Turton EW, Ender J. Role of 3D Echocardiography in Cardiac Surgery: Strengths and Limitations.
CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2017;
7:291-298. [PMID:
28890667 PMCID:
PMC5565647 DOI:
10.1007/s40140-017-0226-5]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review aims to highlight the general and specific strengths and limitations of intraoperative 3D echocardiography. This article explains the value of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT 3D TEE) during cardiac surgery and cardiac interventions.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recently published recommendations and guidelines include the use of RT 3D TEE. RT 3 D TEE provides additional value particularly for guidance during cardiac interventions (i.e., transcatheter mitral valve repair, left atrial appendix and atrial septal defect closures), assessment of the mitral valve in surgical repair, measurement of left ventricular outflow tract area for transcatheter valvular replacements, and estimating right and left ventricular volumes and function. The exact localization of paravalvular leakage is another strength of RT 3D TEE. The major limitation is the reduced temporal resolution compared to 2D TEE.
SUMMARY
Three-dimensional echocardiography is a powerful tool that improves communication and accurate measurements of cardiac structures.
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