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Gafner M, Garel C, Leibovitz Z, Valence S, Krajden Haratz K, Oegema R, Mancini GMS, Heron D, Bueltmann E, Burglen L, Rodriguez D, Huisman TAGM, Lequin MH, Arad A, Kidron D, Muqary M, Gindes L, Lev D, Boltshauser E, Lerman-Sagie T. Medullary Tegmental Cap Dysplasia: Fetal and Postnatal Presentations of a Unique Brainstem Malformation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:334-340. [PMID: 36822823 PMCID: PMC10187821 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Medullary tegmental cap dysplasia is a rare brainstem malformation, first described and defined by James Barkovich in his book Pediatric Neuroimaging from 2005 as an anomalous mass protruding from the posterior medullary surface. We describe the neuroimaging, clinical, postmortem, and genetic findings defining this unique malformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a multicenter, international, retrospective study. We assessed the patients' medical records, prenatal ultrasounds, MR images, genetic findings, and postmortem results. We reviewed the medical literature for all studies depicting medullary malformations and evaluated cases in which a dorsal medullary protuberance was described. RESULTS We collected 13 patients: 3 fetuses and 10 children. The medullary caps had multiple characteristics. Associated brain findings were a rotated position of the medulla, a small and flat pons, cerebellar anomalies, a molar tooth sign, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Systemic findings included the following: polydactyly, hallux valgus, large ears, and coarse facies. Postmortem analysis in 3 patients revealed that the cap contained either neurons or white matter tracts. We found 8 publications describing a dorsal medullary protuberance in 27 patients. The syndromic diagnosis was Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome in 11 and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in 14 patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe a series of 13 patients with medullary tegmental cap dysplasia. The cap has different shapes: distinct in Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive. Due to the variations in the clinical, imaging, and postmortem findings, we conclude that there are multiple etiologies and pathophysiology. We suggest that in some patients, the pathophysiology might be abnormal axonal guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gafner
- From the Department of Pediatrics B (M.G.), Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - C Garel
- Department of Radiology (C.G.)
- Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Z Leibovitz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Unit (Z.L.), Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - S Valence
- Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Neuropédiatrie (S.V., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - K Krajden Haratz
- Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Division of Ultrasound in ObGyn (K.K.H.), Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - G M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics (G.M.S.M.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Heron
- Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique Clinique (D.H.), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - E Bueltmann
- Institute of Diagnostic und Interventional Neuroradiology (E. Bueltmann), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Burglen
- Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Neuropédiatrie (S.V., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Rodriguez
- Reference Center for Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases (C.G., S.V., D.H., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Neuropédiatrie (S.V., L.B., D.R.), Hôpital Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - T A G M Huisman
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology (T.A.G.M.H.), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - M H Lequin
- Radiology (M.H.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Arad
- Department of Pathology (A.A.), Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - D Kidron
- Department of Pathology (D.K.), Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - M Muqary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.M.), Poriya Medical Center, Tiberias, Galilee, Israel
| | - L Gindes
- Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.G.)
| | - D Lev
- Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics (D.L.)
- Fetal Neurology Clinic (D.L., T.L.-S.)
| | - E Boltshauser
- Pediatric Neurology (Emeritus) (E. Boltshauser), Children's University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Lerman-Sagie
- Sackler Faculty ofMedicine (M.G., K.K.H., L.G., D.L., T.L.-S.), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Fetal Neurology Clinic (D.L., T.L.-S.)
- Magen Center for Rare Diseases (T.L.-S.)
- Pediatric Neurology Unit (T.L.-S.), Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Zhang H, Chinoy A, Mousavi P, Beeler A, Louie K, Collier C, Mishina Y. Elevated WNT signaling and compromised Hedgehog signaling due to Evc2 loss of function contribute to the abnormal molar patterning. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:876015. [PMID: 38606060 PMCID: PMC11007741 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.876015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia. The affected individuals bear a series of skeleton defects, congenital heart septum anomalies, midfacial defects, and dental defects. Previous studies using Evc or Evc2 mutant mice have characterized the pathological mechanism leading to various types of congenital defects. Some patients with EVC have supernumerary tooth; however, it is not known yet if there are supernumerary tooth formed in Evc or Evc2 mutant mice, and if yes, what is the pathological mechanism associated. In the present study, we used Evc2 mutant mice and analyze the pattern of molars in Evc2 mutant mice at various stages. Our studies demonstrate that Evc2 loss of function within the dental mesenchymal cells leads to abnormal molar patterning, and that the most anterior molar in the Evc2 mutant mandible represents a supernumerary tooth. Finally, we provide evidence supporting the idea that both compromised Hedgehog signaling and elevated WNT signaling due to Evc2 loss of function contributes to the supernumerary tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Afriti Chinoy
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paymon Mousavi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Aubrey Beeler
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ke’ale Louie
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Crystal Collier
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Ardura JA, Martín-Guerrero E, Heredero-Jiménez S, Gortazar AR. Primary cilia and PTH1R interplay in the regulation of osteogenic actions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:345-370. [PMID: 35953116 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are subcellular structures specialized in sensing different stimuli in a diversity of cell types. In bone, the primary cilium is involved in mechanical sensing and transduction of signals that regulate the behavior of mesenchymal osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts and osteocytes. To perform its functions, the primary cilium modulates a plethora of molecules including those stimulated by the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type I (PTH1R), a master regulator of osteogenesis. Binding of the agonists PTH or PTH-related protein (PTHrP) to the PTH1R or direct agonist-independent stimulation of the receptor activate PTH1R signaling pathways. In turn, activation of PTH1R leads to regulation of bone formation and remodeling. Herein, we describe the structure, function and molecular partners of primary cilia in the context of bone, playing special attention to those signaling pathways that are mediated directly or indirectly by PTH1R in association with primary cilia during the process of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Ardura
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Martín-Guerrero
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Heredero-Jiménez
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha R Gortazar
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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Agonists of prostaglandin E 2 receptors as potential first in class treatment for nephronophthisis and related ciliopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115960119. [PMID: 35482924 PMCID: PMC9170064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115960119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceJuvenile nephronophthisis (NPH) is a renal ciliopathy due to a dysfunction of primary cilia for which no curative treatment is available. This paper describes the identification of agonists of prostaglandin E2 receptors as a potential therapeutic approach for the most common NPHP1-associated ciliopathies. We demonstrated that prostaglandin E1 rescues defective ciliogenesis and ciliary composition in NPHP1 patient urine-derived renal tubular cells and improves ciliary and kidney phenotypes in our NPH zebrafish and Nphp1-/- mouse models. In addition, Taprenepag alleviates the severe retinopathy observed in Nphp1-/- mice. Finally, transcriptomic analyses pointed out several pathways downstream the prostaglandin receptors as cell cycle progression, extracellular matrix, or actin cytoskeleton organization. Altogether, our findings provide an alternative for treatment of NPH.
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Yamaguchi H, Kitami M, Uchima Koecklin KH, He L, Wang J, Lagor WR, Perrien DS, Komatsu Y. Temporospatial regulation of intraflagellar transport is required for the endochondral ossification in mice. Dev Biol 2021; 482:91-100. [PMID: 34929174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ciliogenic components, such as the family of intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins, are recognized to play key roles in endochondral ossification, a critical process to form most bones. However, the unique functions and roles of each IFT during endochondral ossification remain unclear. Here, we show that IFT20 is required for endochondral ossification in mice. Utilizing osteo-chondrocyte lineage-specific Cre mice (Prx1-Cre and Col2-Cre), we deleted Ift20 to examine its function. Although chondrocyte-specific Ift20 deletion with Col2-Cre mice did not cause any overt skeletal defects, mesoderm-specific Ift20 deletion using Prx1-Cre (Ift20:Prx1-Cre) mice resulted in shortened limb outgrowth. Primary cilia were absent on chondrocytes of Ift20:Prx1-Cre mice, and ciliary-mediated Hedgehog signaling was attenuated in Ift20:Prx1-Cre mice. Interestingly, loss of Ift20 also increased Fgf18 expression in the perichondrium that sustained Sox9 expression, thus preventing endochondral ossification. Inhibition of enhanced phospho-ERK1/2 activation partially rescued defective chondrogenesis in Ift20 mutant cells, supporting an important role for FGF signaling. Our findings demonstrate that IFT20 is a critical regulator of temporospatial FGF signaling that is required for endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Kitami
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel S Perrien
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30232, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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6
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Yang J, Toda Nakamura M, Hallett SA, Ueharu H, Zhang H, Kelley K, Fukuda T, Komatsu Y, Mishina Y. Generation of a new mouse line with conditionally activated signaling through the BMP receptor, ACVR1: A tool to characterize pleiotropic roles of BMP functions. Genesis 2021; 59:e23419. [PMID: 33851764 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BMP signaling plays pleiotropic roles in various tissues during embryogenesis and after birth. We have previously generated a constitutively activated Acvr1(ca-Acvr1) transgenic mouse line (line L35) through pronuclei injection to investigate impacts of enhanced BMP signaling in a tissue specific manner. However, line L35 shows a restricted expression pattern of the transgene. Here, we generated another ca-Acvr1 transgenic line, line A11, using embryonic stem (ES) transgenesis. The generated line A11 shows distinctive phenotypes from line L35, along with very limited expression levels of the transgene. When the transgene is activated in the neural crest cells in a Cre-dependent manner, line A11 exhibits cleft palate and shorter jaws, while line L35 develops ectopic cartilages and highly hypomorphic facial structures. When activated in limb buds, line A11 develops organized but smaller limb skeletal structures, while line L35 forms disorganized limbs with little mineralization. Additionally, no heterotopic ossification (HO) is identified in line A11 when bred with NFATc1-Cre mice even after induction of tissue injury, which is an established protocol for HO for line L35. Therefore, the newly generated conditional ca-Acvr1 mouse line A11 provides an additional resource to dissect highly context dependent functions of BMP signaling in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China.,Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Masako Toda Nakamura
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA.,Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Hakata, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shawn A Hallett
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Hiroki Ueharu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Kristen Kelley
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, John P and Katherine G McGovern Medical School Huston, TX, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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Bernatik O, Paclikova P, Kotrbova A, Bryja V, Cajanek L. Primary Cilia Formation Does Not Rely on WNT/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623753. [PMID: 33718363 PMCID: PMC7952446 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia act as crucial regulators of embryo development and tissue homeostasis. They are instrumental for modulation of several signaling pathways, including Hedgehog, WNT, and TGF-β. However, gaps exist in our understanding of how cilia formation and function is regulated. Recent work has implicated WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in the regulation of ciliogenesis, yet the results are conflicting. One model suggests that WNT/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates cilia formation, possibly via effects on cell cycle. In contrast, second model proposes a positive role of WNT/β-catenin signaling on cilia formation, mediated by the re-arrangement of centriolar satellites in response to phosphorylation of the key component of WNT/β-catenin pathway, β-catenin. To clarify these discrepancies, we investigated possible regulation of primary cilia by the WNT/β-catenin pathway in cell lines (RPE-1, NIH3T3, and HEK293) commonly used to study ciliogenesis. We used WNT3a to activate or LGK974 to block the pathway, and examined initiation of ciliogenesis, cilium length, and percentage of ciliated cells. We show that the treatment by WNT3a has no- or lesser inhibitory effect on cilia formation. Importantly, the inhibition of secretion of endogenous WNT ligands using LGK974 blocks WNT signaling but does not affect ciliogenesis. Finally, using knock-out cells for key WNT pathway components, namely DVL1/2/3, LRP5/6, or AXIN1/2 we show that neither activation nor deactivation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway affects the process of ciliogenesis. These results suggest that WNT/β-catenin-mediated signaling is not generally required for efficient cilia formation. In fact, activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in some systems seems to moderately suppress ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bernatik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Paclikova
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Kotrbova
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Section of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Cajanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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8
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A novel CDK-independent function of p27 Kip1 in preciliary vesicle trafficking during ciliogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:716-722. [PMID: 32423824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
p27Kip1, a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, is now known as a multifunctional protein that plays crucial roles in cell architecture and migration by regulating rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules. The intracellular level of p27Kip1 is increased by anti-proliferative stimuli, such as mitogen deprivation and contact inhibition, which also induce formation of primary cilia, microtubule-based membranous organelles that protrude from the cell surface. However, it remains unknown whether p27Kip1 is associated with ciliogenesis. Here, we have generated p27Kip1-knockout hTERT-immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial cells, and found that ciliogenesis is almost completely disrupted in p27Kip1-knockout cells. The defect of ciliogenesis is rescued by the exogenous expression of wild-type p27Kip1 and, surprisingly, its 86-140 amino acid region, which is neither responsible for CDK inhibition nor remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence analyses reveal that p27Kip1 abrogation impairs one of the earliest events of ciliogenesis, docking of the Ehd1-associated preciliary vesicles to the distal appendages of the basal body. Our findings identify a novel CDK-independent function of p27Kip1 in primary cilia formation.
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9
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Liu J, Zhu C, Ning G, Yang L, Cao Y, Huang S, Wang Q. Chemokine signaling links cell-cycle progression and cilia formation for left-right symmetry breaking. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000203. [PMID: 31430272 PMCID: PMC6716676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) undergo vigorous proliferation during epiboly and then exit the cell cycle to generate Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a ciliated organ necessary for establishing left-right (L-R) asymmetry. DFC proliferation defects are often accompanied by impaired cilia elongation in KV, but the functional and molecular interaction between cell-cycle progression and cilia formation remains unknown. Here, we show that chemokine receptor Cxcr4a is required for L-R laterality by controlling DFC proliferation and KV ciliogenesis. Functional analysis revealed that Cxcr4a accelerates G1/S transition in DFCs and stabilizes forkhead box j1a (Foxj1a), a master regulator of motile cilia, by stimulating Cyclin D1 expression through extracellular regulated MAP kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling. Mechanistically, Cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 drives G1/S transition during DFC proliferation and phosphorylates Foxj1a, thereby disrupting its association with proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 4b (Psmd4b), a 19S regulatory subunit. This prevents the ubiquitin (Ub)-independent proteasomal degradation of Foxj1a. Our study uncovers a role for Cxcr4 signaling in L-R patterning and provides fundamental insights into the molecular linkage between cell-cycle progression and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chengke Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatics Science of Chongqing, College of Animal Science in Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sizhou Huang
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (SH); (QW)
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SH); (QW)
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Ford MJ, Yeyati PL, Mali GR, Keighren MA, Waddell SH, Mjoseng HK, Douglas AT, Hall EA, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Meehan RR, Boulter L, Jackson IJ, Mill P, Mort RL. A Cell/Cilia Cycle Biosensor for Single-Cell Kinetics Reveals Persistence of Cilia after G1/S Transition Is a General Property in Cells and Mice. Dev Cell 2019; 47:509-523.e5. [PMID: 30458140 PMCID: PMC6251972 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The cilia and cell cycles are inextricably linked. Centrioles in the basal body of cilia nucleate the ciliary axoneme and sequester pericentriolar matrix (PCM) at the centrosome to organize the mitotic spindle. Cilia themselves respond to growth signals, prompting cilia resorption and cell cycle re-entry. We describe a fluorescent cilia and cell cycle biosensor allowing live imaging of cell cycle progression and cilia assembly and disassembly kinetics in cells and inducible mice. We define assembly and disassembly in relation to cell cycle stage with single-cell resolution and explore the intercellular heterogeneity in cilia kinetics. In all cells and tissues analyzed, we observed cilia that persist through the G1/S transition and into S/G2/M-phase. We conclude that persistence of cilia after the G1/S transition is a general property. This resource will shed light at an individual cell level on the interplay between the cilia and cell cycles in development, regeneration, and disease. Arl13bCerulean-Fucci2a biosensor labels the cell and cilia cycles Analysis of cells and mice reveals persistence of cilia after the G1/S transition Inducible mouse line allows lineage tracing and ex vivo live imaging Organisms can tolerate artificially lengthened cilia without overt phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ford
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Patricia L Yeyati
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Girish R Mali
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Margaret A Keighren
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Scott H Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Heidi K Mjoseng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Adam T Douglas
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emma A Hall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Centre of Brain Science, Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Centre of Brain Science, Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Richard L Mort
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Furness Building, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK.
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11
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Abstract
TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate embryonic body plan. Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal tissues and the concurrent cellular movements of gastrulation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling patterns tissues along the dorsal-ventral axis and simultaneously directs the cell movements of convergence and extension. After gastrulation, a second wave of Nodal signaling breaks the symmetry between the left and right sides of the embryo. During these processes, elaborate regulatory feedback between TGF-β ligands and their antagonists direct the proper specification and patterning of embryonic tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of TGF-β family signaling in these processes. Although we cover principles that are involved in the development of all vertebrate embryos, we focus specifically on three popular model organisms: the mouse Mus musculus, the African clawed frog of the genus Xenopus, and the zebrafish Danio rerio, highlighting the similarities and differences between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zinski
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
| | - Mary C Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058
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12
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Liu C, Peng G, Jing N. TGF-β signaling pathway in early mouse development and embryonic stem cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:68-73. [PMID: 29190317 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β superfamily signaling pathways essentially contribute to the broad spectrum of early developmental events including embryonic patterning, cell fate determination and dynamic movements. In this review, we first introduced some key developmental processes that require TGF-β signaling to show the fundamental importance of these pathways. Then we discuss how their activities are regulated, and new findings about how the TGF-β superfamily ligands bind to the chromatin to regulate transcription during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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13
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Pan H, Zhang H, Abraham P, Komatsu Y, Lyons K, Kaartinen V, Mishina Y. BmpR1A is a major type 1 BMP receptor for BMP-Smad signaling during skull development. Dev Biol 2017. [PMID: 28641928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is caused by premature fusion of one or more sutures in an infant skull, resulting in abnormal facial features. The molecular and cellular mechanisms by which genetic mutations cause craniosynostosis are incompletely characterized, and many of the causative genes for diverse types of syndromic craniosynostosis have not yet been identified. We previously demonstrated that augmentation of BMP signaling mediated by a constitutively active BMP type IA receptor (ca-BmpR1A) in neural crest cells (ca1A hereafter) causes craniosynostosis and superimposition of heterozygous null mutation of Bmpr1a rescues premature suture fusion (ca1A;1aH hereafter). In this study, we superimposed heterozygous null mutations of the other two BMP type I receptors, Bmpr1b and Acvr1 (ca1A;1bH and ca1A;AcH respectively hereafter) to further dissect involvement of BMP-Smad signaling. Unlike caA1;1aH, ca1A;1bH and ca1A;AcH did not restore the craniosynostosis phenotypes. In our in vivo study, Smad-dependent BMP signaling was decreased to normal levels in mut;1aH mice. However, BMP receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads; pSmad1/5/9 hereafter) levels were comparable between ca1A, ca1A;1bH and ca1A;AcH mice, and elevated compared to control mice. Bmpr1a, Bmpr1b and Acvr1 null cells were used to examine potential mechanisms underlying the differences in ability of heterozygosity for Bmpr1a vs. Bmpr1b or Acvr1 to rescue the mut phenotype. pSmad1/5/9 level was undetectable in Bmpr1a homozygous null cells while pSmad1/5/9 levels did not decrease in Bmpr1b or Acvr1 homozygous null cells. Taken together, our study indicates that different levels of expression and subsequent activation of Smad signaling differentially contribute each BMP type I receptor to BMP-Smad signaling and craniofacial development. These results also suggest differential involvement of each type 1 receptor in pathogenesis of syndromic craniosynostoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Pan
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ponnu Abraham
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Lyons
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary cilium is a non-motile microtubule-based organelle that senses a diverse range of extracellular signals. While recent studies highlight the importance of ciliary-dependent developmental signals, including Hedgehog, Wnt, and platelet-derived growth factor, it is not well understood whether and how bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, a key regulator of skeletogenesis, is involved in cilia-related bone developmental aspects and in the etiology of skeletal disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Increasing evidence suggests that osteoblast- or osteocyte-specific deletion of ciliary proteins leads to diverse skeletal malformations, reinforcing the idea that primary cilia are indispensable for regulating bone development and maintenance. Furthermore, it became evident that ciliary proteins not only contribute to ciliogenesis but also orchestrate cellular trafficking. This review summarizes the current understanding of ciliary proteins in bone development and discusses the potential role of BMP signaling in primary cilia, enabling us to unravel the potential pathogenesis of skeletal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bioprosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Graduate Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Walentek P, Quigley IK, Sun DI, Sajjan UK, Kintner C, Harland RM. Ciliary transcription factors and miRNAs precisely regulate Cp110 levels required for ciliary adhesions and ciliogenesis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27623009 PMCID: PMC5045295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon cell cycle exit, centriole-to-basal body transition facilitates cilia formation. The centriolar protein Cp110 is a regulator of this process and cilia inhibitor, but its positive roles in ciliogenesis remain poorly understood. Using Xenopus we show that Cp110 inhibits cilia formation at high levels, while optimal levels promote ciliogenesis. Cp110 localizes to cilia-forming basal bodies and rootlets, and is required for ciliary adhesion complexes that facilitate Actin interactions. The opposing roles of Cp110 in ciliation are generated in part by coiled-coil domains that mediate preferential binding to centrioles over rootlets. Because of its dual role in ciliogenesis, Cp110 levels must be precisely controlled. In multiciliated cells, this is achieved by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation through ciliary transcription factors and microRNAs, which activate and repress cp110 to produce optimal Cp110 levels during ciliogenesis. Our data provide novel insights into how Cp110 and its regulation contribute to development and cell function. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17557.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Walentek
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ian K Quigley
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Dingyuan I Sun
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Umeet K Sajjan
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Christopher Kintner
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Richard M Harland
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
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16
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Wu M, Chen G, Li YP. TGF-β and BMP signaling in osteoblast, skeletal development, and bone formation, homeostasis and disease. Bone Res 2016; 4:16009. [PMID: 27563484 PMCID: PMC4985055 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1009] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs, acting on a tetrameric receptor complex, transduce signals to both the canonical Smad-dependent signaling pathway (that is, TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical-Smad-independent signaling pathway (that is, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38 MAPK) to regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis. Both the Smad and p38 MAPK signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, for example, Runx2 to promote osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte differentiation from mesenchymal precursor cells. TGF-β and BMP signaling is controlled by multiple factors, including the ubiquitin–proteasome system, epigenetic factors, and microRNA. Dysregulated TGF-β and BMP signaling result in a number of bone disorders in humans. Knockout or mutation of TGF-β and BMP signaling-related genes in mice leads to bone abnormalities of varying severity, which enable a better understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and the signaling networks underlying osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There is also crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and several critical cytokines’ signaling pathways (for example, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, PTHrP, and FGF) to coordinate osteogenesis, skeletal development, and bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte differentiation, skeletal development, cartilage formation, bone formation, bone homeostasis, and related human bone diseases caused by the disruption of TGF-β/BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, USA
| | - Guiqian Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Department of neurology, Bruke Medical Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, White Plains, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, USA
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17
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Zhang H, Takeda H, Tsuji T, Kamiya N, Rajderkar S, Louie K, Collier C, Scott G, Ray M, Mochida Y, Kaartinen V, Kunieda T, Mishina Y. Generation of Evc2/Limbin global and conditional KO mice and its roles during mineralized tissue formation. Genesis 2015. [PMID: 26219237 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome (OMIM 225500) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized with chondrodysplastic dwarfism in association with abnormalities in oral cavity. Ciliary proteins EVC and EVC2 have been identified as causative genes and they play an important role on Hedgehog signal transduction. We have also identified a causative gene LIMBIN for bovine chondrodysplastic dwarfism (bcd) that is later identified as the bovine ortholog of EVC2. Here, we report generation of conventional and conditional mutant Evc2/Limbin alleles that mimics mutations found in EvC patients and bcd cattle. Resulted homozygous mice showed no ciliary localization of EVC2 and EVC and displayed reduced Hedgehog signaling activity in association with skeletal and oral defects similar to the EvC patients. Cartilage-specific disruption of Evc2/Limbin resulted in similar but milder skeletal defects, whereas osteoblast-specific disruption did not cause overt changes in skeletal system. Neural crest-specific disruption of Evc2/Limbin resulted in defective incisor growth similar to that seen in conventional knockouts; however, differentiation of amelobolasts was relatively normal in the conditional knockouts. These results showcased functions of EVC2/LIMBIN during formation of mineralized tissues. Availability of the conditional allele for this gene should facilitate further detailed analyses of the role of EVC2/LIMBIN in pathogenesis of EvC syndrome. genesis 53:612-626, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Haruko Takeda
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-R & Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 1 Avenue De L'hôpital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Takehito Tsuji
- The Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan.,Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Sudha Rajderkar
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Ke'Ale Louie
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Crystal Collier
- College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Greg Scott
- Knock out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Manas Ray
- Knock out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Yoshiyuki Mochida
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- The Graduate School of Environment and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama City, Japan
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Michigan.,Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.,Knock out Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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18
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Rigueur D, Brugger S, Anbarchian T, Kim JK, Lee Y, Lyons KM. The type I BMP receptor ACVR1/ALK2 is required for chondrogenesis during development. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:733-41. [PMID: 25413979 PMCID: PMC4376569 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial regulators of chondrogenesis. BMPs transduce their signals through three type I receptors: BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and ACVR1/ALK2. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare disorder characterized by progressive ossification of connective tissue, is caused by an activating mutation in Acvr1 (the gene that encodes ACVR1/ALK2). However, there are few developmental defects associated with FOP. Thus, the role of ACVR1 in chondrogenesis during development is unknown. Here we report the phenotype of mice lacking ACVR1 in cartilage. Acvr1(CKO) mice are viable but exhibit defects in the development of cranial and axial structures. Mutants exhibit a shortened cranial base, and cervical vertebrae are hypoplastic. Acvr1(CKO) adult mice develop progressive kyphosis. These morphological defects were associated with decreased levels of Smad1/5 and p38 activation, and with reduced rates of chondrocyte proliferation in vertebral cartilage. We also tested whether ACVR1 exerts coordinated functions with BMPR1A and BMPR1B through analysis of double mutants. Acvr1/Bmpr1a and Acvr1/Bmpr1b mutant mice exhibited generalized perinatal lethal chondrodysplasia that was much more severe than in any of the corresponding mutant strains. These findings demonstrate that ACVR1 is required for chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, particularly in craniofacial and axial elements, but exerts coordinated functions with both BMPR1A and BMPR1B throughout the developing endochondral skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rigueur
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Reyes de Mochel NS, Luong M, Chiang M, Javier AL, Luu E, Toshihiko F, MacGregor GR, Cinquin O, Cho KWY. BMP signaling is required for cell cleavage in preimplantation-mouse embryos. Dev Biol 2014; 397:45-55. [PMID: 25446538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating cell division during development of the mouse pre-implantation embryo are poorly understood. We have investigated whether bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in controlling cell cycle during mouse pre-implantation development. We mapped and quantitated the dynamic activities of BMP signaling through high-resolution immunofluorescence imaging combined with a 3D segmentation method. Immunostaining for phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 shows that BMP signaling is activated in mouse embryos as early as the 4-cell stage, and becomes spatially restricted by late blastocyst stage. Perturbation of BMP signaling in preimplantation mouse embryos, whether by treatment with a small molecule inhibitor, with Noggin protein, or by overexpression of a dominant-negative BMP receptor, indicates that BMPs regulate cell cleavage up to the morula stage. These results indicate that BMP signaling is active during mouse pre-implantation development and is required for cell cleavage in preimplantation mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mui Luong
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA
| | - Michael Chiang
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA
| | - Anna L Javier
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA
| | - Elizabeth Luu
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA
| | - Fujimori Toshihiko
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Grant R MacGregor
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA
| | - Olivier Cinquin
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA
| | - Ken W Y Cho
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300 USA
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20
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TGFβ signaling in establishing left–right asymmetry. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 32:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Kirsammer G, Strizzi L, Margaryan NV, Gilgur A, Hyser M, Atkinson J, Kirschmann DA, Seftor EA, Hendrix MJC. Nodal signaling promotes a tumorigenic phenotype in human breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:40-50. [PMID: 25073112 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ras-ERK pathway is deregulated in approximately a third of human cancers, particularly those of epithelial origin. In aggressive, triple-negative, basal-like breast cancers, most tumors display increased MEK and ERK phosphorylation and exhibit a gene expression profile characteristic of Kras or EGFR mutant tumors; however, Ras family genetic mutations are uncommon in triple-negative breast cancer and EGFR mutations account for only a subset of these tumors. Therefore, the upstream events that activate MAPK signaling and promote tumor aggression in triple-negative breast cancers remain poorly defined. We have previously shown that a secreted TGF-β family signaling ligand, Nodal, is expressed in breast cancer in correlation with disease progression. Here we highlight key findings demonstrating that Nodal is required in aggressive human breast cancer cells to activate ERK signaling and downstream tumorigenic phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo. Experimental knockdown of Nodal signaling downregulates ERK activity, resulting in loss of c-myc, upregulation of p27, G1 cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis and decreased tumorigenicity. The data suggest that ERK activation by Nodal signaling regulates c-myc and p27 proteins post-translationally and that this cascade is essential for aggressive breast tumor behavior in vivo. As the MAPK pathway is an important target for treating triple-negative breast cancers, upstream Nodal signaling may represent a promising target for breast cancer diagnosis and combined therapies aimed at blocking ERK pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Kirsammer
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, 2430 N Halsted St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Luigi Strizzi
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, 2430 N Halsted St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Naira V Margaryan
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, 2430 N Halsted St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Alina Gilgur
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, 2430 N Halsted St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Matthew Hyser
- Presence Saint Francis Hospital, 355 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60202, United States
| | - Janis Atkinson
- Presence Saint Francis Hospital, 355 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60202, United States
| | - Dawn A Kirschmann
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, 2430 N Halsted St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Elisabeth A Seftor
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, 2430 N Halsted St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States
| | - Mary J C Hendrix
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, 2430 N Halsted St., Chicago, IL 60614, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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22
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Neural crest cell signaling pathways critical to cranial bone development and pathology. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:138-47. [PMID: 24509233 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells appear early during embryogenesis and give rise to many structures in the mature adult. In particular, a specific population of neural crest cells migrates to and populates developing cranial tissues. The ensuing differentiation of these cells via individual complex and often intersecting signaling pathways is indispensible to growth and development of the craniofacial complex. Much research has been devoted to this area of development with particular emphasis on cell signaling events required for physiologic development. Understanding such mechanisms will allow researchers to investigate ways in which they can be exploited in order to treat a multitude of diseases affecting the craniofacial complex. Knowing how these multipotent cells are driven towards distinct fates could, in due course, allow patients to receive regenerative therapies for tissues lost to a variety of pathologies. In order to realize this goal, nucleotide sequencing advances allowing snapshots of entire genomes and exomes are being utilized to identify molecular entities associated with disease states. Once identified, these entities can be validated for biological significance with other methods. A crucial next step is the integration of knowledge gleaned from observations in disease states with normal physiology to generate an explanatory model for craniofacial development. This review seeks to provide a current view of the landscape on cell signaling and fate determination of the neural crest and to provide possible avenues of approach for future research.
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23
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Abstract
The satellite symposium on 'Making and breaking the left-right axis: implications of laterality in development and disease' was held in June 2013 in conjunction with the 17th International Society for Developmental Biology meeting in Cancún, Mexico. As we summarize here, leaders in the field gathered at the symposium to discuss recent advances in understanding how left-right asymmetry is generated and utilized across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca D Burdine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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24
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Komatsu Y, Mishina Y. Establishment of left-right asymmetry in vertebrate development: the node in mouse embryos. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4659-66. [PMID: 23771646 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of vertebrate left-right asymmetry is a critical process for normal embryonic development. After the discovery of genes expressed asymmetrically along the left-right axis in chick embryos in the mid 1990s, the molecular mechanisms responsible for left-right patterning in vertebrate embryos have been studied extensively. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms by which the initial symmetry along the left-right axis is broken in the mouse embryo. We focus on the role of primary cilia and molecular mechanisms of ciliogenesis at the node when symmetry is broken and left-right asymmetry is established. The node is considered a signaling center for early mouse embryonic development, and the results we review here have led to a better understanding of how the node functions and establishes left-right asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Kheradmand Kia S, Verbeek E, Engelen E, Schot R, Poot R, de Coo I, Lequin M, Poulton C, Pourfarzad F, Grosveld F, Brehm A, de Wit M, Oegema R, Dobyns W, Verheijen F, Mancini G. RTTN mutations link primary cilia function to organization of the human cerebral cortex. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:533-40. [PMID: 22939636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrogyria is a malformation of the developing cerebral cortex caused by abnormal organization and characterized by many small gyri and fusion of the outer molecular layer. We have identified autosomal-recessive mutations in RTTN, encoding Rotatin, in individuals with bilateral diffuse polymicrogyria from two separate families. Rotatin determines early embryonic axial rotation, as well as anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterning in the mouse. Human Rotatin has recently been identified as a centrosome-associated protein. The Drosophila melanogaster homolog of Rotatin, Ana3, is needed for structural integrity of centrioles and basal bodies and maintenance of sensory neurons. We show that Rotatin colocalizes with the basal bodies at the primary cilium. Cultured fibroblasts from affected individuals have structural abnormalities of the cilia and exhibit downregulation of BMP4, WNT5A, and WNT2B, which are key regulators of cortical patterning and are expressed at the cortical hem, the cortex-organizing center that gives rise to Cajal-Retzius (CR) neurons. Interestingly, we have shown that in mouse embryos, Rotatin colocalizes with CR neurons at the subpial marginal zone. Knockdown experiments in human fibroblasts and neural stem cells confirm a role for RTTN in cilia structure and function. RTTN mutations therefore link aberrant ciliary function to abnormal development and organization of the cortex in human individuals.
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