1
|
Lew A, Morrison JM, Amankwah EK, Elliott RA, Sochet AA. Volatile anesthetic agents for life-threatening pediatric asthma: A multicenter retrospective cohort study and narrative review. Paediatr Anaesth 2021; 31:1340-1349. [PMID: 34514673 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetic agents are described as rescue therapy for children invasively ventilated for critical asthma. Yet, data are currently limited to case series. AIMS Using the Virtual Pediatric Systems database, we assessed children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit invasively ventilated for life-threatening asthma and hypothesized ventilation duration and mortality rates would be lower for subjects exposed to volatile anesthetics compared with those without exposure. METHODS We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study among nine institutions including children 5-17 years of age invasively ventilated for asthma from 2013 to 2019 with and without exposure to volatile anesthetics. Primary outcomes were ventilation duration and mortality. Secondary outcomes included patient characteristics, length of stay, and anesthetic-related adverse events. A subgroup analysis was performed evaluating children intubated ≥2 days. RESULTS Of 203 children included in study, there were 29 (14.3%) with and 174 (85.7%) without exposure to volatiles. No differences in odds of mortality (1.1, 95% CI: 0.3-3.9, p > .999) were observed. Subjects receiving volatiles experienced greater median difference in length of stay (4.8, 95% CI: 1.9-7.8 days, p < .001), ventilation duration (2.3, 95% CI: 1-3.3 days, p < .001), and odds of extracorporeal life support (9.1, 95% CI: 1.9-43.2, p = .009) than those without volatile exposure. For those ventilated ≥2 days, no differences were detected in mortality, ventilation duration, length of stay, arrhythmias, or acute renal failure. However, the odds of extracorporeal life support remained greater for those receiving volatiles (7.6, 95% CI: 1.3-44.5, p = .027). No children experienced malignant hyperthermia or hepatic failure after volatile exposure. CONCLUSIONS For intubated children for asthma, no differences in mechanical ventilation duration or mortality between those with and without volatile anesthetic exposure were observed. Although volatiles may represent a viable rescue therapy for severe cases of asthma, definitive, and prospective trials are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John M Morrison
- Departmnet of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Ernest K Amankwah
- Departmnet of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Richard A Elliott
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Anthony A Sochet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bigiarelli K, Schepers LE, Soepriatna AH, FitzMiller D, Goergen CJ. Use of an Integrated Low-Flow Anesthetic Vaporizer, Ventilator, and Physiological Monitoring System for Rodents. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32716388 DOI: 10.3791/61311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-flow digital vaporizers commonly utilize a syringe pump to directly administer volatile anesthetics into a stream of carrier gas. Per animal welfare recommendations, animals are warmed and monitored during procedures requiring anesthesia. Common anesthesia and physiological monitoring equipment include gas tanks, anesthetic vaporizers and stands, warming controllers and pads, mechanical ventilators, and pulse oximeters. A computer is also necessary for data collection and to run equipment software. In smaller spaces or when performing field work, it can be challenging to configure all this equipment in limited space. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate best practices for use of a low-flow digital vaporizer using both compressed oxygen and room air, along with an integrated mechanical ventilator, pulse oximeter, and far infrared warming as an all-inclusive anesthesia and physiological monitoring suite ideal for rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dave FitzMiller
- Marketing Research and Development, Kent Scientific Corporation
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kundra P, Goswami S, Parameswari A. Advances in vaporisation: A narrative review. Indian J Anaesth 2020; 64:171-180. [PMID: 32346162 PMCID: PMC7179779 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_850_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The output of inhalational agents from modern vaporisers are both electronically and pneumatically controlled. They are designed to deliver set agent concentrations accurately with low fresh gas flows and possess enhanced safety features. The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of three modern vaporisers, namely, the Aladin cassette vaporiser, injection vaporisers and AnaConDa™. The Aladin cassette is integrated with Datex Ohmeda S/5 ADU and GE Aisys anaesthesia machines. The electronic vapour control unit is incorporated within the anaesthesia machine. The agent specific cassettes act as a detachable vaporising chamber. The system can work as a variable bypass and measured flow vaporiser but requires a power supply to function. Injection vaporisers can achieve the set end-tidal agent concentration very rapidly with even metabolic flow rates. Hence, anaesthetic depth can be rapidly altered with minimal wastage and theatre pollution. The two types of injection vaporisers, namely, Maquet and DIVA™ are customised to function with Maquet FLOW-i and the Drager Zeus anaesthesia machine, respectively. AnaConDa™ is a combination of vaporiser and humidity and moisture exchange filter which can be fitted in the ventilatory circuit. It is primarily designed for use in intensive care for sedation and out of operating room use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kundra
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shreya Goswami
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aruna Parameswari
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Adelsperger AR, Bigiarelli-Nogas KJ, Toore I, Goergen CJ. Use of a Low-flow Digital Anesthesia System for Mice and Rats. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27684327 DOI: 10.3791/54436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A traditional vaporizer depends on flowing gas and atmospheric pressure for passive anesthetic vaporization. Newly developed direct injection vaporizers utilize a syringe pump to directly administer volatile anesthetics into a gas stream. Unlike a traditional vaporizer, it can be used at very low flow rates, making it ideal for use on mice and rats. The equipment's capability to use low flow rates could result in a substantial cost savings due to the reduced need for anesthetic agents, compressed gas, and charcoal scavenging filters(1). A lower flow rate means less waste of anesthetic gas and likely reduces the risk of anesthetic exposure to laboratory personnel. Thus, the high levels of precision and safety associated with direct injection vaporizers, along with a reduced need for anesthetic agents, compressed gas, and charcoal filters are beneficial for research requiring small animal anesthesia. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the use of a syringe-driven direct injection vaporizer as part of a digital, low-flow anesthesia system. The direct injection vaporizer is capable of accurately delivering anesthesia at very low flow rates compared to a traditional vaporizer, making it a promising alternative for controlled gas anesthetic delivery to rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Toore
- Pre-Clinical Research and Development, Kent Scientific Corporation
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Badenes R, Belltall A, Chisbert V, De Fez M, Lozano A, Valls P, Fuentes I, Gracia E, Bilotta F. Inhalatory sedation in postoperative neurovascular surgery patients. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4797774 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
6
|
Carrié S, Anderson TA. Volatile anesthetics for status asthmaticus in pediatric patients: a comprehensive review and case series. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25:460-7. [PMID: 25580870 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Status asthmaticus is an acute, intractable asthma attack refractory to standard interventions that can lead to progressive respiratory failure. Successful management requires a fundamental understanding of the disease process, its clinical presentation, and proper evaluation. Treatment must be instituted early and is aimed at reversing the airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and hyper-reactivity that often lead to lower airway obstruction, impaired ventilation, and oxygenation. Most patients are effectively treated with standard therapy including beta2-adrenergic agonists and corticosteroids. Others necessitate adjunctive therapies and escalation to noninvasive ventilation or intubation. We will review the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment options for pediatric patients presenting with status asthmaticus with a particular focus on refractory status asthmaticus treated with volatile anesthetics. In addition, we include a proven approach to the management of these patients in the critical care setting, which requires close coordination between critical care and anesthesia providers. We present a case series of three patients, two of which have the longest reported cases of continuous isoflurane use in status asthmaticus. This series was obtained from a retrospective chart review and highlights the efficacy of the volatile anesthetic, isoflurane, in three pediatric patients with refractory life-threatening status asthmaticus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Carrié
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; McGill University Health Center, Department of Anesthesia, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gallego L, Soro M, Alvariño A, Noguera I, Belda FJ. Renal and hepatic integrity in long-term sevoflurane sedation using the anesthetic conserving device: a comparison with intravenous propofol sedation in an animal model. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2015; 62:191-203. [PMID: 25146774 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Critically ill patients are sedated with intravenous agents because the use of inhaled agents is limited by their potential risk of toxicity. Increasing levels of inorganic fluorides after the metabolism of these agents have been considered potentially nephrotoxic. However, hepatic involvement after prolonged administration of sevoflurane has not yet been studied. The present study evaluated the potential renal and hepatic toxicity caused by prolonged administration (72h) of sevoflurane. METHODS For this experimental, prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 22 Landrace x Large-White female pigs were randomly assigned to two groups: intravenous propofol (P) or inhaled sevoflurane via the AnaConDa™ device (S, end-tidal 2.5 vol%). The P group remained sedated for 108h with propofol. In the S group, sevoflurane was administered for 72h and then changed to propofol for the remaining 36h in order to observe the kinetics of fluoride after discontinuation of sevoflurane. Serum creatinine was the primary outcome variable, but inorganic fluoride concentrations and other renal, hepatic, and cardiorespiratory variables were also measured. RESULTS Both groups of animals were comparable at baseline. No differences were found between the two groups for plasma creatinine and urea or creatinine clearance throughout the study. Fluoride levels were significantly higher in the sevoflurane group. No correlation was found between inorganic fluoride and serum creatinine values. No significant differences were observed for hepatic function. Hemodynamic, respiratory, and blood gas variables were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Long-term sedation with sevoflurane using AnaConDa™ or propofol does not negatively affect renal or hepatic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gallego
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
| | - M Soro
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
| | - A Alvariño
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España
| | - I Noguera
- Departamnto de Cirugía, Universitat de València, Valencia, España
| | - F J Belda
- Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España; Departamnto de Cirugía, Universitat de València, Valencia, España
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Candia Arana CA, Castillo Monzón CG, Álvarez Gómez JA, Roca González J, Eslava Schmalbach JH. Desempeño predictivo y clínico de un dispositivo target-controlled infusion para sevofluorano en una estación de trabajo convencional: correlación farmacocinética del modelo empleado. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rca.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
9
|
Candia Arana CA, Castillo Monzón CG, Álvarez Gómez JA, González JR, Eslava Schmalbach JH. Predictive and clinical performance of a TCI device for sevoflurane at a conventional workstation: Pharmacokinetic correlation of the model used. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcae.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
10
|
Predictive and clinical performance of a TCI device for sevoflurane at a conventional workstation: Pharmacokinetic correlation of the model used☆. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01819236-201442040-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
11
|
Sédation inhalée en réanimation: que reste-t-il de l’AnaConDa™ ? MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-013-0833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
12
|
Marcos Vidal JM, González de Castro R, Higuera Miguélez E, Soria Gulina C. [Sedation with sevoflurane in a procedure outside the operating theatre using the AnaConDa® device]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2013; 60:117-118. [PMID: 22749305 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2012.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
13
|
Marcos-Vidal JM, González R, García C, Soria C. Out-of-operating room anesthesia: use of the AnaConDa vaporizer with anesthesia. J Clin Anesth 2012; 24:346-7. [PMID: 22608592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|