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Han IS, Hua J, White JS, O’Connor JT, Nassar LS, Tro KJ, Page-McCaw A, Hutson MS. After wounding, a G-protein coupled receptor promotes the restoration of tension in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar66. [PMID: 38536445 PMCID: PMC11151093 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of epithelial barrier function involves cellular tension, with cells pulling on their neighbors to maintain epithelial integrity. Wounding interrupts cellular tension, which may serve as an early signal to initiate epithelial repair. To characterize how wounds alter cellular tension we used a laser-recoil assay to map cortical tension around wounds in the epithelial monolayer of the Drosophila pupal notum. Within a minute of wounding, there was widespread loss of cortical tension along both radial and tangential directions. This tension loss was similar to levels observed with Rok inactivation. Tension was subsequently restored around the wound, first in distal cells and then in proximal cells, reaching the wound margin ∼10 min after wounding. Restoring tension required the GPCR Mthl10 and the IP3 receptor, indicating the importance of this calcium signaling pathway known to be activated by cellular damage. Tension restoration correlated with an inward-moving contractile wave that has been previously reported; however, the contractile wave itself was not affected by Mthl10 knockdown. These results indicate that cells may transiently increase tension and contract in the absence of Mthl10 signaling, but that pathway is critical for fully resetting baseline epithelial tension after it is disrupted by wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy S. Han
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Junmin Hua
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - James S. White
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - James T. O’Connor
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Lila S. Nassar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Kaden J. Tro
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Andrea Page-McCaw
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - M. Shane Hutson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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2
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Kumar M, Has C, Lam-Kamath K, Ayciriex S, Dewett D, Bashir M, Poupault C, Schuhmann K, Thomas H, Knittelfelder O, Raghuraman BK, Ahrends R, Rister J, Shevchenko A. Lipidome Unsaturation Affects the Morphology and Proteome of the Drosophila Eye. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1188-1199. [PMID: 38484338 PMCID: PMC11002927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Organisms respond to dietary and environmental challenges by altering the molecular composition of their glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids (GPLs), which may favorably adjust the physicochemical properties of lipid membranes. However, how lipidome changes affect the membrane proteome and, eventually, the physiology of specific organs is an open question. We addressed this issue in Drosophila melanogaster, which is not able to synthesize sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids but can acquire them from food. We developed a series of semisynthetic foods to manipulate the length and unsaturation of fatty acid moieties in GPLs and singled out proteins whose abundance is specifically affected by membrane lipid unsaturation in the Drosophila eye. Unexpectedly, we identified a group of proteins that have muscle-related functions and increased their abundances under unsaturated eye lipidome conditions. In contrast, the abundance of two stress response proteins, Turandot A and Smg5, is decreased by lipid unsaturation. Our findings could guide the genetic dissection of homeostatic mechanisms that maintain visual function when the eye is exposed to environmental and dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Canan Has
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Khanh Lam-Kamath
- Department
of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Integrated Sciences Complex, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Sophie Ayciriex
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Deepshe Dewett
- Department
of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Integrated Sciences Complex, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Mhamed Bashir
- Department
of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Integrated Sciences Complex, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Clara Poupault
- Department
of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Integrated Sciences Complex, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Kai Schuhmann
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Henrik Thomas
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Oskar Knittelfelder
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Bharath Kumar Raghuraman
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jens Rister
- Department
of Biology, University of Massachusetts
Boston, Integrated Sciences Complex, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max
Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
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Sun X, Decker J, Sanchez-Luege N, Rebay I. Inter-plane feedback coordinates cell morphogenesis and maintains 3D tissue organization in the Drosophila pupal retina. Development 2024; 151:dev201757. [PMID: 38533736 PMCID: PMC11006395 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
How complex organs coordinate cellular morphogenetic events to achieve three-dimensional (3D) form is a central question in development. The question is uniquely tractable in the late Drosophila pupal retina, where cells maintain stereotyped contacts as they elaborate the specialized cytoskeletal structures that pattern the apical, basal and longitudinal planes of the epithelium. In this study, we combined cell type-specific genetic manipulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Abelson (Abl) with 3D imaging to explore how the distinct cellular morphogenetic programs of photoreceptors and interommatidial pigment cells (IOPCs) organize tissue pattern to support retinal integrity. Our experiments show that photoreceptor and IOPC terminal differentiation is unexpectedly interdependent, connected by an intercellular feedback mechanism that coordinates and promotes morphogenetic change across orthogonal tissue planes to ensure correct 3D retinal pattern. We propose that genetic regulation of specialized cellular differentiation programs combined with inter-plane mechanical feedback confers spatial coordination to achieve robust 3D tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jacob Decker
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nicelio Sanchez-Luege
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ilaria Rebay
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Ready DF, Chang HC. Interommatidial cells build a tensile collagen network during Drosophila retinal morphogenesis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2223-2234.e3. [PMID: 37209679 PMCID: PMC10247444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila compound eye morphogenesis transforms a simple epithelium into an approximate hollow hemisphere comprised of ∼700 ommatidia, packed as tapering hexagonal prisms between a rigid external array of cuticular lenses and a parallel, rigid internal floor, the fenestrated membrane (FM). Critical to vision, photosensory rhabdomeres are sprung between these two surfaces, grading their length and shape accurately across the eye and aligning them to the optical axis. Using fluorescently tagged collagen and laminin, we show that that the FM assembles sequentially, emerging in the larval eye disc in the wake of the morphogenetic furrow as the original collagen-containing basement membrane (BM) separates from the epithelial floor and is replaced by a new, laminin-rich BM, which advances around axon bundles of newly differentiated photoreceptors as they exit the retina, forming fenestrae in this new, laminin-rich BM. In mid-pupal development, the interommatidial cells (IOCs) autonomously deposit collagen at fenestrae, forming rigid, tension-resisting grommets. In turn, stress fibers assemble in the IOC basal endfeet, where they contact grommets at anchorages mediated by integrin linked kinase (ILK). The hexagonal network of IOC endfeet tiling the retinal floor couples nearest-neighbor grommets into a supracellular tri-axial tension network. Late in pupal development, IOC stress fiber contraction folds pliable BM into a hexagonal grid of collagen-stiffened ridges, concomitantly decreasing the area of convex FM and applying essential morphogenetic longitudinal tension to rapidly growing rhabdomeres. Together, our results reveal an orderly program of sequential assembly and activation of a supramolecular tensile network that governs Drosophila retinal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Ready
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Henry C Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
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Kumar M, Has C, Lam-Kamath K, Ayciriex S, Dewett D, Bashir M, Poupault C, Schuhmann K, Knittelfelder O, Raghuraman BK, Ahrends R, Rister J, Shevchenko A. Lipidome unsaturation affects the morphology and proteome of the Drosophila eye. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539765. [PMID: 37214967 PMCID: PMC10197557 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While the proteome of an organism is largely determined by the genome, the lipidome is shaped by a poorly understood interplay of environmental factors and metabolic processes. To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms, we analyzed the impacts of dietary lipid manipulations on the ocular proteome of Drosophila melanogaster . We manipulated the lipidome with synthetic food media that differed in the supplementation of an equal amount of saturated or polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. This allowed us to generate flies whose eyes had a highly contrasting length and unsaturation of glycerophospholipids, the major lipid class of biological membranes, while the abundance of other membrane lipid classes remained unchanged. By bioinformatically comparing the resulting ocular proteomic trends and contrasting them with the impacts of vitamin A deficiency, we identified ocular proteins whose abundances are differentially affected by lipid saturation and unsaturation. For instance, we unexpectedly identified a group of proteins that have muscle-related functions and increase their abundances in the eye upon lipidome unsaturation but are unaffected by lipidome saturation. Moreover, we identified two differentially lipid-responsive proteins involved in stress responses, Turandot A and Smg5, whose abundances decrease with lipid unsaturation. Lastly, we discovered that the ocular lipid class composition is robust to dietary changes and propose that this may be a general homeostatic feature of the organization of eukaryotic tissues, while the length and unsaturation of fatty acid moieties is more variable to compensate environmental challenges. We anticipate that these insights into the molecular responses of the Drosophila eye proteome to specific lipid manipulations will guide the genetic dissection of the mechanisms that maintain visual function when the eye is exposed to dietary challenges.
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Sun X, Decker J, Sanchez-Luege N, Rebay I. Orthogonal coupling of a 3D cytoskeletal scaffold coordinates cell morphogenesis and maintains tissue organization in the Drosophila pupal retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531386. [PMID: 36945525 PMCID: PMC10028844 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How complex three-dimensional (3D) organs coordinate cellular morphogenetic events to achieve the correct final form is a central question in development. The question is uniquely tractable in the late Drosophila pupal retina where cells maintain stereotyped contacts as they elaborate the specialized cytoskeletal structures that pattern the apical, basal and longitudinal planes of the epithelium. In this study, we combined cell type-specific genetic manipulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Abelson (Abl) with 3D imaging to explore how the distinct cellular morphogenetic programs of photoreceptors and interommatidial pigment cells coordinately organize tissue pattern to support retinal integrity. Our experiments revealed an unanticipated intercellular feedback mechanism whereby correct cellular differentiation of either cell type can non-autonomously induce cytoskeletal remodeling in the other Abl mutant cell type, restoring retinal pattern and integrity. We propose that genetic regulation of specialized cellular differentiation programs combined with inter-plane mechanical feedback confers spatial coordination to achieve robust 3D tissue morphogenesis.
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7
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Kim AA, Nguyen A, Marchetti M, Du X, Montell DJ, Pruitt BL, O'Brien LE. Independently paced Ca2+ oscillations in progenitor and differentiated cells in an ex vivo epithelial organ. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260249. [PMID: 35722729 PMCID: PMC9450890 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ is a highly dynamic, tightly regulated and broadly conserved cellular signal. Ca2+ dynamics have been studied widely in cellular monocultures, yet organs in vivo comprise heterogeneous populations of stem and differentiated cells. Here, we examine Ca2+ dynamics in the adult Drosophila intestine, a self-renewing epithelial organ in which stem cells continuously produce daughters that differentiate into either enteroendocrine cells or enterocytes. Live imaging of whole organs ex vivo reveals that stem-cell daughters adopt strikingly distinct patterns of Ca2+ oscillations after differentiation: enteroendocrine cells exhibit single-cell Ca2+ oscillations, whereas enterocytes exhibit rhythmic, long-range Ca2+ waves. These multicellular waves do not propagate through immature progenitors (stem cells and enteroblasts), of which the oscillation frequency is approximately half that of enteroendocrine cells. Organ-scale inhibition of gap junctions eliminates Ca2+ oscillations in all cell types - even, intriguingly, in progenitor and enteroendocrine cells that are surrounded only by enterocytes. Our findings establish that cells adopt fate-specific modes of Ca2+ dynamics as they terminally differentiate and reveal that the oscillatory dynamics of different cell types in a single, coherent epithelium are paced independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Nguyen
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Marco Marchetti
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - XinXin Du
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Lucy Erin O'Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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The people behind the papers – Donald Ready and Henry Chang. Development 2021. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Coordinating contractility across tissues is key for maintaining the fidelity of morphogenetic processes. A new paper in Development explains how cytosolic calcium waves in the interommatidial cells, the pigment-secreting cells in the Drosophila eye, lead to remodelling of the retinal floor, by activating contraction of the basal actomyosin stress fibres. We caught up with the authors, Professor Donald Ready and Associate Professor Henry Chang, both from Purdue University, to find out more about this story.
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