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Kwon SW, Chung CK, Won YI, Yuh WT, Park SB, Yang SH, Lee CH, Rhee JM, Kim KT, Kim CH. Mechanical Failure After Total En Bloc Spondylectomy and Salvage Surgery. Neurospine 2022; 19:146-154. [PMID: 35378588 PMCID: PMC8987538 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244092.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) is a curative surgical method for spinal tumors. After resecting the 3 spinal columns, reconstruction is of paramount importance. We present cases of mechanical failure and suggest strategies for salvage surgery.
Methods The medical records of 19 patients who underwent TES (9 for primary tumors and 10 for metastatic tumors) were retrospectively reviewed. Previously reported surgical techniques were used, and the surgical extent was 1 level in 16 patients and 2 levels in 3 patients. A titanium-based mesh-type interbody spacer filled with autologous and cadaveric bone was used for anterior support, and a pedicle screw/rod system was used for posterior support. Radiotherapy was performed in 11 patients (pre-TES, 5; post-TES, 6). They were followed up for 59 ± 38 months (range, 11–133 months).
Results During follow-up, 8 of 9 primary tumor patients (89%) and 5 of 10 metastatic tumor patients (50%) survived (mean survival time, 124 ± 8 months vs. 51 ± 13 months; p=0.11). Mechanical failure occurred in 3 patients (33%) with primary tumors and 2 patients (20%) with metastatic tumors (p=0.63). The mechanical failure-free time was 94.4 ± 14 months (primary tumors, 95 ± 18 months; metastatic tumors, 68 ± 16 months; p=0.90). Revision surgery was performed in 4 of 5 patients, and bilateral broken rods were replaced with dual cobalt-chromium alloy rods. Repeated rod fractures occurred in 1 of 4 patients 2 years later, and the third operation (with multiple cobalt-chromium alloy rods) was successful for over 6 years.
Conclusion Considering the difficulty of reoperation and patients’ suffering, preemptive use of a multiple-rod system may be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Won Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon Veterans Hospital, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Il Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Woon Tak Yuh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Heon Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - John M. Rhee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding Author Chi Heon Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-1130 Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Narazaki DK, Higino LP, Teixeira WGJ, Rocha IDD, Cristante AF, Barros Filho TEPD. FOUR-LEVEL EN BLOC VERTEBRECTOMY: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE AND LITERATURE REVIEW. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2019; 26:406-410. [PMID: 30774516 PMCID: PMC6362676 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220182606180916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To demonstrate a novel technique for multilevel en bloc post-vertebrectomy reconstruction. Methods: A novel technique for en bloc multiple post-vertebrectomy reconstruction was used in a patient presenting for curative resection of Ewing's Sarcoma at the oncology center of a public university hospital. Results: The procedure described was feasible for en bloc resection of the four vertebrae. The reconstruction was acceptable and satisfactory in terms of mechanical stability and was without any neurological sequelae in the patient. Conclusion: The use of an allograft with a locked intramedullary nail was an adequate solution for reconstructing the anterior and medial spines after multilevel vertebrectomy. In addition, the association of four intramedullary nails provided stability to the reconstruction. Immediate benefits of the technique compared to other commonly used techniques were shorter hospitalization times and reduced surgical morbidity. Level of Evidence V, Clinical study of a new surgical technique and a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas P. Higino
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ivan Dias da Rocha
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Li Z, Guan M, Sun D, Xu Y, Li F, Xiong W. A novel MRI- and CT-based scoring system to differentiate malignant from osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Chinese patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:406. [PMID: 30458738 PMCID: PMC6247741 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various types of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) findings are used to differentiate malignant vertebral fractures (MVFs) from osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs). The distinguishing ability of any single finding is limited. This study developed a novel scoring system that integrates multiple MRI and CT signs for improved accuracy of differential diagnosis between MVFs and OVFs. Methods A total of 150 MVFs and 150 OVFs in thoracolumbar vertebrae were analyzed. MRI and CT images were obtained within 2 months of the probable time of fracture. The sensitivity and specificity of 15 MRI and CT image findings were evaluated. A stepwise discriminant analysis using these signs as variables was used to create a scoring system to differentiate MVFs from OVFs. Results All 15 image findings had strong specificity and moderate sensitivity. Seven MRI and three CT image findings were selected and assigned integral values in the final scoring system. A total score of 4 or greater points indicated MVF, whereas a total score of 3 or fewer points indicated OVF. The classification accuracy was 98.3% in the test set. Conclusions This novel scoring system using MRI and CT radiologic findings to differentiate MVFs from OVFs in Chinese patients was efficient with high accuracy and good applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- Department of orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of orthopedics, Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Radiology department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Gupta S, Stinson ZS, Marco RA, Dormans JP. Single stage en bloc resection of a recurrent metastatic osteosarcoma of the pediatric lumbar spine through multiple exposures - a novel approach. SICOT J 2018; 4:32. [PMID: 30004865 PMCID: PMC6044856 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2018028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a wide resection and safe margins in recurrent spine osteosarcoma, the surgical approach can include – posterior only, combined posterior and anterior, and combined posterior and anterior with a return to posterior in multiple stages. In our case, we used a novel approach of multiple extensile exposures circumferentially in a single stage with a single surgical prep. We present the case of a 9-year-old female with a history of metastatic osteosarcoma, who previously underwent an attempted en bloc resection with an L3 corpectomy and left below knee amputation. At 1 year follow-up, she developed a recurrent solitary spine lesion at the previous surgical resection site. An additional attempt at complete surgical resection was performed with a complex en bloc L2, L3, L4 corpectomy with removal of deep spinal implants and anterior and posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation and revision decompressive laminectomy. The patient had a good functional outcome without neurological deficits, except those resulting from resection of involved lumbar nerve roots. At last follow-up of 5 months, there was no local recurrence or distant metastasis. This approach for revision resection of recurrent spinal osteosarcoma can be performed successfully with clean margins in a safe manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gupta
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary S Stinson
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rex A Marco
- Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Dormans
- Paediatric Orthopaedics Department, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Xiao J, He S, Jiao J, Wan W, Xu W, Zhang D, Liu W, Zhong N, Liu T, Wei H, Yang X. Single-stage multi-level construct design incorporating ribs and chest wall reconstruction after en bloc resection of spinal tumour. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 42:559-565. [PMID: 29404670 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multi-level reconstruction incorporating the chest wall and ribs is technically demanding after multi-segmental total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) of thoracic spinal tumours. Few surgical techniques are reported for effective reconstruction. A novel and straightforward technical reconstruction through posterior-lateral approach was presented to solve the extensive chest wall defect and prevent occurrences of severe respiratory dysfunctions after performing TES. The preliminary outcomes of surgery were reviewed. METHODS Multi-level TES was performed for five patients with primary or recurrent thoracic spinal malignancies through posterior-lateral approach. The involved ribs and chest wall were removed to achieve tumour-free margin. Then titanium mesh with allograft bone and pedicle screw-rod system were adopted for the circumferential spinal reconstruction routinely. Titanium rods were modified accordingly to attach to the screw-rod system proximally, and the distal end of rods was dynamically inserted into the ribs. RESULTS The mean surgery time was 6.7 hours (range 5-8), with the average blood loss of 3260 ml (range 2300-4500). No severe neurological complications were reported while three patients had complaints of slight numbness of chest skin (no. 1, 3, and 5). No severe respiratory complications occurred during peri-operative period. No implant failure and no local recurrence or distant metastases were observed with an average follow-up of 12.5 months. CONCLUSIONS The single-stage reconstructions incorporating spine and chest wall are straightforward and easy to perform. The preliminary outcomes of co-reconstructions are promising and favourable. More studies and longer follow-up are required to validate this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Xiao
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Shaohui He
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.,Department of spine surgery, Central Hospital of Qingdao, 127 Siliu South Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266042, China
| | - Nanzhe Zhong
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Sciubba DM, De la Garza Ramos R, Goodwin CR, Xu R, Bydon A, Witham TF, Gokaslan ZL, Wolinsky JP. Total en bloc spondylectomy for locally aggressive and primary malignant tumors of the lumbar spine. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2016; 25:4080-4087. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fixed-Angle, Posteriorly Connected Anterior Cage Reconstruction Improves Stiffness and Decreases Cancellous Subsidence in a Spondylectomy Model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:E519-23. [PMID: 26630429 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An idealized biomechanical model. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties of a construct designed to minimize intervertebral cage subsidence and maximize stiffness. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Reconstruction after vertebral resection typically involves posterior segmental fixation and anterior interbody support. However, poor bone density, adjuvant radiation, or the oncologic need for endplate resection make interbody device subsidence and resultant instrumentation failure a significant concern. METHODS An idealized thoracolumbar spondylectomy reconstruction model was constructed using titanium segmental instrumentation and Delrin plastic. In vivo mechanical stress was simulated on a custom multi-axis spine simulator. Rigid body position in space was measured using an optical motion-capture system. Cancellous subsidence was modeled using a 1 cm thick wafer of number 3 closed-cell Sawbones foam at one endplate. Ten foam specimens were tested in a control state consisting of posterior segmental fixation with a free interbody cage. Ten additional foam specimens were tested in the test state, with the Delrin interbody cage "connected" to the posterior rods using two additional pedicle screws placed into the cage. Foam indentation was quantified using a precision digital surface-mapping device, and subsidence volume calculated using geometric integration. RESULTS The control group exhibited significantly greater foam indentation after cycling, with a mean subsidence volume of 1906 mm [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1810-2001] than the connected cage group subsidence volume of 977 mm (95% CI 928-1026 mm; P < 0.001]. Construct stiffness was greater in the connected cage group (3.1 Nm/degree, 95% CI 3.1-3.2) than in the control group (2.3 Nm/degree, 95% CI 2.2-2.4; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In an idealized spondylectomy model, connecting the anterior column cage to the posterior instrumentation using additional pedicle screws results in a construct that is nearly 40% stiffer and exhibits 50% less cancellous subsidence compared with a traditional unconnected cage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Elder BD, Sankey EW, Goodwin CR, Kosztowski TA, Lo SFL, Bydon A, Wolinsky JP, Gokaslan ZL, Witham TF, Sciubba DM. Surgical Outcomes in Patients with High Spinal Instability Neoplasm Score Secondary to Spinal Giant Cell Tumors. Global Spine J 2016; 6:21-8. [PMID: 26835198 PMCID: PMC4733366 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design Retrospective review. Objective To describe the surgical outcomes in patients with high preoperative Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) secondary to spinal giant cell tumors (GCT) and evaluate the impact of en bloc versus intralesional resection and preoperative embolization on postoperative outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 14 patients with GCTs of the spine who underwent surgical treatment prior to the use of denosumab. A univariate analysis was performed comparing the patient demographics, perioperative characteristics, and surgical outcomes between patients who underwent en bloc marginal (n = 6) compared with those who had intralesional (n = 8) resection. Results Six patients underwent en bloc resections and eight underwent intralesional resection. Preoperative embolization was performed in eight patients. All patients were alive at last follow-up, with a mean follow-up length of 43 months. Patients who underwent en bloc resection had longer average operative times (p = 0.0251), higher rates of early (p = 0.0182) and late (p = 0.0389) complications, and a higher rate of surgical revision (p = 0.0120). There was a 25% (2/8 patients) local recurrence rate for intralesional resection and a 0% (0/6 patients) local recurrence rate for en bloc resection (p = 0.0929). Conclusions Surgical excision of spinal GCTs causing significant instability, assessed by SINS, is associated with high intraoperative blood loss despite embolization and independent of resection method. En bloc resection requires a longer operative duration and is associated with a higher risk of complications when compared with intralesional resection. However, the increased morbidity associated with en bloc resection may be justified as it may minimize the risk of local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Eric W. Sankey
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - C. Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Thomas A. Kosztowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sheng-Fu L. Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ali Bydon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jean-Paul Wolinsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ziya L. Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Timothy F. Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel M. Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States,Address for correspondence Daniel M. Sciubba, MD Department of NeurosurgeryThe Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 7-109Baltimore, MD 21287United States
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9
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Montes E, Burgos J, Barrios C, de Blas G, Hevia E, Forteza J. Neurophysiological monitoring during acute and progressive experimentally induced compression injury of the spinal cord in pigs. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2015; 26:49-55. [PMID: 25862652 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-015-3924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the degree of acute or progressive lateral compression needed to cause neurologic injury to the spinal cord assessed by electrophysiological monitoring. METHODS In five domestic pigs, the spinal cord was exposed and compressed between T8-T9 roots using a precise compression device. Two sticks placed on both sides of the spinal cord were sequentially brought together (0.5 mm every 2 min), causing progressive spinal cord compression. Acute compression was reproduced by a 2.5-mm displacement of the sticks. Cord-to-cord evoked potentials were obtained with two epidural catheters. RESULTS Increasing latency and decreasing amplitude of the evoked potentials were observed after a mean progressive displacement of the sticks of 3.2 ± 0.9 mm, disappearing after a mean displacement of 4.6 ± 1.2 mm. The potential returned after compression removal (16.8 ± 3.2 min). The potentials disappeared immediately after an acute compression of 2.5 ± 0.3 mm, without any sign of recovering after 30 min. CONCLUSIONS The experimental model replicates the mechanism of a spinal cord injury caused by medially displaced screws into the spinal canal. The spinal cord had more ability for adaptation to progressive and slow compression than to acute mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montes
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Burgos
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Quevedo 2, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gema de Blas
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Hevia
- Spine Surgery Unit, Hospital La Fraternidad-Muprexpa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
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Holland CM, Bass DI, Gary MF, Howard BM, Refai D. Thoracic lateral extracavitary corpectomy for anterior column reconstruction with expandable and static titanium cages: clinical outcomes and surgical considerations in a consecutive case series. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014; 129:37-43. [PMID: 25528373 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many surgical interventions have emerged as effective means of restoring mechanical stability of the anterior column of the spine. The lateral extracavitary approach (LECA) allows for broad visualization and circumferential reconstruction of the spinal column. However, early reports demonstrated significant complication rates, protracted operative times, and prolonged hospitalizations. More recent reports have highlighted concerns for subsidence, particularly with expandable cages. Our work seeks to describe a single-surgeon consecutive series of patients undergoing LECA for thoracic corpectomy. Specifically, the objective was to explore the surgical considerations, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complication profile of this approach. METHODS A retrospective study examined data from 17 consecutive patients in whom single or multi-level corpectomy was performed via a LECA by a single surgeon. Vertebral body replacement was achieved with either a static or expandable titanium cage. The Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) was utilized to assess patient functional status before and after surgery. Radiographic outcomes, particularly footplate-to-body ratio and subsidence, were assessed on CT imaging at 6 weeks after surgery and at follow-up of at least 6 months. RESULTS The majority of patients had post-operative KPS scores consistent with functional independence (≥70, 12/17 patients, 71%). Fourteen patients had improved or maintained function by last follow-up. In both groups, all patients had a favorable footplate-to-body ratio, and rates of subsidence were similar at both time points. Notably, the overall complication rate (24%) was significantly lower than that published in the literature, and no patient suffered a pneumothorax that required placement of a thoracostomy tube. CONCLUSION The LECA approach for anterior column reconstruction with static or expandable cages is an important surgical consideration with favorable surgical parameters and complication rates. Further, use of expandable cages may allow for reconstruction over a larger segment without increased risk of subsidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Holland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta 30322, USA.
| | - David I Bass
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta 30322, USA
| | - Matthew F Gary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta 30322, USA
| | - Brian M Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta 30322, USA
| | - Daniel Refai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta 30322, USA; Emory University School of Medicine, 1648 Pierce Drive NE, Atlanta 30322, USA; Emory Orthopaedics and Spine Center, 59 Executive Park South, Suite 3000, Atlanta 30329, USA
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Park JH, Hyun SJ, Kim KJ, Jahng TA. Total en bloc thoracic and lumbar spondylectomy for non-small cell lung cancer with favorable prognostic indicators: is it merely indicated for solitary spinal metastasis? J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2014; 56:431-5. [PMID: 25535523 PMCID: PMC4273004 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2014.56.5.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A fifty-year-old female non-smoker with no other specific medical history visited our institute. She complained of axial back pain with no other neurological deficit. Chest X-ray, chest computed tomography (CT) scan, CT-guided needle aspiration biopsy, whole-body positron emission tomography, spine CT and spine magnetic resonance image findings suggested NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, multiple brain metastases, and two isolated metastases to the T3 and L3 vertebral bodies. She underwent chemotherapy with gefitinib (Iressa™) for NSCLC and gamma knife surgery for multiple brain metastases. We performed a two-staged, total en bloc spondylectomy of the T3 and L3 vertebral bodies based on several good prognostic characteristics, such as the lack of metastases to the appendicular bone, good preoperative performance status, and being an excellent responder (Asian, never-smoker and adenocarcinoma histology) to EGFR inhibitors. Improved axial back pain after the surgery enabled her to walk with the aid of a thoracolumbosacral orthosis brace on the third postoperative day. Her Karnofsky performance status score (KPS) was 90 at the time of discharge and has been maintained to date 3 years after surgery. In selected NSCLC patients with good prognostic characteristics, we suggest that locally curative treatment such as total en bloc spondylectomy or radiosurgery should be emphasized to achieve longer term survival for the selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwa Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Hyun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae-Ahn Jahng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Santiago-Dieppa DR, Hwang LS, Bydon A, Gokaslan ZL, McCarthy EF, Witham TF. L4 and L5 spondylectomy for en bloc resection of giant cell tumor and review of the literature. EVIDENCE-BASED SPINE-CARE JOURNAL 2014; 5:151-7. [PMID: 25364329 PMCID: PMC4212699 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Study Design Case report and review of the literature. Objective We present the case of a two-level lumbar spondylectomy at L4 and L5 for en bloc resection of a giant cell tumor (GCT) and lumbopelvic reconstruction. Methods A 58-year-old woman presented with a 7-month history of progressive intractable back and leg pain secondary to a biopsy-proven Enneking stage III GCT of the L4 and L5 vertebrae. The patient underwent a successful L4–L5 spondylectomy and lumbopelvic reconstruction using a combined posterior and anterior approach over two operative stages. Results Postoperative complications included a deep wound infection and a cerebrospinal fluid leak; however, following surgical debridement and long-term antibiotic treatment, the patient was neurologically intact with minimal pain and there was no evidence of tumor recurrence or instrumentation failure at more than 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion Spondylectomy that achieves en bloc resection is a viable and effective treatment option that can be curative for Enneking stage III GCTs involving the lower lumbar spine. The lumbosacral junction represents a challenging anatomic location for spinal reconstruction after spondylectomy with unique technical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Santiago-Dieppa
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Lee S Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ali Bydon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Edward F McCarthy
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Rombi B, Timmermann B. Proton Beam Therapy for Pediatric Chordomas: State of the Art. Int J Part Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.14338/ijpt.13.00008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mattei TA, Ramos E, Rehman AA, Shaw A, Patel SR, Mendel E. Sustained long-term complete regression of a giant cell tumor of the spine after treatment with denosumab. Spine J 2014; 14:e15-21. [PMID: 24534393 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Although giant cell tumors (GCTs) are histologically benign, they may become locally aggressive bone tumors. As these lesions tend to respond poorly to radio- and chemotherapy, currently the standard surgical paradigm for the treatment of spinal GCTs involves en bloc surgical resection. Denosumab is a newly developed monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) which has already been demonstrated to induce marked radiographic responses on GCTs of the appendicular skeleton. Nevertheless, the role of denosumab in the treatment algorithm of GCTs of the spine has not yet been defined. PURPOSE To describe the first case of sustained long-term complete clinical and radiographic regression of a GCT of the spine after treatment with the new RANKL antibody denosumab. STUDY DESIGN Case report and literature review. METHODS The authors describe the case of 22-year-old female patient, harboring a GCT involving the C2 vertebral body and odontoid process, who was treated in monotherapy with denosumab, resulting in complete long-term clinical and radiographic tumor remission. RESULTS There were no major side effects associated with the long-term pharmacological treatment with denosumab. From the clinical standpoint, the patient demonstrated complete remission of the disease while under treatment. The 16-month radiographic follow-up demonstrated complete disappearance of the osteolytic process and intense new cortical bone formation with restoration of the bone integrity of the C2 vertebral body. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of sustained long-term complete clinical and radiographic regression of a GCT of the spine after treatment with the new RANKL antibody denosumab. Although future long-term follow-up studies are still necessary to establish important key points regarding the best therapeutic protocol with such a new drug (such as the optimal time frame to keep the patient under treatment), denosumab promises to bring major changes to the current therapeutic paradigm for GCTs of the spine, which, up to now, has strongly relied on en bloc surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Mattei
- Department of Neurosurgery - InvisionHealth Brain & Spine Center, Buffalo - NY, USA.
| | - Edwin Ramos
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University and The James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Azeem A Rehman
- The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University and The James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shreyasumar R Patel
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ehud Mendel
- Department of Neurosurgery - InvisionHealth Brain & Spine Center, Buffalo - NY, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University and The James Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Two-stage multilevel en bloc spondylectomy with resection and replacement of the aorta. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2012; 22 Suppl 3:S363-8. [PMID: 22972602 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report a case of multilevel spondylectomy in which resection and replacement of the adjacent aorta were done. Although spondylectomy is nowadays an established technique, no report on a combined aortic resection and replacement has been reported so far. METHODS The case of a 43-year-old man with a primary chondrosarcoma of the thoracic spine is presented. The local pathology necessitated resection of the aorta. We did a two-stage procedure with resection and replacement of the aorta using a heart-lung machine followed by secondary tumor resection and spinal reconstruction. RESULTS The procedure was successful. A tumor-free margin was achieved. The patient is free of disease 48 months after surgery. CONCLUSION En bloc spondylectomy in combination with aortic resection is feasible and might expand the possibility of producing tumor-free margins in special situations.
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Huang L, Chen K, Ye JC, Tang Y, Yang R, Wang P, Shen HY. Modified total en bloc spondylectomy for thoracolumbar spinal tumors via a single posterior approach. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2012; 22:556-64. [PMID: 22864795 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-012-2460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to describe our surgical management with a modified total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) and to evaluate the clinical effects in patients with thoracolumbar tumors. METHODS Sixteen consecutive patients with thoracolumbar neoplasms underwent a modified TES via single posterior approach followed by dorsoventral reconstruction from December 2008 to July 2011. Details of the modified technique were described and the patients' clinical information was retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS Significant improvements in neurological function were achieved in most of the patients. Local pain or radicular leg pain was relieved postoperatively. The mean operation time was 7.2 h, with an average blood loss of 2,300 ml. No major complications, instrumentation failure or local recurrence was found at the final follow-up. Five patients died of the disease during mean 14-month (3.0-23) follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The modified TES with a single posterior approach is feasible, safe and effective for thoracolumbar spine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Spinal Cord Injury, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, People's Republic of China.
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