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Gavryushin AV, Khukhlaeva EA, Veselkov AA, Pronin IN, Konovalov AN. [Primary tumors of the brain stem. State of the problem]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2024; 88:98-104. [PMID: 38549416 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20248802198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Primary brainstem gliomas are still poorly studied in neurooncology. This concept includes tumors with different histological and genetic features, as well as variable clinical course and outcomes. Nevertheless, treatment implies radiotherapy without a clear idea of morphological substrate of disease in 80% of cases. Small number of studies and insufficient data on histological and genetic nature of brainstem tumors complicate clear diagnostic and treatment algorithms. This review provides current information regarding primary glial brainstem tumors. Appropriate problems and objectives are highlighted. The purpose of the review is to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of the current state of brainstem glial tumors and to identify areas requiring further study for improvement of diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Brainstem tumors are an understudied problem with small amount of data that complicates optimal treatment strategies. Further researches and histological verification are required to develop new methods of therapy, especially for diffuse forms of neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Gavryushin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - I N Pronin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
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Wang Y, Pan C, Xie M, Zuo P, Li X, Gu G, Li T, Jiang Z, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L. Adult diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: clinical, radiological, pathological, molecular features, and treatments of 96 patients. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:1628-1638. [PMID: 35395636 DOI: 10.3171/2022.2.jns211920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unlike its pediatric counterpart, adult diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) remains largely unelucidated. In this study, the authors examined the clinical, radiological, pathological, molecular, and clinical aspects of 96 adult DIPGs. METHODS The National Brain Tumor Registry of China (April 2013-December 2019) was used to collect data on radiologically diagnosed adult DIPG patients. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression. The chi-square test/Wilcoxon rank-sum test and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with long-term survival (LTS). Interaction analyses between clinical factors were also conducted. RESULTS The median age at symptom onset was 33.5 years, and the median duration of symptoms was 4.5 months. The frequencies of H3K27M and IDH1 mutations were 37.2% and 26.5%, respectively. All adult DIPG patients had a median overall survival (OS) of 19.5 months, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of 67.0%, 42.8%, and 36.0%, respectively. The median OS of 40 patients who did not undergo treatment was 13.4 months. Patients with H3K27M-mutant tumors had a poorer prognosis than those with IDH-mutant tumors (p < 0.001) and H3K27M(-)/IDH-wild-type tumors (p = 0.002), with a median OS of 11.4 months. The median OSs of patients with H3K27M-mutant tumors who received treatment and those who did not were 13.8 months and 7.5 months, respectively (p = 0.016). Among patients with and without a pathological diagnosis, H3K27M mutation (p < 0.001) and contrast enhancement on MRI (p = 0.003), respectively, imparted a worse prognosis. Treatments were the predictive factor for patients with H3K27M-mutant tumors (p = 0.038), whereas contrast enhancement on MRI was the prognostic factor for the H3K27M(-) group (p = 0.038). In addition, H3K27M mutation and treatment were significant predictors for patients with symptom duration ≤ 4 months (H3K27M, p = 0.020; treatment, p = 0.014) and tumors with no contrast enhancement (H3K27M, p = 0.003; treatment, p = 0.042). Patients with LTS were less likely to have cranial nerve palsy (p = 0.002) and contrast enhancement on MRI at diagnosis (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that all adult DIPG patients undergo genomic testing for H3K27M and IDH mutations. Despite the low prevalence, additional study is needed to better characterize the efficacy of various treatment modalities in adults with DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changcun Pan
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingguo Xie
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Zuo
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guocan Gu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Jiang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China; and.,4Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
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Tsuji K, Tsuji A, Yoshimura Y, Kawano H, Fujisawa R, Nozaki K. Brainstem Venous Congestion Due to Transverse-sigmoid Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Case Report and Literature Review. NMC Case Rep J 2022; 8:617-623. [PMID: 35079525 PMCID: PMC8769469 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainstem venous congestion due to dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) can mimic brainstem glioma and infarction. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with a transverse-sigmoid sinus (TS) dAVF. On MRI, she presented with brainstem edema that was difficult to distinguish from brainstem glioma and infarction. She was referred to our hospital for mild dysarthria with right hemiparesis and a suspected left pontine glioma. On MRI, contrast enhancement of the lesion was demarcated by the pontine raphe, and the ipsilateral vein of Rosenthal was dilated. Cerebral angiography revealed TS dAVF with an isolated sinus. Transarterial followed by transvenous coil embolization was performed to reduce shunt flow, resulting in symptom improvement and normal findings on MRI and cerebral angiography. Brainstem venous congestion due to TS dAVF is as rare as adult brainstem glioma. Differentiating the above-mentioned three diseases on the basis of diagnostic imaging findings and clinical course is necessary for appropriate and timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Tsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yayoi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ryo Fujisawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Prognostic factors in adult brainstem glioma: a tertiary care center analysis and review of the literature. J Neurol 2021; 269:1574-1590. [PMID: 34342680 PMCID: PMC8857120 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Adult brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are rare central nervous system tumours characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical course. Median survival times range from 11 to 84 months. Beyond surgery, no treatment standard has been established. We investigated clinical and radiological data to assess prognostic features providing support for treatment decisions. Methods 34 BSG patients treated between 2000 and 2019 and aged ≥ 18 years at the time of diagnosis were retrospectively identified from the databases of the two largest Austrian Neuro-Oncology centres. Clinical data including baseline characteristics, clinical disease course, applied therapies, the outcome as well as neuroradiological and neuropathological findings were gathered and analysed. The tumour apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), volumetry of contrast-enhancing and non-contrast-enhancing lesions were determined on magnetic resonance imaging scans performed at diagnosis. Results The median age at diagnosis was 38.5 years (range 18–71 years). Tumour progression occurred in 26/34 (76.5%) patients after a median follow up time of 19 months (range 0.9–236.2). Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was 24.1 months (range 0.9–236.2; 95% CI 18.1–30.1) and 14.5 months (range 0.7–178.5; 95% CI 5.1–23.9), respectively. Low-performance status, high body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis and WHO grading were associated with shorter PFS and OS at univariate analysis (p < 0.05, log rank test, respectively). ADC values below the median were significantly associated with shorter OS (14.9 vs 44.2 months, p = 0.018). Conclusion ECOG, BMI, WHO grade and ADC values were associated with the survival prognosis of BSG patients and should be included in the prognostic assessment.
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Dudoit T, Balossier A, Reyes-Botero G, Laigle-Donadey F, Emery E, Blond S, Carluer L, Lechapt-Zalcman E, Delattre JY, Guillamo JS. Adult brainstem glioma presenting with isolated persistent hemifacial spasm or facial nerve palsy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:1276-1282. [PMID: 34272066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Adult brainstem gliomas are a rare group of heterogeneous brain tumors. Classical clinical presentation includes progressive impairment of cranial nerves associated with long tract signs. The prognosis and response to treatment are poor; nevertheless, some patients do have a long survival. The objective of this study was to describe a series of patients with an isolated persistent hemifacial spasm and/or facial nerve palsy as the presenting symptom of a brainstem glioma. METHODS Fourteen patients from 3 French hospitals (Paris, Caen, Lille) were included. Clinical and radiological features and overall survival were retrospectively analyzed. A review of the literature of similar cases was performed. RESULTS Mean age at diagnosis was 35 years (range 19-57 years). Mean duration of facial nerve involvement before diagnosis was 17 months (range 1-48 months). Tumors were characterized on MRI by a lateralized location in the pons, a T1-weighted hyposignal, a T2-weighted hypersignal and no contrast enhancement after Gadolinium injection except for 2 cases. Biopsies were performed in 10 cases and showed 8 low-grade and 2 high-grade gliomas. All the patients were initially treated with radiotherapy and 6 patients with chemotherapy after progression. Eleven patients died from tumor progression. Median survival time was 90 months. CONCLUSIONS Adult brainstem gliomas revealed by a progressive isolated involvement of the facial nerve seem to have particular clinico-radiological features of slow progressive tumors and may be associated with long patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dudoit
- Service de neurochirurgie, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A Balossier
- Service de neurochirurgie, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Reyes-Botero
- Service de neurologie Mazarin, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - F Laigle-Donadey
- Service de neurologie Mazarin, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - E Emery
- Service de neurochirurgie, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - S Blond
- Service de neurochirurgie, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - L Carluer
- Service de neurologie, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - J-Y Delattre
- Service de neurologie Mazarin, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - J-S Guillamo
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR de Médecine, 14000 Caen, France; Service de neurologie, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France; Service de neurologie, CHU de Nîmes, 30029 Nîmes, France.
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Ovenden C, O'Donohoe T, Santoreneos S. Ventrally exophytic pontine mass in a patient with dysarthria, dysphagia and diplopia: Answer. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 86:310-311. [PMID: 33509681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ovenden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Thomas O'Donohoe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Santoreneos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhou C, Zhao H, Yang F, Huangfu L, Dong C, Wang S, Zhang J. Clinical and Genetic Features of Brainstem Glioma in Adults: A Report of 50 Cases in a Single Center. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:220-228. [PMID: 33835742 PMCID: PMC8053546 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) in adults are rare brain tumors with dismal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and genetic features in a series of BSGs and their association with the prognosis. Methods Fifty patients who underwent a stereotactic biopsy between January 2016 and April 2018 at a single institution were collected. Data on clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed and factors associated with patient survival were identified using a Cox regression model. Results The median age at diagnosis was 55.5 years, and 62% of the patients were male. Glioblastoma (44%) accounted for the largest proportion of BSGs, and oligodendroglioma (2 of 50) was rarely encountered. The IDH mutation (6 of 44) occurred infrequently in astrocytomas, and IDH-mutant tumors harbored both ATRX loss and MGMT promoter methylation at a relatively low level. Wild-type IDH astrocytomas were identified as having high rates of 1p/19q codeletion (5 of 38) and loss of heterozygosity 1p (8 of 38) or 19q (8 of 38) only. In diffuse midline glioma H3K27M mutant, MGMT promoter methylation occurred in three of four cases. Patients were offered radiotherapy and/or concurrent/adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy, and their median survival time was 13 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low tumor grade, absence of tumor enhancement, duration of symptoms ≥3 months, Karnofsky performance status ≥70, and ATRX loss conferred a survival advantage. Conclusions Adult BSGs showed different molecular genetic characteristics, but also resembled supratentorial gliomas in their clinical features associated with oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luokai Huangfu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
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Jiang H, Yang K, Ren X, Cui Y, Li M, Lei Y, Lin S. Diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27M mutation: a comparison integrating the clinical, radiological, and molecular features between adult and pediatric patients. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:e1-e9. [PMID: 31504810 PMCID: PMC7962140 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27M mutant, occurs in both adult and pediatric populations. The characteristics of the 2 DMG groups were systematically explored in this study. METHODS H3 K27M-mutant DMG was diagnosed in 116 patients at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from May 2016 to December 2018 who were included in our study. Patients were classified into an adult group (n = 57; 49.1%) and a pediatric group (n = 59; 50.9%). Clinical, radiological, and molecular features were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS Compared with the adult group, pediatric patients had a younger age (8.9 ± 4.1 y vs 35.1 ± 11.8 y, P < 0.001), a lower preoperative Karnofsky performance scale score (62.9 ± 15.5 vs 72.1 ± 16.5, P = 0.004), a lower rate of total resection (5.7% vs 26.8%, P = 0.009), a larger tumor size (4.4 ± 0.9 vs 3.9 ± 1.5 cm, P = 0.045), a higher Ki-67 index (63.0% vs 37.8%, P = 0.047), and higher rates of postoperative cranial nerve palsy (61.0% vs 36.8%, P = 0.009) and ataxia (45.8% vs 26.3%, P = 0.029). Adult DMG was located predominantly in the thalamus, while the predilection site for pediatric DMG was brainstem (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier plot showed that the median survival of adult and pediatric DMG was 16.0 (9.7-22.3) months and 10.0 (8.3-11.7) months, respectively, which imparted a significant difference (P = 0.008). Age at diagnosis, radiotherapy, and motor deficit were confirmed as independent prognostic factors according to the multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with adult patients, children with H3 K27M-mutant DMG confer distinct clinical, radiological, and molecular characteristics and have a dismal prognosis. Radiotherapy is an independent factor associated with prolonged survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
| | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing, China
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Rashed WM, Maher E, Adel M, Saber O, Zaghloul MS. Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: where do we stand? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:759-770. [PMID: 31802357 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) represents approximately 20% of all pediatric CNS tumors. However, disease outcomes are dismal with a median survival of less than 1 year and a 2-year overall survival rate of less than 10%. Despite extensive efforts to improve survival outcomes, progress towards clinical improvement has been largely stagnant throughout the last 4 decades. Focal radiotherapy remains the standard of care with no promising single-agent alternatives and no evidence for improvement with the addition of a long list of systemic therapies. A better understanding of the biology of DIPG, though not easy due to obstacles in obtaining pathological material to study, is promising for the development of specific individualized treatment for this fatal disease. Recent studies have found epigenetic mutations to be successful predictors and prognostic factors for developing future management policies. The aim of this review is to give a global overview about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of DIPG. We further examine the controversial biopsy and autopsy issue that is unique to DIPG and assess the subsequent impact this issue has on the research efforts and clinical management of DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M Rashed
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, 57357, Egypt.
| | - Eslam Maher
- Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, 57357, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Adel
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ossama Saber
- Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saad Zaghloul
- Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University & Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, 57357, Egypt.
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The role of radiation and chemotherapy in adult patients with high-grade brainstem gliomas: results from the National Cancer Database. J Neurooncol 2019; 146:303-310. [PMID: 31873874 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical resection of high-grade brainstem gliomas is challenging and treatment mostly involves radiation and chemotherapy. In this study, we utilized registry data to determine prognostic features and impact of chemotherapy and radiation on overall survival. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried from 2006 to 2015 for adult cases with histologically confirmed high-grade brainstem glioma. Covariates including patient demographics, comorbidities, tumor characteristics and treatment parameters were captured. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify predictors of survival. RESULTS A total of 422 patients were analyzed. Most patients (66.6%) underwent postoperative radiation with chemotherapy, 9.2% underwent radiation alone, while the remaining had no postoperative treatment (24.2%). Overall median survival was 9.8 months (95% CI 8.8-12). Survival was longer (p < 0.001) in the radiation + chemotherapy group (median: 14.2 months, 95% CI 11.7-17.1) compared to radiation alone (median: 5.7 months, 95% CI 3.7-12) and no postoperative treatment (median: 1.8 months, 95% CI 1.4-4) groups. In multivariable analysis, increasing age was associated with worse survival (HR: 1.87, 95% CI 1.47-2.37, p < 0.001), whereas radiation + chemotherapy was associated with lower mortality compared to radiation alone (HR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.98, p = 0.038). In subgroup analysis, postoperative chemotherapy with radiation was associated with significant survival benefit compared to radiation alone for grade IV (HR: 0.46, 95% CI 0.28-0.76, p = 0.003), but not for grade III tumors (HR: 0.87, 95% CI 0.48-1.58, p = 0.65). CONCLUSION Analysis from a national registry illustrated the effectiveness of radiation with chemotherapy for adult patients with high-grade brainstem gliomas, particularly grade IV. Further research should identify specific patient profiles and molecular subgroups that are more likely to benefit from multimodality therapy.
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Laigle-Donadey F, Duran-Peña A. Gliomi del tronco cerebrale dell’adulto. Neurologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(19)42022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Yu D, Han G, Liu H, Gao L, Verma V. Treatment of adult brainstem glioma with combined antiangiogenic therapy: a case report and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1333-1339. [PMID: 30863099 PMCID: PMC6388961 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult brainstem gliomas belong to a rare and heterogeneous group of brain tumors. The overall prognosis is poor; therapeutic options are limited, given the resistance to radiotherapy and the unclear role of chemotherapy/antiangiogenic therapy. Apatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and mildly inhibits c-Kit, PDGFR-β, RET, and c-SRC, has been reported to show efficacy among some patients with malignant supratentorial gliomas. However, its effect on brainstem glioma has not been reported so far. Herein, a 66-year-old man with brainstem anaplastic astrocytoma isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type was treated initially with combined radiotherapy, temozolomide, and apatinib. The patient achieved a complete response by MRI and continues to have an ongoing progression-free survival of over 8 months. To our knowledge, this is the first case report using apatinib to treat brainstem IDH wild-type anaplastic astrocytoma, displaying an excellent outcome. We also summarize cases of adult brainstem glioma treated with antiangiogenic therapy. Experiences using various regimens may improve understanding of this rare disease, and thus help physicians to seek more effective treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China,
| | - Huali Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Likun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Khalid SI, Kelly R, Adogwa O, Carlton A, Tam E, Naqvi S, Kushkuley J, Ahmad S, Woodward J, Khanna R, Davison M, Munoz L, Byrne R. Pediatric Brainstem Gliomas: A Retrospective Study of 180 Patients from the SEER Database. Pediatr Neurosurg 2019; 54:151-164. [PMID: 30947221 DOI: 10.1159/000497440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Large population-based studies are needed to assess the epidemiology and survival risk factors associated with pediatric brainstem gliomas. This retrospective study explores factors that may influence survival in this population. METHODS Utilizing the SEER database, the authors retrospectively assessed survival in histologically confirmed brainstem gliomas in patients aged 17 and younger. Survival was described with Kaplan-Meyer curves and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS This analysis of 180 cases showed that age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.14, p = 0.34), non-white race (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.35-2.85 p > 0.99), distant or invasive extension of the tumor (HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.08-2.53, p = 0.37), and radiation therapy (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.52-3.11, p = 0.61) were not associated with decreased survival. High-grade tumor status (HR 8.64, 95% CI 3.49-21.41, p < 0.001) was associated with decreased survival. Partial resection (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.30, p < 0.001) and gross-total resection (HR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.14, p < 0.001) were associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS High-grade brainstem gliomas have a worse prognosis. Early diagnosis and surgery appear to be associated with improved survival, while the role of radiation is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed I Khalid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Owoicho Adogwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA,
| | - Adam Carlton
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edric Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Salik Naqvi
- College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacob Kushkuley
- Department of PA Studies, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shahjehan Ahmad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Josha Woodward
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Khanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Davison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lorenzo Munoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard Byrne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Majchrzak K, Bobek-Billewicz B, Hebda A, Majchrzak H, Ładziński P, Krawczyk L. Surgical treatment and prognosis of adult patients with brainstem gliomas. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2018; 52:623-633. [PMID: 30213445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents 47 adult patients who were surgically treated due to brainstem gliomas. Thirteen patients presented with contrast-enhancing Grades III and IV gliomas, according to the WHO classification, 13 patients with contrast-enhancing tumours originating from the glial cells (Grade I; WHO classification), 9 patients with diffuse gliomas, 5 patients with tectal brainstem gliomas and 7 patients with exophytic brainstem gliomas. During the surgical procedure, neuronavigation and the diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) of the corticospinal tract were used with the examination of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) with direct stimulation of the fundus of the fourth brain ventricle in order to define the localization of the nuclei of nerves VII, IX, X and XII. Cerebellar dysfunction, damage to cranial nerves and dysphagia were the most frequent postoperative sequelae which were also the most difficult to resolve. The Karnofsky score established preoperatively and the extent of tumour resection were the factors affecting the prognosis. The mean time of progression-free survival (14 months) and the mean survival time after surgery (20 months) were the shortest for malignant brainstem gliomas. In the group with tectal brainstem gliomas, no cases of progression were found and none of the patients died during the follow-up. Some patients were professionally active. Partial resection of diffuse brainstem gliomas did not prolong the mean survival above 5 years. However, some patients survived over 5 years in good condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Majchrzak
- Department and Clinical Ward of Neurosurgery in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Barbara Bobek-Billewicz
- Department of Radio-diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Hebda
- Department of Radio-diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Henryk Majchrzak
- Department and Clinical Ward of Neurosurgery in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Ładziński
- Department and Clinical Ward of Neurosurgery in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lech Krawczyk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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15
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Albatly AA, Alsamarah AT, Alhawas A, Veit-Haibach P, Buck A, Stolzmann P, Burger IA, Kollias SS, Huellner MW. Value of 18F-FET PET in adult brainstem glioma. Clin Imaging 2018; 51:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Fernandes Cabral DT, Zenonos GA, Nuñez M, Celtikci P, Snyderman C, Wang E, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC. Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Approach for Resection of a Pontine Glioma: Surgical Planning, Surgical Anatomy, and Technique. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been proposed as a potential alternative for ventral brainstem lesions. The surgical anatomy, feasibility, and limitations of the EEA for intrinsic brainstem lesions are still poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the surgical planning, anatomy, and technique of an intrinsic pontine glioma operated via EEA.
METHODS
Six-human brainstems were prepared for white matter microdissection. Ten healthy subjects were studied with high-definition fiber tractography (HDFT). A 56-yr-old female with right-hemiparesis underwent EEA for an exophytic pontine glioma. Pre- and postoperative HDFTs were implemented.
RESULTS
The corticospinal tracts (CSTs) are the most eloquent fibers in the ventral brainstem. At the pons, CSTs run between the pontine nuclei and the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP). At the lower medulla, the pyramidal decussation leaves no room for safe ventral access. In our illustrative case, preoperative HDFT showed left-CST displaced posteromedially and partially disrupted, right-CST posteriorly displaced, and MCP severely disrupted. A transclival exposure was performed achieving a complete resection of the exophytic component with residual intra-axial tumor. Immediately postop, patient developed new left-side abducens nerve palsy and worse right-hemiparesis. Ten days postop, her strength returned to baseline. HDFT showed preservation and trajectory restoration of the CSTs.
CONCLUSION
The EEA provides direct access to the ventral brainstem, overcoming the limitations of lateral approaches. For intrinsic pathology, HDFT helps choosing the most appropriate surgical route/boundaries for safer resection. Further experience is needed to determine the indications and limitations of this approach that should be performed by neurosurgeons with high-level expertise in EEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Fernandes Cabral
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Georgios A Zenonos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maximiliano Nuñez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pinar Celtikci
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carl Snyderman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul A Gardner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Juan C Fernandez-Miranda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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17
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Daoud EV, Rajaram V, Cai C, Oberle RJ, Martin GR, Raisanen JM, White CL, Foong C, Mickey BE, Pan E, Hatanpaa KJ. Adult Brainstem Gliomas With H3K27M Mutation: Radiology, Pathology, and Prognosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:302-311. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Daoud
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Veena Rajaram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chunyu Cai
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert J Oberle
- Department of Radiology, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas
| | - Gregory R Martin
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jack M Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chan Foong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bruce E Mickey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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18
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Adult leukoencephalopathies with prominent infratentorial involvement can be caused by Erdheim-Chester disease. J Neurol 2017; 265:273-284. [PMID: 29204962 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukoencephalopathies with prominent involvement of cerebellum and brainstem, henceforward called prominent infratentorial leukoencephalopathies (PILs), encompass a variety of inherited and acquired white matter diseases. Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis likely under-diagnosed as cause of adult PIL. METHODS We reviewed the clinical and laboratory information of ten consecutive sporadic adult patients with PIL of unknown origin, who were investigated for ECD. RESULTS There were seven males and three females; mean age at clinical onset was 49.6 years (range 38-59); cerebellar ataxia with or without other neurological symptoms was the only or the main clinical manifestation; diabetes insipidus was present in three individuals. Eight patients had white matter focal supratentorial abnormalities, in addition to the infratentorial white matter changes. Six out of eight patients had spinal cord lesions. Thoraco-abdominal CT showed periaortic sheathing in two patients, whole-body FDG-PET revealed increased glucose uptake in the long bones of the legs in five patients, brain FDG-PET showed overt infratentorial hypermetabolism in one patient. In eight patients, ECD was confirmed by bone scintigraphy, pathological data, or both. Two ECD patients treated with vemurafenib showed a marked improvement of neurological symptoms and brain MRI abnormalities at 1 year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of PIL can be the only clinical manifestation of ECD. Adult patients with PIL of unknown origin should undergo investigations aimed at unveiling ECD, including bone scintigraphy and whole-body FDG-PET. The early diagnosis allows starting disease-modifying therapies of an otherwise life-threatening disease.
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19
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Austin AM, Douglass MJ, Nguyen GT, Penfold SN. A radiobiological Markov simulation tool for aiding decision making in proton therapy referral. Phys Med 2017; 44:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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20
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Long W, Yi Y, Chen S, Cao Q, Zhao W, Liu Q. Potential New Therapies for Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:495. [PMID: 28790919 PMCID: PMC5525007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an extensively invasive malignancy with infiltration into other regions of the brainstem. Although large numbers of specific targeted therapies have been tested, no significant progress has been made in treating these high-grade gliomas. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic approaches is of great importance for the development of more effective treatments. This article reviews the conventional therapies and new potential therapeutic approaches for DIPG, including epigenetic therapy, immunotherapy, and the combination of stem cells with nanoparticle delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
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21
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Zhang YS, Pan CC, Zhang P, Dai B, Tang J, Wu Z, Zhang JT, Zhang LW. Prognostic indicators of adult medullary gliomas after microsurgical treatment - A retrospective analysis of 54 patients. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 44:122-127. [PMID: 28711295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the low incidence of medullary gliomas, the special location, and the function of the gliomas in the medulla oblongata, microsurgical treatment is still challenging for neurosurgeons. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of microsurgical treatment of adult medullary gliomas and to explore the prognostic factors after treatment. The clinical data from 54 patients with adult medullary gliomas who received microsurgical treatment at Beijing Tiantan Hospital (China) from April 2008 to April 2014 was retrospectively analyzed. The factors affecting their prognosis were analyzed with log-rank univariate analysis. The factors that affected prognosis included age, gender, duration of preoperative symptoms, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, World Health Organization (WHO) grade, extent of tumor resection, and postoperative complications. Those with statistical significance in the univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate Cox regression analysis. WHO grading showed 7 cases of grade I, 30 cases of grade II, 14 cases of grade III, and 3 cases of grade IV tumors. Univariable analysis showed that postoperative nasogastric feeding (P=0.031), WHO pathological grade (P=0.018), extent of resection (P=0.016), and preoperative involvement of ≥3 cranial nerves (CNs) (P=0.014) affected overall survival. The WHO pathological grade of the tumor was an independent risk factor for prognosis. In conclusion, the WHO pathological grade of the tumor was an important prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Song Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chang-Cun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Tiantanxili 6, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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22
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23
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Eisele SC, Reardon DA. Adult brainstem gliomas. Cancer 2016; 122:2799-809. [PMID: 27327773 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brainstem gliomas in adults are a rare and heterogeneous group of brain tumors that vary with regard to underlying pathology, radiographic appearance, clinical course and prognosis. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas represent the most common subtype. Although still considered aggressive and most often lethal, these brain tumors are associated with a more insidious clinical course and more favorable prognosis compared to the highly aggressive form in children. Treatment options for patients with brainstem gliomas still are limited and insufficiently studied. A better understanding of the pathobiology of these tumors will be crucial for the development of more specific and effective therapies. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2799-2809. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia C Eisele
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Quick-Weller J, Lescher S, Bruder M, Dinc N, Behmanesh B, Seifert V, Weise L, Marquardt G. Stereotactic biopsy of brainstem lesions: 21 years experiences of a single center. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:243-50. [PMID: 27291894 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereotactic biopsies are procedures performed to obtain tumor tissue for diagnostic examinations. Cerebral lesions of unknown entities can safely be accessed and tissue can be examined, resulting in correct diagnosis and according treatment. Stereotactic procedures of lesions in highly eloquent regions such as the brainstem have been performed for more than two decades in our department. In this retrospective study we focus on results, approaches, modalities of anesthesia, and complications. We performed a retrospective analysis of our prospective database, including 26 patients who underwent stereotactic biopsy of the brainstem between April 1994 and June 2015. All of the patients underwent preoperative MRI. Riechert-Mundinger-frame was used before 2000, thereafter the Leksell stereotactic frame was used. After 2000 entry and target points were calculated by using BrainLab stereotactic system. We evaluated histopathological results as well as further treatment; additionally we compared complications of local versus general anesthesia and complications of a frontal versus a trans-cerebellar approach. Median age of all patients was 33 years, and median number of tissue samples taken was 12. In all patients a final histopathological diagnosis could be established. 5 patients underwent the procedure under local anesthesia, 21 patients in general anesthesia. In 19 patients a frontal approach was performed, while in 7 patients a trans-cerebellar approach was used. Complications occurred in five patients. Thereby no significant difference was found with regard to approach (frontal versus trans-cerebellar) or anesthesia (local versus general). Stereotactic biopsies even of lesions in the brainstem are a save way to obtain tumor tissue for final diagnosis, resulting in adequate treatment. Approach can be trans-cerebellar or frontal and procedure can be performed either under local or general anesthesia without significant differences concerning complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Quick-Weller
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Lescher
- Institute for Neuroradiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Bruder
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nazife Dinc
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bedjan Behmanesh
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Seifert
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Weise
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Marquardt
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
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25
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Yoshida K, Sulaiman NS, Miyawaki D, Ejima Y, Nishimura H, Ishihara T, Matsuo Y, Nishikawa R, Sasayama T, Hayakawa A, Kohmura E, Sasaki R. Radiotherapy for brainstem gliomas in children and adults: A single-institution experience and literature review. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 13:e153-e160. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yoshida
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Nor Shazrina Sulaiman
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyawaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Yasuo Ejima
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Hideki Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Kobe Minimally Invasive Cancer Center; Kobe Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishihara
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Yoshiro Matsuo
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Takashi Sasayama
- Department of Neurosurgery; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Eiji Kohmura
- Department of Neurosurgery; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasaki
- Division of Radiation Oncology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
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26
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Rabadán AT, Campero A, Hernández D. Surgical Application of the Suboccipital Subtonsillar Approach to Reach the Inferior Half of Medulla Oblongata Tumors in Adult Patients. Front Surg 2016; 2:72. [PMID: 26793713 PMCID: PMC4710703 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulla oblongata (MO) tumors are uncommon in adults. Controversies about their treatment arise regarding the need for histological diagnosis in this eloquent area of the brain, weighing benefits of a reliable diagnosis, and the potential disadvantages of invasive procedures. As a broader variety of pathological findings could be found in this localization, the accurate histopathological definition could not only allow an adequate therapy but also can prevent the disastrous consequences of empiric treatments. There are few publications about their surgical management and all belongs to small retrospective cohorts. In this scenario, we are reporting two patients with exophytic or focal lesions in the inferior half of the medulla, who underwent surgery by suboccipital midline subtonsillar approach. This approach was not specifically described to reach MO before, and we found that the lesions produced a mild elevation of the tonsils providing a wide surgical view from the medulla to the foramen of Luchska laterally, and up to the middle cerebellar peduncle, offering a wide and safe access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra T Rabadán
- Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Alvaro Campero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Padilla , Tucumán , Argentina
| | - Diego Hernández
- Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Research A. Lanari, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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27
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Lachi PK, Irrakula M, Ahmed SF, Joseph D, Pamidighantam S, Jagannath Rao Naidu KV. Clinical profile and outcomes in brainstem glioma: An institutional experience. Asian J Neurosurg 2015; 10:298-302. [PMID: 26425160 PMCID: PMC4558807 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.162709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study: This study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of brain stem glioma treated with radiation therapy (RT) in our institution. Material and Methods: Records of 48 patients with brainstem glioma treated between January 2007 and January 2013 were reviewed. Demographic variables, clinical variables, radiological findings and treatment details with respect to age, sex, location of tumor ( pontine Vs non pontine ), signs and symptoms, RT dose, follow up period and outcomes were recorded. Patients were subdivided into two groups based on their age, age <15 years (Group I) and age >=15 yrs (Group II). Results: The median age at diagnosis was 10 years (range 4-50). Male to female ratio was 11:10. Of the 48 cases analyzed, 27 patients (56%) were in group I and 21 (44%) were in group II. Radiologically, 90.5% had involvement of pons. 10 (21%) patients received RT dose >60 Gy and 38 (79 %) patients received RT dose of 54-60 Gy. Median overall survival was 7months (range 3-44 months). Median overall survival in Group I and Group II was 4 months and 10 months respectively (P = 0.042). Conclusions: Brain stem glioma in pediatric age group is associated with worse outcomes than in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Lachi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Monica Irrakula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Syed Fayaz Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Deepa Joseph
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Pamidighantam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Imaging of adult brainstem gliomas. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:709-20. [PMID: 25641008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are uncommon in adults accounting for about 2% of all intracranial neoplasms. They are often phenotypically low-grade as compared to their more common paediatric counterparts. Since brainstem biopsies are rarely performed, these tumours are commonly classified according to their MR imaging characteristics into 4 subgroups: (a) diffuse intrinsic low-grade gliomas, (b) enhancing malignant gliomas, (c) focal tectal gliomas and (d) exophytic gliomas/other subtypes. The prognosis and treatment is variable for the different types and is almost similar to adult supratentorial gliomas. Radiotherapy (RT) with adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment of diffuse low-grade and malignant BSGs, whereas, surgical resection is limited to the exophytic subtypes. Review of previous literature shows that the detailed imaging of adult BSGs has not received significant attention. This review illustrates in detail the imaging features of adult BSGs using conventional and advanced MR techniques like diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR perfusion weighted imaging (PWI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), as well as 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine positron emission tomography (18F-FET/PET). We have discussed the pertinent differences between childhood and adult BSGs, imaging mimics, prognostic factors and briefly reviewed the treatment options of these tumours.
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Waqar M, Hanif S, Rathi N, Das K, Zakaria R, Brodbelt AR, Walker C, Jenkinson MD. Diagnostic challenges, management and outcomes of midline low-grade gliomas. J Neurooncol 2014; 120:389-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dey M, Lin Y, Melkonian S, Lam S. Prognostic factors and survival in primary adult high grade brainstem astrocytoma: A population based study from 1973–2008. J Clin Neurosci 2014; 21:1298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chu H, Dang BW. Risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complications following elective craniotomy for patients with tumors of the brainstem or adjacent to the brainstem. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1477-1481. [PMID: 25202352 PMCID: PMC4156239 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) of elective craniotomy for patients presenting with brainstem tumors or tumors adjacent to the brainstem. A total of 162 consecutive patients with a brainstem tumor or adjacent brainstem tumor undergoing elective craniotomy were included and monitored. Potential risk factors were identified by data collection and monitoring of the PPCs, as well as the performance of single factor analysis (using the χ2 test). In addition, the independent risk factors of PPCs were screened by logistic analysis. A total of 39 cases of PPC were included in the current study, with an incidence rate of 23.9%. The analysis indicated that smoking history, previous pulmonary diseases, an American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >II and partial tumor resection were risk factors of PPC following an elective craniotomy. Smoking history and partial tumor resection were identified to be independent risk factors of PPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Wen Dang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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32
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Hundsberger T, Tonder M, Hottinger A, Brügge D, Roelcke U, Putora PM, Stupp R, Weller M. Clinical management and outcome of histologically verified adult brainstem gliomas in Switzerland: a retrospective analysis of 21 patients. J Neurooncol 2014; 118:321-328. [PMID: 24736829 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Because of low incidence, mixed study populations and paucity of clinical and histological data, the management of adult brainstem gliomas (BSGs) remains non-standardized. We here describe characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients with exclusively histologically confirmed adult BSGs. A retrospective chart review of adults (age >18 years) was conducted. BSG was defined as a glial tumor located in the midbrain, pons or medulla. Characteristics, management and outcome were analyzed. Twenty one patients (17 males; median age 41 years) were diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 by biopsy (n = 15), partial (n = 4) or complete resection (n = 2). Diagnoses were glioblastoma (WHO grade IV, n = 6), anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III, n = 7), diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II, n = 6) and pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I, n = 2). Diffuse gliomas were mainly located in the pons and frequently showed MRI contrast enhancement. Endophytic growth was common (16 vs. 5). Postoperative therapy in low-grade (WHO grade I/II) and high-grade gliomas (WHO grade III/IV) consisted of radiotherapy alone (three in each group), radiochemotherapy (2 vs. 6), chemotherapy alone (0 vs. 2) or no postoperative therapy (3 vs. 1). Median PFS (24.1 vs. 5.8 months; log-rank, p = 0.009) and mOS (30.5 vs. 11.5 months; log-rank, p = 0.028) was significantly better in WHO grade II than in WHO grade III/IV tumors. Second-line therapy considerably varied. Histologically verification of adult BSGs is feasible and has an impact on postoperative treatment. Low-grade gliomas can simple be followed or treated with radiotherapy alone. Radiochemotherapy with temozolomide can safely be prescribed for high-grade gliomas without additional CNS toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hundsberger
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstr. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstr. 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Michaela Tonder
- Department of Neurology, and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hottinger
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Detlef Brügge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Roelcke
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Paul Martin Putora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Oncology, and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, and Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Reithmeier T, Kuzeawu A, Hentschel B, Loeffler M, Trippel M, Nikkhah G. Retrospective analysis of 104 histologically proven adult brainstem gliomas: clinical symptoms, therapeutic approaches and prognostic factors. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:115. [PMID: 24555482 PMCID: PMC3975961 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult brainstem gliomas are rare primary brain tumors (<2% of gliomas). The goal of this study was to analyze clinical, prognostic and therapeutic factors in a large series of histologically proven brainstem gliomas. Methods Between 1997 and 2007, 104 patients with a histologically proven brainstem glioma were retrospectively analyzed. Data about clinical course of disease, neuropathological findings and therapeutic approaches were analyzed. Results The median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range 18-89 years), median KPS before any operative procedure was 80 (range 20-100) and median survival for the whole cohort was 18.8 months. Histopathological examinations revealed 16 grade I, 31 grade II, 42 grade III and 14 grade IV gliomas. Grading was not possible in 1 patient. Therapeutic concepts differed according to the histopathology of the disease. Median overall survival for grade II tumors was 26.4 months, for grade III tumors 12.9 months and for grade IV tumors 9.8 months. On multivariate analysis the relative risk to die increased with a KPS ≤ 70 by factor 6.7, with grade III/IV gliomas by the factor 1.8 and for age ≥ 40 by the factor 1.7. External beam radiation reduced the risk to die by factor 0.4. Conclusion Adult brainstem gliomas present with a wide variety of neurological symptoms and postoperative radiation remains the cornerstone of therapy with no proven benefit of adding chemotherapy. Low KPS, age ≥ 40 and higher tumor grade have a negative impact on overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reithmeier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Schwabing Academic Teaching Hospital, Munich, Germany.
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Susheela SP, Revannasiddaiah S, Muzumder S, Mallarajapatna G, Kallur K, Basavalingaiah AS. Re-irradiation with hypo-fractionated stereotactic robotic radiotherapy for salvage in adult patients with brainstem glioma. Ecancermedicalscience 2013; 7:366. [PMID: 24171050 PMCID: PMC3805143 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2013.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Brainstem glioma (BSG) is often treated with definitive irradiation. However, subsequent progression and death occur as a rule rather than the exception, after varying periods of control. The outlook of patients with post-irradiation progression is dismal, and most of these patients are treated with supportive care alone. Despite the obvious risks with an area as critical as the brainstem, it is a possibility to encounter situations wherein the patients (themselves or their associates) ask for re-irradiation, with the hope of a few extra months of life. The risk of radiation-induced brainstem toxicity may be justifiable under the strict assumption that the patients stand a chance of benefiting from re-irradiation but still may not live long enough to manifest brainstem toxicity. Methods Five adult BSG patients were treated with re-irradiation using robotic-arm stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) between September 2009 and July 2012, primarily at the request of the concerned patient parties. Re-irradiation doses ranged from 16 to 25 Gray (Gy) delivered by robotic arm stereotactic irradiation in 2–5 fractions. Results Four out of five patients enjoyed a prolongation of survival in the order of months (three, five, six, and 14 months), which was very significant given that all patients had severe neurological compromise and poor performance status prior to re-irradiation. One patient has survived 36 months after re-irradiation and thus has lived long enough to manifest late radiation-induced brainstem toxicity. Conclusion Despite the obvious risks of brainstem toxicity associated with the use of re-irradiation for BSG, the use of fractionated stereotactic re-irradiation seems to offers prospects of additional periods of local control and augments duration of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar P Susheela
- HealthCare Global - Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560027, India
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35
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Ramos A, Hilario A, Lagares A, Salvador E, Perez-Nuñez A, Sepulveda J. Brainstem gliomas. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2013; 34:104-12. [PMID: 23522775 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Historically, brainstem gliomas have been considered as a single entity. Since the introduction of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the late 1980s, these tumors are now regarded as a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with different age of onset, clinical and radiologic presentation, and varying behavior and natural history. This article describes the different subtypes of brainstem gliomas in children and adults. We focus on recent advances in MR such as MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion, and diffusion tensor imaging that often strongly suggest the histopathologic diagnosis of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ramos
- Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Abstract
Brainstem gliomas (BGs) are a heterogenous group of gliomas that occur predominately in children. They can be separated into groups on the basis of anatomy and clinical behavior: diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), exophytic medullary glioma, and tectal glioma. DIPG is the commonest BG. Median age at onset is 6.5 years and median survival is less than 1 year. Adults with DIPG survive longer, suggesting a less aggressive and biologically different tumor from that in children. Patients present with cranial nerve dysfunction, long tract signs, or ataxia, either in isolation or in combination. Magnetic resonance imaging shows an infiltrative lesion occupying most of the pons and contrast enhancement is usually not prominent. Standard treatment is fractionated radiotherapy. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor mutations have been identified. Inhibitors of these growth factor receptors are being evaluated in clinical trials. Exophytic medullary and tectal gliomas are relatively indolent tumors that can often be followed closely without treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Grimm
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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37
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Wang Y, Tian Y, Wan H, Li D, Wu W, Yin L, Jiang J, Wan W, Zhang L. Differences between brainstem gliomas in juvenile and adult rats. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:246-250. [PMID: 23946812 PMCID: PMC3742815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that gliomas of the brainstem behave differently in children and adults. The aim of the present study was to compare and analyze the differences between these gliomas in juvenile and adult rats with regard to tumor growth, survival, pathology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 25 juvenile and 25 adult Wistar rats were divided into groups A (15 juvenile rats), B (10 juvenile rats), C (15 adult rats) and D (10 adult rats). The rats of groups A and C (experimental) were injected with glioma cells, while groups B and D (control) were injected with a physiological saline solution. Rat neurological signs, survival time, tumor size, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining for MMP-2, MMP-9 and β-catenin were compared. The survival time of group A was 19.47±2.232 days, whereas that of group C was 21.47±2.232 days (P<0.05). The tumor sizes were 4.55 and 4.62 mm (P>0.05) in groups A and C, respectively. HE and immunohistochemical staining revealed no differences between the groups. The results suggest that the growth patterns and invasiveness of brainstem gliomas may vary in children compared with adults due to the varied biological behaviors of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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38
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Sun T, Wan W, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhang L. Clinical outcomes and natural history of pediatric brainstem tumors: with 33 cases follow-ups. Neurosurg Rev 2012; 36:311-9; discussion 319-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-012-0428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reyes-Botero G, Mokhtari K, Martin-Duverneuil N, Delattre JY, Laigle-Donadey F. Adult brainstem gliomas. Oncologist 2012; 17:388-97. [PMID: 22382458 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2011-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brainstem gliomas are uncommon in adults and account for only 1%-2% of intracranial gliomas. They represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that differ from those found in their pediatric counterparts. In adults, a low-grade phenotype predominates, which is a feature that likely explains their better prognosis compared to that in children. Because biopsies are rarely performed, classifications based on the radiological aspect of magnetic resonance imaging results have been proposed to establish treatment strategies and to determine outcomes: (a) diffuse intrinsic low-grade, (b) enhancing malignant glioma, (c) focal tectal gliomas, and (d) exophytic gliomas. Despite significant advances in neuroradiology techniques, a purely radiological classification remains imperfect in the absence of a histological diagnosis. Whereas a biopsy may often be reasonably avoided in the diffuse nonenhancing forms, obtaining histological proof seems necessary in many contrast-enhanced brainstem lesions because of the wide variety of differential diagnoses in adults. Conventional radiotherapy is the standard treatment for diffuse intrinsic low-grade brainstem gliomas in adults (the median survival is 5 years). In malignant brainstem gliomas, radiotherapy is the standard treatment. However, the possible benefit of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (temozolomide or other agents) has not been thoroughly evaluated in adults. The role of anti-angiogenic therapies in brainstem gliomas remains to be defined. A better understanding of the biology of these tumors is of primary importance for identifying homogeneous subgroups and for improving therapy options and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Reyes-Botero
- Service de Neurologie 2-Division Mazarin, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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40
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41
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Zhang C, Yao Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Mao Y, Zhou L. Temozolomide for adult brain stem glioblastoma: case report of a long-term survivor. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:787-91. [PMID: 20946086 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.520377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain stem gliomas are rare intracranial tumors, especially in adults. Malignant or high-grade brain stem gliomas are usually associated with a very poor prognosis. This case report documents an adolescent harboring brain stem glioblastoma who had complete radiological response to temozolomide after partial tumor resection and survived for more than 3 years. Radiological and pathological findings are described. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases have been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Bevacizumab in adult malignant brainstem gliomas. J Neurooncol 2009; 95:299-300. [PMID: 19506812 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-009-9933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to determine if recent advances in diagnostic and treatment modalities result in improvement in the pattern of care of brainstem gliomas. RECENT FINDINGS New MRI techniques may contribute to differential diagnosis and aid neurosurgeons in removing resectable brainstem tumors. A better radiological analysis of these heterogeneous tumors improves their classification and helps to better distinguish prognosis subgroups. However, biopsy remains indicated in many contrast enhancing brainstem masses in adults because of the great variety of differential diagnosis. SUMMARY Diffuse brainstem glioma is the most common subtype of brainstem tumor and remains a devastating malignancy in children. Conventional radiotherapy is the standard of care and chemotherapy has been disappointing to date. Given the lack of efficacy of conventional drugs, a better understanding of the biology of this tumor is the key to more targeted therapy.
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Ueoka DI, Nogueira J, Campos JC, Maranhão Filho P, Ferman S, Lima MA. Brainstem gliomas--retrospective analysis of 86 patients. J Neurol Sci 2009; 281:20-3. [PMID: 19345380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Brainstem gliomas constitute 10% of brain tumors in children and less than 2% in adults. Since therapeutic options are limited and brainstem gliomas are associated with a high morbidity and mortality, we sought to analyze the prognostic factors associated with a better outcome. We reviewed the records of 86 patients with brainstem gliomas treated between 1996 and 2006. We recorded demographic and clinical variables as well as radiological findings and survival. Patients were divided in two groups regarding overall survival: late progressors (survival >or=12 months) or early progressors (survival<12 months). Of 86 patients with brainstem gliomas, 55.8% were females. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.2 years (range 1 to 52 years). Twenty-four (27.9%) patients were adults. Lesions were located at pons in 75.6% of patients, midbrain in 15.1% and medulla in 9.3%. There was no difference between early and late progressors concerning gender, age at onset, location at pons, presence of necrosis or contrast enhancement observed at MRI or surgical resection. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, only a short duration of symptoms before diagnosis (<3 months) was associated with a worst prognosis (odds ratio 5.59, 95% CI 1.94 to 16, p=0.0014). A short duration of symptoms, which may imply a more aggressive tumor, was associated with a worst prognosis in patients with brainstem gliomas. This information may be useful in the selection of patients for future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis I Ueoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Cancer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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45
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Combs SE, Steck I, Schulz-Ertner D, Welzel T, Kulozik AE, Behnisch W, Huber PE, Debus J. Long-term outcome of high-precision radiotherapy in patients with brain stem gliomas: Results from a difficult-to-treat patient population using fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2009; 91:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bevacizumab and irinotecan treatment for progressive diffuse brainstem glioma: case report. J Neurooncol 2009; 93:409-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kesari S, Kim RS, Markos V, Drappatz J, Wen PY, Pruitt AA. Prognostic factors in adult brainstem gliomas: a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 101 cases. J Neurooncol 2008; 88:175-83. [PMID: 18365144 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult brainstem gliomas (BSG) are uncommon and poorly understood with respect to prognostic factors. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical, radiographic, histologic, and treatment features from 101 adults with presumed or biopsy proven BSG to determine prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the records of patients diagnosed from 1987-2005. We used Cox proportional hazard models to determine prognostic factors. RESULTS These 50 male and 51 female patients ranged in age from 18 to 79 years at diagnosis (median 36 years) with follow-ups from 1 to 261 months (median 47 months). The overall survival for all patients at 5 and 10 years was 58% and 41%, respectively, with a median survival of 85 months (range 1-228). Out of 24 candidate prognosis factors, we selected seven covariates for proportional hazards model by Lasso procedure: age of diagnosis, ethnicity, need for corticosteroids, tumor grade, dysphagia, tumor location, and karnofsky performance status (KPS). Univariate analysis showed that these seven factors are significantly associated with survival. Multivariate analysis showed that four covariates significantly increased hazard for survival: ethnicity, tumor location, age of diagnosis, and tumor grade. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified four prognostic factors that were significantly associated with survival in adults with BSGs. Overall, these patients have a better prognosis than children with BSGs reported in the literature. These results call for larger prospective studies to fully assess the importance of these factors in the clinical setting and to help stratify patients in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kesari
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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48
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Brain stem gliomas: Patterns of Care in Victoria from 1998–2000. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 15:237-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Natural history and management of brainstem gliomas in adults. J Neurol 2008; 255:171-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Samadani U, Stein S, Moonis G, Sonnad SS, Bonura P, Judy KD. Stereotactic biopsy of brain stem masses: decision analysis and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 66:484-90; discussion 491. [PMID: 17084194 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2006.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult brain stem tumors are rare, and diverse pathology can be found in this location. Stereotactic biopsy of lesions in the brain stem has been performed since the 1960s with high diagnostic and low complication rates. Advances in imaging technology have raised questions regarding the utility of biopsy. We perform decision analysis to aid clinicians in their approach to management of adult brain stem lesions. METHODS A structured literature search revealed 20 publications with 457 patients who had undergone brain stem lesion biopsy. These publications were reviewed to determine diagnostic rates and the incidence of complications. Standard decision analytic techniques were applied to the case of a virtual adult patient with a lesion in the brain stem. RESULTS A 1-way sensitivity analysis revealed the likelihood that the preoperative diagnosis was correct and the rate at which incorrect treatment was based on faulty empirical diagnosis as the 2 factors with the greatest effects on patient outcome. The diagnostic rate and complication rate of biopsy, within the ranges reported in the literature, had lesser effects. A threshold analysis was constructed to compare outcomes from stereotactic biopsy vs empiric therapy for a brain stem lesion. The probability that the preoperative diagnosis is correct is plotted vs the probability that empirical treatment based on an incorrect diagnosis will have adverse effect. CONCLUSIONS Management of lesions in the adult brain stem requires careful consideration of multiple preoperative factors including clinical and radiographic diagnostic certainty, consequences of empiric therapy, and the surgeon's complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Samadani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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