases are an interesting group of neurodegenerative disorders for a variety of reasons. The most obvious is their property of transmissibility, but beyond that they constitute a fascinating example of the diversity of disease expression possible from a common etiologic factor. Thought of as "strains" in animals and phenotypes in humans, these varied expressions of prion disease are most likely due to subtle conformational changes in the pathogenic form of the prion protein. These strain-like characteristics are best exemplified in the genetic varieties of human prion disease in which specific mutations are associated with specific phenotypic profiles. This review attempts to highlight the clinical and pathologic features of the prion diseases with a particular focus on the genetic determinants that define the various familial forms and that modify sporadic and iatrogenic forms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Mastrianni
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghetti B, Gambetti P. Chapter 5 Human Prion Diseases. GENETIC ABERRANCIES AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3124(08)60025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
21
|
Tanaka Y, Minematsu K, Moriyasu H, Yamaguchi T, Yutani C, Kitamoto T, Furukawa H. A Japanese family with a variant of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 62:454-7. [PMID: 9153600 PMCID: PMC486847 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.62.5.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new variant of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) was reported, which had a substitution of glutamate to lysine at codon 219 (E219K) in addition to a P102L mutation on the same allele of the PrP gene. However, clinical features were not detailed and pathological studies were not done. Unusual clinical, neuroradiological, and pathological findings are reported for these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical presentations of the patients in the same family were variable; progressive dementia with minimal ataxia in some patients but ataxia without dementia in others. PET studies with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) disclosed a relative decrease of FDG uptake in bilateral temporoparietal cortices of a patient with dementia, but in the cerebellar cortices in a patient with ataxia. At necropsy, a patient with dementia had multicentric and diffuse plaques stained with PrP antiserum, but not with haematoxylin and eosin or Congo red, in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. CONCLUSION Neurological and neuropathological features in the patients were atypical of the classic form of GSS with P102L mutation. The absence of Congo red staining prion protein plaques is probably attributable to E219K polymorphism on the same allele of the PrP gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Young K, Clark HB, Piccardo P, Dlouhy SR, Ghetti B. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with the PRNP P102L mutation and valine at codon 129. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1997; 44:147-50. [PMID: 9030710 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(96)00251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The most common mutation causing Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is P102L in the prion protein. Previously, this mutation has only been found in coupling with methionine at residue 129. We describe a patient with GSS disease in whom the P102L mutation is in coupling with valine at residue 129. The clinical presentation in P102L-V129 differs greatly from that seen in P102-M129 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Young
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ghetti B, Piccardo P, Frangione B, Bugiani O, Giaccone G, Young K, Prelli F, Farlow MR, Dlouhy SR, Tagliavini F. Prion protein amyloidosis. Brain Pathol 1996; 6:127-45. [PMID: 8737929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of a group of sporadic, genetically determined and infectious fatal degenerative diseases, referred to as "prion diseases", affecting the central nervous system of humans and other mammals. The cellular PrP is encoded by a single copy gene, highly conserved across mammalian species. In prion diseases, PrP undergoes conformational changes involving a shift from alpha-helix to beta-sheet structure. This conversion is important for PrP amyloidogenesis, which occurs to the highest degree in the genetically determined Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) and prion protein cerebral amyloid angiopathy (PrP-CAA), while it is less frequently seen in other prion diseases. GSS and PrP-CAA are associated with point mutations of the prion protein gene (PRNP); these conditions show a broad spectrum of clinical presentation, the main signs being ataxia, spastic paraparesis, extrapyramidal signs and dementia. In GSS, parenchymal amyloid may be associated with spongiform changes or neurofibrillary lesions; in PrP-CAA, vascular amyloid is associated with neurofibrillary lesions. A major component of the amyloid fibrils in the two diseases is a 7 kDa peptide, spanning residues 81-150 of PrP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5120, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lehmann S, Harris DA. Mutant and infectious prion proteins display common biochemical properties in cultured cells. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:1633-7. [PMID: 8576163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.3.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are unusual neurodegenerative disorders that can be both infectious and inherited. Both forms are hypothesized to result from a posttranslational structural alteration in the cell surface glycoprotein PrPc (cellular isoform of the prion protein) that converts it into the protease-resistant isoform PrPSc (scrapie isoform of the prion protein). However, a direct comparison of molecular events underlying these two manifestations of prion diseases has not been possible, because there has been no cell culture model for the familial forms. We report here that when mutant prion proteins associated with three different inherited prion disorders of humans are expressed as their murine homologues in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, the proteins are protease-resistant and detergent-insoluble, two biochemical properties characteristic of infectious PrPSc. In addition, each mutant protein remains tightly associated with the plasma membrane after enzymatic cleavage of its glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, a property that we now show is also typical of infectious PrPSc. The cell culture system described here is the first in vitro model for familial prion diseases and provides compelling evidence that infectious and genetic cases share common molecular features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lehmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ghetti B, Dlouhy SR, Giaccone G, Bugiani O, Frangione B, Farlow MR, Tagliavini F. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease and the Indiana kindred. Brain Pathol 1995; 5:61-75. [PMID: 7767492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1995.tb00578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease is an autosomal dominant disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations including ataxia, spastic paraparesis, extrapyramidal signs, and dementia. The patients present with symptoms in the third to sixth decade of life and the mean duration of illness is five years. Mutations at codons 102, 105, 117, 145, 198 and 217 of the open reading frame of the prion protein gene have been associated with GSS disease. As a result of the mutations, a substitution at the corresponding residues of the prion protein occurs, or as in the case of the STOP mutation at codon 145, a truncated protein is produced. Neuropathologically, the common denominator is a cerebral prion protein amyloidosis; however, there is significant variability in the pattern of amyloid deposition in regions of the central nervous system among reported families. Amyloidosis coexists with severe spongiform degeneration in patients with the mutation at codon 102, and with neurofibrillary degeneration in the patients with mutation at codons 145, 198 and 217. The development of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in animals inoculated with brain tissue from affected subjects with mutation at codon 102 suggests that in some forms of genetically-determined Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, and particularly those characterized by severe spongiosis, amyloidogenesis and production of an infectious "agent" occur concomitantly via mechanisms that are only partially understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5120, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|