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Pershern LS, Brenner A, Kulikova A, North CS, Brown ES. A Novel Research Rotation for Residents Based on Serial Group Projects Using Existing Data Sets. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2022:10.1007/s40596-022-01683-4. [PMID: 35879598 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-022-01683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Brenner
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Carol S North
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E Sherwood Brown
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Abdi H, Wang Z, Ham EI, Laeke T, Park KB, Negida A, Bizuneh Y, Tirsit A. Neurosurgery Research Output in Ethiopia: A Scoping Review. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:291-297. [PMID: 35609725 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurosurgery-specific research plays a critical role in improving outcomes in patients with neurosurgical diseases. Despite the high burden of neurosurgical diseases in Ethiopia, little is known about types of neurosurgical research from Ethiopia. The goal of this scoping review is to assess the quantity and types of neurosurgical research published in peer-reviewed journals by authors from Ethiopia. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus were searched for Ethiopian neurosurgery literature published from 2001 to 2021. We selected articles based on the following criteria: articles must 1) discuss topics within neurosurgery and 2) focus on clinical practice and/or public health in Ethiopia. We collected data on research originality, study designs, and clinical versus public health research. The frequencies and percentages of categorical variables were reported. All analyses were conducted using Jamovi software. RESULTS Of the 362 results, 89 neurosurgical research articles were included in the final analysis. Of the 89 articles, case reports/series were most common (28.7%), followed by retrospective cohort (20.7%) and prospective cohort studies (18.4%). There were 8 literature reviews (9.2%) and 1 systematic review and meta-analysis (1.1%). No randomized controlled trial was found. Of all articles, 66 (75.9%) focused on clinical practice, and 21 (23.6%) were related to the public health aspect of neurosurgery. Forty-two articles (48.3%) included authors only from Ethiopia; 37 articles (42.5%) involved collaboration between Ethiopian and authors from another country, and 8 articles (9.2%) did not have Ethiopian authors. CONCLUSIONS Neurosurgery research from Ethiopia is lacking, despite its high disease burden. Case reports/series and cohort studies remain the mainstay, with few systematic reviews and no randomized controlled trial. International collaboration accounts for approximately half of Ethiopian neurosurgery research output. Further research support and infrastructure should be developed to encourage neurosurgery articles from Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodan Abdi
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Edward I Ham
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Tsegazeab Laeke
- Neurosurgery Units, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kee B Park
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed Negida
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yemisirach Bizuneh
- Neurosurgery Units, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abenezer Tirsit
- Neurosurgery Units, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Vogt KM, Citro AT, Adams PS, Metro DG, Sakai T. Early immersion in a dedicated one-month Anesthesiology Professional Practice rotation for Post-Graduate Year-1 interns is associated with an increase in scholarly activity during residency. J Clin Anesth 2022; 76:110566. [PMID: 34695751 PMCID: PMC8904148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Despite the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education scholarly activity requirement, incorporating education on scholarly fundamentals into residency is challenging. We designed and implemented an academic non-clinical rotation for Post Graduate Year-1 (PGY-1) interns and its association with subsequent resident scholarly productivity was determined. We hypothesized that early immersion in such a rotation would be associated with increased scholarly activity during residency. DESIGN Retrospective educational comparative study, of two cohorts of anesthesiology residents in the graduating classes of 2015-2020. SETTING Large anesthesiology residency program at a U.S. academic medical center. INTERVENTION A one-month academic rotation titled Anesthesia Professional Practice for PGY-1 interns has been implemented since 2014. The rotation curriculum broadly covers important topics for scholarly projects and provides introductions to academic faculty and institutional resources. MEASUREMENTS The scholarly products (abstracts, publications, book chapters, research protocols, and grant applications) were quantified using Scholarly Activity Points, a previously described metric that accounts for significance and the resident's contribution. Total Scholarly Activity Points for each resident and number of publications prior to residency were determined for both cohorts. Segmented regression was employed with Scholarly Activity Points as the outcome; participation in the early immersion rotation and prior publications were used as input variables. MAIN RESULTS Resident participation in the early immersion rotation was significantly associated with higher Scholarly Activity Points. The confounding variable of pre-residency publication count was not significantly correlated to this increase. CONCLUSIONS Immersion in a one-month academic program during PGY-1 internship may contribute to increased scholarly productivity during residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Vogt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition
| | - Ally T. Citro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Philip S. Adams
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - David G. Metro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuro Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh,Corresponding author: Tetsuro Sakai, Address: 3459 Fifth Avenue, UPMC Montefiore - Suite 469.4, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Phone: (412)-648-6943,
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Lee YK, Ng CJ, Sim JH, Firdaus A, Foong CC, Hong WH, Sanusi J, Lim AJH, Boey CCM. Barriers to effective research supervision in clinical specialist training: Experience from a medical school in Malaysia. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2021; 16:77-86. [PMID: 34938395 PMCID: PMC8680945 DOI: 10.51866/oa1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A compulsory research component is becoming increasingly common for clinical residents. However, integrating research into a busy clinical training schedule can be challenging. This study aimed to explore barriers to research supervision in specialist training programmes from the perspectives of clinical supervisors and trainees at a Malaysian university hospital. METHODS Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were conducted (December 2016 to July 2017) with clinical supervisors (n=11) and clinical trainees (n=26) utilising a topic guide exploring institutional guidelines, research culture and supervisor-student roles. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify barriers to research supervision. RESULTS Supervisors and trainees from 11 out of 18 departments participated. Both clinical supervisors and trainees struggled to successfully integrate a compulsory research component into residency training. Among the reasons identified included a lack of supervisory access due to the nature of clinical rotations and placements, clashing training priorities (clinical vs research) that discouraged trainees and supervisors from engaging in research, poor research expertise and experience among clinical supervisors hampering high-quality supervision, and a frustrating lack of clear standards between the various parties involved in research guidance and examination. CONCLUSION Both clinical supervisors and trainees struggled to successfully integrate a compulsory research component into residency training. This was not only an issue of resource limitation since questions regarding clinical priorities and unclear research standards emerged. Thus, institutional coordinators need to set clear standards and provide adequate training to make research meaningful and achievable for busy clinical supervisors and trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Kong Lee
- BA, PhD, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - Chirk Jenn Ng
- MBBS, MMed(Family Medicine), PhD Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joong Hiong Sim
- BSc (Hons), LLB (Hons), MEd, PhD Medical Education and Research Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amira Firdaus
- BSc, MA, PhD, Department of Media Studies, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chan Choong Foong
- BScEd, PhD, Medical Education and Research Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Han Hong
- PhD, Medical Education and Research Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Junedah Sanusi
- PhD, International Institute of Public Policy & Management (Inpuma), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Jia Hwa Lim
- MBBS, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Chiong Meng Boey
- MBBS, DCH, MD, PhD, FRCPCH, FRCP, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Laupland KB, Edwards F, Dhanani J. Determinants of research productivity during postgraduate medical education: a structured review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:567. [PMID: 34753470 PMCID: PMC8579624 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although formal participation in research is an integral and often mandatory component of clinical training programs, resulting productivity is highly variable. The objective of this review was to identify determinants of successful research performance among graduate medical education trainees. METHODS A structured review of the published literature was performed by searching PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE from inception through to 7 April, 2021. Articles examining graduate medical education trainee research productivity evidenced by publications in peer-reviewed journals were included. RESULTS Eighty-five articles were included of which most (66; 78%) were reported from the USA or Canada (10; 12%). A wide range of disciplines were represented with the most common being general surgery, internal medicine, orthopedic surgery, and pediatrics. Themes (number of reports) included trainee characteristics (n = 24), project characteristics (n = 8), mentoring/supervision (n = 11), and programmatic aspects (n = 57). Although variable results were observed, research productivity tended to be higher with prior research experience, later years of training, male gender, and pursuit of a postgraduate degree. Few project related aspects of success were identified. Trainee publication was associated with mentors with higher rank, publication productivity, and supportive academic environments. Training programs with organised programs/curricula including protection of time for research were associated with increased productivity as were provision of incentives or rewards but not mandatory requirements. CONCLUSION This review identifies several trainee characteristics, project and mentor aspects, and programmatic aspects associated with increased productivity that may serve as a useful resource for trainees and graduate medical education training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Laupland
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3 Ned Hanlon Building, Butterfield Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia.
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Felicity Edwards
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayesh Dhanani
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Level 3 Ned Hanlon Building, Butterfield Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Hanson NA, Lavallee MB, Thiele RH. Apophenia and anesthesia: how we sometimes change our practice prematurely. Can J Anaesth 2021; 68:1185-1196. [PMID: 33963519 PMCID: PMC8104920 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-021-02005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beings are predisposed to identifying false patterns in statistical noise, a likely survival advantage during our evolutionary development. Moreover, humans seem to prefer "positive" results over "negative" ones. These two cognitive features lay a framework for premature adoption of falsely positive studies. Added to this predisposition is the tendency of journals to "overbid" for exciting or newsworthy manuscripts, incentives in both the academic and publishing industries that value change over truth and scientific rigour, and a growing dependence on complex statistical techniques that some reviewers do not understand. The purpose of this article is to describe the underlying causes of premature adoption and provide recommendations that may improve the quality of published science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Hanson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800710, ville, VA, 22908-0710, USA.
| | - Matthew B Lavallee
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800710, ville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
| | - Robert H Thiele
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800710, ville, VA, 22908-0710, USA
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De Souza E, Anderson TA. Pediatric Perioperative Methadone Dosing Trial: An Illustration of the Challenges in Conducting High-Quality Pediatric Anesthesia Research. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:324-326. [PMID: 34257193 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth De Souza
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Karimov Z, Kazim SF, Schmidt M, Gandhi C, Vanderhooft J, Cole C, Stein A, Al-Mufti F, Bowers C. Rapid exponential increase in neurosurgery departmental scholarly output following an intensive research initiative. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:239-245. [PMID: 33632761 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There has been extensive research into methods of increasing academic departmental scholarly activity (DSA) through targeted interventions. Residency programmes are responsible for ensuring sufficient scholarly opportunities for residents. We sought to discover the outcomes of an intensive research initiative (IRI) on DSA in our department in a short-time interval. IRI was implemented, consisting of multiple interventions, to rapidly produce an increase in DSA through resident/medical student faculty engagement. We compare pre-IRI (8 years) and post-IRI (2 years) research products (RP), defined as the sum of oral presentations and publications, to evaluate the IRI. The study was performed in 2020. The IRI resulted in an exponential increase in DSA with an annual RP increase of 350% from 2017 (3 RP) to 2018 (14 RP), with another 92% from 2018 (14 RP) to 2019 (27 RP). RP/year exponentially increased from 2.1/year to 10.5/year for residents and 0.5/year to 10/year for medical students, resulting in a 400% and 1900% increase in RP/year, respectively. The common methods in literature to increase DSA included instituting protected research time (23.8%) and research curriculum (21.5%). We share our department's increase in DSA over a short 2-year period after implementing our IRI. Our goal in reporting our experience is to provide an example for departments that need to rapidly increase their DSA. By reporting the shortest time interval to achieve exponential DSA growth, we hope this example can support programmes in petitioning hospitals and medical colleges for academic support resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Karimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meic Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Chirag Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jordan Vanderhooft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Chad Cole
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Fawaz Al-Mufti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Christian Bowers
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Mutsaers A, Jia S, Warner A, Nguyen TK, Laba JM, Palma DA. Research Productivity of Canadian Radiation Oncology Residents: A Time-Trend Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:4-12. [PMID: 33704112 PMCID: PMC7816183 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Research productivity is a mandatory component of Canadian radiation oncology (RO) resident training. To our knowledge, Canadian RO resident research publication productivity has not previously been analysed. (2) Methods: We compiled a 12-year database of RO residents in Canadian training programs who completed residency between June 2005 and June 2016. Resident names and dates of training were abstracted from provincial databases and department websites and were used to abstract data from PubMed, including training program, publication year, journal, type of research, topic and authorship position. Residents were divided into four time periods and the linear trend test evaluated publication rates over time. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify authorship predictors. (3) Results: 227 RO residents representing 363 publications were identified. The majority were first-author publications (56%) and original research (77%). Overall, 82% of first-author, and 80% of any-author articles were published in resident year 4 or higher. Mean number of publications for first-author and any-author positions increased significantly over time (p = 0.016 and p = 0.039, respectively). After adjusting for gender and time period, large institutions (> 3 residents per year) trended toward associations with more first-author publications (odds ratio (OR): 2.44; p = 0.066) and more any-author publications (OR: 2.49; p = 0.052). No significant differences were observed by gender. (4) Conclusions: Canadian RO resident publication productivity nearly doubled over a 12-year period. The majority of publications are released in the last 2 years of residency, and larger residency programs may be associated with more publications. These findings serve as a baseline as programs transition to Competency Based Medical Education (CBME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mutsaers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Sangyang Jia
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Andrew Warner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Timothy K. Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Joanna M. Laba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
| | - David A. Palma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (A.M.); (A.W.); (T.K.N.); (J.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +519-685-8500 (ext. 52833)
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Kanmounye US, Tochie JN, Mbonda A, Wafo CK, Daya L, Atem TH, Nyalundja AD, Eyaman DC. Systematic review and bibliometric analysis of African anesthesia and critical care medicine research part I: hierarchy of evidence and scholarly productivity. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:247. [PMID: 32988363 PMCID: PMC7523301 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is an essential component of Anesthesia, and the contributions of researchers and institutions can be appreciated from the analysis of scholarly outputs. Such analyses help identify major contributors and trends in publication. Little is known about the state of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (A.C.C.M.) research in Africa. We aimed to describe African A.C.C.M. research's current landscape by determining its productivity per country and point towards possible ideas for improvement. METHODS The authors searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) from inception to May 4, 2020, for articles on or about A.C.C.M. in Africa. Studies were selected based on their titles and abstracts. Rayyan software was later on used for data management in the review selection process. Then, the full-text of eligible articles were screened. Data were extracted, and the number of articles per physician anesthesia providers and provider density were calculated. Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman's correlation were used, and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 4690 articles, only 886 (18.9%) were included in the analysis. The articles were published between 1946 and 2020 in 278 target journals. 55 (6.2%) articles were published in the South African Journal of Surgery, 51 (5.8%) in Anesthesia and Analgesia, and 46 (5.2%) in Anaesthesia. 291 (32.8%) studies were cross-sectional. 195 (22.0%) first authors were from Nigeria, 118 (13.3%) from South Africa, and 88 (9.9%) from the U.S.A. Malawi (1.67), Togo (1.06), and Sierra Leone (1.00) had the highest number of articles per provider. Whereas Ethiopia (580.00), Nigeria (336.21), and Malawi (333.33) had the highest number of articles per provider density. CONCLUSION We identified the most and least productive African countries in A.C.C.M. research and a low-quality hierarchy of evidence in these publications. Hence, the study's findings may aid in driving the A.C.C.M. research agenda and capacity building in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye
- Department of Research, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus University of Technology, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - Joel Noutakdie Tochie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Human Research Education and Networking, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aimé Mbonda
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Surgery Unit, District Hospital of Batouri, Batouri, Cameroon.,Department of Research, International Student Surgical Network, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cynthia Kévine Wafo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Leonid Daya
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Research, International Student Surgical Network, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Thompson Hope Atem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bel Campus University of Technology, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Arsène Daniel Nyalundja
- Department of Research, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Daniel Cheryl Eyaman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Scholarly Activity Training During Pediatric Residency: How Well Aligned Are Program Directors and Residents? Acad Pediatr 2020; 20:998-1006. [PMID: 32087378 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Training residents to be scholars is endorsed by leading medical education organizations. Our previous research suggests that the scholarly activity (SA) training experience is highly variable across pediatric residency programs, and residents and program directors (PDs) are generally dissatisfied. Understanding how PD and resident views align can help programs better guide resource allocation and improvement efforts. METHODS We conducted cross-sectional surveys of second and third year pediatric residents and PDs at 22 diverse US categorical programs. We compared resident and PD responses to SA training beliefs, barriers, and satisfaction by 2-proportion z tests. We used descriptive statistics to describe resident responses in relation to same-institution PD responses. RESULTS About 464 of 771 residents (60.2%) and 22 PDs (100%) responded. Across programs, PDs more strongly agreed that all residents should participate in SA (59% of PDs [n = 13] versus 27% of residents [n = 127], P = .002). Residents more strongly believed all residents should have protected SA time (91% of residents [n = 424] versus 68% of PDs [n = 15], P = .001). PDs more strongly perceived gaps in other resources as barriers, including lack of funding to conduct or present SA (P < .001, P = .02), lack of statistical support (P = .03), and lack of faculty mentorship (P < .001). Within program concordance was low. CONCLUSIONS Discordance exists between PDs and residents with respect to SA participation and necessary resources, particularly, protected time. Programs must help residents identify when SA can be accomplished. Clearer national guidelines around SA training may also be necessary to reduce discordance and improve perceptions.
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Gender disparities in scientific production: A nationwide assessment among physicians in Peru. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224629. [PMID: 31689313 PMCID: PMC6830753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the presence of a gender gap in the scientific production among Peruvian physicians and analyze either gap is associated with the presence of observable factors or the presence of prejudices against female physicians. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Survey of User Satisfaction in Health 2016, a nationally representative survey that collected information about medical professionals working in health institutions in Peru. The outcome of interest was the number of publications in indexed journals. We estimated the gender gap in scientific production using the Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition method. RESULTS From the 2216 physicians surveyed, 252 reported published at least one article in an indexed journal. From physicians with scientific production, 37.7% were women. The analysis of OB decomposition showed a gap of 2.11 indexed publications, disfavoring female physicians (p<0.01). Likewise, the explained component was 1.36 publications, representing 64.5% of the total gap (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a gender gap in the number of publications in indexed journals among Peruvian physicians. This gap is mainly explained by observable factors, such as the years of medical practice, being an accredited researcher and being a professor.
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Truong HT, Chan JJ, Leong WL, Sultana R, Koh DL, Sng BL. Interest and experience of anaesthesiology residents in doing research during residency training. Indian J Anaesth 2019; 63:42-48. [PMID: 30745612 PMCID: PMC6341890 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_543_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The SingHealth Anaesthesiology Residency Program is a 5-year postgraduate training programme whose curriculum covers clinical and academic training, through research and educational activities. This study aimed to describe the needs of the residents in promoting research participation during residency. Methods: After obtaining ethics committee approval, we conducted an online anonymous survey among all residents in the Residency Program. The questionnaire comprised questions of demographic data, levels of research interest, areas of interest, the obstacles to research and the potential areas where help can be improved. SAS (version 9.4, 2017; SAS Institute Inc.) was used for descriptive analysis and logistic regression. Results: Sixty-seven of the 79 residents (84.8%) in the Program responded with 58 (73.4%) completing the survey. Fifty-six of the 62 (90%) expressed some level of interest in research. The top two areas of research interest were clinical research and medical education research. The top obstacles to research were lack of time (due to competing clinical time and work–life balance) and lack of mentorship. The top three areas of research support needed by residents were supervised research protected time, departmental research manpower support and mentorship with topic expertise. Senior Residents were more likely to have higher research interest, self-initiated research participation and consideration for research as part of career progression, compared with junior residents. Conclusion: Residents faced many obstacles in doing research during residency training. Our findings also highlighted some of the needs for research support reported by the residents during their specialty training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tt Truong
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jason Ji Chan
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wan Ling Leong
- Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Rehena Sultana
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Darren Lk Koh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ban Leong Sng
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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Wood W, McCollum J, Kukreja P, Vetter IL, Morgan CJ, Hossein Zadeh Maleki A, Riesenberg LA. Graduate medical education scholarly activities initiatives: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:318. [PMID: 30577779 PMCID: PMC6303993 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education residents "should participate in scholarly activity." The development of a sustainable, successful resident scholarship program is a difficult task faced by graduate medical education leadership. METHODS A medical librarian conducted a systematic literature search for English language articles published on scholarly activities initiatives in Graduate Medical Education (GME) between January 2003 and March 31 2017. Inclusion criteria included implementing a graduate medical education research curriculum or initiative designed to enhance intern, resident, or fellow scholarly activities using a control or comparison group. We defined major outcomes as increases in publications or presentations. Random effects meta-analysis was used to compare the rate of publications before and after implementation of curriculum or initiative. RESULTS We identified 32 relevant articles. Twenty-nine (91%) reported on resident publications, with 35% (10/29) reporting statistically significant increases. Fifteen articles (47%) reported on regional, national, or international presentations, with only 13% (2/15) reporting a statistically significant increase in productivity. Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis; for these studies, the post-initiative publication rate was estimated to be 2.6 times the pre-intervention rate (95% CI: 1.6 to 4.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review identified 32 articles describing curricula and initiatives used by GME programs to increase scholarly activity. The three most frequently reported initiatives were mentors (88%), curriculum (59%), and protected time (59%). Although no specific strategy was identified as paramount to improved productivity, meta-analysis revealed that the publication rate was significantly higher following the implementation of an initiative. Thus, we conclude that a culture of emphasis on resident scholarship is the most important step. We call for well-designed research studies with control or comparison groups and a power analysis focused on identifying best practices for future scholarly activities curricula and initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wood
- Affiliated Anesthesiologists, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Jonathan McCollum
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Promil Kukreja
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Imelda L. Vetter
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Charity J. Morgan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | | | - Lee Ann Riesenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 South 19th Street, JT 909, Birmingham, AL 35249-6180 USA
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Mansi A, Karam WN, Chaaban MR. Attitudes of Residents and Program Directors Towards Research in Otolaryngology Residency. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2018; 128:28-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489418804565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine attitudes of residents and program directors towards research during residency training. Study Design: Survey of current otolaryngology residents and program directors. Setting: Otolaryngology residency programs. Methods: An anonymous web-based survey ( www.surveymonkey.com ) was sent to 106 program directors (PDs) and 115 program coordinators. The program coordinators subsequently sent it to residents. Fisher exact tests and correlations were used to determine statistically significant differences. Results: Overall, 178 residents and 31 PDs responded to our surveys. All residents surveyed reported some research experience prior to residency. Residents who reported a previous first-author manuscript publication prior to residency were more likely than residents who had no previous first-author publication to report a first-author publication during residency (58.44% vs 27.27%, P < .0001); 33% of the residents reported academics as a desired future career setting after residency. The most significant barrier to research perceived by the residents was time constraint due to residency duties and personal commitments (93% and 74%, respectively). The second and third most common barriers to research were lack of statistical knowledge at 52% and lack of interest in research at 43.6%. Conclusions: Research is a required component of otolaryngology residency training. The most significant barrier in our survey was the lack of protected research time, followed by lack of biostatistical knowledge and interest. Program directors may need to implement structured research rotations tailored to individual residents’ research interests and integrate training in research methodology and biostatistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mansi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston School of Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Wade N. Karam
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston School of Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamad R. Chaaban
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston School of Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA
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Tien-Estrada J, Vieira A, Percy V, Millar K, Tam H, Russell K, Crockett M, Dart A, McGavock J. Determinants of scholarly project completion in a paediatric resident program in Canada. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 24:e98-e103. [PMID: 30996614 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The primary aims of this study were to: 1) assess barriers and facilitators of completing scholarly projects from residents and faculty mentor perspectives, 2) determine the perceived value of new initiatives designed to support resident scholarly projects and 3) determine if these initiatives led to changes in resident publications. Design and Methods Between June and September 2014, we surveyed 18 paediatric residents and 41 faculty mentors regarding barriers to resident scholarly project completion and the value of new initiatives to support scholarly activity. We also tracked scientific publications by residents before and after implementation of these initiatives. Results The primary perceived barriers to research for residents and faculty were lack of protected time (64.3% versus 68.6%, respectively), lack of resident interest in scholarly activity (50.0% versus 60.0%, respectively) and lack of mentor motivation. Mentors and residents did not agree that lack of proper training in research (29% versus 54%, respectively) and faculty motivation (29% versus 17%, respectively) were barriers to completing a project. A dedicated research coordinator (71.4% versus 70.6%, respectively), a revised research curriculum (71.4% versus 41.2%, respectively) and works in progress sessions (50.0% versus 61.8%, respectively) were perceived as valuable initiatives to the program. These initiatives were not associated with changes in annual resident publication rates. Conclusions Lack of time and competing clinical training are primary barriers to scholarly project completion for residents in addition to a lack of motivation on the part of faculty members. Improving program support was perceived as positive changes to address these barriers but did not increase resident publication rates. The information provided here could be used to tailor future resident research programs and highlight the value of gathering input from resident and faculty when designing initiatives to enhance resident research productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Tien-Estrada
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Anajara Vieira
- Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Department: Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Vanessa Percy
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Kyle Millar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Herman Tam
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Kelly Russell
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Department: Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Maryanne Crockett
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Department: Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Allison Dart
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Department: Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Jonathan McGavock
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Department: Resident Scholarly Activity Committee, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Factors predictive of research career interest among pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows are not known. We sought to determine the prevalence and determinants of interest in research careers among PEM fellows. METHODS We performed an electronically distributed national survey of current PEM fellows. We assessed demographics, barriers to successful research, and beliefs about research using 4-point ordinal scales. The primary outcome was the fellow-reported predicted percentage of time devoted to clinical research 5 years after graduation. We measured the association between barriers and beliefs and the predicted future clinical research time using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS Of 458 current fellows, 231 (50.4%) submitted complete responses to the survey. The median predicted future clinical research time was 10% (interquartile range, 5%-20%). We identified no association between sex, residency type, and previous research exposure and predicted future research time. The barrier that most correlated with decreased predicted clinical research time was difficulty designing a feasible fellowship research project (Spearman coefficient [ρ], 0.20; P = 0.002). The belief that most correlated with increased predicted clinical research time was excitement about research (ρ = 0.69, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Most fellows expect to devote a minority of their career to clinical research. Excitement about research was strongly correlated with career research interest.
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McHenry MS, Abramson EL, McKenna MP, Li STT. Research in Pediatric Residency: National Experience of Pediatric Chief Residents. Acad Pediatr 2017; 17:144-148. [PMID: 28259335 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with increased research productivity, satisfaction, and perceived barriers to research within residency from the experience of pediatric chief residents. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was administered to academic year 2014-15 chief residents. Topics assessed included program demographic characteristics, career intentions, research productivity, satisfaction with research training and opportunities, and research barriers. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used for descriptive statistics. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with productivity and research satisfaction. RESULTS The response rate was 63% (165 of 261). Half (82 of 165) were productive in research. Most were satisfied with their quality of research training (55%; 90 of 165) and research opportunities (69%; 114 of 165). Chiefs reporting interest in research were 5 times more likely to be productive than those who did not (odds ratio [OR] = 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-11.8). Productive chiefs were more likely to report including research time in future careers (P = .003). Most (83%; 137 of 165) thought their programs were supportive of resident research, but lack of time was frequently cited as a major barrier. Those satisfied with research opportunities were less likely to find lack of training (OR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7) or faculty mentorship (OR = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-0.9) as a major barrier. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric chief resident interest in research is strongly associated with research productivity during residency, and research productivity is strongly associated with career plans including research time. By cultivating research interest through faculty mentorship, research training, and dedicated time, pediatric residency programs might help foster early research success and, potentially lead to continued engagement with research in trainees' future careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S McHenry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Erika L Abramson
- Department of Pediatrics and Healthcare Policy & Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Michael P McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Su-Ting T Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, Calif
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Stevenson MD, Smigielski EM, Naifeh MM, Abramson EL, Todd C, Li STT. Increasing Scholarly Activity Productivity During Residency: A Systematic Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:250-266. [PMID: 27049539 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although resident participation in scholarly activity is mandated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, programmatic factors associated with success are not defined. This systematic review's objective was to determine which interventions are effective in increasing resident scholarly activity productivity (RSAP), as measured by participation in scholarly activity, presentations, or publications. METHOD The PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC databases were searched through October 2013. English-language articles evaluating interventions to increase RSAP in U.S. or Canadian residency programs were included, without date limits. Two independent reviewers selected articles for inclusion and extracted data. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. RESULTS Of the 6,248 records screened, 80 studies underwent data abstraction. Twenty-six described outcomes without a comparison group, leaving 54 studies representing 13 medical and surgical specialties. Interventions included required scholarly activity participation, protected research time, research curricula, research directors, dedicated research days, and research tracks. Focusing on the 35 studies reporting statistical analysis, RSAP was associated with all interventions. There were some differences in intervention effectiveness between medical and surgical specialties. CONCLUSIONS Interventions, including protected time, research curricula, or specialized research tracks, generally result in increased participation in scholarly activity in residency programs, with mixed effects on resident presentations or publications. In many studies, interventions were bundled, suggesting that programs may need to provide increased structure and rigor through multiple pathways. The findings highlight the need for a clear definition of resident scholarly activity success aligned specifically to individual program and resident aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Stevenson
- M.D. Stevenson is associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. E.M. Smigielski was professor, Kornhauser Health Sciences Library, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, at the time of writing. M.M. Naifeh is clinical associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. E.L. Abramson is assistant professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Healthcare Policy & Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. C. Todd is associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. S.T. Li is associate professor, vice chair of education, and pediatric program director, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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Eckert J, Vaida SJ, Bezinover D, McCloskey DE, Mets B. The Resident Academic Project Program: A Structured Approach to Inspiring Academic Development During Residency Training. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:95-9. [PMID: 26491840 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the successful implementation of structured resident academic projects in our Department of Anesthesiology at the Penn State Hershey Medical Center. Beginning with the graduating class of 2010, we adopted an expectation that each resident complete a project that results in a manuscript of publishable quality. Defining a clear timeline for all steps in the project and providing research education, as well as the necessary infrastructure and ongoing support, has helped grow the academic productivity of our anesthesia residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Eckert
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Residents' scholarly activity: a cost analysis with regard to its effects on departments. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2015; 28:180-5. [PMID: 25602840 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current financial strain on training departments may have a significantly negative impact on continuing support for residents' scholarly activity. A cost analysis with regard to residents' scholarly activity effects on anesthesiology training departments is performed. RECENT FINDINGS The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has issued a new outcome-focused scholarly activity requirement. Low scholarly achievement by anesthesiology faculty in the USA has been documented and needs transformation. It is evident that a structured scholarly activity support system is effective. To support such a system, training departments need to support anesthesiology residents' nonclinical time, which would cost an average of $13,500 per month per resident using nonresident hands-on care providers in operating rooms, resident's meeting attendance in average $1,424 per resident per meeting, and faculty mentorship and other infrastructure. It must also be taken into account that missed clinical opportunities by an anesthesiology resident during nonclinical time are an estimated average of 60 cases per month. SUMMARY The importance of resident scholarly activity has never been so or as critical as in the present. Anesthesiology leadership must continue to invest to support resident scholarly activity for the future of the specialty while being mindful of costs incurred.
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Development of a Successful Scholarly Activity and Research Program for Subspecialty Trainees. Am J Med Sci 2015; 350:222-7. [PMID: 26002849 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Training young physicians to perform research is challenging on many levels. Thus, many internal medicine training programs, including both core and subspecialty programs, struggle with providing a rigorous and successful research experience for their trainees. Here, the authors report on the rationale, design, practical implementation and outcome of a new program that was developed at the University Gastroenterology Fellowship Training Program. Before program inception, 33% of trainees presented original research at scientific meetings or published their work in peer-reviewed journals. After implementation, 100% of trainees accomplished these metrics. Additionally, the proportion of trainees remaining in academic medicine increased from 14% before implementation of the program to 51% after it began. Several elements were viewed to be critically important for the program including the following: communication of expectations and development of a robust program structure, dedicated protected time, a dedicated research curriculum, programmatic support, mentorship and oversight as well as accountability/tracking of accomplishments. The authors conclude that institutions able to adopt these or similar approaches will reap the many rewards of discovery research performed by trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Samuels
- Pediatric Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Benzon HA, De Oliveira GS, Jagannathan N, Suresh S. Selection of subspecialty fellows in anesthesia for pediatric anesthesia: a national survey of program directors in the United States. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25:487-91. [PMID: 25581298 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the selection process for medical students, residents, and fellows across different specialties. Currently, the selection criteria used by pediatric anesthesia program directors to select prospective pediatric anesthesia fellows are unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the criteria used by program directors in the selection of prospective pediatric anesthesia fellows in the United States. METHODS Survey responses were solicited from 51 pediatric anesthesia fellowship directors in the United States. Questions evaluated department demographic information, the importance of fellowship selection criteria, and program satisfaction with the Match process. RESULTS Forty-two of 51 fellowship directors responded to the survey (a response rate of 82%). The personal statement was reported as extremely/very important for 30 of 42 (71%) program directors, while research experience and prior publications were reported as extremely/very important for 16 of 41 (39%) and 16 of 41 (39%) program directors, respectively. Programs that offered all the spots through the Match were smaller, median (IQR) number of fellows of 3 (2-6) compared to the ones that did not offer all the spots through the Match, 8 (2-12), P = 0.03. In contrast, no difference in program directors' satisfaction with the Match was detected between smaller (≤ 3 fellows) and larger programs (>3 fellows), P = 0.25. CONCLUSION A minority of pediatric fellowship program directors rated prior research experience as an important factor in the selection of prospective fellows. The lack of emphasis on research qualities for fellows is potentially concerning for the future of our specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert A Benzon
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kacmar RM, De Oliveira GS, McCarthy RJ, Wong CA. Status of obstetric anesthesiology fellowship research education in the USA and Canada: a 2013 survey of fellowship program directors. Int J Obstet Anesth 2014; 24:193-4. [PMID: 25554674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Kacmar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - G S De Oliveira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R J McCarthy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C A Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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McGowan FX, Davis PJ. The advanced pediatric anesthesiology fellowship: moving beyond a clinical apprenticeship. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:701-3. [PMID: 24651221 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis X McGowan
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and †Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Andropoulos DB, Walker SG, Kurth CD, Clark RM, Henry DB. Advanced Second Year Fellowship Training in Pediatric Anesthesiology in the United States. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:800-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Benzon HA, De Oliveira GS, Hardy CA, Suresh S. Status of pediatric anesthesiology fellowship research education in the United States: a survey of fellowship program directors. Paediatr Anaesth 2014; 24:327-31. [PMID: 24308729 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, very little information is known regarding the research education of pediatric anesthesia fellows. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the status of research training in pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs in the United States. METHODS Survey responses were solicited from forty-six pediatric anesthesia fellowship directors. Questions evaluated department demographic information, the extent of faculty research activity, research resources and research funding in the department, the characteristics of fellow research education and fellow research productivity, departmental support for fellow research, and perceived barriers to fellow research education. RESULTS Thirty-six of forty-six fellowship directors responded to the survey, for a response rate of 78%. Eight of fourteen (57%) programs with a structured curriculum had more than 20% of graduating fellows publish a peer-reviewed manuscript compared with only five of twenty-two (23%) programs, which did not have a structured research curriculum (P = 0.03). While the majority of program directors (thirty of thirty-six (83%)) did not think that fellows are adequately trained to pursue research activities, only a minority of program directors (7 of 36 (19%)) thought that an extra year of fellowship dedicated to research should become a requirement. CONCLUSION Structured research curriculum is associated with increased research productivity during pediatric anesthesia fellowship. Important barriers to fellows' research education include high clinical demands and lack of research time for faculty. Despite acknowledging the poor research education, a small minority of fellowship directors supports the addition of an extra year exclusively dedicated to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert A Benzon
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Facilitation of resident scholarly activity: strategy and outcome analyses using historical resident cohorts and a rank-to-match population. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:111-9. [PMID: 24212198 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facilitation of residents' scholarly activities is indispensable to the future of medical specialties. Research education initiatives and their outcomes, however, have rarely been reported. METHODS Since academic year 2006, research education initiatives, including research lectures, research problem-based learning discussions, and an elective research rotation under a new research director's supervision, have been used. The effectiveness of the initiatives was evaluated by comparing the number of residents and faculty mentors involved in residents' research activity (Preinitiative [2003-2006] vs. Postinitiative [2007-2011]). The residents' current postgraduation practices were also compared. To minimize potential historical confounding factors, peer-reviewed publications based on work performed during residency, which were written by residents who graduated from the program in academic year 2009 to academic year 2011, were further compared with those of rank-to-match residents, who were on the residency ranking list during the same academic years, and could have been matched with the program of the authors had the residents ranked it high enough on their list. RESULTS The Postinitiative group showed greater resident research involvement compared with the Preinitiative group (89.2% [58 in 65 residents] vs. 64.8% [35 in 54]; P = 0.0013) and greater faculty involvement (23.9% [161 in 673 faculty per year] vs. 9.2% [55 in 595]; P < 0.0001). Choice of academic practice did not increase (50.8% [Post] vs. 40.7% [Pre]; P = 0.36). Graduated residents (n = 38) published more often than the rank-to-match residents (n = 220) (55.3% [21 residents] vs. 13.2% [29]; P < 0.0001, odds ratio 8.1 with 95% CI of 3.9 to 17.2). CONCLUSION Research education initiatives increased residents' research involvement.
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De Oliveira GS. In Response. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:483-484. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hurley RW, Zhao K, Tighe PJ, Ko PS, Pronovost PJ, Wu CL. Examination of Publications from Academic Anesthesiology Faculty in the United States. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:192-9. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182a91aa9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schott NJ, Emerick TD, Metro DG, Sakai T. The Cost of Resident Scholarly Activity and Its Effect on Resident Clinical Experience. Anesth Analg 2013; 117:1211-6. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182a44d5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Koning SW, Gaakeer MI, Veugelers R. Three-year emergency medicine training program in The Netherlands: first evaluation from the residents' perspective. Int J Emerg Med 2013; 6:30. [PMID: 23890388 PMCID: PMC3737062 DOI: 10.1186/1865-1380-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Netherlands' 3-year training in Emergency Medicine (EM) was formally approved and introduced in November 2008. To identify areas for improvement, we conducted the first evaluation of this curriculum from the residents' perspective. METHODS A questionnaire was composed on ten aspects of the curriculum. It contained multiple-choice, open and opinion questions; answers to the latter were classified using the Likert scale. The questionnaires were mailed to all enrolled residents. RESULTS We mailed questionnaires to all 189 enrolled residents, and 105 responded (55.6%). Although they were satisfied with their training overall, 96.2% thought it was currently too short: 18.3% desired extension to 4 years, 76.0% to 5 and 1.9% to 6 years. Nevertheless, residents expected that they would function effectively as emergency physicians (EPs) after finishing their 3-year training program. Bedside teaching was assessed positively by 35.2%. All rotations were assessed positively, with the general practice rotation seen as contributing the least to the program. According to 43.7%, supervising EPs were available for consultation; 40.7% thought that, in a clinical capacity, the EP was sufficiently present during residents' shifts. When EPs were present, 82.5% found them to be easily accessible, and 66.6% viewed them as role models. In the Emergency Medicine Departments (EDs) with a higher number of EPs employed, residents tended to perceive better supervision and were more likely to see their EPs as role models. While residents were stimulated to do research, actual support and assistance needed to be improved. CONCLUSION Although overall, the current training program was evaluated positively, the residents identified four areas for improvement: (1) in training hospitals, trained EPs should be present more continuously for clinical supervision; (2) bedside teaching should be improved, (3) scientific research should be facilitated more and (4) the training program should be extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Willem Koning
- Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, CX 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Iskander Gaakeer
- Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, CX 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka Veugelers
- Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medicine Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, CX 3584, The Netherlands
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