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Bossen J, Prange R, Kühle JP, Künzel S, Niu X, Hammel JU, Krieger L, Knop M, Ehrhardt B, Uliczka K, Krauss-Etschmann S, Roeder T. Adult and Larval Tracheal Systems Exhibit Different Molecular Architectures in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065628. [PMID: 36982710 PMCID: PMC10052349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowing the molecular makeup of an organ system is required for its in-depth understanding. We analyzed the molecular repertoire of the adult tracheal system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster using transcriptome studies to advance our knowledge of the adult insect tracheal system. Comparing this to the larval tracheal system revealed several major differences that likely influence organ function. During the transition from larval to adult tracheal system, a shift in the expression of genes responsible for the formation of cuticular structure occurs. This change in transcript composition manifests in the physical properties of cuticular structures of the adult trachea. Enhanced tonic activation of the immune system is observed in the adult trachea, which encompasses the increased expression of antimicrobial peptides. In addition, modulatory processes are conspicuous, in this case mainly by the increased expression of G protein-coupled receptors in the adult trachea. Finally, all components of a peripheral circadian clock are present in the adult tracheal system, which is not the case in the larval tracheal system. Comparative analysis of driver lines targeting the adult tracheal system revealed that even the canonical tracheal driver line breathless (btl)-Gal4 is not able to target all parts of the adult tracheal system. Here, we have uncovered a specific transcriptome pattern of the adult tracheal system and provide this dataset as a basis for further analyses of the adult insect tracheal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bossen
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- German Lung Center (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruben Prange
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Philip Kühle
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Xiao Niu
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg U. Hammel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Materials Physics, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Laura Krieger
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birte Ehrhardt
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Early Life Origins of CLD, 23485 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Early Life Origins of CLD, 23485 Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- German Lung Center (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Research Center Borstel, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Early Life Origins of CLD, 23485 Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- German Lung Center (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-880-81
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Wang Z, Bosveld F, Bellaïche Y. Tricellular junction proteins promote disentanglement of daughter and neighbour cells during epithelial cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.215764. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial tissue, new cell-cell junctions are formed upon cytokinesis. To understand junction formation during cytokinesis, we explored in Drosophila epithelium, de novo formation of tricellular septate junctions (TCJs). We found that upon midbody formation, the membranes of the two daughter cells and of the neighbouring cells located below the adherens junction (AJ) remain entangled in a 4-cell structure apposed to the midbody. The septate junction protein Discs-Large and components of the TCJ, Gliotactin and Anakonda accumulate in this 4-cell structure. Subsequently, a basal movement of the midbody parallels the detachment of the neighbouring cell membranes from the midbody, the disengagement of the daughter cells from their neighbours and the reorganisation of TCJs between the two daughter cells and their neighbouring cells. While the movement of midbody is independent of the Alix and Shrub abscission regulators, the loss of Gliotactin or Anakonda function impedes both the resolution of the connection between the daughter-neighbour cells and midbody movement. TCJ proteins therefore control an additional step of cytokinesis necessary for the disentanglement of the daughter cells and their neighbours during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, France
| | - Floris Bosveld
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaïche
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, F-75005, France
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Thieleke-Matos C, Osório DS, Carvalho AX, Morais-de-Sá E. Emerging Mechanisms and Roles for Asymmetric Cytokinesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:297-345. [PMID: 28526136 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis completes cell division by physically separating the contents of the mother cell between the two daughter cells. This event requires the highly coordinated reorganization of the cytoskeleton within a precise window of time to ensure faithful genomic segregation. In addition, recent progress in the field highlighted the importance of cytokinesis in providing particularly important cues in the context of multicellular tissues. The organization of the cytokinetic machinery and the asymmetric localization or inheritance of the midbody remnants is critical to define the spatial distribution of mechanical and biochemical signals. After a brief overview of the conserved steps of animal cytokinesis, we review the mechanisms controlling polarized cytokinesis focusing on the challenges of epithelial cytokinesis. Finally, we discuss the significance of these asymmetries in defining embryonic body axes, determining cell fate, and ensuring the correct propagation of epithelial organization during proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thieleke-Matos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division and Genomic stability, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, and i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D S Osório
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cytoskeletal Dynamics, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, and i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A X Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cytoskeletal Dynamics, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, and i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Morais-de-Sá
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division and Genomic stability, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, and i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Amarnath S, Agarwala S. Cell-cycle-dependent TGFβ-BMP antagonism regulates neural tube closure by modulating tight junctions. J Cell Sci 2016; 130:119-131. [PMID: 27034139 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organs form by invaginating and rolling flat epithelial cell sheets into tubes. Invagination of the ventral midline of the neural plate forms the median hinge point (MHP), an event that elevates the neural folds and is essential for neural tube closure (NTC). MHP formation involves dynamic spatiotemporal modulations of cell shape, but how these are achieved is not understood. Here, we show that cell-cycle-dependent BMP and TGFβ antagonism elicits MHP formation by dynamically regulating interactions between apical (PAR complex) and basolateral (LGL) polarity proteins. TGFβ and BMP-activated receptor (r)-SMADs [phosphorylated SMAD2 or SMAD3 (pSMAD2,3), or phosphorylated SMAD1, SMAD5 or SMAD8 (pSMAD1,5,8)] undergo cell-cycle-dependent modulations and nucleo-cytosolic shuttling along the apicobasal axis of the neural plate. Non-canonical TGFβ and BMP activity in the cytosol determines whether pSMAD2,3 or pSMAD1,5,8 associates with the tight junction (PAR complex) or with LGL, and whether cell shape changes can occur at the MHP. Thus, the interactions of BMP and TGFβ with polarity proteins dynamically modulate MHP formation by regulating r-SMAD competition for tight junctions and r-SMAD sequestration by LGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Amarnath
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Seema Agarwala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA .,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Djabrayan NJV, Casanova J. Snoo and Dpp Act as Spatial and Temporal Regulators Respectively of Adult Progenitor Cells in the Drosophila Trachea. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005909. [PMID: 26942411 PMCID: PMC4778947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusters of differentiated cells contributing to organ structures retain the potential to re-enter the cell cycle and replace cells lost during development or upon damage. To do so, they must be designated spatially and respond to proper activation cues. Here we show that in the case of Drosophila differentiated larval tracheal cells, progenitor potential is conferred by the spatially restricted activity of the Snoo transcription cofactor. Furthermore, Dpp signalling regulated by endocrine hormonal cues provides the temporal trigger for their activation. Finally, we elucidate the genetic network elicited by Snoo and Dpp activity. These results illustrate a regulatory mechanism that translates intrinsic potential and extrinsic cues into the facultative stem cell features of differentiated progenitors. An important feature of organs is their ability to maintain their structure and function in spite of natural or accidental cell loss. This capacity is often sustained by so-called stem cells, which are able to provide new cells of the different types in the organ. In addition, some specialized cells, known as facultative stem cells, also retain the ability to re-enter the cell cycle and replace lost tissue. This process has to be very precisely regulated to provide for the maintenance of the tissues and organs while preventing uncontrolled cellular growth. We have analysed this mechanism in the Drosophila trachea; there, a group of Differentiated Adult Progenitor cells (or DAP cells) share the features of facultative stem cells as they remain quiescent during larval growth, reactivate their proliferation at the last larval stage and give rise to the different cell types of the adult tracheal network during metamorphosis. The DAP cells, conversely to the majority of the larval cells, do not enter endocycle and by doing so they acquire the features of adult progenitor cells. In this paper we identify the regulatory mechanism that integrates spatial and temporal cues to precisely activate the tracheal adult progenitor program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareg J.-V. Djabrayan
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (NJVD); (JC)
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail: (NJVD); (JC)
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Levine BD, Cagan RL. Drosophila Lung Cancer Models Identify Trametinib plus Statin as Candidate Therapeutic. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1477-1487. [PMID: 26832408 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a Drosophila lung cancer model by targeting Ras1(G12V)--alone or in combination with PTEN knockdown--to the Drosophila tracheal system. This led to overproliferation of tracheal tissue, formation of tumor-like growths, and animal lethality. Screening a library of FDA-approved drugs identified several that improved overall animal survival. We explored two hits: the MEK inhibitor trametinib and the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin. Oral administration of these drugs inhibited Ras and PI3K pathway activity, respectively; in addition, fluvastatin inhibited protein prenylation downstream of HMG-CoA reductase to promote survival. Combining drugs led to synergistic suppression of tumor formation and rescue lethality; similar synergy was observed in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Notably, fluvastatin acted both within transformed cells and also to reduce whole-body trametinib toxicity in flies. Our work supports and provides further context for exploring the potential of combining statins with MAPK inhibitors such as trametinib to improve overall therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Levine
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-1020, USA
| | - Ross L Cagan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-1020, USA.
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Aydogan V, Lenard A, Denes AS, Sauteur L, Belting HG, Affolter M. Endothelial cell division in angiogenic sprouts of differing cellular architecture. Biol Open 2015; 4:1259-69. [PMID: 26369932 PMCID: PMC4610218 DOI: 10.1242/bio.012740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature of the zebrafish trunk is composed of tubes with different cellular architectures. Unicellular tubes form their lumen through membrane invagination and transcellular cell hollowing, whereas multicellular vessels become lumenized through a chord hollowing process. Endothelial cell proliferation is essential for the subsequent growth and maturation of the blood vessels. However, how cell division, lumen formation and cell rearrangement are coordinated during angiogenic sprouting has so far not been investigated at detailed cellular level. Reasoning that different tubular architectures may impose discrete mechanistic constraints on endothelial cell division, we analyzed and compared the sequential steps of cell division, namely mitotic rounding, cytokinesis, actin re-distribution and adherence junction formation, in different blood vessels. In particular, we characterized the interplay between cell rearrangement, mitosis and lumen dynamics within unicellular and multicellular tubes. The lumen of unicellular tubes becomes constricted and is ultimately displaced from the plane of cell division, where a de novo junction forms through the recruitment of junctional proteins at the site of abscission. By contrast, the new junctions separating the daughter cells within multicellular tubes form through the alteration of pre-existing junctions, and the lumen is retained throughout mitosis. We also describe variations in the progression of cytokinesis: while membrane furrowing between daughter cells is symmetric in unicellular tubes, we found that it is asymmetric in those multicellular tubes that contained a taut intercellular junction close to the plane of division. Our findings illustrate that during the course of normal development, the cell division machinery can accommodate multiple tube architectures, thereby avoiding disruptions to the vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahap Aydogan
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Loic Sauteur
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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