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Chung IH, Huang YS, Fang TH, Chen CH. Whole Genome Sequencing Revealed Inherited Rare Oligogenic Variants Contributing to Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder in Two Families. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11777. [PMID: 37511534 PMCID: PMC10380944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and affective disorder are two major complex mental disorders with high heritability. Evidence shows that rare variants with significant clinical impacts contribute to the genetic liability of these two disorders. Also, rare variants associated with schizophrenia and affective disorders are highly personalized; each patient may carry different variants. We used whole genome sequencing analysis to study the genetic basis of two families with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. We did not detect de novo, autosomal dominant, or recessive pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with psychiatric disorders in these two families. Nevertheless, we identified multiple rare inherited variants with unknown significance in the probands. In family 1, with singleton schizophrenia, we detected four rare variants in genes implicated in schizophrenia, including p.Arg1627Trp of LAMA2, p.Pro1338Ser of CSMD1, p.Arg691Gly of TLR4, and Arg182X of AGTR2. The p.Arg691Gly of TLR4 was inherited from the father, while the other three were inherited from the mother. In family 2, with two affected sisters diagnosed with major depressive disorder, we detected three rare variants shared by the two sisters in three genes implicated in affective disorders, including p.Ala4551Gly of FAT1, p.Val231Leu of HOMER3, and p.Ile185Met of GPM6B. These three rare variants were assumed to be inherited from their parents. Prompted by these findings, we suggest that these rare inherited variants may interact with each other and lead to psychiatric conditions in these two families. Our observations support the conclusion that inherited rare variants may contribute to the heritability of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hang Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Brabec JL, Ouardouz M, Mahoney JM, Scott RC, Hernan AE. Differential regulation of gene expression pathways with dexamethasone and ACTH after early life seizures. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105873. [PMID: 36152945 PMCID: PMC10048589 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life seizures (ELS) are associated with persistent cognitive deficits such as ADHD and memory impairment. These co-morbidities have a dramatic negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Therapies that improve cognitive outcomes have enormous potential to improve patients' quality of life. Our previous work in a rat flurothyl-induction model showed that administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) at time of seizure induction led to improved learning and memory in the animals despite no effect on seizure latency or duration. Administration of dexamethasone (Dex), a corticosteroid, did not have the same positive effect on learning and memory and has even been shown to exacerbate injury in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We hypothesized that ACTH exerted positive effects on cognitive outcomes through beneficial changes to gene expression and proposed that administration of ACTH at seizure induction would return gene-expression in the brain towards the normal pattern of expression in the Control animals whereas Dex would not. Twenty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into vehicle- Control, and ACTH-, Dex-, and vehicle- ELS. Rat pups were subjected to 60 flurothyl seizures from P5 to P14. After seizure induction, brains were removed and the hippocampus and PFC were dissected, RNA was extracted and sequenced, and differential expression analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations. Differential expression analysis showed that ACTH pushes gene expression in the brain back to a more normal state of expression through enrichment of pathways involved in supporting homeostatic balance and down-regulating pathways that might contribute to excitotoxic cell-damage post-ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Brabec
- University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.
| | - Mohamed Ouardouz
- Nemours Children's Health, Division of Neuroscience, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - J Matthew Mahoney
- University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA; The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Rod C Scott
- Nemours Children's Health, Division of Neuroscience, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Neurosciences Unit University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; University of Delaware, Psychological and Brain Sciences, South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Amanda E Hernan
- Nemours Children's Health, Division of Neuroscience, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; University of Delaware, Psychological and Brain Sciences, South College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Hernando-Davalillo C, Martín AAS, Borregan Prats M, Ortigoza-Escobar JD. De novo 4q35.2 duplication containing FAT1 is associated with autism spectrum disorder. Clin Genet 2022; 102:434-437. [PMID: 35861186 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have established a connection between FAT1 (FAT atypical cadherin 1) deletion and variants and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we describe a 7-year-old girl who sought a neurology consultation in order to be evaluated for ASD and was found to have a de novo 4q35.2 duplication containing the FAT1 gene. Similar to other reported cases of FAT1 variants or deletion, this patient exhibits non-syndromic ASD without facial dysmorphism or brain MRI abnormalities. We suggest also considering FAT1 duplication as a potential ASD cause. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernando-Davalillo
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Institute of Rare Diseases, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Alcalá San Martín
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Institute of Rare Diseases, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Borregan Prats
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Institute of Rare Diseases, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Child Neurology, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu.,U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
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