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Raman S, Waskitho A, Raju R, Iwasa T, Ikutame D, Okura K, Oshima M, Matsuka Y. Analgesic Effect of Tranilast in an Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain and Its Role in the Regulation of Tetrahydrobiopterin Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5878. [PMID: 35682555 PMCID: PMC9180260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is unilateral, lancinating, episodic pain that can be provoked by routine activities. Anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, are the drugs of choice; however, these possess side-effects. Microvascular decompression is the most effective surgical technique with a higher success rate, although occasionally causes adverse effects. The potential treatment for this type of pain remains unmet. Increased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels have been reported in association with axonal injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tranilast on relieving neuropathic pain in animal models and analyze the changes in BH4 synthesis. Neuropathic pain was induced via infraorbital nerve constriction. Tranilast, carbamazepine, or saline was injected intraperitoneally to assess the rat's post-intervention pain response. In the von Frey's test, the tranilast and carbamazepine groups showed significant changes in the head withdrawal threshold in the ipsilateral whisker pad area. The motor coordination test showed no changes in the tranilast group, whereas the carbamazepine group showed decreased performance, indicating impaired motor coordination. Trigeminal ganglion tissues were used for the PCR array analysis of genes that regulate the BH4 pathway. Downregulation of the sepiapterin reductase (Spr) and aldoketo reductase (Akr) genes after tranilast injection was observed compared to the pain model. These findings suggest that tranilast effectively treats neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalakshmi Raman
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Arief Waskitho
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Resmi Raju
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Takuma Iwasa
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Daisuke Ikutame
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Kazuo Okura
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Masamitsu Oshima
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Yoshizo Matsuka
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (S.R.); (A.W.); (T.I.); (D.I.); (K.O.); (M.O.)
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Mota FVB, Coutinho FN, de Carvalho VMF, de Assis Correia JC, Bastos IVGA, Neto PPM, Ximenes RM, Brondani DJ, de Faria AR, Marchand P, da Silva TG. Antinociceptive Effects of Aza-Bicyclic Isoxazoline-Acylhydrazone Derivatives in Different Models of Nociception in Mice. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:247-258. [PMID: 34986770 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220105102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a study recently published by our research group, the compounds isoxazoline-acylhydrazone derivatives R-99 and R-123 presented promising antinociceptive activity. However, the mechanism of action of this compound is still unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive activity of these compounds in chemical models of pain. METHODS Animals were orally pretreated and evaluated in the acetic acid-, formalin-, capsaicin-, carrageenan- and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain models in mice. The effects of the compounds after pretreatment with naloxone, prazosin, yohimbine, atropine, L-arginine, or glibenclamide were studied, using the acetic acid-induced writhing test to verify the possible involvement of opioid, α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic or cholinergic receptors, and nitric oxide or potassium channels pathways, respectively. RESULTS R-99 and R-123 compounds showed significant antinociceptive activity on pain models induced by acetic acid, formalin, and capsaicin. Both compounds decreased the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan or CFA in mice. The antinociceptive effects of R-99 and R-123 on the acetic acid-induced writhing test were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with naloxone, yohimbine or atropine. R-99 also showed an attenuated response after pretreatment with atropine and glibenclamide. However, on the pretreatment with prazosin, there was no change in the animals' response to both compounds. CONCLUSION R-99 and R-123 showed antinociceptive effects related to mechanisms that involve, at least in part, interaction with the opioid and adrenergic systems and TRPV1 pathways. The compound R-99 also interacts with the cholinergic pathways and potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Neves Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Dalci José Brondani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Antônio Rodolfo de Faria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Département de Chimie Thérapeutique, University of Nantes, 22 Boulevard Bénoni Goullin, France
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Todorović M, Micov A, Nastić K, Tomić M, Pecikoza U, Vuković M, Stepanović-Petrović R. Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:237-249. [PMID: 34820899 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a novel atypical antidepressant with multimodal activity that has recently demonstrated efficacy against neuropathic pain. There is no published data about its analgesic properties in models characterized by peripheral inflammation and consequent pain pathway sensitization, nor data on its mechanism of antinociceptive action. This study aimed to investigate vortioxetine's antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain models, and provide evidence on its mechanism of action in the modulation of trigeminal nociception. Vortioxetine's effects on the nociceptive behavior in orofacial formalin test (OFT) and acetic acid-writhing test in mice and on mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats were examined following peroral single administration. The involvement of serotonergic/adrenergic/cholinergic/cannabinoid/adenosine receptors was evaluated in OFT by intraperitoneally treating mice with an appropriate antagonist immediately after vortioxetine application. We used antagonists of 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic (GR 127935), α1 -adrenergic (prazosin), α2 -adrenergic (yohimbine), β1 -adrenergic (metoprolol), muscarinic (atropine), α7 nicotinic (methyllycaconitine), CB1 /CB2 cannabinoid (AM251 and AM630), and adenosine A1 (DPCPX) receptors. Vortioxetine dose-dependently reduced pain behavior in OFT and acetic acid writhing test, as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia in paw pressure test. All examined antagonists except prazosin dose-dependently inhibited vortioxetine's antinociceptive effects. In conclusion, vortioxetine exerted analgesic efficacy in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain. The effect is at least in part mediated by 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic, α2 /β1 -adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic, CB1 /CB2 cannabinoid, and adenosine A1 receptors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the analgesic effect of vortioxetine and suggest its potential usefulness for inflammatory pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Todorović
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Micov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nastić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tomić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Pecikoza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milja Vuković
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ahmad N, Subhan F, Islam NU, Shahid M, Ullah N, Ullah R, Khurram M, Amin MU, Akbar S, Ullah I, Sewell RDE. Pharmacological evaluation of the gabapentin salicylaldehyde derivative, gabapentsal, against tonic and phasic pain models, inflammation, and pyrexia. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:2033-2047. [PMID: 34254154 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gabapentinoids are effective drugs in most animal models of pain and inflammation with variable effects in humans. The current study evaluated the pharmacological activity of gabapentin (GBP) and its salicylaldehyde derivative (gabapentsal; [2-(1-(((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino) methyl) cyclohexyl) acetic acid]; GPS) in well-established mouse models of nociceptive pain, inflammatory edema, and pyrexia at doses of 25-100 mg/kg. GPS allayed tonic visceral pain as reflected by acetic acid-induced nociception and it also diminished thermally induced nociception as a mimic of phasic thermal pain. Antagonism of GPS-induced antinociceptive activities by naloxone (NLX, 1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously, s.c), beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNT, 5.0 mg/kg, s.c), naltrindole (NT, 1.0 mg/kg, s.c), and nor-binaltorphimine (NOR-BNI, 5.0 mg/kg, s.c), and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ-15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i.p) implicated an involvement of both opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms. Tail immersion test was conducted in order to delineate the mechanistic insights of antinociceptive response. Inflammatory edema induced by carrageenan, histamine, or serotonin was also effectively reversed by GPS in a fashion analogous to aspirin (150 mg/kg, i.p), chlorpheniramine (1.0 mg/kg, i.p), and mianserin (1.0 mg/kg, i.p), respectively. Additionally, yeast-induced pyrexia was decreased by GPS in a comparable manner to acetaminophen (50 mg/kg, i.p). These observations suggest that GPS possesses ameliorative properties in tonic, phasic, and tail immersion tests of nociception via opioidergic and GABAergic mechanisms, curbs inflammatory edema, and is antipyretic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmad
- Islam College of Pharmacy, Pasrur Road, Sialkot, Punjab, 51040, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nazar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Ullah
- Islam College of Pharmacy, Pasrur Road, Sialkot, Punjab, 51040, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Shehla Akbar
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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Wang Q, Qin F, Wang H, Yang H, Liu Q, Li Z, Jiang Y, Lu S, Wang Q, Lu Z. Effect of Electro-Acupuncture at ST36 and SP6 on the cAMP -CREB Pathway and mRNA Expression Profile in the Brainstem of Morphine Tolerant Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:698967. [PMID: 34512242 PMCID: PMC8431970 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.698967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, opioid drugs have been the most popular treatment for refractory pain since found, such as morphine. However, tolerance to the analgesic effects caused by repeated use is inevitable, which greatly limits the clinical application of these drugs. Nowadays, it has become the focus of the world that further development of non-opioid-based treatment along with efficient strategies to circumvent opioid tolerance are urgently needed clinically. Fortunately, electro-acupuncture (EA) provides an alternative to pharmaceutic treatment, remaining its potential mechanisms unclear although. This study was aimed to observe the effects of EA on morphine-induced tolerance in mice and discover its underlying mechanism. Tail-flick assay and hot-plate test were conducted to assess the development of tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia effect. As a result of repeated administration scheme (10 mg/kg, twice per day, for 7 days), approximately a two-fold increase was observed in the effective dose of 50% (ED50) of morphine-induced antinociceptive effect. Interestingly, by EA treatment (2/100Hz, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mA, 30 min/day for 7 days) at the acupoints Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6), morphine ED50 curves was remarkably leftward shifted on day 8. In addition, the RNA sequencing strategy was used to reveal the potential mechanisms. Due to the well described relevance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and cAMP response element-binding (CREB) in brainstem (BS) to analgesia tolerance, the cAMP-PKA/ERK-CREB signaling was deeply concerned in this study. Based upon Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, the up-regulation of the cAMP level was observed, whereas reversed with EA treatment. Similarly, western blot revealed the phosphorylation levels of PKA, ERK, and CREB were up-regulated in morphine tolerant mice, whereas the EA group showed a significantly reduced expression level instead. This study observed an attenuating effect of the EA at ST36 and SP6 on morphine tolerance in mice, and suggested several potential biological targets by RNA-seq, which include the cAMP-PKA/ERK-CREB signaling pathway, strongly supporting a useful treatment for combatting the opioid epidemic, and opioid-tolerant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenfen Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanya Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of International Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Joksimovic SL, Lamborn N, Jevtovic-Todorovic V, Todorovic SM. Alpha lipoic acid attenuates evoked and spontaneous pain following surgical skin incision in rats. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:398-407. [PMID: 33843451 PMCID: PMC8043189 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1907058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated CaV3.2 isoform of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) in the development of postsurgical pain. We have also previously established that different T-channel antagonists can alleviate in vivo postsurgical pain. Here we investigated the analgesic potential of another T-channel blocker and endogenous antioxidant molecule, α-lipoic acid (ALA), in a postsurgical pain model in rats. Our in vivo results suggest that single and repetitive intraperitoneal injections of ALA after surgery or preemptively, significantly reduced evoked mechanical hyperalgesia following surgical paw incision. Furthermore, repeated preemptive systemic injections of ALA effectively alleviated spontaneous postsurgical pain as determined by dynamic weight-bearing testing. We expect that our preclinical study may lead to further investigation of analgesic properties and mechanisms of analgesic action of ALA in patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lj Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Lamborn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus and Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Synthesis, Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Activity of New Hybrid Compounds: Derivatives of 3-(3-Methylthiophen-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165750. [PMID: 32796594 PMCID: PMC7461116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to design and synthesize a new series of hybrid compounds with pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and thiophene rings in the structure as potential anticonvulsant and antinociceptive agents. For this purpose, we obtained a series of new compounds and evaluated their anticonvulsant activity in animal models of epilepsy (maximal electroshock (MES), psychomotor (6 Hz), and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizure tests). To determine the mechanism of action of the most active anticonvulsant compounds (3, 4, 6, 9), their influence on the voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels as well as GABA transporter (GAT) was assessed. The most promising compound 3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1-(3-morpholinopropyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione hydrochloride (4) showed higher ED50 value than those of the reference drugs: valproic acid (VPA) and ethosuximide (ETX) (62.14 mg/kg vs. 252.7 mg/kg (VPA) in the MES test, and 75.59 mg/kg vs. 130.6 mg/kg (VPA) and 221.7 mg/kg (ETX) in the 6 Hz test, respectively). Moreover, in vitro studies of compound 4 showed moderate but balanced inhibition of the neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium (site 2) and L-type calcium channels. Additionally, the antinociceptive activity of the most active compounds (3, 4, 6, 9) was also evaluated in the hot plate test and writhing tests, and their hepatotoxic properties in HepG2 cells were also investigated. To determine the possible mechanism of the analgesic effect of compounds 3, 6, and 9, the affinity for the TRPV1 receptor was investigated.
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Fujiwara A, Nakao K, Ueno T, Matsumura S, Ito S, Minami T. Stiripentol alleviates neuropathic pain in L5 spinal nerve-transected mice. J Anesth 2020; 34:373-381. [PMID: 32189128 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antiepileptic drugs are used not only for the treatment of epilepsy but also for that of neuropathic pain. However, their action mechanisms have not always been well explained. Stiripentol, an effective antiepileptic drug indicated as a therapeutic for Dravet syndrome, was recently shown to act as an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase in astrocytes. In this present study, we examined the effect of stiripentol on neuropathic pain in L5 spinal nerve-transected mice. METHODS We carried out behavioral tests using calibrated von Frey filaments and the immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, in L5 spinal nerve-transected mice after intrathecal administration of drugs. RESULTS Like other anticonvulsants such as gabapentin and carbamazepine, stiripentol alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia induced by L5 spinal nerve transection in a dose-dependent manner, when intrathecally administered to mice 7, 14, and 28 days after L5 spinal nerve transection. Likewise, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, a broad inhibitor of monocarboxylate transporters, diminished mechanical hyperalgesia induced by L5 spinal nerve transection. Simultaneous administration of L-lactate negated the analgesic effect elicited by stiripentol, carbamazepine or α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, but not that by gabapentin. None of the anticonvulsants affected the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein. CONCLUSIONS This present study demonstrated that stiripentol was effective against neuropathic pain and suggested that the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle was involved in such pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumura
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Minami
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
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Zhou WZ, Zhao TY, Wang ZY, Lu GY, Zhang SZ, Zhang C, Wu N, Li J. Synergistic antinociception between ZC88, an N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker, and ibuprofen in mouse models of visceral and somatic inflammatory pain. Eur J Pain 2018; 23:46-56. [PMID: 29978517 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of analgesic agents with different mechanisms can induce additive or synergistic analgesia. The N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (N-VDCC) is a novel therapeutic target for pain control. In addition to providing effective pain relief when used alone, N-VDCC blockers produce synergistic analgesia when used in combination with opiates. However, the interaction between N-VDCC blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remains unclear. METHODS Using isobolographic analysis and composite additive curve analysis, the antinociceptive interaction between ZC88, a selective N-VDCC blocker and ibuprofen, a classical NSAID, was investigated in two mouse models of visceral and somatic inflammatory pain. RESULTS In the acetic acid writhing test, both ZC88 (10.5-42 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and ibuprofen (50-200 mg/kg, orally) produced dose-dependent antinociception, with ED50 values of 27.2 and 100.5 mg/kg, respectively. ZC88 in combination with ibuprofen (ZC88 + ibuprofen) also induced significant antinociception, and isobolographic analysis revealed a synergistic interaction at 50% effect level. The experimental ED50 (ED50 mix ) of this combination (34.5 mg/kg) was significantly lower than the theoretical ED50 (ED50 add ; 63.8 mg/kg). Additionally, composite additive curve analysis displayed synergistic interaction at other effect levels. In the formalin test, ZC88 or ibuprofen alone significantly reduced late-phase rather than early-phase pain, with ED50 values of 31.3 and 123.9 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, both isobolographic analysis and composite additive curve analysis revealed synergistic antinociception of ZC88 + ibuprofen (40.6 mg/kg of ED50 mix vs. 77.6 mg/kg of ED50 add ). CONCLUSION ZC88 in combination with ibuprofen produces synergistic antinociception in mouse models of somatic and visceral inflammatory pain. SIGNIFICANCE Because ZC88 + ibuprofen achieves the same antinociceptive effect at lower doses, the use of this combination could result in fewer dose-related untoward effects. The potentiation of ZC88 on ibuprofen-induced antinociception indicates that N-VDCC blocker has potential benefit to treat severe inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Z Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - T-Y Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - Z-Y Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - G-Y Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - S-Z Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - C Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - N Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
| | - J Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, China
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Antiepileptic drugs as analgesics/adjuvants in inflammatory pain: current preclinical evidence. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:42-64. [PMID: 29909236 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain is the most common type of pain that is treated clinically. The use of currently available treatments (classic analgesics - NSAIDs, paracetamol and opioids) is limited by insufficient efficacy and/or side effects/tolerance development. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used in neuropathic pain treatment, but there is substantial preclinical evidence on their efficacy against inflammatory pain, too. In this review we focus on gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) and dibenzazepine AEDs (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and recently introduced eslicarbazepine acetate) and their potential for relieving inflammatory pain. In models of somatic, visceral and trigeminal inflammatory pain, that have a translational value for inflammatory conditions in locomotor system, viscera and head/face, AEDs have demonstrated analgesic activity. This activity was mostly consistent, dependent on the dose and largely independent on the site of inflammation and method of its induction, nociceptive stimuli, species, specific drug used, its route of administration and dosing schedule. AEDs exerted comparable efficacy with classic analgesics. Effective doses of AEDs are lower than toxic doses in animals and, when expressed as equivalent human doses, they are largely overlapping with AEDs doses already used in humans for treating epilepsy/neuropathic pain. The main mechanism of antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic action of gabapentinoids in inflammatory pain models seems to be α2δ-dependent suppression of voltage-gated calcium channels in primary sensory neurons that leads to reduced release of neurotransmitters in the spinal/medullar dorsal horn. The suppression of NMDA receptors via co-agonist binding site primarily at spinal sites, activation of various types of K+ channels at spinal and peripheral sites, and activation of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending pain modulatory pathways may also contribute. Inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels along the pain pathway is probably the main mechanism of antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects of dibenzazepines. The recruitment of peripheral adrenergic and purinergic mechanisms and central GABAergic mechanisms may also contribute. When co-administered with classic/other alternative analgesics, AEDs exerted synergistic/additive interactions. Reviewed data could serve as a basis for clinical studies on the efficacy/safety of AEDs as analgesics/adjuvants in patients with inflammatory pain, and contribute to the improvement of the treatment of various inflammatory pain states.
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Smith MD, Woodhead JH, Handy LJ, Pruess TH, Vanegas F, Grussendorf E, Grussendorf J, White K, Bulaj KK, Krumin RK, Hunt M, Wilcox KS. Preclinical Comparison of Mechanistically Different Antiseizure, Antinociceptive, and/or Antidepressant Drugs in a Battery of Rodent Models of Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1995-2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Antinociceptive interaction of gabapentin with minocycline in murine diabetic neuropathy. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:91-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED There is little evidence for most of the medications currently used to treat functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in children. Not only are there very few clinical trials, but also most have significant variability in the methods used and outcomes measured. Thus, the decision on the most appropriate pharmacological treatment is frequently based on adult studies or empirical data. In children, peppermint oil, trimebutine, and drotaverine have shown significant benefit compared with placebo, each of them in a single randomized clinical trial. A small study found that cyproheptadine was beneficial in the treatment of FAPDs in children. There are conflicting data regarding amitriptyline. While one small study found a significant benefit in quality of life compared with placebo, a large multicenter study found no benefit compared with placebo. The antidepressant, citalopram, failed to meet the primary outcomes in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. Rifaximin has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of adults with IBS. Those findings differ from studies in children where no benefit was found compared to placebo. To date, there are no placebo-controlled trials published on the use of linaclotide or lubiprostone in children. Alpha 2 delta ligands such as gabapentin and pregabalin are sometimes used in the care of this group of children, but no clinical trials are available in children with FAPDs. Similarly, novel drugs that have been approved for the care of irritable bowel with diarrhea in adults such as eluxadoline have yet to be studied in children. CONCLUSIONS Little data support the use of most medications commonly used to treat FAPDs in children. More randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in the treatment of FAPDs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Saps
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Adrian Miranda
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD), a new amide derivative of valproic acid for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Pharmacol Res 2016; 117:129-139. [PMID: 27890817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a multifactorial disease comprised of both inflammatory and neuropathic components that affect ∼20% of the world's population. sec-Butylpropylacetamide (SPD) is a novel amide analogue of valproic acid (VPA) previously shown to possess a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity. In this study, we defined the pharmacokinetic parameters of SPD in rat and mouse, and then evaluated its antinociceptive potential in neuropathic and acute inflammatory pain models. In the sciatic nerve ligation (SNL) model of neuropathic pain, SPD was equipotent to gabapentin and more potent than its parent compound VPA. SPD also showed either higher or equal potency to VPA in the formalin, carrageenan, and writhing tests of inflammatory pain. SPD showed no effects on compound action potential properties in a sciatic nerve preparation, suggesting that its mechanism of action is distinct from local anesthetics and membrane stabilizing drugs. SPD's activity in both neuropathic and inflammatory pain warrants its development as a potential broad-spectrum anti-nociceptive drug.
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Tomic´ MA, Pecikoza UB, Micov AM, Stepanovic´-Petrovic´ RM. The Efficacy of Eslicarbazepine Acetate in Models of Trigeminal, Neuropathic, and Visceral Pain. Anesth Analg 2015; 121:1632-9. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Xie F, Li X, Bao M, Yang N, Shi R, Wang Z, Wu A, Guan Y, Yue Y. Upregulation of α₂δ-1 Calcium Channel Subunit in the Spinal Cord Contributes to Pelvic Organ Cross-Sensitization in a Rat Model of Experimentally-Induced Endometriosis. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1267-73. [PMID: 25935199 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic organ cross-sensitization, also termed as viscero-visceral referred hyperalgesia, is a major contributor to painful endometriosis. Its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Clinical and basic studies have shown that gabapentin, a drug that binds to the α2δ-1 subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels (Cavα2δ-1), is effective in treating chronic visceral pain. Accordingly, we hypothesized that pelvic organ cross-sensitization in painful endometriosis is mediated by an upregulation of Cavα2δ-1 in the spinal cord. We examined if the dysregulation of spinal Cavα2δ-1 subunit may play an important role in the development of ectopic growths-to-colon cross-sensitization in a rat model of experimentally-induced endometriosis. Our findings suggest that there was an increased Cavα2δ-1 expression in the dorsal horn and an ectopic growths-to-colon cross-sensitization in female rats with established endometriosis. Intrathecal administration of gabapentin (300 μg) remarkably reduced the ectopic growths-to-colon cross-sensitization in rats with established endometriosis. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of Cavα2δ-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides reversed the ectopic growths-to-colon cross-sensitization and also normalized the upregulation of spinal Cavα2δ-1 expression in endometriosis rats. The current study suggests that the upregulation of Cavα2δ-1 in the spinal cord may contribute to pelvic organ cross-sensitization in painful endometriosis. Our study may provide a biological basis for selectively targeting this pathway to relieve viscero-visceral referred hyperalgesia in patients with painful endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China,
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Naghizadeh B, Mansouri MT, Ghorbanzadeh B. Ellagic acid enhances the antinociceptive action of carbamazepine in the acetic acid writhing test with mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:157-61. [PMID: 25898222 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1025288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects through the central and peripheral sites of action. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to examine the functional interaction between ellagic acid and carbamazepine (CBZ) on pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen groups of mice (8-10 each) were used in this study. Pain was induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid in mice (writhing test) and the functional interaction was analyzed using the isobolographic method. EA at doses 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg and carbamazepine at doses 3, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, alone and also in combination (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 of the drug's ED50) were intraperitoneally administered 30 min before acetic acid (0.6% v/v). Then, the abdominal writhes were counted during a 25-min period. RESULTS EA (0.3-10 mg/kg, i.p.) and CBZ (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the writhing response evoked by acetic acid. Fifty percent effective dose (ED50) values against this tonic pain were 1.02 mg/kg and 6.40 mg/kg for EA and CBZ, respectively. The antinociception induced by EA showed higher potency than that of carbamazepine. Co-administration of increasing fractional increments of ED50 values of EA and CBZ produced additive interaction against writhing responses, as revealed by isobolographic analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that a combination of carbamazepine and ellagic acid may be a new strategy for the management of neuropathic pain such as what occurs in trigeminal neuralgia, since the use of carbamazepine is often limited by its adverse effects and by reduction of its analgesic effect through microsomal enzyme induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Naghizadeh
- a Department of Pharmacology , Medical School, Pain and Physiology Research Centers, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- b Department of Pharmacology , Medical School, Physiology and Atherosclerosis Research Centers, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran , and
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- c Department of Pharmacology , Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Zúñiga-Romero A, Ponce-Chávez MK, Gauthereau-Torres MY, Ortega-Varela LF. Combination of diacerhein and antiepileptic drugs after local peripheral, and oral administration in the rat formalin test. Drug Dev Res 2014; 75:510-20. [PMID: 25418935 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research The present study was designed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive interaction between diacerhein and some antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, topiramate and gabapentin) on formalin-induced nociception. Diacerhein, each of the antiepileptics or a fixed dose-ratio combination of these drugs was assessed after local peripheral and oral administration in rats. lsobolographic analyses were used to define the interaction between drugs. Diacerhein, antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, topiramate and gabapentin) or their combinations yielded a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect when administered by both routes. Theoretical ED30 values for the combination estimated from the isobolograms were obtained as follows: diacerhein-carbamazepine (85.99 ± 7.07 μg/paw; 56.53 ± 4.56 mg/kg po), diacerhein-topiramate (197.97 ± 22.90 μg/paw; 13.06 ± 2.44 mg/kg po) and diacerhein-gabapentin (96.87 ± 17.73 μg/paw; 17.90 ± 4.70 mg/kg p.o.) for the local peripheral and oral administration routes, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the experimentally obtained ED30 values: diacerhein-carbamazepine (49.33 ± 3.37 μg/paw; 35.49 ± 7.91 mg/kg po), diacerhein-topiramate (133.00 ± 39.10 μg/paw; 8.87 ± 1.46 mg/kg po) and diacerhein-gabapentin (70.98 ± 14.73 μg/paw; 10.95 ± 3.23 mg/kg po). The combinations produced their antinociceptive effects without motor impairment in the rotarod test indicating synergistic interactions with a good side effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Zúñiga-Romero
- Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58240, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Abstract
The perception of pain in children is easily influenced by environmental factors and psychological comorbidities that are known to play an important role in its origin and response to therapy. Chronic abdominal pain is one of the most commonly treated conditions in modern pediatric gastroenterology and is the hallmark of 'functional' disorders that include irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and functional abdominal pain. The development of pharmacological therapies for these disorders in adults and children has been limited by the lack of understanding of the putative, pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie them. Peripheral and central pain-signaling mechanisms are known to be involved in chronic pain originating from the gastrointestinal tract, but few therapies have been developed to target specific pathways or enhance correction of the underlying pathophysiology. The responses to therapy have been variable, potentially reflecting the heterogeneity of the disorders for which they are used. Only a few small, randomized clinical trials have evaluated the benefit of pain medications for chronic abdominal pain in children and thus, the decision on the most appropriate treatment is often based on adult studies and empirical data. This review discusses the most common, non-narcotic pharmacological treatments for chronic abdominal pain in children and includes a thorough review of the literature to support or refute their use. Because of the dearth of pediatric studies, the focus is on pharmacological and alternative therapies where there is sufficient evidence of benefit in either adults or children with chronic abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Miranda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA,
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Antihyperalgesic/Antinociceptive Effects of Ceftriaxone and Its Synergistic Interactions with Different Analgesics in Inflammatory Pain in Rodents. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:737-50. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000435833.33515.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
The β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone stimulates glutamate transporter GLT-1 expression and is effective in neuropathic and visceral pain models. This study examined the effects of ceftriaxone and its interactions with different analgesics (ibuprofen, celecoxib, paracetamol, and levetiracetam) in somatic and visceral pain models in rodents.
Methods:
The effects of ceftriaxone (intraperitoneally/intraplantarly), analgesics (orally), and their combinations were examined in the carrageenan-induced paw inflammatory hyperalgesia model in rats (n = 6–12) and in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice (n = 6–10). The type of interaction between ceftriaxone and analgesics was determined by isobolographic analysis.
Results:
Pretreatment with intraperitoneally administered ceftriaxone (10–200 mg/kg per day) for 7 days produced a significant dose-dependent antihyperalgesia in the somatic inflammatory model. Acute administration of ceftriaxone, via either intraperitoneal (10–200 mg/kg) or intraplantar (0.05–0.2 mg per paw) routes, produced a significant and dose-dependent but less efficacious antihyperalgesia. In the visceral pain model, significant dose-dependent antinociception of ceftriaxone (25–200 mg/kg per day) was observed only after the 7-day pretreatment. Isobolographic analysis in the inflammatory hyperalgesia model revealed approximately 10-fold reduction of doses of both drugs in all examined combinations. In the visceral nociception model, more than 7- and 17-fold reduction of doses of both drugs was observed in combinations of ceftriaxone with ibuprofen/paracetamol and celecoxib/levetiracetam, respectively.
Conclusions:
Ceftriaxone exerts antihyperalgesia/antinociception in both somatic and visceral inflammatory pain. Its efficacy is higher after a 7-day pretreatment than after acute administration. The two-drug combinations of ceftriaxone and the nonsteroidal analgesics/levetiracetam have synergistic interactions in both pain models. These results suggest that ceftriaxone, particularly in combinations with ibuprofen, celecoxib, paracetamol, or levetiracetam, may provide useful approach to the clinical treatment of inflammation-related pain.
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Assessment of the antinociceptive effects of pregabalin alone or in combination with morphine during acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Synergistic effect of the L-tryptophan and kynurenic acid with dipyrone or paracetamol in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:148-56. [PMID: 23872152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our great interest in this work was study the synergism between l-tryptophan and dipyrone or paracetamol as well as the interaction of kynurenic acid (l-tryptophan metabolite) and these analgesics agents utilizing a robust methodology. METHODS We performed the writhing test induced by acetic acid in mice to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the treatments isolated and combined (p.o. and i.p.). Dose-response curves were constructed and the values of ED50 for treatment alone and combined were statistically compared. In addition, isobolographic analysis was performed and the experimental values were compared with the theoretical values for simple additive effect. RESULTS The combined treatment with l-tryptophan and dipyrone or paracetamol reduced significantly the ED50 of these analgesics when compared to the isolated treatments. l-tryptophan alone has no antinociceptive effect. l-Tryptophan increases the central amount of 5-HT and the synergism with dipyrone is antagonized by the 5-HT depletion. The kyna has an antinociceptive dose-related effect and a synergistic interaction with dipyrone and paracetamol verified by isobolographic analyses and confirmed by experimental values of ED50 of combined treatments were statistically lower than theoretical calculated values for simple additive effect. Melatonin antagonist receptor attenuates the antinociceptive synergism between l-tryptophan and dipyrone. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the increased 5-HT amount on the central nervous system is not per se capable to induce antinociception. The l-tryptophan interacts synergistically with dipyrone and paracetamol both orally and by i.p. route. This effect is dependent on the biotransformation of l-tryptophan to 5-HT and involves kynurenic acid and melatonin receptors.
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Cho H, Jang Y, Lee B, Chun H, Jung J, Kim SM, Hwang SW, Oh U. Voluntary movements as a possible non-reflexive pain assay. Mol Pain 2013; 9:25. [PMID: 23688027 PMCID: PMC3716716 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The quantification of pain intensity in vivo is essential for identifying the mechanisms of various types of pain or for evaluating the effects of different analgesics. A variety of behavioral tests for pain measurement have been devised, but many are limited because animals are physically restricted, which affects pain sensation. In this study, pain assessment was attempted with minimal physical restriction, and voluntary movements of unrestrained animals were used to evaluate the intensities of various types of pain. Results The number of times animals reared or total distances traveled was measured using a motion-tracking device and found to be markedly reduced in carrageenan-induced inflammatory, acetic acid-induced visceral, and streptozotocin-induced neuropathic pain tests. These two voluntary movement parameters were found to be highly correlated with paw withdrawal latency from irradiating heat. In addition, these parameters were markedly reversed by morphine and by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in inflammatory pain models. These parameters were also useful to detect hypoalgesia in TRPV1-/- mice. Conclusions These results suggest that parameters of voluntary movement, such as, number of rearing and total distance moved, are effective indicators of pain intensity for many types of pain and that they can be used to evaluate degree of pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawon Cho
- Sensory Research Center, CRI, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Relative potency of pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine in a mouse model of visceral pain. Can J Anaesth 2012; 60:44-9. [PMID: 23132044 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-012-9813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pregabalin is probably more effective than prototype gabapentin in different kinds of pain treatments. This study was performed to compare the potency of gabapentin, pregabalin, and morphine in a well-established model of visceral pain. METHODS The number of abdominal contractions was counted for 30 min in adult male mice that received different doses of pregabalin, gabapentin, morphine, or placebo intraperitoneally 30 min before receiving 0.6% acetic acid 10 mL·kg(-1).The antinociceptive effect of each drug dose was determined as a percentage of the reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced writhes. The effective doses, for 20%, 50%, and 80% response (ED(20), ED(50), and ED(80), respectively), of each drug were calculated using least squares linear regression analysis, and then dose-response curves were compared. RESULTS Pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine produced a linear dose-dependent antinociceptive effect (coefficient of determination [r(2)] > 0.9). No difference was observed between slopes of dose-response curves. The ED(50) estimates (95% confidence interval) for pregabalin, gabapentin, and morphine were 17.1 (12.9 to 22.1) mg·kg(-1), 87.1 (45.8 to 129.8) mg·kg(-1), and 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) mg·kg(-1), respectively. CONCLUSION In this animal model of visceral pain, all three drugs exhibited parallel dose-response curves. Pregabalin had five times the potency of gabapentin and 1/85(th) the potency of morphine. Similar potency ratios may apply in clinical practice. Despite some limitations of animal studies, this model could be useful for comparing new analgesics in visceral pain treatment.
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Neelakantan H, Walker EA. Temperature-dependent enhancement of the antinociceptive effects of opioids in combination with gabapentin in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 686:55-9. [PMID: 22575516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prescription opioids and anticonvulsants such as gabapentin are often used as combination therapeutics for chronic as well as acute post-operative pain conditions although the effectiveness of such combinations may be dependent on the intensity of the pain state. To test the capacity of gabapentin to enhance opioid effectiveness in the presence of different thermal stimulus intensities, morphine, oxycodone and gabapentin were examined alone and in combination for antinociception in Swiss-Webster male mice using a hot-plate set to one of three temperature intensities (48.5°C, 50.5°C, 52.5°C). Morphine and oxycodone produced significant dose- and stimulus intensity-dependent antinociception whereas gabapentin produced only modest antinociception. However, in combination, gabapentin enhanced the effectiveness of sub-antinociceptive doses of morphine and oxycodone and the gabapentin and oxycodone combinations were both dose- and temperature intensity-dependent. These results provide evidence that the effectiveness and magnitude of the interactions between gabapentin and opioids are dependent on the intensity of the pain stimulus in acute thermal pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Neelakantan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Davis MP. Drug management of visceral pain: concepts from basic research. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:265605. [PMID: 22619712 PMCID: PMC3348642 DOI: 10.1155/2012/265605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Visceral pain is experienced by 40% of the population, and 28% of cancer patients suffer from pain arising from intra- abdominal metastasis or from treatment. Neuroanatomy of visceral nociception and neurotransmitters, receptors, and ion channels that modulate visceral pain are qualitatively or quantitatively different from those that modulate somatic and neuropathic pain. Visceral pain should be recognized as distinct pain phenotype. TRPV1, Na 1.8, and ASIC3 ion channels and peripheral kappa opioid receptors are important mediators of visceral pain. Mu agonists, gabapentinoids, and GABAB agonists reduce pain by binding to central receptors and channels. Combinations of analgesics and adjuvants in animal models have supra-additive antinociception and should be considered in clinical trials. This paper will discuss the neuroanatomy, receptors, ion channels, and neurotransmitters important to visceral pain and provide a basic science rationale for analgesic trials and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P. Davis
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Solid Tumor Division, Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Taussig Cancer Institute, USA
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Paranos SL, Tomić MA, Micov AM, Stepanović-Petrović RM. The mechanisms of antihyperalgesic effect of topiramate in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:319-28. [PMID: 22136176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that topiramate, a structurally novel anticonvulsant, exerts antinociceptive activity in animal models of neuropathic, acute somatic, and visceral pain. This study was aimed to examine: (i) the effects of systemically and locally peripherally administered topiramate in the rat inflammatory pain model and (ii) the potential role and site(s) of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), opioid, and adrenergic receptors in topiramate's antihyperalgesia. Rats received intraplantar (i.pl.) injections of the pro-inflammatory compound carrageenan. A paw pressure test was used to determine: (i) the effect of systemic and local peripheral topiramate on carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and (ii) the effects of systemic and local peripheral bicuculline (selective GABAA receptor antagonist), naloxone (nonselective opioid receptor antagonist), and yohimbine (selective α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) on topiramate-induced antihyperalgesia. Systemic topiramate (40-160 mg/kg; p.o.) produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in the paw inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. The antihyperalgesic effect of systemic topiramate was significantly decreased by systemic bicuculline (0.5-1 mg/kg; i.p.), naloxone (2-5 mg/kg; i.p.), and yohimbine (1-3 mg/kg; i.p.). Local peripheral topiramate (0.03-0.34 mg/paw; i.pl.) also produced significant dose-dependent antihyperalgesia, which was significantly depressed by local peripheral yohimbine (0.05-0.2 mg/paw; i.pl.) but not by local peripheral bicuculline (0.15 mg/paw; i.pl.) or naloxone (0.1 mg/paw; i.pl.). The results suggest that topiramate produces systemic and local peripheral antihyperalgesia in an inflammatory pain model, which is, at least partially, mediated by central GABAA and opioid receptors and by peripheral and most probably central α2-adrenergic receptors. These findings contribute to better understanding of topiramate's action in pain states involving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lj Paranos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, PO Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Bi Y, Chen H, Su J, Cao X, Bian X, Wang K. Visceral hyperalgesia induced by forebrain-specific suppression of native Kv7/KCNQ/M-current in mice. Mol Pain 2011; 7:84. [PMID: 22029713 PMCID: PMC3214183 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of brain-gut interaction is thought to underlie visceral hypersensitivity which causes unexplained abdominal pain syndromes. However, the mechanism by which alteration of brain function in the brain-gut axis influences the perception of visceral pain remains largely elusive. In this study we investigated whether altered brain activity can generate visceral hyperalgesia. RESULTS Using a forebrain specific αCaMKII promoter, we established a line of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a dominant-negative pore mutant of the Kv7.2/KCNQ2 channel which suppresses native KCNQ/M-current and enhances forebrain neuronal excitability. Brain slice recording of hippocampal pyramidal neurons from these Tg mice confirmed the presence of hyperexcitable properties with increased firing. Behavioral evaluation of Tg mice exhibited increased sensitivity to visceral pain induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of either acetic acid or magnesium sulfate, and intracolon capsaicin stimulation, but not cutaneous sensation for thermal or inflammatory pain. Immunohistological staining showed increased c-Fos expression in the somatosensory SII cortex and insular cortex of Tg mice that were injected intraperitoneally with acetic acid. To mimic the effect of cortical hyperexcitability on visceral hyperalgesia, we injected KCNQ/M channel blocker XE991 into the lateral ventricle of wild type (WT) mice. Intracerebroventricular injection of XE991 resulted in increased writhes of WT mice induced by acetic acid, and this effect was reversed by co-injection of the channel opener retigabine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that forebrain hyperexcitability confers visceral hyperalgesia, and suppression of central hyperexcitability by activation of KCNQ/M-channel function may provide a therapeutic potential for treatment of abdominal pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Bi
- Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Rocha NFM, Rios ERV, Carvalho AMR, Cerqueira GS, Lopes ADA, Leal LKAM, Dias ML, de Sousa DP, de Sousa FCF. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of (-)-α-bisabolol in rodents. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 384:525-33. [PMID: 21870032 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
(-)-α-Bisabolol is an unsaturated, optically active sesquiterpene alcohol obtained by the direct distillation of essential oil from plants such as Vanillosmopsis erythropappa and Matricaria chamomilla. (-)-α-Bisabolol has generated considerable economic interest, as it possesses a delicate floral odour and has been shown to have antiseptic and gastroprotective activities. In this study, (-)-α-bisabolol was tested in standardised rodent models by gavage administration at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in the models of inflammation and 25 and 50 mg/kg in the models of nociception. In the inflammatory models of paw oedema induced by carrageenan and dextran, the mice treated with (-)-α-bisabolol showed smaller oedemas compared to animals treated only with the vehicle. (-)-α-Bisabolol was capable of reducing paw oedemas induced by 5-HT but not oedemas induced by histamine. (-)-α-Bisabolol demonstrated anti-nociceptive activity in the models of visceral nociception induced by acetic acid and in the second phase of the nociception test induced by the intraplantar administration of formalin. (-)-α-Bisabolol did not have any effect in a thermal nociception model using a hot plate but was able to diminish mechanical inflammatory hypernociception evoked by carrageenan. These findings suggest that the anti-nociceptive action of (-)-α-bisabolol is not linked to a central mechanism but instead is related to the inflammatory process. (-)-α-Bisabolol was able to decrease leukocyte migration, protein extravasations and the amount of TNF-α to the peritoneal cavity in response to carrageenan. Additionally, (-)-α-bisabolol reduced neutrophil degranulation in response to phorbol-myristate-acetate. We demonstrate, for the first time, the peripheral anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of (-)-α-bisabolol.
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Gale JD, Houghton LA. Alpha 2 Delta (α(2)δ) Ligands, Gabapentin and Pregabalin: What is the Evidence for Potential Use of These Ligands in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:28. [PMID: 21713059 PMCID: PMC3114047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habit, and often associates with other gastrointestinal symptoms such as feelings of incomplete bowel movement and abdominal bloating, and extra-intestinal symptoms such as headache, dyspareunia, heartburn, muscle pain, and back pain. It also frequently coexists with conditions that may also involve central sensitization processes, such as fibromyalgia, irritable bladder disorder, and chronic cough. This review examines the evidence to date on gabapentin and pregabalin which may support further and continued research and development of the α2δ ligands in disorders characterized by visceral hypersensitivity, such as IBS. The distribution of the α2δ subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel, possible mechanisms of action, pre-clinical data which supports an effect on motor–sensory mechanisms and clinical evidence that points to potential benefits in patients with IBS will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Gale
- Clinical Research, Pfizer Global Research and Development Sandwich, UK
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O' Mahony SM, Coelho AM, Fitzgerald P, Lee K, Winchester W, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The effects of gabapentin in two animal models of co-morbid anxiety and visceral hypersensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:169-74. [PMID: 21645509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity and an increased response to stress are two of the main symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Thus efforts to develop animal models of irritable bowel syndrome have centred on both of these parameters. The anticonvulsant gabapentin, which is widely used as an analgesic agent, also reduces anxiety. No data exists to our knowledge of the effects of gabapentin in animal models of co-morbid exaggerated stress response and visceral pain. Our aim was to assess the effect of gabapentin on stress and visceral hypersensitivity in two different animal models of irritable bowel syndrome. The animal models employed were the genetically susceptible Wistar Kyoto rat and the neonatally stressed maternal separation model. These animals were subjected to the open field paradigm to assess stress-induced defecation rates and colorectal distension to assess the level of visceral sensitivity. Gabapentin (30 mg/kg) prevented the stress-induced increase in faecal pellet output in the maternally separated rat, but not the Wistar Kyoto animals. On the other hand gabapentin (30 mg/kg) reduced the number of pain behaviours in response to colorectal distension in both models. These results show that whilst both models have similar responses to gabapentin in terms of visceral pain they differ in terms of their physiological response to stress. This indicates that the origin of anxiety and perhaps then visceral hypersensitivity differs in these models. Overall, these data suggest that gabapentin may be a useful treatment in disorders of co-morbid pain and an overactive stress system such as irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhain M O' Mahony
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Ravelo Y, Molina V, Carbajal D, Fernández L, Fernández JC, Arruzazabala ML, Más R. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of D-002 (beeswax alcohols). J Nat Med 2011; 65:330-5. [PMID: 21258868 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
D-002, a mixture of six higher aliphatic alcohols purified from beeswax, displayed anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan-induced pleurisy and cotton pellet granuloma in rats. The aim of the present study was to confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of D-002 and to explore its potential analgesic effects. Xylene-induced mouse ear oedema was used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect, acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate responses for the analgesic activity, and the open field and horizontal rotarod tests for motor performance. For anti-inflammatory tests, mice were randomised into a negative vehicle control and five xylene-treated groups: the vehicle, D-002 (25, 50 and 200 mg/kg) and indomethacin 1 mg/kg (reference drug). Treatments were given for 15 days. Effects on oedema formation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were tested. For analgesia and motor performance tests, mice were randomised into a vehicle control and D-002-treated groups (25, 50 and 200 mg/kg). Two sets of experiments were done, which included acute and repeat (15 days) dosing. D-002 (25, 50 and 200 mg/kg) significantly decreased xylene-induced ear oedema (44.7, 60.8 and 76.4%, respectively) and the increase of MPO activity induced by xylene (38.0, 47.0 and 57.0%, respectively), while indomethacin significantly inhibited xylene-induced oedema (59.9%) and MPO activity (57.5%). Single and repeat doses of D-002 (25, 50 and 200 mg/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing responses by 21.2, 28.2 and 40.1%, for the single doses; 25.2, 35.1 and 43.2%, respectively, for the repeat doses, but did not affect the hot plate, open field and rotarod behaviours. Aspirin 100 mg/kg significantly decreased acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions and morphine (5 mg/kg) significantly increased the latency of the hot plate response. This study confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of D-002 and demonstrated its analgesic effects on the acetic acid-induced writhing, but not on the hot plate response, which suggests that the antinociceptive effects of D-002 could be related to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Ravelo
- Pharmacology Department, Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, 198 Ave Between 19 and 21 sts., Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
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Stepanović-Petrović RM, Tomić MA, Vučković SM, Poznanović G, Ugrešić ND, Prostran MŠ, Bošković B. Pharmacological interaction between oxcarbazepine and two COX inhibitors in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 97:611-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liao XZ, Zhou MT, Mao YF, Xu H, Chen H, Sun JH, Xiong YC. Analgesic effects of gabapentin on mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis. Brain Res 2010; 1337:104-12. [PMID: 20417627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant, is widely accepted as an alternative therapeutic agent for neuropathic pain and has proved to produce analgesic effects in a mouse model of visceral pain. However, it is unknown whether gabapentin is also analgesically effective in chronic pancreatitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of gabapentin in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis induced by dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) produced a marked increase in mechanical sensitivity of the abdomen after the establishment of the model. During the first day to the sixth day in the fourth week, Gabapentin was administered intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 100mg/kg. The behavioral test began 1h after drug administration. The analgesic effect of gabapentin was not evident with a single injection, but gabapentin significantly reduced the responsive frequencies to mechanical stimulation in rats with chronic pancreatitis from the third day to the end of the experiment. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the expression of alpha(2)delta-1 calcium channel subunit was examined in the thoracic spinal cord (T8-11). There was no significant change in alpha(2)delta-1 level of T8-11 following the first injection. But after the sixth injection, the alpha(2)delta-1 level of T8-11 in rats with chronic pancreatitis was declined. Taken together, the present study suggested that repeated administration of gabapentin daily could reduce mechanical hypersensitivity in the upper abdomen and produce an analgesic effect in a rat model of chronic pancreatitis. The down-regulation of alpha(2)delta-1 calcium channel subunit might be one of the mechanisms underlying the analgesic effect of gabapentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-zhi Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Pharmaco-EEG-based assessment of the interaction between ethanol and oxcarbazepine. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:278-86. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lopes LS, Pereira SS, Silva LL, Figueiredo KA, Moura BA, Almeida FRC, Sousa FCF. Antinociceptive effect of topiramate in models of acute pain and diabetic neuropathy in rodents. Life Sci 2008; 84:105-10. [PMID: 19056404 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses the antinociceptive effect induced by different dosages of topiramate (TP), an anticonvulsant drug that is orally administered in models of neuropathic pain and acute pain in rats and mice, respectively. Orally administered TP (80 mg/Kg) in mice causes antinociception in the first and second phases of a formalin test, while in doses of 20 and 40 mg/Kg it was only effective in the second phase. TP (80 mg/Kg, p.o) also exhibited antinociceptive action in the hot plate test, however, it did not have an effect in the capsaicin test in mice, nor in the model of neuropathic pain in diabetic rats. The antinociceptive effect caused by TP (80 mg/Kg, p.o) in the formalin test was reversed by prior treatment with naloxone (opioid antagonist), but not with glibenclamide (antagonist of the potassium channel), ondansetron (antagonist of the serotonin 5HT3 receptor) or cyproheptadine (antagonist of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor).The data show that TP has an important antinociceptive effect in the models of nociception induced by chemical (formalin) or thermal (hot plate) stimuli, and that the opioid system plays a part in the antinociceptive effect, as shown by formalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lopes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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