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DeMarco EC, Stoner GR, Robles E. A genetic labeling system to study dendritic spine development in zebrafish models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276065. [PMID: 35875841 PMCID: PMC9403749 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the principal site of excitatory synapse formation in the human brain. Several neurodevelopmental disorders cause spines to develop abnormally, resulting in altered spine number and morphology. Although spine development has been thoroughly characterized in the mammalian brain, spines are not unique to mammals. We have developed a genetic system in zebrafish to enable high-resolution in vivo imaging of spine dynamics during larval development. Although spiny neurons are rare in the larval zebrafish, pyramidal neurons (PyrNs) of the zebrafish tectum form an apical dendrite containing a dense array of dendritic spines. To characterize dendritic spine development, we performed mosaic genetic labeling of individual PyrNs labeled by an id2b:gal4 transgene. Our findings identify a developmental period during which PyrN dendrite growth is concurrent with spine formation. Throughout this period, motile, transient filopodia gradually transform into stable spines containing postsynaptic specializations. The utility of this system to study neurodevelopmental disorders was validated by examining spine development in fmr1 mutant zebrafish, a model of fragile X syndrome. PyrNs in fmr1 mutants exhibited pronounced defects in dendrite growth and spine stabilization. Taken together, these findings establish a genetic labeling system to study dendritic spine development in larval zebrafish. In the future, this system could be combined with high-throughput screening approaches to identify genes and drug targets that regulate spine formation. Summary: We have developed a genetic labeling system in zebrafish to enable high-resolution in vivo imaging of dendritic spine dynamics during larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth C DeMarco
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - George R Stoner
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Estuardo Robles
- Department of Biological Sciences and Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Ito H, Kawamata Y, Kamiya M, Tsuda‐Sakurai K, Tanaka S, Ueno T, Komatsu T, Hanaoka K, Okabe S, Miura M, Urano Y. Red‐Shifted Fluorogenic Substrate for Detection of
lac
Z‐Positive Cells in Living Tissue with Single‐Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15702-15706. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Graduate School of Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Present Addresses: Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute USA
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsuda‐Sakurai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST (Japan) Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
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Ito H, Kawamata Y, Kamiya M, Tsuda‐Sakurai K, Tanaka S, Ueno T, Komatsu T, Hanaoka K, Okabe S, Miura M, Urano Y. Red‐Shifted Fluorogenic Substrate for Detection of
lac
Z‐Positive Cells in Living Tissue with Single‐Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yu Kawamata
- Graduate School of Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Present Addresses: Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute USA
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Kayoko Tsuda‐Sakurai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- CREST (Japan) Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
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Weber TS, Perié L, Duffy KR. Inferring average generation via division-linked labeling. J Math Biol 2016; 73:491-523. [PMID: 26733310 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-015-0963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For proliferating cells subject to both division and death, how can one estimate the average generation number of the living population without continuous observation or a division-diluting dye? In this paper we provide a method for cell systems such that at each division there is an unlikely, heritable one-way label change that has no impact other than to serve as a distinguishing marker. If the probability of label change per cell generation can be determined and the proportion of labeled cells at a given time point can be measured, we establish that the average generation number of living cells can be estimated. Crucially, the estimator does not depend on knowledge of the statistics of cell cycle, death rates or total cell numbers. We explore the estimator's features through comparison with physiologically parameterized stochastic simulations and extrapolations from published data, using it to suggest new experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Weber
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Leïla Perié
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Ken R Duffy
- Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
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Strate I, Tessadori F, Bakkers J. Glypican4 promotes cardiac specification and differentiation by attenuating canonical Wnt and Bmp signaling. Development 2015; 142:1767-76. [PMID: 25968312 DOI: 10.1242/dev.113894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glypicans are heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) attached to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, and interact with various extracellular growth factors and receptors. The Drosophila division abnormal delayed (dally) was the first glypican loss-of-function mutant described that displays disrupted cell divisions in the eye and morphological defects in the wing. In human, as in most vertebrates, six glypican-encoding genes have been identified (GPC1-6), and mutations in several glypican genes cause multiple malformations including congenital heart defects. To understand better the role of glypicans during heart development, we studied the zebrafish knypek mutant, which is deficient for Gpc4. Our results demonstrate that knypek/gpc4 mutant embryos display severe cardiac defects, most apparent by a strong reduction in cardiomyocyte numbers. Cell-tracing experiments, using photoconvertable fluorescent proteins and genetic labeling, demonstrate that Gpc4 'Knypek' is required for specification of cardiac progenitor cells and their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we show that Bmp signaling is enhanced in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm of knypek/gpc4 mutants and that genetic inhibition of Bmp signaling rescues the cardiomyocyte differentiation defect observed in knypek/gpc4 embryos. In addition, canonical Wnt signaling is upregulated in knypek/gpc4 embryos, and inhibiting canonical Wnt signaling in knypek/gpc4 embryos by overexpression of the Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 restores normal cardiomyocyte numbers. Therefore, we conclude that Gpc4 is required to attenuate both canonical Wnt and Bmp signaling in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm to allow cardiac progenitor cells to specify and differentiate into cardiomyocytes. This provides a possible explanation for how congenital heart defects arise in glypican-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Strate
- Department of Cardiac Development and Genetics, Hubrecht Institute & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Department of Cardiac Development and Genetics, Hubrecht Institute & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Department of Cardiac Development and Genetics, Hubrecht Institute & University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 EA, The Netherlands
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Patton EE, Dhillon P, Amatruda JF, Ramakrishnan L. Spotlight on zebrafish: translational impact. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:731-3. [PMID: 24973741 PMCID: PMC4073261 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the zebrafish has emerged as an increasingly prominent model in biomedical research. To showcase the translational impact of the model across multiple disease areas, Disease Models & Mechanisms has compiled a Special Issue that includes thought-provoking reviews, original research reporting new and important insights into disease mechanisms, and novel resources that expand the zebrafish toolkit. This Editorial provides a summary of the issue’s contents, highlighting the diversity of zebrafish disease models and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Paraminder Dhillon
- Disease Models & Mechanisms, The Company of Biologists, Bidder Building, 140 Cowley Road, Cambridgeshire, UK
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