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Waas B, Carpenter BS, Franks NE, Merchant OQ, Verhey KJ, Allen BL. Dual and opposing roles for the kinesin-2 motor, KIF17, in Hedgehog-dependent cerebellar development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eade1650. [PMID: 38669326 PMCID: PMC11051677 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
While the kinesin-2 motors KIF3A and KIF3B have essential roles in ciliogenesis and Hedgehog (HH) signal transduction, potential role(s) for another kinesin-2 motor, KIF17, in HH signaling have yet to be explored. Here, we investigated the contribution of KIF17 to HH-dependent cerebellar development, where Kif17 is expressed in both HH-producing Purkinje cells and HH-responding cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs). Germline Kif17 deletion in mice results in cerebellar hypoplasia due to reduced CGNP proliferation, a consequence of decreased HH pathway activity mediated through decreased Sonic HH (SHH) protein. Notably, Purkinje cell-specific Kif17 deletion partially phenocopies Kif17 germline mutants. Unexpectedly, CGNP-specific Kif17 deletion results in the opposite phenotype-increased CGNP proliferation and HH target gene expression due to altered GLI transcription factor processing. Together, these data identify KIF17 as a key regulator of HH-dependent cerebellar development, with dual and opposing roles in HH-producing Purkinje cells and HH-responding CGNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Waas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brandon S. Carpenter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30061, USA
| | - Nicole E. Franks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Olivia Q. Merchant
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kristen J. Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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He P, Zhong S, Lin S, Xia Z, Wang L, Han Y, Xu D, Hu S, Li X, Li P, Wang C. FGF9 is required for Purkinje cell development and function in the cerebellum. iScience 2024; 27:109039. [PMID: 38352230 PMCID: PMC10863307 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, which is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been reported that deletion of FGF9 leads to defects in cerebellum development, including Purkinje cell defect. However, it is not clear how FGF9 regulating cerebellar development remains to be determined. Our results showed that in addition to disrupt Bergmann fiber scaffold formation and granule neuron migration, deletion of neuronal FGF9 led to ataxia defects. It affected development and function of Purkinje cells, and also changed the action potential threshold and excitation frequency. Mechanistically, depletion of FGF9 significantly changed neurotransmitter contents in Purkinje cells and led to preferential increase in inflammation, even downregulation in ERK signaling. Together, the data demonstrate that neuronal FGF9 is required for the development and function of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Insufficient FGF9 during cerebellum development will cause ataxia defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaijun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyan Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhe Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325030, Zhejiang, China
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Spice DM, Dierolf J, Kelly GM. Suppressor of Fused Regulation of Hedgehog Signaling is Required for Proper Astrocyte Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:741-755. [PMID: 36103394 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling is essential for vertebrate development; however, less is known about the negative regulators that influence this pathway. Using the mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cell model, suppressor of fused (SUFU), a negative regulator of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, was investigated during retinoic acid (RA)-induced neural differentiation. We found Hh signaling increased activity in the early phase of differentiation, but was reduced during terminal differentiation of neurons and astrocytes. This early increase in pathway activity was required for neural differentiation; however, it alone was not sufficient to induce neural lineages. SUFU, which regulates signaling at the level of Gli, remained relatively unchanged during differentiation, but its loss through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing resulted in ectopic expression of Hh target genes. Interestingly, these SUFU-deficient cells were unable to differentiate toward neural lineages without RA, and when directed toward these lineages, they showed delayed and decreased astrocyte differentiation; neuron differentiation was unaffected. Ectopic activation of Hh target genes in SUFU-deficient cells remained throughout RA-induced differentiation and this was accompanied by the loss of Gli3, despite the presence of the Gli3 message. Thus, the study indicates the proper timing and proportion of astrocyte differentiation requires SUFU, likely acting through Gli3, to reduce Hh signaling during late-stage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Spice
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Dierolf
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory M Kelly
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Xiu C, Gong T, Luo N, Ma L, Zhang L, Chen J. Suppressor of fused-restrained Hedgehog signaling in chondrocytes is critical for epiphyseal growth plate maintenance and limb elongation in juvenile mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:997838. [PMID: 36120578 PMCID: PMC9479194 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.997838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays multiple critical roles in regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during epiphyseal cartilage development. However, it is still unclear whether Hh signaling in chondrocytes is required for growth plate maintenance during juvenile growth, and whether sustained activation of Hh signaling in chondrocytes promotes limb elongation. In this study, we first utilized Hh reporter mice to reveal that Hh signaling was activated in resting and columnar chondrocytes in growth plates of juvenile and adult mice. Next, we genetically modulated Hh signaling by conditionally deleting Smo or Sufu in all or a subpopulation of growth plate chondrocytes, and found that ablation of either Smo or Sufu in chondrocytes of juvenile mice caused premature closure of growth plates and shorter limbs, whereas Osx-Cre-mediated deletion of either of these two genes in prehypertrophic chondrocytes did not lead to obvious growth plate defects, indicating that Hh signaling mainly functions in resting and/or columnar chondrocytes to maintain growth plates at the juvenile stage. At the cellular level, we found that chondrocyte-specific ablation of Smo or Sufu accelerated or suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy, respectively, whereas both decreased chondrocyte proliferation and survival. Thus, our study provided the first genetic evidence to establish the essential cell-autonomous roles for tightly-regulated Hh signaling in epiphyseal growth plate maintenance and limb elongation during juvenile growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xiu
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Luo
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghui Ma
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianquan Chen, ; Lei Zhang,
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianquan Chen, ; Lei Zhang,
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The Conflicting Role of Caffeine Supplementation on Hyperoxia-Induced Injury on the Cerebellar Granular Cell Neurogenesis of Newborn Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5769784. [PMID: 35693697 PMCID: PMC9175096 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5769784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth disrupts cerebellar development, which may be mediated by systemic oxidative stress that damages neuronal developmental stages. Impaired cerebellar neurogenesis affects several downstream targets important for cognition, emotion, and speech. In this study, we demonstrate that oxidative stress induced with high oxygen (80%) for three or five postnatal days (P3/P5) could significantly damage neurogenesis and proliferative capacity of granular cell precursor and Purkinje cells in rat pups. Reversal of cellular neuronal damage after recovery to room air (P15) was augmented by treatment with caffeine. However, downstream transcripts important for migration and differentiation of postmitotic granular cells were irreversibly reduced by hyperoxia, without rescue by caffeine. Protective effects of caffeine in the cerebellum were limited to neuronal survival but failed to restore important transcript signatures.
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Wang W, Shiraishi R, Kawauchi D. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cerebellar Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864035. [PMID: 35573667 PMCID: PMC9100414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulates the development of the central nervous system in vertebrates. Aberrant regulation of SHH signaling pathways often causes neurodevelopmental diseases and brain tumors. In the cerebellum, SHH secreted by Purkinje cells is a potent mitogen for granule cell progenitors, which are the most abundant cell type in the mature brain. While a reduction in SHH signaling induces cerebellar structural abnormalities, such as hypoplasia in various genetic disorders, the constitutive activation of SHH signaling often induces medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most common pediatric malignant brain tumors. Based on the existing literature on canonical and non-canonical SHH signaling pathways, emerging basic and clinical studies are exploring novel therapeutic approaches for MB by targeting SHH signaling at distinct molecular levels. In this review, we discuss the present consensus on SHH signaling mechanisms, their roles in cerebellar development and tumorigenesis, and the recent advances in clinical trials for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Kawauchi,
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Kopinke D, Norris AM, Mukhopadhyay S. Developmental and regenerative paradigms of cilia regulated hedgehog signaling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 110:89-103. [PMID: 32540122 PMCID: PMC7736055 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are immotile appendages that have evolved to receive and interpret a variety of different extracellular cues. Cilia play crucial roles in intercellular communication during development and defects in cilia affect multiple tissues accounting for a heterogeneous group of human diseases called ciliopathies. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is one of these cues and displays a unique and symbiotic relationship with cilia. Not only does Hh signaling require cilia for its function but the majority of the Hh signaling machinery is physically located within the cilium-centrosome complex. More specifically, cilia are required for both repressing and activating Hh signaling by modifying bifunctional Gli transcription factors into repressors or activators. Defects in balancing, interpreting or establishing these repressor/activator gradients in Hh signaling either require cilia or phenocopy disruption of cilia. Here, we will summarize the current knowledge on how spatiotemporal control of the molecular machinery of the cilium allows for a tight control of basal repression and activation states of the Hh pathway. We will then discuss several paradigms on how cilia influence Hh pathway activity in tissue morphogenesis during development. Last, we will touch on how cilia and Hh signaling are being reactivated and repurposed during adult tissue regeneration. More specifically, we will focus on mesenchymal stem cells within the connective tissue and discuss the similarities and differences of how cilia and ciliary Hh signaling control the formation of fibrotic scar and adipose tissue during fatty fibrosis of several tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kopinke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Alessandra M Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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