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Sejben A, Vörös A, Golan A, Zombori T, Cserni G. The Added Value of SOX10 Immunohistochemistry to Other Breast Markers in Identifying Cytokeratin 5-Positive Triple Negative Breast Cancers as of Mammary Origin. Pathobiology 2021; 88:228-233. [PMID: 33567441 DOI: 10.1159/000512006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a specific group that lacks the expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and might also lack the expression other breast markers like GATA3, mammaglobin (MG), GCDFP15 (growth cystic disease fluid protein 15), and NYBR1; when this occurs, proving the breast origin of a metastasis is a challenging task. In the present study, we assessed the added value of SOX10 immunohistochemistry to known GATA3, MG, GCDFP15, and NY-BR-1 statuses in a series of CK5-positive primary TNBCs. METHODS Tissue microarrays were made from the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks of 120 TNBCs, and 3-4-mm-thick sections were immunostained for SOX10. The cut-off for a positive reaction was at least 10% of tumor cells staining. RESULTS In our cohort, SOX10 positivity was seen in 82/119 cases, 61, 74, 76, and 82 all of which were GATA3, MG, GCDFP15, and NY-BR-1 negative, respectively. Of the SOX10 negative cases, 12 stained with at least another breast marker. Nevertheless, 25/119 (21%) cases remained negative with all markers assessed. DISCUSSION SOX10 proved to be the most commonly positive breast marker in our CK5 expressing TNBCs, but the other markers also had some additive value to SOX10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Sejben
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,
| | - András Vörös
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Arbel Golan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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Soto J, Ding X, Wang A, Li S. Neural crest-like stem cells for tissue regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:681-693. [PMID: 33533168 PMCID: PMC8046096 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are a transient population of cells that arise during early vertebrate development and harbor stem cell properties, such as self‐renewal and multipotency. These cells form at the interface of non‐neuronal ectoderm and neural tube and undergo extensive migration whereupon they contribute to a diverse array of cell and tissue derivatives, ranging from craniofacial tissues to cells of the peripheral nervous system. Neural crest‐like stem cells (NCLSCs) can be derived from pluripotent stem cells, placental tissues, adult tissues, and somatic cell reprogramming. NCLSCs have a differentiation capability similar to NCSCs, and possess great potential for regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we present recent developments on the various approaches to derive NCLSCs and the therapeutic application of these cells for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xili Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Motohashi T, Kawamura N, Watanabe N, Kitagawa D, Goshima N, Kunisada T. Sox10 Functions as an Inducer of the Direct Conversion of Keratinocytes Into Neural Crest Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1510-1519. [PMID: 33040687 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are highly migratory multipotent cells that play critical roles in embryogenesis. The generation of NCCs is controlled by various transcription factors (TFs) that are regulated by each other and combine to form a regulatory network. We previously reported that the conversion of mouse fibroblasts into NCCs was achieved by the overexpression of only one TF, Sox10; therefore, Sox10 may be a powerful inducer of the conversion of NCCs. We herein investigated whether Sox10 functions in the direct conversion of other somatic cells into NCCs. Sox10 directly converted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells, but not keratinocytes, into P75+ NCCs. However, by the co-expression of four TFs (Snail1, Snail2, Twist1, and Tcfap2a) that are involved in NCC generation, but unable convert cells into NCCs, Sox10 converted keratinocytes into P75+ NCCs. P75+ NCCs mainly differentiated into glial cells, and to a lesser extent into neuronal cells. On the other hand, when Sox10 was expressed after the four TF expression, which mimicked the expression order in in vivo NCC generation, it converted keratinocytes into multipotent NCCs. These results demonstrate that Sox10 functions as an inducer of direct conversion into NCCs in cooperation with the TFs involved in NCC generation. The sequence of expression of the inducer and cooperative factors is important for the conversion of somatic cells into bona fide target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Motohashi
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Norito Kawamura
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitagawa
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kunisada
- Department of Tissue and Organ Development, Regeneration, and Advanced Medical Science, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Stuepp RT, Modolo F, Trentin AG, Garcez RC, Biz MT. HNK1 and Sox10 are present during repair of mandibular bone defects. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:619-625. [PMID: 32362205 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1744728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest cells possess characteristics of stem cells including plasticity and ability to differentiate into various cell types. HNK1 and Sox10 are markers of neural crest cell progenitors that have been demonstrated in osteoblasts during osteogenesis of the maxilla and mandible. We investigated the presence of Sox10 and HNK1 during regeneration of mandibular bone defects. Defects were created in mandibles of rats. Samples of these defects were collected at 7, 14 and 28 days post-surgery; bone regeneration was observed during this period. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of HNK1 and Sox10 in osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteogenic cells, whereas osteoclasts were unstained. HNK1 expression was increased in osteoblasts and osteocytes over time and SOX10 expression was found in osteoblasts and osteogenic cells at 7, 14 and 28 days post-surgery. HNK1 and Sox10 are present in osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteogenic cells during mandible bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Stuepp
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Brazil.,Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - F Modolo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, Brazil.,Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - A G Trentin
- Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics Department and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - R C Garcez
- Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics Department and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - M T Biz
- Morphology Sciences Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianopolis, Brazil
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Abstract
Neural crest cells are the embryonic precursors of most neurons and all glia of the peripheral nervous system, pigment cells, some endocrine components, and connective tissue of the head, face, neck, and heart. Following induction, crest cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition that enables them to migrate along specific pathways culminating in their phenotypic differentiation. Researching this unique embryonic population has revealed important understandings of basic biological and developmental principles. These principles are likely to assist in clarifying the etiology and help in finding strategies for the treatment of neural crest diseases, collectively termed neurocristopathies. The progress achieved in neural crest research is made feasible thanks to the continuous development of species-specific in vivo and in vitro paradigms and more recently the possibility to produce neural crest cells and specific derivatives from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells. All of the above assist us in elucidating mechanisms that regulate neural crest development using state-of-the art cellular, molecular, and imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are multipotent cells that emerge from the edges of the neural folds and extensively migrate throughout developing embryos. Dorsolaterally migrating NCCs colonize skin, differentiate into skin melanocytes, and lose their multipotency. Multipotent NCCs or NCCs derived multipotent stem cells (MSCs) were recently detected in their migrated locations, including skin, despite restrictions in cell fate acquisition following migration. Since many features of NCCs have yet to be revealed, the novel properties of NCCs represent an important and interesting field in stem cell biology. We previously reported the direct conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into NCCs by the forced expression of the transcription factors C-MYC, KLF4, and SOX10. We herein describe the methods employed for direct conversion: retrovirus infection for the forced expression of transcription factors, a flow cytometry-sorting method for the isolation of converted NCCs, and culture methods for the maintenance and differentiation of the converted NCCs.
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Yoo J, Lee E, Kim HY, Youn DH, Jung J, Kim H, Chang Y, Lee W, Shin J, Baek S, Jang W, Jun W, Kim S, Hong J, Park HJ, Lengner CJ, Moh SH, Kwon Y, Kim J. Electromagnetized gold nanoparticles mediate direct lineage reprogramming into induced dopamine neurons in vivo for Parkinson's disease therapy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:1006-1014. [PMID: 28737745 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are physical energy fields generated by electrically charged objects, and specific ranges of EMF can influence numerous biological processes, which include the control of cell fate and plasticity. In this study, we show that electromagnetized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of specific EMF conditions facilitate an efficient direct lineage reprogramming to induced dopamine neurons in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, electromagnetic stimulation leads to a specific activation of the histone acetyltransferase Brd2, which results in histone H3K27 acetylation and a robust activation of neuron-specific genes. In vivo dopaminergic neuron reprogramming by EMF stimulation of AuNPs efficiently and non-invasively alleviated symptoms in mouse Parkinson's disease models. This study provides a proof of principle for EMF-based in vivo lineage conversion as a potentially viable and safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsang Yoo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus program), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiyeon Lee
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 45158, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Youn
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol Boulevard, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Jung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 188-26, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongwon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus program), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujung Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus program), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jaein Shin
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus program), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonbong Baek
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus program), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol Boulevard, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol Boulevard, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Kyonggi-do 456-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Studies of Translational Acupuncture Research (STAR), Acupuncture &Meridian Science Research Center (AMSRC), Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- BIO-FD&C Co. 509-511, Smart Valley A, 30 Songdomirai-ro, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngeun Kwon
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering (BK21 plus program), Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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