1
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He W, Tang H, Li Y, Wang M, Li Y, Chen J, Gao S, Han Z. Overexpression of Let-7a mitigates diploidization in mouse androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. iScience 2024; 27:109769. [PMID: 38711447 PMCID: PMC11070717 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells (mAG-haESCs) can be utilized to uncover gene functions, especially those of genes with recessive effects, and to produce semicloned mice when injected into mature oocytes. However, mouse haploid cells undergo rapid diploidization during long-term culture in vitro and subsequently lose the advantages of haploidy, and the factors that drive diploidization are poorly understood. In this study, we compared the small RNAs (sRNAs) of mAG-haESCs, normal embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and mouse round spermatids by high-throughput sequencing and identified distinct sRNA profiles. Several let-7 family members and miR-290-295 cluster microRNAs (miRNAs) were found significantly differentially transcribed. Knockdown and overexpression experiments showed that let-7a and let-7g suppress diploidization while miR-290a facilitates diploidization. Our study revealed the unique sRNA profile of mAG-haESCs and demonstrated that let-7a overexpression can mitigate diploidization in mAG-haESCs. These findings will help us to better understand mAG-haESCs and utilize them as tools in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenteng He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongming Tang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
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2
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Wang HS, Ma XR, Guo YH. Development and application of haploid embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:116. [PMID: 38654389 PMCID: PMC11040874 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Haploid cells are a kind of cells with only one set of chromosomes. Compared with traditional diploid cells, haploid cells have unique advantages in gene screening and drug-targeted therapy, due to their phenotype being equal to the genotype. Embryonic stem cells are a kind of cells with strong differentiation potential that can differentiate into various types of cells under specific conditions in vitro. Therefore, haploid embryonic stem cells have the characteristics of both haploid cells and embryonic stem cells, which makes them have significant advantages in many aspects, such as reproductive developmental mechanism research, genetic screening, and drug-targeted therapy. Consequently, establishing haploid embryonic stem cell lines is of great significance. This paper reviews the progress of haploid embryonic stem cell research and briefly discusses the applications of haploid embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Song Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xin-Rui Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Hong Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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3
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Sun S, Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Geng M, Wang Q, Gao Q, Zhang X, Zhang W, Shuai L. BCL2 is a major regulator of haploidy maintenance in murine embryonic stem cells. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13498. [PMID: 37144356 PMCID: PMC10693186 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid cells are important resources for forward genetic screening and are important in genetic medicine and drug development. However, the self-diploidization of murine haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) during daily culture or differentiation jeopardizes their use in genetic approaches. Here, we show that overexpression (OE) of an antiapoptosis gene, BCL2, in haESCs robustly ensures their haploidy maintenance in various situations, even under strict differentiation in vivo (embryonic 10.5 chimeric fetus or 21-day teratoma). Haploid cell lines of many lineages, including epiblasts, trophectodermal lineages, and neuroectodermal lineages, can be easily derived by the differentiation of BCL2-OE haESCs in vitro. Transcriptome analysis revealed that BCL2-OE activates another regulatory gene, Has2, which is also sufficient for haploidy maintenance. Together, our findings provide an effective and secure strategy to reduce diploidization during differentiation, which will contribute to the generation of haploid cell lines of the desired lineage and related genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mengyang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiao‐Ou Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life and Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo EngineeringChongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenChongqingChina
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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4
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Zheng W, Wang L, He W, Hu X, Zhu Q, Gu L, Jiang C. Transcriptome profiles and chromatin states in mouse androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13436. [PMID: 36855927 PMCID: PMC10472531 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of the haploid blastocyst, containing only one set of chromosomes. Extensive and accurate chromatin remodelling occurs during haESC derivation, but the intrinsic transcriptome profiles and chromatin structure of haESCs have not been fully explored. We profiled the transcriptomes, nucleosome positioning, and key histone modifications of four mouse haESC lines, and compared these profiles with those of other closely-related stem cell lines, MII oocytes, round spermatids, sperm, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. haESCs had transcriptome profiles closer to those of naïve pluripotent stem cells. Consistent with the one X chromosome in haESCs, Xist was repressed, indicating no X chromosome inactivation. haESCs and ESCs shared a similar global chromatin structure. However, a nucleosome depletion region was identified in 2056 promoters in ESCs, which was absent in haESCs. Furthermore, three characteristic spatial relationships were formed between transcription factor motifs and nucleosomes in both haESCs and ESCs, specifically in the linker region, on the nucleosome central surface, and nucleosome borders. Furthermore, the chromatin state of 4259 enhancers was off in haESCs but active in ESCs. Functional annotation of these enhancers revealed enrichment in regulation of the cell cycle, a predominantly reported mechanism of haESC self-diploidization. Notably, the transcriptome profiles and chromatin structure of haESCs were highly preserved during passaging but different from those of differentiated cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenteng He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qianshu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell ResearchTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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5
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Liu C, Li W. Advances in haploid embryonic stem cell research. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:250-260. [PMID: 35639627 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid embryonic stem cells are embryonic stem cells of a special type. Their nuclei contain one complete set of genetic material, and they are capable of self-renewal and differentiation. The emergence of haploid embryonic stem cells has aided research in functional genomics, genetic imprinting, parthenogenesis, genetic screening, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. This article reviews current issues in haploid stem cell research based on reports published in recent years and assesses the potential applications of these cells in somatic cell nuclear transfer, genome imprinting, and parthenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of androgenetic haploid tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) provide insights into haploid syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8252. [PMID: 35585152 PMCID: PMC9117679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenesis is an important chromosome set manipulation technique used in sex control in aquaculture. Haploid embryos exhibit haploid syndrome with body abnormalities and even die during early embryonic development. In this study, we used whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in haploid females (1n-X) and males (1n-Y), and diploid females (2n-XX) and males (2n-XY) of tiger pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes), an economically important fish in China. A total of 96.32 Gb clean data was produced. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found between haploids and diploids, which may be related to abnormal development and early embryonic death in haploids. There were 3,641 hyper-methylated differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 2,179 hypo-methylated DMGs in haploid vs. diploid comparisons in both females and males. These DMGs were mainly related to genomic stability maintenance and cell cycle regulation. slf1, actr8, gas2, and pbrm1 genes were selected to validate the methylation sequencing. After combining the methylation data with the corresponding transcriptome data, we identified several genes, including guca2a, myoc, fezf2, rprml, telo2, s100a1, and marveld1, which exhibited differential expression levels modulated by DNA methylation. In conclusion, our study revealed different methylation and expression profiles between haploid and diploid T. rubripes for the first time. Several DMGs were identified between different ploidy levels, which may be related to haploid syndrome formation. The results expand the understanding of the effects of ploidy on the early development of teleosts and provide knowledge about target genes and networks to improve the survival rate of haploids.
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7
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Edwards MM, Zuccaro MV, Sagi I, Ding Q, Vershkov D, Benvenisty N, Egli D, Koren A. Delayed DNA replication in haploid human embryonic stem cells. Genome Res 2021; 31:2155-2169. [PMID: 34810218 PMCID: PMC8647822 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275953.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haploid human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide a powerful genetic system but diploidize at high rates. We hypothesized that diploidization results from aberrant DNA replication. To test this, we profiled DNA replication timing in isogenic haploid and diploid ESCs. The greatest difference was the earlier replication of the X Chromosome in haploids, consistent with the lack of X-Chromosome inactivation. We also identified 21 autosomal regions that had delayed replication in haploids, extending beyond the normal S phase and into G2/M. Haploid-delays comprised a unique set of quiescent genomic regions that are also underreplicated in polyploid placental cells. The same delays were observed in female ESCs with two active X Chromosomes, suggesting that increased X-Chromosome dosage may cause delayed autosomal replication. We propose that incomplete replication at the onset of mitosis could prevent cell division and result in re-entry into the cell cycle and whole genome duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Michael V Zuccaro
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ido Sagi
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Qiliang Ding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Dan Vershkov
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Amnon Koren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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8
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Aizawa E, Kaufmann C, Sting S, Boigner S, Freimann R, Di Minin G, Wutz A. Haploid mouse germ cell precursors from embryonic stem cells reveal Xist activation from a single X chromosome. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 17:43-52. [PMID: 34919812 PMCID: PMC8758942 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid cells have applications for genetic screening and substituting gametic genomes. Here, we characterize a culture system for obtaining haploid primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) from haploid mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We find that haploid cells show predisposition for PGCLCs, whereas a large fraction of somatic cells becomes diploid. Characterization of the differentiating haploid ESCs (haESCs) reveals that Xist is activated from and colocalizes with the single X chromosome. This observation suggests that X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is initiated in haploid cells consistent with a model where autosomal blocking factors set a threshold for X-linked activators. We further find that Xist expression is lost at later timepoints in differentiation, which likely reflects the loss of X-linked activators. In vitro differentiation of haploid PGCLCs can be a useful approach for future studies of potential X-linked activators of Xist. A culture system for obtaining haploid PGCLCs Predisposition of haploid cells in the germline over somatic lineages A single X chromosome in haploid cells leads to activation of Xist Mutation of Xist is insufficient to prevent diploidization of haESCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishi Aizawa
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Kaufmann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Sting
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Boigner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Remo Freimann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Di Minin
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Wutz
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Gao Q, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Geng M, Xu M, Yao C, Wang H, Li L, Liu Y, Shuai L. High-throughput screening in postimplantation haploid epiblast stem cells reveals Hs3st3b1 as a modulator for reprogramming. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:743-755. [PMID: 33511777 PMCID: PMC8046116 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) derived from postimplantation epiblast are pluripotent stem cells, epigenetically distinct from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which are widely used in reprogramming studies. Recent achieved haploid cell lines in mammalian species open a new era for high-throughput genetic screening, due to their homozygous phenotypes. Here, we report the generation of mouse haploid EpiSCs (haEpiSCs) from postimplantation chimeric embryos at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5). These cells maintain one set of chromosomes, express EpiSC-specific genes, and have potentials to differentiate into three germ layers. We also develop a massive mutagenesis protocol with haEpiSCs, and subsequently perform reprogramming selection using this genome-wide mutation library. Multiple modules related to various pathways are implicated. The validation experiments prove that knockout of Hst3st3b1 (one of the candidates) can promote reprogramming of EpiSCs to the ground state efficiently. Our results open the feasibility of utilizing haEpiSCs to elucidate fundamental biological processes including cell fate alternations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Nankai Animal Resource Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhang G, Li X, Sun Y, Wang X, Liu G, Huang Y. A Genetic Screen Identifies Etl4-Deficiency Capable of Stabilizing the Haploidy in Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:29-38. [PMID: 33440180 PMCID: PMC7815943 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) hold great promise for functional genetic studies and forward screening. However, all established haploid cells are prone to spontaneous diploidization during long-term culture, rendering application challenging. Here, we report a genome-wide loss-of-function screening that identified gene mutations that could significantly reduce the rate of self-diploidization in haESCs. We further demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Etl4 knockout (KO) stabilizes the haploid state in different haESC lines. More interestingly, Etl4 deficiency increases mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity and decreases glycolysis in haESCs. Mimicking this effect by regulating the energy metabolism with drugs decreased the rate of self-diploidization. Collectively, our study identified Etl4 as a novel haploidy-related factor linked to an energy metabolism transition occurring during self-diploidization of haESCs. A genome-wide genetic screen identifies several haploidy-related factors in haESCs Etl4-deficiency stabilizes the haploid state in different haESC lines Etl4-deficiency increases mitochondrial OXPHOS and decrease glycolysis in haESCs Energy metabolism regulation with drugs decreased the rate of self-diploidization
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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11
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Wang L, Li J. 'Artificial spermatid'-mediated genome editing†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:538-548. [PMID: 31077288 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, extensive efforts have been made to use mammalian sperm as the mediator to generate genetically modified animals; however, the strategy of sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is unable to produce stable and diversified modifications in descendants. Recently, haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been successfully derived from haploid embryos carrying the genome of highly specialized gametes, and can stably maintain haploidy (through periodic cell sorting based on DNA quantity) and both self-renewal and pluripotency in long-term cell culture. In particular, haESCs derived from androgenetic haploid blastocysts (AG-haESCs), carrying only the sperm genome, can support the generation of live mice (semi-cloned, SC mice) through oocyte injection. Remarkably, after removal of the imprinted control regions H19-DMR (differentially methylated region of DNA) and IG-DMR in AG-haESCs, the double knockout (DKO)-AG-haESCs can stably produce SC animals with high efficiency, and so can serve as a sperm equivalent. Importantly, DKO-AG-haESCs can be used for multiple rounds of gene modifications in vitro, followed by efficient generation of live and fertile mice with the expected genetic traits. Thus, DKO-AG-haESCs (referred to as 'artificial spermatids') combed with CRISPR-Cas technology can be used as the genetically tractable fertilization agent, to efficiently create genetically modified offspring, and is a versatile genetic tool for in vivo analyses of gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sun S, Zhao Y, Shuai L. The milestone of genetic screening: Mammalian haploid cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2471-2479. [PMID: 33005309 PMCID: PMC7509586 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid cells provide insights into multiple genetics approaches as have been proved by advances in homozygous phenotypes and function as gametes. Recent achievements make ploidy of mammalian haploid cells stable and improve the developmental efficiency of embryos derived from mammalian haploid cells intracytoplasmic microinjection, which promise great potentials for using mammalian haploid cells in forward and reverse genetic screening. In this review, we introduce breakthroughs of mammalian haploid cells involving in mechanisms of self-diploidization, forward genetics for various targeting genes and imprinted genes related development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tate Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
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13
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Olbrich T, Vega-Sendino M, Murga M, de Carcer G, Malumbres M, Ortega S, Ruiz S, Fernandez-Capetillo O. A Chemical Screen Identifies Compounds Capable of Selecting for Haploidy in Mammalian Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 28:597-604.e4. [PMID: 31315040 PMCID: PMC6656781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent availability of somatic haploid cell lines has provided a unique tool for genetic studies in mammals. However, the percentage of haploid cells rapidly decreases in these cell lines, which we recently showed is due to their overgrowth by diploid cells present in the cultures. Based on this property, we have now performed a phenotypic chemical screen in human haploid HAP1 cells aiming to identify compounds that facilitate the maintenance of haploid cells. Our top hit was 10-Deacetyl-baccatin-III (DAB), a chemical precursor in the synthesis of Taxol, which selects for haploid cells in HAP1 and mouse haploid embryonic stem cultures. Interestingly, DAB also enriches for diploid cells in mixed cultures of diploid and tetraploid cells, including in the colon cancer cell line DLD-1, revealing a general strategy for selecting cells with lower ploidy in mixed populations of mammalian cells. Mammalian haploid cell cultures become progressively enriched in diploid cells DAB, a precursor of Taxol, facilitates the maintenance of haploidy DAB selects for cells with lower ploidy in mixed cultures of mammalian cells Statins accelerate the gradual loss of haploid cells in culture
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Olbrich
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Vega-Sendino
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Matilde Murga
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Guillermo de Carcer
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Transgenics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Yoshizawa K, Yaguchi K, Uehara R. Uncoupling of DNA Replication and Centrosome Duplication Cycles Is a Primary Cause of Haploid Instability in Mammalian Somatic Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:721. [PMID: 32850837 PMCID: PMC7408703 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid somatic cells are unstable and prone to diploidize, but the cause of haploid instability remains largely unknown. Previously, we found that mammalian haploid somatic cells suffer chronic centrosome loss stemming from the uncoupling of DNA replication and centrosome duplication cycles. However, the lack of methodology to restore the coupling between DNA replication and centrosome duplication has precluded us from investigating the potential contribution of the haploidy-linked centrosome loss to haploid instability. In this study, we developed an experimental method that allows the re-coupling of DNA and centrosome cycles through the chronic extension of the G1/S phase without compromising cell proliferation using thymidine treatment/release cycles. Chronic extension of G1/S restored normal mitotic centrosome number and mitotic control, substantially improving the stability of the haploid state in HAP1 cells. Stabilization of the haploid state was compromised when cdk2 was inhibited during the extended G1/S, or when early G1 was chronically extended instead of G1/S, showing that the coupling of DNA and centrosome cycles rather than a general extension of the cell cycle is required for haploid stability. Our data indicate the chronic centriole loss arising from the uncoupling of centrosome and DNA cycles as a direct cause of genome instability in haploid somatic cells, and also demonstrate the feasibility of modulation of haploid stability through artificial coordination between DNA and centrosome cycles in mammalian somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Yoshizawa
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kan Yaguchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryota Uehara
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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15
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Li Y, Li W, Zhou Q. Haploid pluripotent stem cells: twofold benefits with half the effort in genetic screening and reproduction. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 64:6-12. [PMID: 32563751 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Haploid pluripotent stem cells, which are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into other cell types with only one set of chromosomes, have been established in several species from haploid embryos. Compared with diploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs), haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) are smaller in size, have a prolonged metaphase, and undergo self-doubling during culture. The monoallelic expression of haESCs provides great convenience for recessive inheritance research. Genetically modified haESCs also provide benefits in replacement of the gamete genomes, which not only facilitates the study of the function of imprinted genes but also potentially removes barriers to same-sex reproduction. In this review, we focus on strategies for obtaining haESCs and their potential applications in genetic screening, genomic imprinting, and unisexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Zhang W, Tian Y, Gao Q, Li X, Li Y, Zhang J, Yao C, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Li L, Yu Y, Fan Y, Shuai L. Inhibition of Apoptosis Reduces Diploidization of Haploid Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells during Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:185-197. [PMID: 32502463 PMCID: PMC7363743 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes of haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) are dominant for recessive traits in mice. However, one major obstacle to their use is self-diploidization in daily culture. Although haESCs maintain haploidy well by deleting p53, whether they can sustain haploidy in differentiated status and the mechanism behind it remain unknown. To address this, we induced p53-deficient haESCs into multiple differentiated lineages maintain haploid status in vitro. Haploid cells also remained in chimeric embryos and teratomas arising from p53-null haESCs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that apoptosis genes were downregulated in p53-null haESCs compared with that in wild-type haESCs. Finally, we knocked out p73, another apoptosis-related gene, and observed stabilization of haploidy in haESCs. These results indicated that the main mechanism of diploidization was apoptosis-related gene-triggered cell death in haploid cell cultures. Thus, we can derive haploid somatic cells by manipulating the apoptosis gene, facilitating genetic screens of lineage-specific development. haEpiLCs and haNSCLCs differentiated from p53-null haESCs in vitro p53-null haESCs contributed to chimeric embryos and teratoma Downregulation of apoptosis genes resulted in haploidy stabilization Deletion of p73 was also of benefit for haploidy sustenance
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaru Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunmeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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17
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Zepeda-Martinez JA, Pribitzer C, Wang J, Bsteh D, Golumbeanu S, Zhao Q, Burkard TR, Reichholf B, Rhie SK, Jude J, Moussa HF, Zuber J, Bell O. Parallel PRC2/cPRC1 and vPRC1 pathways silence lineage-specific genes and maintain self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax5692. [PMID: 32270030 PMCID: PMC7112768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressors Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 are required to maintain cell fate during embryonic development. PRC1 and PRC2 catalyze distinct histone modifications, establishing repressive chromatin at shared targets. How PRC1, which consists of canonical PRC1 (cPRC1) and variant PRC1 (vPRC1) complexes, and PRC2 cooperate to silence genes and support mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal is unclear. Using combinatorial genetic perturbations, we show that independent pathways of cPRC1 and vPRC1 are responsible for maintenance of H2A monoubiquitylation and silencing of shared target genes. Individual loss of PRC2-dependent cPRC1 or PRC2-independent vPRC1 disrupts only one pathway and does not impair mESC self-renewal capacity. However, loss of both pathways leads to mESC differentiation and activation of a subset of lineage-specific genes co-occupied by relatively high levels of PRC1/PRC2. Thus, parallel pathways explain the differential requirements for PRC1 and PRC2 and provide robust silencing of lineage-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Zepeda-Martinez
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - C. Pribitzer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Wang
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - D. Bsteh
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S. Golumbeanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Q. Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T. R. Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - B. Reichholf
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - S. K. Rhie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J. Jude
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - H. F. Moussa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - O. Bell
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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He W, Chen J, Gao S. Mammalian haploid stem cells: establishment, engineering and applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2349-2367. [PMID: 30888429 PMCID: PMC11105600 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) contain only one set of genomes inherited from the sperm or egg and are termed AG- or PG-haESCs, respectively. Mammalian haESCs show genome-wide hypomethylation and dysregulated imprinting, whereas they can sustain genome integrity during derivation and long-term propagation. In addition, haESCs exhibit similar pluripotency to traditional diploid ESCs but are unique because they function as gametes and have been used to produce semi-cloned animals. More strikingly, unisexual reproduction has been achieved in mice by using haESCs. In combination with a gene editing or screening system, haESCs represent a powerful tool for studies of underlying gene functions and explorations of mechanisms of genetic and epigenetic regulation not only at the cellular level in vitro but also at the animal level in vivo. More importantly, genetically edited AG-haESC lines may further serve as an ideal candidate for the establishment of a sperm bank, which is a highly cost-effective approach, and a wide range of engineered semi-cloned mice have been produced. Here, we review the historical development, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of haESCs. Additionally, we present an in-depth discussion of the recent advances in haESCs and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenteng He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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19
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Cui T, Li Z, Zhou Q, Li W. Current advances in haploid stem cells. Protein Cell 2019; 11:23-33. [PMID: 31004328 PMCID: PMC6949308 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diploidy is the typical genomic mode in all mammals. Haploid stem cells are artificial cell lines experimentally derived in vitro in the form of different types of stem cells, which combine the characteristics of haploidy with a broad developmental potential and open the possibility to uncover biological mysteries at a genomic scale. To date, a multitude of haploid stem cell types from mouse, rat, monkey and humans have been derived, as more are in development. They have been applied in high-throughput genetic screens and mammalian assisted reproduction. Here, we review the generation, unique properties and broad applications of these remarkable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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20
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Gao Q, Zhang W, Ma L, Li X, Wang H, Li Y, Freimann R, Yu Y, Shuai L, Wutz A. Derivation of Haploid Neural Stem Cell Lines by Selection for a Pax6-GFP Reporter. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:479-487. [PMID: 29471728 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid cells facilitate genetic screening of recessive mutations for a single set of chromosomes. Haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been achieved in several species and widely utilized in genetic screens. The fact that haESCs undergo substantial diploidization during differentiation has limited the screening to other haploid cell types. In this study, we report a method to establish haploid neural stem cells (haNSCs) by selection for a Pax6 reporter. We inserted a green fluorescence protein (GFP) marker gene by homologous recombination into the Pax6 locus of an haESC line. GFP-positive haploid cells could be sorted and further cultured in the NSC medium for more than 30 passages. The established haNSCs expressed neural lineage markers and could differentiate into neurons, oligodendroglia, and astrocytes. Our study shows the feasibility of deriving haploid proliferative somatic cell lines using a genetically encoded reporter that suggest a system for genetic screening of neural and retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China .,2 Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Haisong Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Yanni Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Remo Freimann
- 3 Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Yu
- 2 Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Anton Wutz
- 3 Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Derivation of Haploid Trophoblast Stem Cells via Conversion In Vitro. iScience 2019; 11:508-518. [PMID: 30635215 PMCID: PMC6354440 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their single genome, haploid cells are powerful to uncover unknown genes by performing genetic screening in mammals. However, no haploid cell line from an extraembryonic lineage has been achieved yet, which limits the application of haploid cells in placental genetic screening. Here, we show that overexpression of Cdx2 can convert haploid embryonic stem cells to trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). p53 deletion reduces diploidization during the conversion and guarantees the generation of haploid-induced TSCs (haiTSCs). haiTSCs not only share the same molecular characterization with trophoderm-derived TSCs but also possess multipotency to placental lineages in various procedures. In addition, haiTSCs can maintain haploidy in the long term, assisted by periodic sorting and with reliance on FGF4 and heparin. Finally, we perform piggyBac-mediated high-throughput mutation in haiTSCs and use them in trophoblast lineage genetic screening. Deep sequencing analysis and validation experiments prove that Htra1 is a blocker for spongiotrophoblast specification. A haploid cell line of extraembryonic lineages with self-renewal ability haiTSCs have multipotency to functional trophoblast lineages both in vitro and in vivo High-throughput screening of spongiotrophoblast specification-related genes in haiTSCs Htra1 is a blocker for spongiotrophoblast-specific differentiation
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22
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Takahashi S, Kobayashi S, Hiratani I. Epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1191-1203. [PMID: 29134247 PMCID: PMC5843680 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been 8 years since the concept of naïve and primed pluripotent stem cell states was first proposed. Both are states of pluripotency, but exhibit slightly different properties. The naïve state represents the cellular state of the preimplantation mouse blastocyst inner cell mass, while the primed state is representative of the post-implantation epiblast cells. These two cell types exhibit clearly distinct developmental potential, as evidenced by the fact that naïve cells are able to contribute to blastocyst chimeras, while primed cells cannot. However, the epigenetic differences that underlie the distinct developmental potential of these cell types remain unclear, which is rather surprising given the large amount of active investigation over the years. Elucidating such epigenetic differences should lead to a better understanding of the fundamental properties of these states of pluripotency and the means by which the naïve-to-primed transition occurs, which may provide insights into the essence of stem cell commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Takahashi
- Laboratory for Developmental Epigenetics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shin Kobayashi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koutou-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.
- Department of Epigenetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Hiratani
- Laboratory for Developmental Epigenetics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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23
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Qu C, Yan M, Yang S, Wang L, Yin Q, Liu Y, Chen Y, Li J. Haploid embryonic stem cells can be enriched and maintained by simple filtration. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5230-5235. [PMID: 29449377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) serve as a powerful tool for genetic analyses at both the cellular and organismal levels. However, spontaneous diploidization of haESCs limits their use in these analyses. Addition of small molecules to the culture medium to control the cell cycle can slow down diploidization, but cell-sorting methods such as FACS are still required to enrich haploid cells for long-term maintenance in vitro Here, acting on our observation that haploid and diploidized cells differ in diameter, we developed a simplified filtration method to enrich haploid cells from cultured haESCs. We found that regular cell filtration with this system reliably maintained the haploidy of mouse haESCs for over 30 passages. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout and knockin were successfully achieved in the filtered cells, leading to stable haploid cell lines carrying the desired gene modifications. Of note, by injecting haESCs into metaphase II oocytes, we efficiently obtained live mice with the expected genetic traits, indicating that regular filtration maintained the functional integrity of haESCs. Moreover, this filtration system was also feasible for derivation of mouse haESCs from parthenogenetic haploid blastocysts and for human haESC maintenance. In conclusion, we have identified a reliable, efficient, and easy-to-handle technique for countering diploidization of haploid cells, a major obstacle in haESC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Meng Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Suming Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Lingbo Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Qi Yin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Yuan Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yeguang Chen
- the State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
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24
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He W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Xiong Z, Hu X, Wang M, Zhang L, Zhao K, Qiao Z, Lai W, Lv C, Kou X, Zhao Y, Yin J, Liu W, Jiang Y, Chen M, Xu R, Le R, Li C, Wang H, Wan X, Wang H, Han Z, Jiang C, Gao S, Chen J. Reduced Self-Diploidization and Improved Survival of Semi-cloned Mice Produced from Androgenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells through Overexpression of Dnmt3b. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:477-493. [PMID: 29396184 PMCID: PMC5831042 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells (AG-haESCs) hold great promise for exploring gene functions and generating gene-edited semi-cloned (SC) mice. However, the high incidence of self-diploidization and low efficiency of SC mouse production are major obstacles preventing widespread use of these cells. Moreover, although SC mice generation could be greatly improved by knocking out the differentially methylated regions of two imprinted genes, 50% of the SC mice did not survive into adulthood. Here, we found that the genome-wide DNA methylation level in AG-haESCs is extremely low. Subsequently, downregulation of both de novo methyltransferase Dnmt3b and other methylation-related genes was determined to be responsible for DNA hypomethylation. We further demonstrated that ectopic expression of Dnmt3b in AG-haESCs could effectively improve DNA methylation level, and the high incidence of self-diploidization could be markedly rescued. More importantly, the developmental potential of SC embryos was improved, and most SC mice could survive into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenteng He
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaobai Zhang
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weisheng Zheng
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Xinjie Hu
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhibin Qiao
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiyi Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Cong Lv
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiqing Yin
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruimin Xu
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rongrong Le
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chong Li
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhiming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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25
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Li H, Guo A, Xie Z, Tu W, Yu J, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhong C, Kang J, Li J, Huang S, Shen L. Stabilization of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells with combined kinase and signal modulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13222. [PMID: 29038567 PMCID: PMC5643530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) provide new possibilities for large-scale genetic screens because they bear only one copy of each chromosome. However, haESCs are prone to spontaneous diploidization through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report that a small molecule combination could restrain mouse haESCs from diploidization by impeding exit from naïve pluripotency and by shortening the S-G2/M phases. Combined with 2i and PD166285, our chemical cocktail could maintain haESCs in the haploid state for at least five weeks without fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) enrichment of haploid cells. Taken together, we established an effective chemical approach for long-term maintenance of haESCs, and highlighted that proper cell cycle progression was critical for the maintenance of haploid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Ao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanzhi Tu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cuiqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Li Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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26
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Simple Meets Single: The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2601746. [PMID: 29109740 PMCID: PMC5646320 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2601746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system provides a powerful method for the genetic manipulation of the mammalian genome, allowing knockout of individual genes as well as the generation of genome-wide knockout cell libraries for genetic screening. However, the diploid status of most mammalian cells restricts the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in genetic screening. Mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have only one set of chromosomes per cell, avoiding the issue of heterozygous recessive mutations in diploid cells. Thus, the combination of haESCs and CRISPR/Cas9 facilitates the generation of genome-wide knockout cell libraries for genetic screening. Here, we review recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9 and haPSCs and discuss their applications in genetic screening.
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27
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Abstract
Haploid cells are excellent tools to study gene function as they contain a single copy of the genome and are thus unable to mask the effect of mutations. Recently, haploid embryonic stem cells, which are capable of self-renewal and potentially differentiating into other cell types despite having only one set of chromosomes, have been established in several species. These unique haploid cells allow us to seek recessive gene functions in mammals, and have had a profound influence on the field of genetic screening and drug target identification. In this review, we briefly introduce advances and breakthroughs in haploid cell line research and broadly discuss the versatile application thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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28
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Abstract
Although haploidy has not been observed in vertebrates, its natural occurrence in various eukaryotic species that had diverged from diploid ancestors suggests that there is an innate capacity for an organism to regain haploidy and that haploidy may confer evolutionary benefits. Haploid embryonic stem cells have been experimentally generated from mouse, rat, monkey, and humans. Haploidy results in major differences in cell size and gene expression levels while also affecting parental imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, and mitochondrial metabolism genes. We discuss here haploidy in evolution and the barriers to haploidy, in particular in the human context.
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29
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Freimann R, Wutz A. A fast and efficient size separation method for haploid embryonic stem cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:054117. [PMID: 29152028 PMCID: PMC5663646 DOI: 10.1063/1.5006326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemizygous mutations introduced in haploid genomes can directly expose a phenotype, thus facilitating gene function analysis and forward genetic screening. Recently, mammalian haploid cells could be derived from mouse, rat, monkey, and human embryos and have been applied to screens of cellular mechanisms including cell signaling, pathogen host factors, and developmental pathways. Notably, haploid cell cultures have an intrinsic tendency for diploidization and, thus, require periodic cell sorting. Here, we report a method for rapid purification of haploid mouse embryonic stem cells from mixed cell populations with high viability and yield. Our method uses membranes with micrometer pores for force-free separation and facilitates enrichment of haploid cells without flow cytometry. The separation method simplifies maintaining haploid cell cultures and has further applications in establishing haploid cell lines from embryos and isolating cell cycle phases of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Freimann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hönggerberg, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Wutz
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hönggerberg, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Hirabayashi M, Hara H, Goto T, Takizawa A, Dwinell MR, Yamanaka T, Hochi S, Nakauchi H. Haploid embryonic stem cell lines derived from androgenetic and parthenogenetic rat blastocysts. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:611-616. [PMID: 28824040 PMCID: PMC5735273 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to establish haploid embryonic stem (ES) cell lines using fluorescent marker-carrying rats. In the first series, 7 ES cell lines were established from 26 androgenetic
haploid blastocysts. However, only 1 ES cell line (ahES-2) was found to contain haploid cells (1n = 20 + X) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and karyotypic analyses. No chimeras were detected among the 10
fetuses and 41 offspring derived from blastocyst injection with the FACS-purified haploid cells. In the second series, 2 ES cell lines containing haploid cells (13% in phES-1 and 1% in phES-2) were established from 2
parthenogenetic haploid blastocysts. Only the phES-2 cell population was purified by repeated FACS to obtain 33% haploid cells. Following blastocyst injection with the FACS-purified haploid cells, no chimera was observed
among the 11 fetuses; however, 1 chimeric male was found among the 47 offspring. Although haploid rat ES cell lines can be established from both blastocyst sources, FACS purification may be necessary for maintenance and
chimera production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Present: Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Teppei Goto
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Takizawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI 53226, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hochi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.,Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
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31
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Guo A, Huang S, Yu J, Wang H, Li H, Pei G, Shen L. Single-Cell Dynamic Analysis of Mitosis in Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells Shows the Prolonged Metaphase and Its Association with Self-diploidization. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1124-1134. [PMID: 28457886 PMCID: PMC5425685 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent establishment of mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provides new possibilities for genetic screening and for understanding genome evolution and function. However, the dynamics of mitosis in haploid ESCs is still unclear. Here, we report that the duration of mitosis in haploid ESCs, especially the metaphase, is significantly longer than that in diploid ESCs. Delaying mitosis by chemicals increased self-diploidization of haploid ESCs, while shortening mitosis stabilized haploid ESCs. Taken together, our study suggests that the delayed mitosis of haploid ESCs is associated with self-diploidization. Mitosis is prolonged in haploid ESCs, especially in metaphase Self-diploidization might be associated with the prolonged mitosis of haploid ESCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Haisen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Li Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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32
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Abstract
Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes and are amenable for genetic analyses. In mammals, haploidy exists only in gametes. An intriguing question is whether haploid cells can be derived from gametes. Recently, by application of haploid cell enrichment using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, stable haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been successfully derived from oocyte-derived parthenogenetic and sperm-derived androgenetic embryos from several species. Whilst both parthenogenetic and androgenetic (AG)-haESCs enable whole-genome genetic screening at the cellular level, such as screening of drug resistance or disease-related genes, AG-haESCs, after intracytoplasmic injection into oocytes, can also be used to produce alive semi-cloned mice. Nevertheless, one major drawback associated with wild-type AG-haESCs is the very low birth rate of healthy semi-cloned mice. Of interest, after inhibiting the expression of two paternally imprinted genes (H19 and Gtl2) in AG-haESCs by removal of their differentially DNA methylated regions, double-knockout AG-haESCs can efficiently and stably support the generation of healthy semi-cloned pups. Importantly, double-knockout AG-haESCs are feasible for multiple genetic manipulations, followed by efficient generation of semi-cloned mice carrying multiple genetic traits; thus they could be used to validate candidate loci that have been identified in genome-wide association studies of multigenic diseases by generation of mouse models carrying multiple alterations. Of note, by combining a CRISPR-Cas9 library and double-knockout AG-haESCs, semi-cloned mice carrying different mutant genes can be efficiently generated in one step, enabling functional mutagenic screening in mice. HaESCs, therefore, provide a powerful tool for genetic analyses in mammals at both the cellular and organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bai
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wu
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - J Li
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
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33
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Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. Nature 2016; 532:107-11. [PMID: 26982723 DOI: 10.1038/nature17408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to ensure a diploid genome upon fertilization. Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but haploid human ES cells have yet to be reported. Here we generated and analysed a collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. Moreover, we demonstrated the utility of these cells as a platform for loss-of-function genetic screening. Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. Surprisingly, we found that a haploid human genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers both in vitro and in vivo, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics and development.
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Genome Editing Using Mammalian Haploid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23604-14. [PMID: 26437403 PMCID: PMC4632716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid cells are useful for studying gene functions because disruption of a single allele can cause loss-of-function phenotypes. Recent success in generating haploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in mice, rats, and monkeys provides a new platform for simple genetic manipulation of the mammalian genome. Use of haploid ESCs enhances the genome-editing potential of the CRISPR/Cas system. For example, CRISPR/Cas was used in haploid ESCs to generate multiple knockouts and large deletions at high efficiency. In addition, genome-wide screening is facilitated by haploid cell lines containing gene knockout libraries.
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Zhao H, Yang L, Cui H. SIRT1 regulates autophagy and diploidization in parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kimura Y, Oda M, Nakatani T, Sekita Y, Monfort A, Wutz A, Mochizuki H, Nakano T. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated reporter knock-in in mouse haploid embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10710. [PMID: 26039937 PMCID: PMC4454075 DOI: 10.1038/srep10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells generated from chemically activated oocytes. Haploid ESCs provide an opportunity to study the effect of genetic alterations because of their hemizygotic characteristics. However, their further application for the selection of unique phenotypes remains limited since ideal reporters to monitor biological processes such as cell differentiation are missing. Here, we report the application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of a reporter cassette, which does not disrupt endogenous target genes in mouse haploid ESCs. We first validated the system by inserting the P2A-Venus reporter cassette into the housekeeping gene locus. In addition to the conventional strategy using the Cas9 nuclease, we employed the Cas9 nickase and truncated sgRNAs to reduce off-target mutagenesis. These strategies induce targeted insertions with an efficiency that correlated with sgRNA guiding activity. We also engineered the neural marker gene Sox1 locus and verified the precise insertion of the P2A-Venus reporter cassette and its functionality by monitoring neural differentiation. Our data demonstrate the successful application of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in system for establishing haploid knock-in ESC lines carrying gene specific reporters. Genetically modified haploid ESCs have potential for applications in forward genetic screening of developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masaaki Oda
- Department of Pathology
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoichi Sekita
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Asun Monfort
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Wutz
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, 8049 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Toru Nakano
- Department of Pathology
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- JST, CREST.
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Takahashi S, Lee J, Kohda T, Matsuzawa A, Kawasumi M, Kanai-Azuma M, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F. Induction of the G2/M transition stabilizes haploid embryonic stem cells. J Cell Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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