1
|
Cuesta-Hernández HN, Contreras J, Soriano-Maldonado P, Sánchez-Wandelmer J, Yeung W, Martín-Hurtado A, Muñoz IG, Kannan N, Llimargas M, Muñoz J, Plaza-Menacho I. An allosteric switch between the activation loop and a c-terminal palindromic phospho-motif controls c-Src function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6548. [PMID: 37848415 PMCID: PMC10582172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophosphorylation controls the transition between discrete functional and conformational states in protein kinases, yet the structural and molecular determinants underlying this fundamental process remain unclear. Here we show that c-terminal Tyr 530 is a de facto c-Src autophosphorylation site with slow time-resolution kinetics and a strong intermolecular component. On the contrary, activation-loop Tyr 419 undergoes faster kinetics and a cis-to-trans phosphorylation switch that controls c-terminal Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, enzyme specificity, and strikingly, c-Src non-catalytic function as a substrate. In line with this, we visualize by X-ray crystallography a snapshot of Tyr 530 intermolecular autophosphorylation. In an asymmetric arrangement of both catalytic domains, a c-terminal palindromic phospho-motif flanking Tyr 530 on the substrate molecule engages the G-loop of the active kinase adopting a position ready for entry into the catalytic cleft. Perturbation of the phospho-motif accounts for c-Src dysfunction as indicated by viral and colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated c-terminal deleted variants. We show that c-terminal residues 531 to 536 are required for c-Src Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, and such a detrimental effect is caused by the substrate molecule inhibiting allosterically the active kinase. Our work reveals a crosstalk between the activation and c-terminal segments that control the allosteric interplay between substrate- and enzyme-acting kinases during autophosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hipólito Nicolás Cuesta-Hernández
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Contreras
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Soriano-Maldonado
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jana Sánchez-Wandelmer
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ana Martín-Hurtado
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés G Muñoz
- Protein Crystallography Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marta Llimargas
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IMBB) CSIC, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, IIS Biocruces Bizkaia, Building Biocruces Bizkaia 1, 48903, Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iván Plaza-Menacho
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pütz SM, Kram J, Rauh E, Kaiser S, Toews R, Lueningschroer-Wang Y, Rieger D, Raabe T. Loss of p21-activated kinase Mbt/PAK4 causes Parkinson-like phenotypes in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm047811. [PMID: 34125184 PMCID: PMC8246267 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) provokes bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and postural instability, and also non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep and cognitive impairments. Similar phenotypes can be induced in Drosophila melanogaster through modification of PD-relevant genes or the administration of PD-inducing toxins. Recent studies correlated deregulation of human p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) with PD, leaving open the question of a causative relationship of mutations in this gene for manifestation of PD symptoms. To determine whether flies lacking the PAK4 homolog Mushroom bodies tiny (Mbt) show PD-like phenotypes, we tested for a variety of PD criteria. Here, we demonstrate that mbt mutant flies show PD-like phenotypes including age-dependent movement deficits, reduced life expectancy and fragmented sleep. They also react to a stressful situation with higher immobility, indicating an influence of Mbt on emotional behavior. Loss of Mbt function has a negative effect on the number of dopaminergic protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) neurons, most likely caused by a proliferation defect of neural progenitors. The age-dependent movement deficits are not accompanied by a corresponding further loss of PAM neurons. Previous studies highlighted the importance of a small PAM subgroup for age-dependent PD motor impairments. We show that impaired motor skills are caused by a lack of Mbt in this PAM subgroup. In addition, a broader re-expression of Mbt in PAM neurons improves life expectancy. Conversely, selective Mbt knockout in the same cells shortens lifespan. We conclude that mutations in Mbt/PAK4 can play a causative role in the development of PD phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Pütz
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jette Kram
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Rauh
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Kaiser
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Romy Toews
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yi Lueningschroer-Wang
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Rieger
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Raabe
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|