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Mickael M, Łazarczyk M, Kubick N, Gurba A, Kocki T, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG, Sacharczuk M, Religa P. FEZF2 and AIRE1: An Evolutionary Trade-off in the Elimination of Auto-reactive T Cells in the Thymus. J Mol Evol 2024; 92:72-86. [PMID: 38285197 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune Regulator 1 (AIRE1) and Forebrain Embryonic Zinc Finger-Like Protein 2 (FEZF2) play pivotal roles in orchestrating the expression of tissue-restricted antigens (TRA) to facilitate the elimination of autoreactive T cells. AIRE1's presence in the gonads of various vertebrates has raised questions about its potential involvement in gene expression control for germline cell selection. Nevertheless, the evolutionary history of these genes has remained enigmatic, as has the rationale behind their apparent redundancy in vertebrates. Furthermore, the origin of the elimination process itself has remained elusive. To shed light on these mysteries, we conducted a comprehensive evolutionary analysis employing a range of tools, including multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and positive selection assessment. Our investigations revealed intriguing insights. AIRE1 homologs emerged during the divergence of T cells in higher vertebrates, signifying its role in this context. Conversely, FEZF2 exhibited multiple homologs spanning invertebrates, lampreys, and higher vertebrates. Ancestral sequence reconstruction demonstrated distinct origins for AIRE1 and FEZF2, underscoring that their roles in regulating TRA have evolved through disparate pathways. Furthermore, it became evident that both FEZF2 and AIRE1 govern a diverse repertoire of genes, encompassing ancient and more recently diverged targets. Notably, FEZF2 demonstrates expression in both vertebrate and invertebrate embryos and germlines, accentuating its widespread role. Intriguingly, FEZF2 harbors motifs associated with autophagy, such as DKFPHP, SYSELWKSSL, and SYSEL, a process integral to cell selection in invertebrates. Our findings suggest that FEZF2 initially emerged to regulate self-elimination in the gonads of invertebrates. As organisms evolved toward greater complexity, AIRE1 likely emerged to complement FEZF2's role, participating in the regulation of cell selection for elimination in both gonads and the thymus. This dynamic interplay between AIRE1 and FEZF2 underscores their multifaceted contributions to TRA expression regulation across diverse evolutionary contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Mickael
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland.
- Department of Immunology, PM Forskningscentreum, Väpnaregatan 22, 58649, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Marzena Łazarczyk
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Norwin Kubick
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Agata Gurba
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, L Banacha 1, 02-697, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B, 20090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical University, L Banacha 1, 02-697, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Religa
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Solna, Sweden.
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Szukala W, Pilarczyk-Zurek M, Folkert J, Kotlinowski J, Koziel J, Jura J. Depletion of Mcpip1 in murine myeloid cells results in intestinal dysbiosis followed by allergic inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166764. [PMID: 37257731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
MCPIP1 (called also Regnase-1) is a negative regulator of inflammation. Knockout of the Zc3h12a gene, encoding Mcpip1 in cells of myeloid origin (Mcpip1MKO), has a pathological effect on many organs. The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze pathological changes in the skin caused by Mcpip1 deficiency in phagocytes with an emphasis on its molecular mechanism associated with microbiome dysbiosis. Mcpip1MKO mice exhibited spontaneous wound formation on the skin. On a molecular level, the Th2-type immune response was predominantly characterized by an increase in Il5 and Il13 transcript levels, as well as eosinophil and mast cell infiltration. Irritation by DNFB led to a more severe skin contact allergy in Mcpip1MKO mice. Allergic reactions on the skin were strongly influenced by gut dysbiosis and enhanced systemic dissemination of bacteria. This process was followed by activation of the C/EBP pathway in peripheral macrophages, leading to local changes in the cytokine microenvironment that promoted the Th2 response. A reduced bacterial load inhibited allergic inflammation, indicating the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the development of skin diseases. Our results clearly show that MCPIP1 in phagocytes is an essential negative regulator that controls the gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Szukala
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of General Biochemistry, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pilarczyk-Zurek
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Folkert
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of General Biochemistry, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of General Biochemistry, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Ribeiro A, Liu F, Srebrzynski M, Rother S, Adamowicz K, Wadowska M, Steiger S, Anders HJ, Schmaderer C, Koziel J, Lech M. Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Macrophage-Associated Low-Grade Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098031. [PMID: 37175735 PMCID: PMC10179130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate on macrophages and tubular epithelial cells and its role in modulating the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Indoxyl sulfate accumulates in the blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a predictor of overall and cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. To simulate the uremic condition, primary macrophages and tubular epithelial cells were incubated with indoxyl sulfate at low concentrations as well as concentrations found in uremic patients, both alone and upon LPS challenge. The results showed that indoxyl sulfate alone induced the release of reactive oxygen species and low-grade inflammation in macrophages. Moreover, combined with LPS (proinflammatory conditions), indoxyl sulfate significantly increased TNF-α, CCL2, and IL-10 release but did not significantly affect the polarization of macrophages. Pre-treatment with indoxyl sulfate following LPS challenge induced the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, experiments with tubular epithelial cells revealed that indoxyl sulfate might induce senescence in parenchymal cells and therefore participate in the progression of inflammaging. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that indoxyl sulfate provokes low-grade inflammation, modulates macrophage function, and enhances the inflammatory response associated with LPS. Finally, indoxyl sulfate signaling contributes to the senescence of tubular epithelial cells during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Feiyue Liu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Srebrzynski
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Rother
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Karina Adamowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Wadowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Lech
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Nephrologisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Pydyn N, Kadluczka J, Major P, Hutsch T, Belamri K, Malczak P, Radkowiak D, Budzynski A, Miekus K, Jura J, Kotlinowski J. Hepatic MCPIP1 protein levels are reduced in NAFLD patients and are predominantly expressed in cholangiocytes and liver endothelium. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0008. [PMID: 36809310 PMCID: PMC9949814 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes. NAFLD can range from simple steatosis to the aggressive form called NASH, which is characterized by both fatty liver and liver inflammation. Without proper treatment, NAFLD may further progress to life-threatening complications, such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver failure. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1, alias Regnase 1) is a negative regulator of inflammation, acting through the cleavage of transcripts coding for proinflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of NF-κB activity. METHODS In this study, we investigated MCPIP1 expression in the liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from a cohort of 36 control and NAFLD patients hospitalized due to bariatric surgery or primary inguinal hernia laparoscopic repair. Based on liver histology data (hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red-O staining), 12 patients were classified into the NAFL group, 19 into the NASH group, and 5 into the control (non-NAFLD) group. Biochemical characterization of patient plasma was followed by expression analysis of genes regulating inflammation and lipid metabolism. The MCPIP1 protein level was reduced in the livers of NAFL and NASH patients in comparison to non-NAFLD control individuals. In addition, in all groups of patients, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of MCPIP1 was higher in the portal fields and bile ducts in comparison to the liver parenchyma and central vein. The liver MCPIP1 protein level negatively correlated with hepatic steatosis but not with patient body mass index or any other analyte. The MCPIP1 level in PBMCs did not differ between NAFLD patients and control patients. Similarly, in patients' PBMCs there were no differences in the expression of genes regulating β-oxidation (ACOX1, CPT1A, and ACC1) and inflammation (TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, and CCL2), or transcription factors controlling metabolism (FAS, LCN2, CEBPB, SREBP1, PPARA, and PPARG). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that MCPIP1 protein levels are reduced in NAFLD patients, but further research is needed to investigate the specific role of MCPIP1 in NAFL initiation and the transition to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pydyn
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kadluczka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hutsch
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory ALAB Bioscience, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Belamri
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory ALAB Bioscience, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Malczak
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Radkowiak
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budzynski
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Lichtnekert J, Anders HJ, Lech M. Lupus Nephritis: Current Perspectives and Moving Forward. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6533-6552. [PMID: 36483271 PMCID: PMC9726217 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s363722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a severe organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and its pathogenesis involves complex etiology and mechanisms. Despite significant knowledge gains and extensive efforts put into understanding the development and relapsing disease activity, lupus nephritis remains a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in lupus patients. Current therapies retain a significant unmet medical need regarding rates of complete response, preventing relapse of lupus nephritis, progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure, drug toxicity, and pill burden-related drug non-adherence. Connected to progression of chronic kidney disease are the associated risks for disabling or even lethal cardiovascular events, as well as chronic kidney disease-related secondary immunodeficiency and serious infections. In this regard, biomarkers are needed that can predict treatment response to specific drugs to enable personalized precision medicine. A series of clinical trials with innovative immunomodulatory drugs are ongoing and raise expectations for improvements in the management of lupus nephritis. Here, we review how new developments in pathogenesis connect with current and future perspectives for the management of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lichtnekert
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
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Lin J, Lu Z, Li G, Zhang C, Lu H, Gao S, Zhu R, Huang H, Aden K, Wang J, Cong Y, Wu H, Liu Z. MCPIP-1-Mediated Immunosuppression of Neutrophils Exacerbates Acute Bacterial Peritonitis and Liver Injury. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:262-282. [PMID: 36273448 PMCID: PMC10643898 DOI: 10.1159/000526784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP-1) is highly expressed in activated immune cells and negatively regulates immune responses, while the mechanisms underlying the immunoregulation of neutrophils in acute bacterial infection and liver injury remain elusive. Here, we examined the role of MCPIP-1 in regulating neutrophil functions during acute bacterial peritonitis and liver injury. Mice with myeloid cell-specific overexpression (McpipMye-tg) or knockout (McpipΔMye) of MCPIP-1 were generated. We found that reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase production, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and migratory capacity were deficient in McpipMye-tg neutrophils but enhanced in McpipΔMye neutrophils. The recruitment of neutrophils and pathogen clearance were markedly suppressed in McpipMye-tg mice following intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella typhimurium while intensified in McpipΔMye mice. Severe acute S. typhimurium-infected peritonitis and liver injury occurred in McpipMye-tg mice but were alleviated in McpipΔMye mice. RNA sequencing, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and qPCR analysis revealed that MCPIP-1 downregulated the protective functions of neutrophils via degrading the mRNA of cold inducible RNA-binding protein. Consistently, MCPIP-1 was highly expressed in neutrophils of patients with acute infectious diseases, especially in those with liver injury. Collectively, we uncover that MCPIP-1 negatively regulates the antibacterial capacities of neutrophils, leading to exacerbating severe acute bacterial peritonitis and liver injury. It may serve as a candidate target for maintaining neutrophil homeostasis to control acute infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konrad Aden
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Yaku A, Inagaki T, Asano R, Okazawa M, Mori H, Sato A, Hia F, Masaki T, Manabe Y, Ishibashi T, Vandenbon A, Nakatsuka Y, Akaki K, Yoshinaga M, Uehata T, Mino T, Morita S, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Morinobu A, Tsujimura T, Ogo T, Nakaoka Y, Takeuchi O. Regnase-1 Prevents Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Through mRNA Degradation of Interleukin-6 and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Alveolar Macrophages. Circulation 2022; 146:1006-1022. [PMID: 35997026 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a type of pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling, resulting in right-sided heart failure. Although the pathogenesis of PAH is not fully understood, inflammatory responses and cytokines have been shown to be associated with PAH, in particular, with connective tissue disease-PAH. In this sense, Regnase-1, an RNase that regulates mRNAs encoding genes related to immune reactions, was investigated in relation to the pathogenesis of PH. METHODS We first examined the expression levels of ZC3H12A (encoding Regnase-1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with PH classified under various types of PH, searching for an association between the ZC3H12A expression and clinical features. We then generated mice lacking Regnase-1 in myeloid cells, including alveolar macrophages, and examined right ventricular systolic pressures and histological changes in the lung. We further performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary arteries to identify genes regulated by Regnase-1 in alveolar macrophages. RESULTS ZC3H12A expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was inversely correlated with the prognosis and severity of disease in patients with PH, in particular, in connective tissue disease-PAH. The critical role of Regnase-1 in controlling PAH was also reinforced by the analysis of mice lacking Regnase-1 in alveolar macrophages. These mice spontaneously developed severe PAH, characterized by the elevated right ventricular systolic pressures and irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling, which recapitulated the pathology of patients with PAH. Transcriptomic analysis of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary arteries of these PAH mice revealed that Il6, Il1b, and Pdgfa/b are potential targets of Regnase-1 in alveolar macrophages in the regulation of PAH. The inhibition of IL-6 (interleukin-6) by an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody or platelet-derived growth factor by imatinib but not IL-1β (interleukin-1β) by anakinra, ameliorated the pathogenesis of PAH. CONCLUSIONS Regnase-1 maintains lung innate immune homeostasis through the control of IL-6 and platelet-derived growth factor in alveolar macrophages, thereby suppressing the development of PAH in mice. Furthermore, the decreased expression of Regnase-1 in various types of PH implies its involvement in PH pathogenesis and may serve as a disease biomarker, and a therapeutic target for PH as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Yaku
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (A.Y., A.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
| | - Ryotaro Asano
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
- Department of Advanced Medical Research for Pulmonary Hypertension (R.A., T.O.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.A., T.O.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Okazawa
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
| | - Hiroyoshi Mori
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (A.S., T.T.)
| | - Fabian Hia
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masaki
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
| | - Yusuke Manabe
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (Y.M.)
| | - Tomohiko Ishibashi
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (A.V.), Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kotaro Akaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehata
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine (S.M.), Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda
- Department of Pathology (H.I.-U.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology (A.Y., A.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsujimura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan (A.S., T.T.)
| | - Takeshi Ogo
- Department of Advanced Medical Research for Pulmonary Hypertension (R.A., T.O.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (R.A., T.O.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakaoka
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan (T. Inagaki, R.A., M.O., H.M., T. Masaki, Y.M., T. Ishibashi, Y. Nakaoka)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y. Nakaoka), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Cardiovascular Medicine (Y. Nakaoka), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry (A.Y., F.H., Y. Nakatsuka, K.A., M.Y., T.U., T. Mino, O.T.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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8
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Identification of macrophages in normal and injured mouse tissues using reporter lines and antibodies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4542. [PMID: 35296717 PMCID: PMC8927419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08278-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable tools for macrophage identification in mouse tissues are critical for studies investigating inflammatory and reparative responses. Transgenic reporter mice and anti-macrophage antibodies have been used as “specific pan-macrophage” markers in many studies; however, organ-specific patterns of expression and non-specific labeling of other cell types, such as fibroblasts, may limit their usefulness. Our study provides a systematic comparison of macrophage labeling patterns in normal and injured mouse tissues, using the CX3CR1 and CSF1R macrophage reporter lines and anti-macrophage antibodies. Moreover, we tested the specificity of macrophage antibodies using the fibroblast-specific PDGFR\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α reporter line. Mouse macrophages exhibit organ-specific differences in expression of macrophage markers. Hepatic macrophages are labeled for CSF1R, Mac2 and F4/80, but lack CX3CR1 expression, whereas in the lung, the CSF1R+/Mac2+/Mac3+ macrophage population is not labeled with F4/80. In the splenic red pulp, subpopulations of CSF1R+/F4/80+/Mac3+cells were labeled with Mac2, CX3CR1 and lysozyme M. In the kidney, Mac2, Mac3 and lysozyme M labeled a fraction of the CSF1R+ and CX3CR1+ macrophages, but also stained tubular epithelial cells. In normal hearts, the majority of CSF1R+ and CX3CR1+ cells were not detected with anti-macrophage antibodies. Myocardial infarction was associated with marked expansion of the CSF1R+ and CX3CR1+ populations that peaked during the proliferative phase of cardiac repair, and also expressed Mac2, Mac3 and lysozyme M. In normal mouse tissues, a small fraction of cells labeled with anti-macrophage antibodies were identified as PDGFR\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α+ fibroblasts, using a reporter system. The population of PDGFR\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α+ cells expressing macrophage markers expanded following injury, likely reflecting emergence of cellular phenotypes with both fibroblast and macrophage characteristics. In conclusion, mouse macrophages exhibit remarkable heterogeneity. Selection of the most appropriate markers for identification of macrophages in mouse tissues is dependent on the organ and the pathologic condition studied.
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9
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Ribeiro A, Dobosz E, Krill M, Köhler P, Wadowska M, Steiger S, Schmaderer C, Koziel J, Lech M. Macrophage-Specific MCPIP1/Regnase-1 Attenuates Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Shaping the Local Inflammatory Response and Tissue Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030397. [PMID: 35159206 PMCID: PMC8834155 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile inflammation either resolves the initial insult or leads to tissue damage. Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with neutrophilic infiltration, enhanced production of inflammatory mediators, accumulation of necrotic cells and tissue remodeling. Macrophage-dependent microenvironmental changes orchestrate many features of the immune response and tissue regeneration. The activation status of macrophages is influenced by extracellular signals, the duration and intensity of the stimulation, as well as various regulatory molecules. The role of macrophage-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1), also known as Regnase-1, in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and recovery from sterile inflammation remains unresolved. In this study, we showed that macrophage-specific Mcpip1 deletion significantly affects the kidney phenotype. Macrophage-specific Mcpip1 transgenic mice displayed enhanced inflammation and loss of the tubular compartment upon IRI. We showed that MCPIP1 modulates sterile inflammation by negative regulation of Irf4 expression and accumulation of IRF4+ cells in the tissue and, consequently, suppresses the post-ischemic kidney immune response. Thus, we identified MCPIP1 as an important molecular sentinel of immune homeostasis in experimental acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ribeiro
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.R.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ewelina Dobosz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.D.); (M.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Moritz Krill
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.R.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Paulina Köhler
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.R.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Wadowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.D.); (M.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.R.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (E.D.); (M.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Maciej Lech
- LMU Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.R.); (M.K.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Pydyn N, Żurawek D, Kozieł J, Kus E, Wojnar-Lason K, Jasztal A, Fu M, Jura J, Kotlinowski J. Role of Mcpip1 in obesity-induced hepatic steatosis as determined by myeloid and liver-specific conditional knockouts. FEBS J 2021; 288:6563-6580. [PMID: 34058074 PMCID: PMC8988450 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1, alias Regnase 1) is a negative regulator of inflammation, acting through cleavage of transcripts coding for proinflammatory cytokines and by inhibition of NFκB activity. Moreover, it was demonstrated that MCPIP1 regulates lipid metabolism both in adipose tissue and in hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of tissue-specific Mcpip1 deletion on the regulation of hepatic metabolism and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We used control Mcpip1fl/fl mice and animals with deletion of Mcpip1 in myeloid leukocytes (Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre ) and in hepatocytes (Mcpip1fl/fl AlbCre ), which were fed chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre mice fed a chow diet were characterized by a significantly reduced hepatic expression of genes regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, which subsequently resulted in low plasma glucose level and dyslipidemia. These animals also displayed systemic inflammation, demonstrated by increased concentrations of cytokines in the plasma and high Tnfa, Il6, IL1b mRNA levels in the liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Proinflammatory leukocyte infiltration into BAT, together with low expression of Ucp1 and Ppargc1a, resulted in hypothermia of 22-week-old Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre mice. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in phenotype in Mcpip1fl/fl AlbCre mice. Although we detected a reduced hepatic expression of genes regulating glucose metabolism and β-oxidation in these mice, they remained asymptomatic. Upon feeding with a HFD, Mcpip1fl/fl LysMCre mice did not develop obesity, glucose intolerance, nor hepatic steatosis, but were characterized by low plasma glucose level and dyslipidemia, along with proinflammatory phenotype. Mcpip1fl/fl AlbCre animals, following a HFD, became hypercholesterolemic, but accumulated lipids in the liver at the same level as Mcpip1fl/fl mice, and no changes in the level of soluble factors tested in the plasma were detected. We have demonstrated that Mcpip1 protein plays an important role in the liver homeostasis. Depletion of Mcpip1 in myeloid leukocytes, followed by systemic inflammation, has a more pronounced effect on controlling liver metabolism and homeostasis than the depletion of Mcpip1 in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pydyn
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Żurawek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozieł
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Shock/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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