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Yurtluk MD, Bin-Alamer O, Flickinger JC, Hadjipanayis CG, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. Multistaged Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Complex Large Lobar Arteriovenous Malformations: A Case Series. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01269. [PMID: 38967428 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has well defined outcomes in the management of smaller-volume arteriovenous malformations (AVM), this report evaluates the outcomes when SRS is used for large-volume (≥10 cc) lobar AVMs. METHODS Between 1990 and 2022, a cohort of 1325 patients underwent Leksell Gamma Knife SRS for brain AVMs. Among these, 40 patients (25 women; median age: 37 years) with large lobar AVMs underwent volume-staged SRS followed by additional SRS procedures if needed (2-5 procedures). The patients presented with diverse AVM locations and Spetzler-Martin Grades. Before SRS, 16 patients underwent a total of 43 embolization procedures. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 73 months, 20 patients achieved AVM obliteration. The 3, 5, and 10-year obliteration rates were 9.3%, 15.3%, and 53.3%, respectively. During the latency interval between the first SRS procedure and the last follow-up, 11 patients had intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and 6 developed new neurological deficits unrelated to ICH. The postoperative hemorrhage risk after the first SRS was 13.8% at 3 years, 16.6% at 5 years, and 36.2% at 10 years. No hemorrhagic event was documented after confirmed obliteration. Compared with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores before SRS, the mRS improved or remained stable in 28 patients. Nine patients died during the observation interval. Five were related to ICH. CONCLUSION These outcomes underscore both the potential effectiveness and the limitations of multistage SRS procedures for complex high-risk large volume AVMs in critical brain lobar locations. Most patients retained either stable or improved long-term mRS scores. During the latency interval from the first SRS until obliteration, achieved after two or more procedures, the risk of hemorrhage and treatment-related complications persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Denizhan Yurtluk
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Othman Bin-Alamer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C Flickinger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ajay Niranjan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Tasiou A, Brotis AG, Tzerefos C, Lambrianou X, Spiliotopoulos T, Alleyne CH, Boccardi E, Karlsson B, Kitchen N, Meling TR, Spetzler RF, Tolias CM, Fountas KN. Critical Appraisal of Randomized Controlled Trials on Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg 2022; 166:e536-e545. [PMID: 35863649 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain arteriovenous malformations management remains controversial despite the numerous, available treatment options. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) theoretically provide the strongest evidence for the assessment of any therapeutic intervention. However, poorly designed RCTs may be associated with biases, inaccuracies, and misleading conclusions. The purpose of our study is to assess reporting transparency and methodological quality of the existing RCTs. METHODS A search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane databases. The search was limited to English literature. We included all published RCTs reporting on the management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations. The eligible studies were evaluated by 5 blinded raters with the CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 statement and the risk-of-bias 2 tool. The inter-rater agreement was assessed with the Fleiss' Kappa. RESULTS A randomized trial of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA) and treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (TOBAS) trials were evaluated. ARUBA achieved high CONsolidated standards of reporting trials compliance, while TOBAS showed a moderate one. In ARUBA the introduction, discussion, and other information sections reached the highest compliance rate (80%-86%). The lowest rates were recorded in the results and the methods (62% and 73%, respectively). The inter-rater agreement was moderate to substantial (54.1% to 78.4%). All the examined studies demonstrated a high risk of bias, mainly related to ill-defined intended interventions, missing outcome data, and selection of the reported results. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the high risk of bias mainly attributed to several protocol violations, deviations, minimal external validity and selection, attrition, and allocation biases of the ARUBA trial. Analysis of the TOBAS trial revealed a moderate overall reporting clarity and a high risk of bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Tasiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Alexandros G Brotis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Tzerefos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Xanthoula Lambrianou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodosios Spiliotopoulos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Edoardo Boccardi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Bengt Karlsson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Neil Kitchen
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, England, UK
| | - Torstein R Meling
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert F Spetzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Christos M Tolias
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London, England, UK
| | - Kostas N Fountas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Niwa R, Ichi S, Nomura R, Sato K. Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy with CyberKnife for Large Arteriovenous Malformations and Arteriovenous Malformations Located in Eloquent Areas. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2022; 62:445-450. [PMID: 36070959 PMCID: PMC9637402 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature has yet to establish an appropriate treatment strategy for large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and AVMs located in eloquent areas. In this study, the treatment outcomes of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) with CyberKnife (CK) for large AVMs and AVMs in eloquent areas were evaluated. This study retrospectively evaluated 38 consecutive patients with AVMs treated with HSRT in the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center between August 2010 and July 2015. Obliteration rates and hemorrhage rates at 3- and 5-years of follow-up were calculated. Factors for hemorrhage and obliteration were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Fourteen (36.8%) patients had a history of hemorrhage. Twenty (52.6%) AVMs were larger than 10 mL, and 34 (89.5%) AVMs were located in eloquent areas. The majority of the AVMs (84.2%) were classified into high grades (grades 3, 4, and 5) using the Spetzler-Martin grading scale. The median modified radiosurgery-based AVM score was 2.05, and the median Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Score was 3. The mean marginal dose was 24.5 ± 2.5 Gy. Twenty-three and 15 patients received three- and five-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy, respectively. At 3 and 5 years posttreatment, two (2.0%/year) and six (6.7%/year) patients had hemorrhage with obliteration rates of 15.2% and 16.7%, respectively. AVM localization in eloquent areas was a risk factor for obliteration failure. This study revealed that HSRT with CK for large AVMs and AVMs located in eloquent areas contributed to hemorrhage risk reduction and obliteration, at least in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Niwa
- CyberKnife Center, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Shunsuke Ichi
- CyberKnife Center, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Ryutaro Nomura
- CyberKnife Center, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center.,CyberKnife Center, Chigasaki Chuo Hospital
| | - Kengo Sato
- CyberKnife Center, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
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Shrestha N, Narayanasamy G, Kalantari F, Sabouri P, Xia F, Zhong S. A phantom-based study and clinical implementation of brainlab's treatment planning system for radiosurgical treatments of arteriovenous malformations. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35856850 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of a simple, phantom-based methodology allowing for pilot applications for the Elements TPS cranio-vascular module and clinical implementation prior to AVM treatments. METHODS A customized phantom was developed to be visible in MRI and CT images. High resolution digital subtraction angiograms (DSAs) and CT images of the phantom were acquired and imported into the Brainlab Elements treatment planning system. A clinical treatment plan with 5 arcs was generated in cranial vascular planning module and delivered to the phantom using a Varian TrueBeam STx Linac equipped with HD-MLCs and Brainlab ExacTrac imaging system for non-coplanar setup verification. The delivered dose was verified using a calibrated ionization chamber placed in the phantom. Upon verification of the TPS workflow, three patients with AVM who have been treated to date at our center using the Brainlab's cranial vascular module for AVM are presented here for retrospective review. RESULTS The difference between the planed and measured dose by the ionization chamber was found to be less than 1%. Following a successful dose verification study, a clinical workflow was created. Currently, three AVM patients have been treated successfully. Clinical aspects of imaging and treatment planning consideration are presented in retrospective setting. CONCLUSIONS Dose verification of the Brainlab Elements cranial vascular planning module for intracranial SRS treatments of AVM on Varian TrueBeam was successfully implemented using a custom-made phantom with <1% discrepancy. The Brainlab Elements' cranial vascular module was successfully implemented in clinical workflow to treat patients with AVM. This manuscript provides a guideline for clinical implementation of frameless Linac-based AVM treatment using the Brainlab Elements TPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan Shrestha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Ganesh Narayanasamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Faraz Kalantari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Pouya Sabouri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Fen Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Su Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
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5
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Elawadi A, Alshanqity M, AlHussain H, Mohamed R, Orz Y, Alqahtani S, Melheim S. Dosimetric effects of embolization material artefacts in arteriovenous malformations stereotactic radiosurgery on treatment planning calculation. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 23:60-65. [PMID: 35814261 PMCID: PMC9263971 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abousaleh Elawadi
- King Fahad Medical City, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Reham Mohamed
- King Fahad Medical City, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Yasser Orz
- King Fahad Medical City, Riyad, Saudi Arabia
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Simon AB, Hurt B, Karunamuni R, Kim GY, Moiseenko V, Olson S, Farid N, Hsiao A, Hattangadi-Gluth JA. Automated segmentation of multiparametric magnetic resonance images for cerebral AVM radiosurgery planning: a deep learning approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:786. [PMID: 35039538 PMCID: PMC8763944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery planning for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is complicated by the variability in appearance of an AVM nidus across different imaging modalities. We developed a deep learning approach to automatically segment cerebrovascular-anatomical maps from multiple high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/MRA) sequences in AVM patients, with the goal of facilitating target delineation. Twenty-three AVM patients who were evaluated for radiosurgery and underwent multi-parametric MRI/MRA were included. A hybrid semi-automated and manual approach was used to label MRI/MRAs with arteries, veins, brain parenchyma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and embolized vessels. Next, these labels were used to train a convolutional neural network to perform this task. Imaging from 17 patients (6362 image slices) was used for training, and 6 patients (1224 slices) for validation. Performance was evaluated by Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). Classification performance was good for arteries, veins, brain parenchyma, and CSF, with DSCs of 0.86, 0.91, 0.98, and 0.91, respectively in the validation image set. Performance was lower for embolized vessels, with a DSC of 0.75. This demonstrates the proof of principle that accurate, high-resolution cerebrovascular-anatomical maps can be generated from multiparametric MRI/MRA. Clinical validation of their utility in radiosurgery planning is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Simon
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, 3960 Health Sciences Dr, Mail Code 0865, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brian Hurt
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roshan Karunamuni
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, 3960 Health Sciences Dr, Mail Code 0865, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gwe-Ya Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, 3960 Health Sciences Dr, Mail Code 0865, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vitali Moiseenko
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, 3960 Health Sciences Dr, Mail Code 0865, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Olson
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nikdokht Farid
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Albert Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jona A Hattangadi-Gluth
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, 3960 Health Sciences Dr, Mail Code 0865, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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7
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Tuleasca C, Peciu-Florianu I, Leroy HA, Vermandel M, Faouzi M, Reyns N. Biologically effective dose and prediction of obliteration of unruptured arteriovenous malformations treated by upfront Gamma Knife radiosurgery: a series of 149 consecutive cases. J Neurosurg 2021; 134:1901-1911. [PMID: 32707557 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns201250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) present no pathologic tissue, and radiation dose is confined in a clear targeted volume. The authors retrospectively evaluated the role of the biologically effective dose (BED) after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for brain AVMs. METHODS A total of 149 consecutive cases of unruptured AVMs treated by upfront GKRS in Lille University Hospital, France, were included. The mean length of follow-up was 52.9 months (median 48, range 12-154 months). The primary outcome was obliteration, and the secondary outcome was complication appearance. The marginal dose was 24 Gy in a vast majority of cases (n = 115, 77.2%; range 18-25 Gy). The mean BED was 220.1 Gy2.47 (median 229.9, range 106.7-246.8 Gy2.47). The mean beam-on time was 32.3 minutes (median 30.8, range 9-138.7 minutes). In the present series, the mean radiation dose rate was 2.259 Gy/min (median 2.176, range 1.313-3.665 Gy/min). The Virginia score was 0 in 29 (19.5%), 1 in 61 (40.9%), 2 in 41 (27.5%), 3 in 18 (12.1%), and 4 in 0 (0%) patients, respectively. The mean Pollock-Flickinger score was 1.11 (median 1.52, range 0.4-2.9). Univariate (for obliteration and complication appearance) and multivariate (for obliteration only) analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 104 AVMs (69.8%) were obliterated at the last follow-up. The strongest predictor for obliteration was BED (p = 0.03). A radiosurgical obliteration score is proposed, derived from a fitted multivariable model: (0.018 × BED) + (1.58 × V12) + (-0.013689 × beam-on time) + (0.021 × age) - 4.38. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.7438; after internal validation using bootstrap methods, it was 0.7088. No statistically significant relationship between radiation dose rate and obliteration was found (p = 0.29). Twenty-eight (18.8%) patients developed complications after GKRS; 20 (13.4%) of these patients had transient adverse radiological effects (perilesional edema developed). Predictors for complication appearance were higher prescription isodose volume (p = 0.005) and 12-Gy isodose line volume (V12; p = 0.001), higher Pollock-Flickinger (p = 0.02) and Virginia scores (p = 0.003), and lower beam-on time (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The BED was the strongest predictor of obliteration of unruptured AVMs after upfront GKRS. A radiosurgical score comprising the BED is proposed. The V12 appears as a predictor for both efficacy and toxicity. Beam-on time was illustrated as statistically significant for both obliteration and complication appearance. The radiation dose rate did not influence obliteration in the current analysis. The exact BED threshold remains to be established by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Tuleasca
- 1Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Roger Salengro Hospital, Neurosurgery and Neurooncology Service, Lille, France
- 2Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne
- 3University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne
- 4Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS 5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Iulia Peciu-Florianu
- 1Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Roger Salengro Hospital, Neurosurgery and Neurooncology Service, Lille, France
| | - Henri-Arthur Leroy
- 1Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Roger Salengro Hospital, Neurosurgery and Neurooncology Service, Lille, France
| | - Maximilien Vermandel
- 1Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Roger Salengro Hospital, Neurosurgery and Neurooncology Service, Lille, France
- 6University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Faouzi
- 5Division of Biostatistics, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Nicolas Reyns
- 1Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Roger Salengro Hospital, Neurosurgery and Neurooncology Service, Lille, France
- 6University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1189-ONCO-THAI-Image Assisted Laser Therapy for Oncology, Lille, France
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8
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Burke RM, Chen CJ, Ding D, Buell TJ, Sokolowski JD, Lee CC, Kano H, Kearns KN, Tzeng SW, Yang HC, Huang PP, Kondziolka D, Ironside N, Mathieu D, Iorio-Morin C, Grills IS, Feliciano C, Barnett GH, Starke RM, Lunsford LD, Sheehan JP. Early obliteration of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations after stereotactic radiosurgery: an international multicenter study. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2020; 26:398-405. [PMID: 32590353 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.peds19738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a treatment option for pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and early obliteration could encourage SRS utilization for a subset of particularly radiosensitive lesions. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of early obliteration after SRS for pediatric AVMs. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM database. Obliterated pediatric AVMs were sorted into early (obliteration ≤ 24 months after SRS) and late (obliteration > 24 months after SRS) responders. Predictors of early obliteration were identified, and the outcomes of each group were compared. RESULTS The overall study cohort was composed of 345 pediatric patients with obliterated AVMs. The early and late obliteration cohorts were made up of 95 (28%) and 250 (72%) patients, respectively. Independent predictors of early obliteration were female sex, a single SRS treatment, a higher margin dose, a higher isodose line, a deep AVM location, and a smaller AVM volume. The crude rate of post-SRS hemorrhage was 50% lower in the early (3.2%) than in the late (6.4%) obliteration cohorts, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.248). The other outcomes of the early versus late obliteration cohorts were similar, with respect to symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RICs), cyst formation, and tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-quarter of pediatric AVMs that become obliterated after SRS will achieve this radiological endpoint within 24 months of initial SRS. The authors identified multiple factors associated with early obliteration, which may aid in prognostication and management. The overall risks of delayed hemorrhage, RICs, cyst formation, and tumor formation were not statistically different in patients with early versus late obliteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Burke
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ching-Jen Chen
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Dale Ding
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Thomas J Buell
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jennifer D Sokolowski
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- 3School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hideyuki Kano
- 4Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn N Kearns
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shih-Wei Tzeng
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Huai-Che Yang
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Paul P Huang
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Douglas Kondziolka
- 7Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Natasha Ironside
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David Mathieu
- 8Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Iorio-Morin
- 8Division of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherché du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Inga S Grills
- 9Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Caleb Feliciano
- 10Section of Neurological Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico; and
| | - Gene H Barnett
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - L Dade Lunsford
- 4Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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9
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Dedeciusova M, Tuleasca C, Hajdu SD, Schiappacasse L, Patin D, Levivier M. Stereotactic Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2020; 98:424-431. [PMID: 32906136 DOI: 10.1159/000509753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare pathological conditions which pose diagnostic and reconstruction challenges. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is nowadays an established treatment method for brain AVMs, with high obliteration and low complication rates. Here we describe the first report of head extracranial AVMs successfully treated by Gamma Knife (GK) as a retrospective historical cohort. METHODS Over a 9-year period, 2 cases of extracranial AVMs were treated by GK Perfexion (Elekta Instruments AB, Stockholm, Sweden) at a single institution. A stereotactic frame and multimodal imaging, including digital subtraction angiography (DSA), were used. The prescribed dose was 24 Gy at the 50% isodose line. RESULTS The first case was of a patient with pulsating tinnitus and left superficial parotido-condylian AVM. Embolization achieved partial obliteration. Tinnitus disappeared during the following 6 months after GK. The second case was a patient with repetitive gingival hemorrhages and right superior maxillary AVM, fed by the right internal maxillary and facial arteries. Embolization achieved partial obliteration with recurrence of symptoms. GK was further performed. DSA confirmed complete obliteration in both patients. CONCLUSIONS Single-fraction GK radiosurgery appears to be safe and effective for extracranial AVMs. We recommend prescribing doses that are comparable to the ones used for brain AVMs (i.e., 24 Gy). A stereotactic frame is an important tool to ensure higher accuracy in the context of these particular locations. However, in selected cases, a mask could be applied either for single fraction purposes (if in a non-mobile location) or for hypofractionation, in case of larger volumes. These findings should be validated in larger cohorts, inclusively in terms of dose prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Dedeciusova
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Constantin Tuleasca
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, .,Faculty of Biology and Medicine (FBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland, .,Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS 5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, .,Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France, .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bicêtre, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France,
| | - Steven David Hajdu
- Radiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis Schiappacasse
- Radiation Therapy Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Patin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Levivier
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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10
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Patient dosimetry in neurointerventional procedures. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Alawneh K, Abuzayed B, Al Qawasmeh M, Raffee L, Aleshawi A. Pre-Surgical Endovascular Proximal Feeder Artery Devascularization Technique for the Treatment of Cranial Arteriovenous Malformations. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:181-191. [PMID: 32547045 PMCID: PMC7245473 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s244514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) aims to abolish any risk for intracranial hemorrhage with the preservation of the patient’s functional status. We present the technique of pre-surgical endovascular devascularization through proximal feeder artery occlusion for the treatment of cranial AVMs rather than nidus occlusion. Also, we highlight the advantages and the possible clinical indications. Patients and Methods Two patients with brain AVM and one patient with scalp AVM were treated by pre-surgical endovascular devascularization followed by surgical resection. Endovascular devascularization was performed by occlusion of the AVM feeders only with Liquid Embolic System Agent (Onyx®) 18 without entering and filling the nidus. During surgery, feeding arteries colored with the black color of the Liquid Embolic System Agent were clearly identified and cut. Dissection of the AVM was performed, and resection of the nidus was achieved. Results Total resection of the AVM was achieved in all cases confirmed with follow-up angiographies, with no neurologic or systemic complications. Also, no major bleeding was detected. In addition, the surgical clips were avoided during surgery. Brain AVMs were safely resected in piecemeal fashion. Conclusion Pre-surgical endovascular proximal feeder artery devascularization technique shows to be a safe, simple and effective technique for the management of cranial arteriovenous malformations. This technique simplifies both the endovascular and surgical approaches to complicated cranial AVM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alawneh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Bashar Abuzayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Specialty Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Majdi Al Qawasmeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Liqaa Raffee
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Abdelwahab Aleshawi
- King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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12
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Zaki Ghali MG, Kan P, Britz GW. Curative Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg 2019; 129:467-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Yoshino M, Kin T, Hara T. Usefulness of High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Multifusion Medical Imaging for Preoperative Planning in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation. World Neurosurg 2019; 124:e755-e763. [PMID: 30677580 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful resection of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) depends on preoperative assessment of the detailed morphology of the AVM. Simultaneous detailed three-dimensional visualization of the feeding arteries, draining veins, and surrounding structures is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution three-dimensional multifusion medical imaging (HR-3DMMI) for preoperative planning of AVM resection. METHODS HR-3DMMI combined magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, thin-slice computed tomography, and three-dimensional rotational angiography. Surface rendering was mainly used for creation of HR-3DMMI using multiple thresholds to create three-dimensional models. HR-3DMMI technique was used in 8 patients for preoperative planning, and imaging findings were compared with operative findings. RESULTS All feeding arteries and draining veins were found intraoperatively at the same position as estimated preoperatively and were occluded as planned preoperatively. CONCLUSIONS HR-3DMMI technique demonstrated the precise locations of feeding arteries, draining veins, and surrounding important tissues, such as corticospinal tract and arcuate fiber, preoperatively and estimated the appropriate route for resection of the AVM. HR-3DMMI is expected to be a very useful support tool for surgery of AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taichi Kin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Duckworth EA, Chintalapani G, Camstra KM, Kan P. Optimizing contrast-enhanced cone-beam CT protocol to facilitate simultaneous visualization of neurovascular pathologies and surrounding structures of interest. Interv Neuroradiol 2018; 25:102-110. [PMID: 30231798 DOI: 10.1177/1591019918800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contrast-enhanced cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is commonly used for evaluating neurovascular stents and their relationship to the parent artery or vascular pathologies such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) in the context of surrounding anatomical structures. The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of varying concentrations of contrast medium used in CBCT imaging for optimal visualization of various endovascular devices and anatomical pathologies. METHODS Thirty-five patients with various neurovascular pathologies were included in the study. Contrast-enhanced CBCT images (20 s DR, Siemens syngo DynaCT, Siemens AG, Forchheim, Germany) were acquired in all cases, with varying dilutions of contrast medium, from 1% to 30%. The injection rate was kept constant at 3 cc/sec with an X-ray delay of two sec, and a total volume of 66 cc of diluted contrast was administered. Results from visual and quantitative analysis were reported. RESULTS Ten percent dilution of contrast medium resulted in the best image differentiation between flow-diverter devices and the parent artery. Concentrations as low as 2.5% contrast medium also resulted in identifying AVMs in the context of the surrounding brain parenchyma, whereas 20% to 30% dilution provided the best visualization of residual AVMs with prior Onyx embolization and dAVFs in the presence of bony structures. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous visualization of brain parenchyma, bony structures, devices, and pathological anatomy using contrast-enhanced CBCT imaging is feasible with appropriate doses of iodinated contrast, and should be tailored to the individual case based on the goals of CBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin M Camstra
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Peter Kan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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15
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Radiosurgery reduces plasma levels of angiogenic factors in brain arteriovenous malformation patients. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:220-225. [PMID: 29752992 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant expression of angiogenic factors has been anecdotally documented in brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) nidus vessels; however, no data is available on the effect of radiosurgery on the levels of angiogenic factors in AVM patients. We sought to determine the plasma contents of VEGF, TGF-β, Ang-2 and bFGF in 28 brain AVM patients at baseline and post radiosurgery and further analyzed the relationship between plasma contents of these angiogenic factors with clinicopathologic variables of these patients. METHODS We enrolled brain AVM patients who underwent Cyberknife radiosurgery at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2015. Brain AVM was confirmed by cerebral angiography and radiosurgery was performed with Cyberknife irradiation. Plasma contents of VEGF, TGF-β, Ang-2 and bFGF were analyzed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS The baseline plasma VEGF content was 222.63 pg/mL (range 43.25-431.25 pg/mL). At three months post surgery, there was a significant -34.29% decline in plasma VEGF content versus baseline (P = 0.000). Furthermore, the median baseline plasma VEGF levels were higher in brain AVM with a nidus volume ≥ 10 cm3) than those with a nidus volume < 10 cm3 [median(IQR) 293.5 (186.5,359.25) vs. 202 (59.75, 270.75) pg/mL, P = 0.057]. The baseline plasma TGF-β content was 556.17 pg/mL (range 44.44-1486.11 pg/mL) and there was a significant -27.47% decline in plasma TGF-β content at 3 months post radiosurgery versus baseline (P = 0.015). Moreover, the baseline plasma ANG-2 content was 214.27 pg/mL (range 77.14-453.76 pg/mL). There was an immediate and significant -12.47% decline in plasma ANG-2 content post surgery versus baseline (P = 0.002). At three months post surgery, the plasma ANG-2 content still remained significantly depressed versus baseline (P = 0.002). In addition, the baseline plasma bFGF content was 9.17 pg/mL (range 3.67-36.78 pg/mL). No significant difference in plasma bFGF content was observed immediately post surgery and 3 months post surgery versus baseline (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Radiosurgery for brain AVM patients significantly reduced the plasma levels of angiogenic factors. The plasma angiogenic factors may be candidate markers for aberrant agniogenesis of brain AVM and patient response to radiosurgery.
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Feutren T, Huertas A, Salleron J, Anxionnat R, Bracard S, Klein O, Peiffert D, Bernier-Chastagner V. Modern robot-assisted radiosurgery of cerebral angiomas-own experiences, system comparisons, and comprehensive literature overview. Neurosurg Rev 2017; 41:787-797. [PMID: 29105011 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-017-0926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare vascular lesions potentially responsible for substantial neurological morbidity and mortality. Over the past four decades, radiosurgery has become a valid therapeutic option for many patients with small intracranial AVMs, but reports describing the use of robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are rare. The purposes of this study are to describe the efficacy and toxicity of robotic SRS for AVMs and to review the literature. The reports of 48 consecutive patients treated with SRS were reviewed. A total dose of 18 Gy in a single fraction was prescribed to the 70% isodose line. Efficacy (i.e., total obliteration of the AVM) and toxicity were analyzed. Literature search was performed on Embase and PubMed for the terms "Radiosurgery and AVMs", "Cyberknife and AVMs" and "Radiation therapy and AVMs." The median follow-up was 41 months. The median AVM volume was 2.62 cm3. The incidence of obliteration was 59% at 3 years. Regarding toxicity, 92% of patients remained symptom-free, 66% developed radiogenic edema on MRI, and none developed radionecrosis. Forty-one patients (85%) had embolization prior to SRS. Our study was incorporated in an exhaustive review of 25 trials categorized by SRS technique. In this review, the median follow-up was 60 months. The median nidus volume was 2 cm3. The median overall obliteration rate for SRS was 68% (range 36 to 92). The median embolization rate prior to SRS was 31% (range 8.23 to 90). Compared to other studies, tolerability was excellent and the obliteration rate was acceptable but probably affected by the high embolization rate prior to radiosurgery. Our study suggests that a higher dose is feasible. A larger cohort with a longer follow-up period will be needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness, and subsequently validate different prognosis and predictive scores with this treatment modality to maximize the benefits of this technology for selected patients in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Feutren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Andres Huertas
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Julia Salleron
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Management, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - René Anxionnat
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Central CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Serge Bracard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Central CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Central CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Didier Peiffert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Valérie Bernier-Chastagner
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Avenue de Bourgogne, 54519, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Peres CMA, Souza ECD, Teixeira MJ, Figueiredo EG, Caldas JGM. Impact of Associated Nidal Lesions in Outcome of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations After Radiosurgery with or without Embolization. World Neurosurg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Meling TR. To treat or not to treat brain AVMs-that's still the question. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:1451-1454. [PMID: 28523423 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Microsurgery for intracranial arteriovenous malformation: Long-term outcomes in 445 patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174325. [PMID: 28323878 PMCID: PMC5360342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) poses challenges to the cerebrovascular specialists. OBJECTIVE To review the long-term outcomes of intracranial AVMs treated with microsurgical resections. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 445 patients with intracranial AVMs treated in our hospital from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2014. The extracted data included demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grades, Supplemented Spetzler-Martin (SM-Supp) Grades, treatment modalities, long-term outcomes, and obliteration rates. Outcome was assessed with a post-operative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at the last follow-up visit. RESULTS Of the 445 patients treated with microsurgery, 298 (67.0%) patients initially presented with hemorrhage. Based on the SM grading system, the patients were graded as follows: 83(18.6%) Grade I, 156(35.1%) Grade II, 132(29.7%) Grade III, 61(13.7%) Grade IV and 13(2.9%) Grade V. Overall, 344(77.3%) patients had a favorable outcome (mRS score of 0-2). The favorable outcome for Grade I and II were 92.8% and 85.9%, respectively, sharply reducing to 52.5% in patients with Grade IV and 15.4% in patients with Grade V AVMs. 388(87.2%) patients achieved complete obliteration of the AVMs. 63(14.2%) patients experienced recurrent hemorrhage, and the frequency of rehemorrhage was highest in Grade V patients (77.0%), dropping to 3.6% and 3.8% in patients with Grade I and II lesions, respectively. Permanent neurological deficits occurred in 66(14.8%) patients and death in 35(7.9%) patients. There was no difference of AUROC values between SM grading system and SM-supp grading system (0.726 and 0.734, respectively, p = .715). CONCLUSION The Spetzler-Martin grading system is a simple and effective method to estimate the risk of surgery and to evaluate the prognosis. Microsurgical resection for AVMs depends on the SM grades, and the morbidity-mortality rate increases with an increasing SM grade.
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Nagy G, Grainger A, Hodgson TJ, Rowe JG, Coley SC, Kemeny AA, Radatz MW. Staged-Volume Radiosurgery of Large Arteriovenous Malformations Improves Outcome by Reducing the Rate of Adverse Radiation Effects. Neurosurgery 2017; 80:180-192. [DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The treatment of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains challenging. Recently, staged-volume radiosurgery (SVRS) has become an option.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of SVRS on large AVMs with our historical, single-stage radiosurgery (SSRS) series.
METHODS: We have been prospectively collecting data of patients treated by SVRS since 2007. There were 84 patients who had a median age of 37 years (range, 9-62 years) who were treated until July 2013. The outcomes of 76 of those who had follow-ups available were analyzed and compared with the outcomes of 122 patients treated with the best SSRS technique.
RESULTS: There were 21.5% of AVMs that were deep seated, and 44% presented with hemorrhage resulting in 45% fixed neurological deficit. There were 14% of patients who had undergone embolization before radiosurgery. The median nidus treatment volume was 19.7 cm3 (6.65-68.7) and 17.5 Gy (13-22.5) prescription isodose was given. Of the 44 lesions having radiological follow-up at 4 years, 61.4% were completely obliterated. Previous embolization (50% with and 63% without) and higher Spetzler-Martin grades appeared to be the negative factors in successful obliteration, but treatment volume was not. Within 3 years after radiosurgery, the annual bleed rates of unruptured and previously ruptured AVMs were 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively. Three bleeds were fatal and 2 resulted in significant modified Rankin scale 3 morbidity. These rates differ little from SSRS. Temporary adverse radiation effects (AREs) did not change significantly, but permanent AREs dropped from 15% to 6.5% (P = .03) compared with SSRS.
CONCLUSION: Obliteration and hemorrhage rates of large AVMs treated by SVRS are similar to historical SSRS. However, SVRS offers a lower rate of AREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Nagy
- National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alison Grainger
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Hodgson
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy G. Rowe
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Thornbury Radiosurgery Centre, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart C. Coley
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthias W.R. Radatz
- National Centre for Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Thornbury Radiosurgery Centre, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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[Treatment of brain AVMS (TOBAS): A randomized controlled trial and registry]. Neurochirurgie 2016; 62:197-202. [PMID: 27236732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The management of unruptured and ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains controversial. The Treatment of Brain AVM Study (TOBAS) was designed to assess curative treatments in the management of AVMs. The purpose of our study is to provide a care trial context to brain AVM patients. METHODS TOBAS is a pragmatic, prospective study including 2 randomized controlled trials and a registry. All AVM patients can be recruited. The preferred management modality will be predetermined prior to randomization by the team based on clinical judgment. Patients eligible for both conservative and interventional management will be randomly allocated conservative or curative treatment. Randomization will be stratified by a treatment modality (surgery, radiosurgery or embolization) and minimized according to a history of previous rupture and Spetzler-Martin grade. A second randomization will allocate eligible patients to embolization/no embolization prior to surgery or radiosurgery. The primary outcome of the study is death (any cause) or disabling stroke (mRS>2) at 10 years. All patients managed according to clinical judgment alone will be included in the registry. The study is registered under: wwwTrials.gov, ID: NCT02098252. EXPECTED RESULTS A minimum recruitment of 540 patients is required to show that treatment can reduce the primary outcome by 10 % (from 25 to 15 %); 440 patients will be needed to show a 10 % increase in angiographic occlusion for a good clinical outcome with pre-embolization. CONCLUSION The trial is designed to offer optimal and verifiable care to patients with brain AVMs in spite of the uncertainty. We are currently seeking the participation of multiple centers.
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Morgenstern PF, Hoffman CE, Kocharian G, Singh R, Stieg PE, Souweidane MM. Postoperative imaging for detection of recurrent arteriovenous malformations in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 17:134-140. [PMID: 26517058 DOI: 10.3171/2015.6.peds14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The optimal method for detecting recurrent arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in children is unknown. An inherent preference exists for MR angiography (MRA) surveillance rather than arteriography. The validity of this strategy is uncertain. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients treated for cerebral AVMs at a single institution from 1998 to 2012. Patients with complete obliteration of the AVM nidus after treatment and more than 12 months of follow-up were included in the analysis. Data collection focused on recurrence rates, associated risk factors, and surveillance methods. RESULTS A total of 45 patients with a mean age of 11.7 years (range 0.5-18 years) were treated for AVMs via surgical, endovascular, radiosurgical, or combined approaches. Total AVM obliteration on posttreatment digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was confirmed in 27 patients, of whom the 20 with more than 12 months of follow-up were included in subsequent analysis. The mean follow-up duration in this cohort was 5.75 years (median 5.53 years, range 1.11-10.64 years). Recurrence occurred in 3 of 20 patients (15%). Two recurrences were detected by surveillance DSA and 1 at the time of rehemorrhage. No recurrences were detected by MRA. Median time to recurrence was 33.6 months (range 19-71 months). Two patients (10%) underwent follow-up DSA, 5 (25%) had DSA and MRI/MRA, 9 (45%) had MRI/MRA only, 1 (5%) had CT angiography only, and 3 (15%) had no imaging within the first 3 years of follow-up. After 5 years posttreatment, 2 patients (10%) were followed with MRI/MRA only, 2 (10%) with DSA only, and 10 (50%) with continued DSA and MRI/MRA. CONCLUSIONS AVM recurrence in children occurred at a median of 33.6 months, when MRA was more commonly used for surveillance, but failed to detect any recurrences. A recurrence rate of 15% may be an underestimate given the reliance on surveillance MRA over angiography. A new surveillance strategy is proposed, taking into account exposure to diagnostic radiation and the potential for catastrophic rehemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Morgenstern
- Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center; and
| | - Caitlin E Hoffman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center; and
| | | | | | - Philip E Stieg
- Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center; and.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center; and.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Paldor I, Drummond KJ, Awad M, Sufaro YZ, Kaye AH. Is a wake-up call in order? Review of the evidence for awake craniotomy. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 23:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Park MH, Kim CM, Chung DY, Paeng JY. Glossectomy in the severe maxillofacial vascular malformation with jaw deformity: a rare case report. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 37:42. [PMID: 26609517 PMCID: PMC4646916 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-015-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of oral-maxillofacial surgery, vascular malformations present in various forms. Abnormalities in the size of the tongue by vascular malformations can cause mandibular prognathism and skeletal deformity. The risk in surgical treatment for patients with vascular malformation is high, due to bleeding from vascular lesions. We report a rare case of macroglossia that was treated by partial glossectomy, resulting in an improvement in the swallowing and mastication functions in the patient. A 25-year-old male patient with severe open-bite and mandibular prognathism presented to our department for the management of macroglossia. The patient had a difficulty in food intake because of the large tongue. Orthognathic surgery was not indicated because the patient had severe jaw bone destruction and alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, the patient underwent partial glossectomy under general anesthesia. There was severe hemorrhaging during the surgery, but the bleeding was controlled by local procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyeog Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Man Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Chung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Paeng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 2175 Dalgubeoldae-ro, Daegu, 700-705 Korea
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Pabaney AH, Reinard KA, Kole MK, Seyfried DM, Malik GM. Management of arteriovenous malformations in the elderly: a single-center case series and analysis of outcomes. J Neurosurg 2015; 125:145-51. [PMID: 26587653 DOI: 10.3171/2015.6.jns15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) in the elderly remains a challenge for cerebrovascular surgeons. In this study the authors reviewed the patient characteristics, treatments, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes in 28 patients over 65 years of age who were treated at Henry Ford Hospital between 1990 and 2014. METHODS The bAVM database at the authors' institution was queried for records of elderly patients with bAVMs, and data regarding patient demographics, presenting symptoms, bAVM angioarchitecture, treatment modalities, angiographic results, clinical outcomes, and treatment complications were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS There were 9 male (32%) and 19 female (68%) patients, with an average age ( ± SD) of 73.0 ± 6.95 years. The most common symptoms on presentation were hemorrhage (36%) and headaches (18%). The bAVMs were equally distributed between the supra- and infratentorial compartments. The most common Spetzler-Martin grade was II, observed in 57% of the patients. Eleven patients (39.3%) underwent resection, 4 patients (14.3%) received standalone radiation therapy, and 13 patients (46%) did not receive treatment or were managed expectantly. Four patients (14.3%) were lost to follow-up. Complete bAVM obliteration was achieved in 87% of the treated patients. None of the patients who received any form of treatment died; the overall mortality rate was 3.6%. CONCLUSIONS Surgical management of bAVMs in the elderly can result in complete obliteration and acceptable clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqueel H Pabaney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kevin A Reinard
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Max K Kole
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Donald M Seyfried
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ghaus M Malik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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Darsaut TE, Magro E, Gentric JC, Batista AL, Chaalala C, Roberge D, Bojanowski MW, Weill A, Roy D, Raymond J. Treatment of Brain AVMs (TOBAS): study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:497. [PMID: 26530856 PMCID: PMC4632683 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-1019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) patients remains controversial. Furthermore, curative attempts to treat ruptured AVM patients have not been questioned so far, and there is a lack of prospective data on clinical results according to treatment modality. Endovascular treatment is often used aiming to improve the safety or efficacy of surgery or radiation therapy, but benefits have never been documented in a trial. A care trial context is needed to evaluate interventions at the same time they are practised. Methods/Trial design TOBAS is a pragmatic, prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial and registry which offers a care trial context for brain AVM patients, including surgical resection, radiosurgery or endovascular embolization, alone or combined. The study includes two RCTs and a multimodality prospective registry. The objectives of the proposed study are to assess whether preventive interventions (surgery, embolization, radiation therapy, alone or combined), selected by the local treatment team and performed as locally practiced, randomly allocated and compared with conservative management, in unruptured brain AVM patients eligible for active or conservative management, can improve the proportion of patients having an independent outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) < 3, as assessed by a standardized questionnaire administered by non-masked care personnel) at 10 years. All patients judged ineligible for randomized allocation are to be entered in a multimodal registry. The objective of a nested trial in patients with ruptured or unruptured AVMs to be treated by surgery or radiation therapy, is to assess whether pre-surgical or pre-radiation embolization, randomly allocated and compared with no embolization, can improve the proportion of patients with complete eradication of the AVM, as locally adjudicated, combined with a good clinical outcome (mRS < 3). The study will require up to 2000 patients in approximately 30 centers or more, followed for 10 years. TOBAS is registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02098252 as of 25 March 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1019-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E Darsaut
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta Hospital, Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Elsa Magro
- Department of Surgery, Service of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Service de Neurochirurgie, CHU Cavale Blanche, INSERM UMR 1101 LaTIM, Brest, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Gentric
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Interventional Neuroradiology (NRI), 1560 Sherbrooke East, Pavillion Simard, room Z12909, Montreal, QC, H2L 4 M1, Canada. .,Service de Radiologie, CHU Cavale Blanche, EA 3878 GETBO, Brest, France.
| | - André Lima Batista
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Interventional Neuroradiology (NRI), 1560 Sherbrooke East, Pavillion Simard, room Z12909, Montreal, QC, H2L 4 M1, Canada.
| | - Chiraz Chaalala
- Department of Surgery, Service of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - David Roberge
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Michel W Bojanowski
- Department of Surgery, Service of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alain Weill
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Interventional Neuroradiology (NRI), 1560 Sherbrooke East, Pavillion Simard, room Z12909, Montreal, QC, H2L 4 M1, Canada.
| | - Daniel Roy
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Interventional Neuroradiology (NRI), 1560 Sherbrooke East, Pavillion Simard, room Z12909, Montreal, QC, H2L 4 M1, Canada.
| | - Jean Raymond
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Notre-Dame Hospital, Interventional Neuroradiology (NRI), 1560 Sherbrooke East, Pavillion Simard, room Z12909, Montreal, QC, H2L 4 M1, Canada.
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Reinard KA, Pabaney AH, Basheer A, Phillips SB, Kole MK, Malik GM. Surgical Management of Giant Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: A Single Center Experience over 32 years. World Neurosurg 2015; 84:1765-78. [PMID: 26232210 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of giant intracranial arteriovenous malformations (gAVMs) is a formidable challenge for neurosurgeons and carries significant morbidity and mortality rates for patients compared with smaller AVMs. In this study, we reviewed the treatments, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes in 64 patients with gAVMs who were treated at Henry Ford Hospital between 1980 and 2012. METHODS The arteriovenous malformation (AVM) database at our institution was queried for patients with gAVMs (≥ 6 cm) and data regarding patient demographics, presentation, AVM angioarchitecture, and treatments were collected. Functional outcomes as well as complications were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 64 patients, 33 (51.6%) were female and 31 (48.4%) were male, with an average age of 45.7 years (SD ± 15.5). The most common symptoms on presentation were headaches (50%), seizures (50%), and hemorrhage (41%). The mean AVM size was 6.65 cm (range, 6-9 cm). Only 6 AVMs (9.4%) were located in the posterior fossa. The most common Spetzler-Martin grade was V, seen in 64% of patients. Of the 64 patients, 42 (66%) underwent surgical excision, 10 (15.5%) declined any treatment, 8 (12.5%) were deemed inoperable and followed conservatively, 2 (3%) had stand-alone embolization, 1 (1.5%) had embolization before stereotactic radiosurgery, and 1 (1.5%) received stereotactic radiosurgery only. Complete obliteration was achieved in 90% of the surgical patients. Mortality rate was 19% in the surgical cohort compared with 22% in the observation cohort (P = 0.770). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of gAVMs carries significant morbidity and mortality; however, good outcomes are attainable with a multimodal treatment approach in carefully selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Reinard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aqueel H Pabaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Azam Basheer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott B Phillips
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Brooks Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Max K Kole
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ghaus M Malik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Brain AVMs: an endovascular, surgical, and radiosurgical update. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:834931. [PMID: 25401156 PMCID: PMC4221901 DOI: 10.1155/2014/834931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are complex vascular lesions. Despite multiple studies, several classifications, and a great interest of the scientific community, case selection in AVM patients remains challenging. During the last few years, tremendous advancements widened therapeutic options and improved outcomes spreading indications for patients harboring lesions deemed inoperable in the past. Anatomical and biological case specific features, and natural history with a focus on presenting symptoms should be evaluated case by case and always kept in mind while planning a therapeutic management for a bAVMs. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended when dealing with bAVMs and should involve physicians expertise in this kind of challenging lesions. The goal of this paper is to provide a focused review of the most recent acquisitions and therapeutic strategies regarding surgical, endovascular, and radiosurgical treatment.
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Potts MB, Zumofen DW, Raz E, Nelson PK, Riina HA. Curing arteriovenous malformations using embolization. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 37:E19. [DOI: 10.3171/2014.6.focus14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endovascular embolization is typically reserved as an adjuvant therapy in the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), either for preoperative devascularization or preradiosurgical volume reduction. Curative embolization plays a limited role in AVM treatment but several studies have shown that it is possible, especially with later-generation liquid embolic agents. Given the complexity of AVM anatomy and the recent controversies over the role of any intervention in AVM management, it is critical that the cerebrovascular community better define the indications of each treatment modality to provide quality AVM management. In this review, the authors evaluate the role of curative AVM embolization. Important considerations in the feasibility of curative AVM embolization include whether it can be performed reliably and safely, and whether it is a durable cure. Studies over the past 20 years have begun to define the anatomical factors that are amenable to complete endovascular occlusion, including size, feeding artery anatomy, AVM morphology, and endovascular accessibility. More recent studies have shown that highly selected patients with AVMs can be treated with curative intent, leading to occlusion rates as high as 100% of such prospectively identified lesions with minimal morbidity. Advances in endovascular technology and techniques that support the efficacy and safety of curative embolization are discussed, as is the importance of superselective diagnostic angiography. Finally, the durability of curative embolization is analyzed. Overall, while still unproven, endovascular embolization has the potential to be a safe, effective, and durable curative treatment for select AVMs, broadening the armamentarium with which one can treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Potts
- 1 Departments of Neurological Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- 2 Departments of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel W. Zumofen
- 1 Departments of Neurological Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- 2 Departments of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Eytan Raz
- 2 Departments of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter K. Nelson
- 1 Departments of Neurological Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- 2 Departments of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Howard A. Riina
- 1 Departments of Neurological Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
- 2 Departments of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, and Bernard and Irene Schwartz Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Kondziolka D. How radiosurgery changed neurosurgery and the changes that lie ahead. Neurosurgery 2014; 61 Suppl 1:69-73. [PMID: 25032533 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kang J, Huang J, Gailloud P, Rigamonti D, Lim M, Bernard V, Ehtiati T, Ford EC. Planning evaluation of C-arm cone beam CT angiography for target delineation in stereotactic radiation surgery of brain arteriovenous malformations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 90:430-7. [PMID: 25015197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic radiation surgery (SRS) is one of the therapeutic modalities currently available to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Conventionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are used in combination to identify the target volume for SRS treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of C-arm cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the treatment planning of SRS for cerebral AVMs. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sixteen consecutive patients treated for brain AVMs at our institution were included in this retrospective study. Prior to treatment, all patients underwent MRA, DSA, and C-arm CBCT. All images were coregistered using the GammaPlan planning system. AVM regions were delineated independently by 2 physicians using either C-arm CBCT or MRA, resulting in 2 volumes: a CBCT volume (VCBCT) and an MRA volume (VMRA). SRS plans were generated based on the delineated regions. RESULTS The average volume of treatment targets delineated using C-arm CBCT and MRA were similar, 6.40 cm(3) and 6.98 cm(3), respectively (P=.82). However, significant regions of nonoverlap existed. On average, the overlap of the MRA with the C-arm CBCT was only 52.8% of the total volume. In most cases, radiation plans based on VMRA did not provide adequate dose to the region identified on C-arm CBCT; the mean minimum dose to VCBCT was 29.5%, whereas the intended goal was 45% (P<.001). The mean volume of normal brain receiving 12 Gy or more in C-arm CBCT-based plans was not greater than in the MRA-based plans. CONCLUSIONS Use of C-arm CBCT images significantly alters the delineated regions of AVMs for SRS planning, compared to that of MRA/MRI images. CT-based planning can be accomplished without increasing the dose to normal brain and may represent a more accurate definition of the nidus, increasing the chances for successful obliteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Abington Memorial Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Philippe Gailloud
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniele Rigamonti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Eric C Ford
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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