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Iacobini C, Vitale M, Sentinelli F, Haxhi J, Pugliese G, Menini S. Renal Expression and Localization of the Receptor for (Pro)renin and Its Ligands in Rodent Models of Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Age-Dependent Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2217. [PMID: 38396894 PMCID: PMC10888662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR), a versatile protein found in various organs, including the kidney, is implicated in cardiometabolic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, potentially contributing to organ damage. Importantly, changes in (pro)renin/(P)RR system localization during renal injury, a critical information base, remain unexplored. This study investigates the expression and topographic localization of the full length (FL)-(P)RR, its ligands (renin and prorenin), and its target cyclooxygenase-2 and found that they are upregulated in three distinct animal models of renal injury. The protein expression of these targets, initially confined to specific tubular renal cell types in control animals, increases in renal injury models, extending to glomerular cells. (P)RR gene expression correlates with protein changes in a genetic model of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, in diabetic and high-fat-fed mice, (P)RR mRNA levels contradict FL-(P)RR immunoreactivity. Research on diabetic mice kidneys and human podocytes exposed to diabetic glucose levels suggests that this inconsistency may result from disrupted intracellular (P)RR processing, likely due to increased Munc18-1 interacting protein 3. It follows that changes in FL-(P)RR cellular content mechanisms are specific to renal disease etiology, emphasizing the need for consideration in future studies exploring this receptor's involvement in renal damage of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Federica Sentinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jonida Haxhi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (J.H.); (S.M.)
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Tanaka N, Sakamoto T. MT1-MMP as a Key Regulator of Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2187. [PMID: 37681919 PMCID: PMC10486781 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane type1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a member of metalloproteinases that is tethered to the transmembrane. Its major function in cancer progression is to directly degrade the extracellular matrix components, which are mainly type I-III collagen or indirectly type IV collagen through the activation of MMP-2 with a cooperative function of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). MT1-MMP is expressed as an inactive form (zymogen) within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and receives truncation processing via furin for its activation. Upon the appropriate trafficking of MT1-MMP from the ER, the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface membrane, MT1-MMP exhibits proteolytic activities to the surrounding molecules such as extracellular matrix components and cell surface molecules. MT1-MMP also retains a non-proteolytic ability to activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1A) via factors inhibiting the HIF-1 (FIH-1)-Mint3-HIF-1 axis, resulting in the upregulation of glucose metabolism and oxygen-independent ATP production. Through various functions of MT1-MMP, cancer cells gain motility on migration/invasion, thus causing metastasis. Despite the long-time efforts spent on the development of MT1-MMP interventions, none have been accomplished yet due to the side effects caused by off-target effects. Recently, MT1-MMP-specific small molecule inhibitors or an antibody have been reported and these inhibitors could potentially be novel agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan;
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3
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Liu D, Zhan Y, Wu X, Qiao H, Zhang Y, Li B. Design, preparation and characterization of octopus-like self-releasing intracellular protein transporter LEB5 based on Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124172. [PMID: 36966860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of protein drugs as intracellular therapeutic agents, the unmet challenge in breaking through the cell membrane barrier and delivering them to intracellular targets remains. Therefore, developing safe and effective delivery vehicles is critical for fundamental biomedical research and clinical applications. In this study, we designed an octopus-like self-releasing intracellular protein transporter, the LEB5, based on the heat-labile enterotoxin. This carrier comprises five identical units, each of which has three main components: a linker, a self-releasing enzyme sensitivity loop, and the LTB transport domain. The LEB5 comprises five purified monomers that self-assemble to create a pentamer with ganglioside GM1 binding capacity. The fluorescent protein EGFP was used as a reporter system to identify the LEB5 features. The high-purity fusion protein ELEB monomer was produced from modified bacteria carrying pET24a(+)-eleb recombinant plasmids. EGFP protein could effectively detach from LEB5 by low dosage trypsin, according to electrophoresis analysis. The transmission electron microscopy results indicate that both LEB5 and ELEB5 pentamers exhibit a relatively regularly spherical shape, and the differential scanning calorimetry measurements further suggest that these proteins possess excellent thermal stability. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that LEB5 translocated EGFP into different cell types. Flow cytometry showed cellular differences in the transport capacity of LEB5. According to the confocal microscopy, fluorescence analysis and western blotting data, EGFP was transferred to the endoplasmic reticulum by the LEB5 carrier, detached from LEB5 by cleavage of the enzyme-sensitive loop, and released into the cytoplasm. Within the dosage range of LEB5 10-80 μg/mL, cell counting kit-8 assay revealed no significant changes in cell viability. These results demonstrated that LEB5 is a safe and effective intracellular self-releasing delivery vehicle capable of transporting and releasing protein medicines into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yafen Zhan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongping Qiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Yeli Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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Tanaka N, Sakamoto T. Mint3 as a Potential Target for Cooling Down HIF-1α-Mediated Inflammation and Cancer Aggressiveness. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020549. [PMID: 36831085 PMCID: PMC9953510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in cells adapting to a low-oxygen environment by facilitating a switch from oxygen-dependent ATP production to glycolysis. Mediated by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression, Munc-18-1 interacting protein 3 (Mint3) binds to the factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) and inhibits its suppressive effect, leading to HIF-1α activation. Defects in Mint3 generally lead to improved acute inflammation, which is regulated by HIF-1α and subsequent glycolysis, as well as the suppression of the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells directly through its expression in cancer cells and indirectly through its expression in macrophages or fibroblasts associated with cancer. Mint3 in inflammatory monocytes enhances the chemotaxis into metastatic sites and the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, which leads to the expression of E-selectin at the metastatic sites and the extravasation of cancer cells. Fibroblasts express L1 cell adhesion molecules in a Mint3-dependent manner and enhance integrin-mediated cancer progression. In pancreatic cancer cells, Mint3 directly promotes cancer progression. Naphthofluorescein, a Mint3 inhibitor, can disrupt the interaction between FIH-1 and Mint3 and potently suppress Mint3-mediated inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis without causing marked adverse effects. In this review, we will introduce the potential of Mint3 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Devi KP, Pourkarim MR, Thijssen M, Sureda A, Khayatkashani M, Cismaru CA, Neagoe IB, Habtemariam S, Razmjouei S, Khayat Kashani HR. A perspective on the applications of furin inhibitors for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:425-430. [PMID: 35031970 PMCID: PMC8760129 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the world is facing a pandemic of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Identifying key targets in the viral infection lifecycle is urgently needed for designing therapeutic strategies to combat the virus. Furin is a subtilisin-like proprotein convertase with diverse cellular functions. Emerging evidence suggests that furin plays a critical role in the activation and/or infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. In this perspective, we discuss the potential role of furin in the entry SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. Furthermore, we evaluate available peptide and non-peptide furin inhibitors and potential outcomes, including immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Marijn Thijssen
- Division of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cosmin Andrei Cismaru
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immunology and Allergology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The Center for Advanced Medicine, Medfuture-"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The Department for Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Soha Razmjouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1617763141, Tehran, Iran.
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Pharmacological inhibition of Mint3 attenuates tumour growth, metastasis, and endotoxic shock. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1165. [PMID: 34621018 PMCID: PMC8497560 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays essential roles in human diseases, though its central role in oxygen homoeostasis hinders the development of direct HIF-1-targeted pharmacological approaches. Here, we surveyed small-molecule compounds that efficiently inhibit the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 without affecting body homoeostasis. We focused on Mint3, which activates HIF-1 transcriptional activity in limited types of cells, such as cancer cells and macrophages, by suppressing the factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1). We identified naphthofluorescein, which inhibited the Mint3–FIH-1 interaction in vitro and suppressed Mint3-dependent HIF-1 activity and glycolysis in cancer cells and macrophages without evidence of cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo naphthofluorescein administration suppressed tumour growth and metastasis without adverse effects, similar to the genetic depletion of Mint3. Naphthofluorescein attenuated inflammatory cytokine production and endotoxic shock in mice. Thus, Mint3 inhibitors may present a new targeted therapeutic option for cancer and inflammatory diseases by avoiding severe adverse effects. Sakomoto et al. identify naphthofluorescein as a mint3 inhibitor that disrupts the Mint3–FIH-1 interaction and attenuates HIF-1 activity. In vivo experiments in mice reveal a reduction in tumor growth with attenuated inflammatory cytokine production and endotoxic shock, presenting an option for targeted therapies for cancer and inflammatory diseases that avoid severe adverse effects.
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7
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Uematsu T, Tsuchiya K, Kobayashi N, Seiki M, Inoue JI, Kaneko S, Sakamoto T. Mint3 depletion-mediated glycolytic and oxidative alterations promote pyroptosis and prevent the spread of Listeria monocytogenes infection in macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:404. [PMID: 33854054 PMCID: PMC8046764 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection induces pyroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis, in host macrophages via inflammasome activation. Here, we examined the role of Mint3 in macrophages, which promotes glycolysis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activation, during the initiation of pyroptosis following LM infection. Our results showed that Mint3-deficient mice were more resistant to lethal listeriosis than wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, the mutant mice showed higher levels of IL-1β/IL-18 in the peritoneal fluid during LM infection than WT mice. Moreover, ablation of Mint3 markedly increased the activation of caspase-1, maturation of gasdermin D, and pyroptosis in macrophages infected with LM in vitro, suggesting that Mint3 depletion promotes pyroptosis. Further analyses revealed that Mint3 depletion upregulates inflammasome assembly preceding pyroptosis via glycolysis reduction and reactive oxygen species production. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis conferred resistance to listeriosis in a Mint3-dependent manner. Moreover, Mint3-deficient mice treated with the caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 were as susceptible to LM infection as WT mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Mint3 depletion promotes pyroptosis in host macrophages, thereby preventing the spread of LM infection. Mint3 may serve as a target for treating severe listeriosis by inducing pyroptosis in LM-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Noritada Kobayashi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Inoue
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of System Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of System Biology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
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8
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Mint3 is dispensable for pancreatic and kidney functions in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100872. [PMID: 33319072 PMCID: PMC7725678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Munc-18 interacting protein 3 (Mint3) is an activator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in cancer cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts under pathological conditions. However, exactly which cells highly express Mint3 in vivo and whether Mint3 depletion affects their physiological functions remain unclear. Here, we surveyed mouse tissues for specific expression of Mint3 by comparing Mint3 expression in wild-type and Mint3-knockout mice. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Mint3 was highly expressed in islet cells of the pancreas, distal tubular epithelia of the kidney, choroid plexus ependymal cells of the cerebrum, medullary cells of the adrenal gland, and epithelial cells of the seminal gland. We also studied whether Mint3 depletion affects the physiological functions of the islets and kidneys. Mint3-knockout mice did not show any abnormalities in glucose-tolerance and urine-biochemical tests, indicating that Mint3 depletion was compensated for in these organs. Thus, loss of Mint3 might be compensated in the islets and kidneys under physiological conditions in mice. Specific expression of Mint3 in mouse tissues is surveyed. Mint3 is highly expressed in islet cells of the pancreas. Mint3 is highly expressed in distal tubular epithelia of the kidney. Mint3 KO mice do not show any abnormalities in glucose-tolerance tests. Mint3 KO mice do not show any abnormalities in urine-biochemical tests.
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Bhatt JM, Hancock W, Meissner JM, Kaczmarczyk A, Lee E, Viktorova E, Ramanadham S, Belov GA, Sztul E. Promiscuity of the catalytic Sec7 domain within the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1 in ARF activation, Golgi homeostasis, and effector recruitment. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1523-1535. [PMID: 30943106 PMCID: PMC6724685 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-11-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN) is disrupted by brefeldin A (BFA), which inhibits the Golgi-localized BFA-sensitive factor (GBF1) and brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (BIG1 and BIG2). Using a cellular replacement assay to assess GBF1 functionality without interference from the BIGs, we show that GBF1 alone maintains Golgi architecture; facilitates secretion; activates ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)1, 3, 4, and 5; and recruits ARF effectors to Golgi membranes. Unexpectedly, GBF1 also supports TGN integrity and recruits numerous TGN-localized ARF effectors. The impact of the catalytic Sec7 domain (Sec7d) on GBF1 functionality was assessed by swapping it with the Sec7d from ARF nucleotide-binding site opener (ARNO)/cytohesin-2, a plasma membrane GEF reported to activate all ARFs. The resulting chimera (GBF1-ARNO-GBF1 [GARG]) targets like GBF1, supports Golgi/TGN architecture, and facilitates secretion. However, unlike GBF1, GARG activates all ARFs (including ARF6) at the Golgi/TGN and recruits additional ARF effectors to the Golgi/TGN. Our results have general implications: 1) GEF's targeting is independent of Sec7d, but Sec7d influence the GEF substrate specificity and downstream effector events; 2) all ARFs have access to all membranes, but are restricted in their distribution by the localization of their activating GEFs; and 3) effector association with membranes requires the coincidental presence of activated ARFs and specific membrane identifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Bhatt
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - William Hancock
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Justyna M Meissner
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Aneta Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ekaterina Viktorova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - George A Belov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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Hussain H, Fisher DI, Abbott WM, Roth RG, Dickson AJ. Use of a protein engineering strategy to overcome limitations in the production of “Difficult to Express” recombinant proteins. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirra Hussain
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Manchester; M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - David I. Fisher
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park; Milton Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - W. Mark Abbott
- AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park; Milton Cambridge United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan J. Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; Faculty of Science and Engineering; University of Manchester; M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
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11
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Sakamoto T, Seiki M. Integrated functions of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in regulating cancer malignancy: Beyond a proteinase. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1095-1100. [PMID: 28267240 PMCID: PMC5480062 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane‐type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) is expressed in different types of invasive and proliferative cells, including cancer cells and stromal cells. MT1‐MMP cleaves extracellular matrix proteins, membrane proteins and other pericellular proteins, thereby changing the cellular microenvironment and regulating signal activation. Critical roles of protease activity in cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis have been demonstrated by many groups. MT1‐MMP also has a non‐protease activity in that it inhibits the oxygen‐dependent suppression of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) via Munc18‐1‐interacting protein 3 (Mint3) and thereby enhances the expression of HIF target genes. Elevated HIF activity in MT1‐MMP‐expressing cancer cells is a fundamental mechanism underlying the Warburg effect, a well‐known phenomenon where malignant cancer cells exhibit a higher rate of glucose metabolism. Because specific intervention of HIF activation by MT1‐MMP suppresses tumor formation by cancer cells in mice, both the proteolytic and non‐proteolytic activities of MT1‐MMP are important for tumor malignancy and function in an integrated manner. In this review, we summarize recent findings relating to how MT1‐MMP activates HIF and its effects on cancer cells and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Molecular PathologyThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawaJapan
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Mint3/Apba3 depletion ameliorates severe murine influenza pneumonia and macrophage cytokine production in response to the influenza virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37815. [PMID: 27883071 PMCID: PMC5121658 DOI: 10.1038/srep37815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IFV) infection is a common cause of severe pneumonia. Studies have suggested that excessive activation of the host immune system including macrophages is responsible for the severe pathologies mediated by IFV infection. Here, we focused on the X11 protein family member Mint3/Apba3, known to promote ATP production via glycolysis by activating hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in macrophages, and examined its roles in lung pathogenesis and anti-viral defence upon IFV infection. Mint3-deficient mice exhibited improved influenza pneumonia with reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokine levels and neutrophil infiltration in the IFV-infected lungs without alteration in viral burden, type-I interferon production, or acquired immunity. In macrophages, Mint3 depletion attenuated NF-κB signalling and the resultant cytokine/chemokine production in response to IFV infection by increasing IκBα and activating the cellular energy sensor AMPK, respectively. Thus, Mint3 might represent one of the likely therapeutic targets for the treatment of severe influenza pneumonia without affecting host anti-viral defence through suppressing macrophage cytokine/chemokine production.
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13
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Mint3 potentiates TLR3/4- and RIG-I-induced IFN-β expression and antiviral immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11925-11930. [PMID: 27698125 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601556113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) play crucial roles in the elimination of invading viruses. Multiple immune cells including macrophages recognize viral infection through a variety of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors, and initiate type I IFN secretion and subsequent antiviral immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which host immune cells can produce adequate amounts of type I IFNs and then eliminate viruses effectively remain to be further elucidated. In the present study, we show that munc18-1-interacting protein 3 (Mint3) expression can be markedly induced during viral infection in macrophages. Mint3 enhances TLR3/4- and RIG-I-induced IRF3 activation and IFN-β production by promoting K63-linked polyubiquitination of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Consistently, Mint3 deficiency greatly attenuated antiviral immune responses and increased viral replication. Therefore, we have identified Mint3 as a physiological positive regulator of TLR3/4 and RIG-I-induced IFN-β production and have outlined a feedback mechanism for the control of antiviral immune responses.
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Intra- and extracellular plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 regulate effect of vitronectin against radiation-induced endothelial cell death. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:150-158. [PMID: 27650166 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is induced by radiation resulting in endothelial cell impairment, potentially leading to multiple organ failure. Vitronectin (VN) is a 75-kDa glycoprotein (VN75) cleaved into two forms (VN75 or VN65/10) by furin, which is regulated by intracellular PAI-1. VN protects against radiation-induced endothelial cell death, but the mechanisms involved in VN processing and its interactions with intra- and extracellular PAI-1 remain unclear. We examined these processes in cells in vitro using recombinant proteins or overexpression of VN and PAI-1 genes, including furin-susceptible (T381) and furin-resistant VN (A381). VN processing was analyzed using a mutant PAI-1 with relatively weaker binding to VN. VN function was evaluated by survival of radiation-damaged endothelial cells. Wild-type, but not mutant PAI-1 inhibited furin-dependent VN processing. Gene transfer revealed that furin-susceptible VN was processed more than the furin-resistant form, but processing of both was inhibited by PAI-1 overexpression. Intracellular PAI-1 formed a complex with VN75 (T381) in cells and media, and the VN75 form was secreted preferentially. Only VN75 protected against radiation-induced endothelial cell death, in which its effect was abolished by wild-type but not mutant PAI-1. These findings indicate that intracellular PAI-1 inhibits VN processing and protects against radiation-induced endothelial cell death.
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15
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NECAB3 Promotes Activation of Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 during Normoxia and Enhances Tumourigenicity of Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22784. [PMID: 26948053 PMCID: PMC4780031 DOI: 10.1038/srep22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike most cells, cancer cells activate hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) to use glycolysis even at normal oxygen levels, or normoxia. Therefore, HIF-1 is an attractive target in cancer therapy. However, the regulation of HIF-1 during normoxia is not well characterised, although Mint3 was recently found to activate HIF-1 in cancer cells and macrophages by suppressing the HIF-1 inhibitor, factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1). In this study, we analysed Mint3-binding proteins to investigate the mechanism by which Mint3 regulates HIF-1. Yeast two-hybrid screening using Mint3 as bait identified N-terminal EF-hand calcium binding protein 3 (NECAB3) as a novel factor regulating HIF-1 activity via Mint3. NECAB3 bound to the phosphotyrosine-binding domain of Mint3, formed a ternary complex with Mint3 and FIH-1, and co-localised with Mint3 at the Golgi apparatus. Depletion of NECAB3 decreased the expression of HIF-1 target genes and reduced glycolysis in normoxic cancer cells. NECAB3 mutants that binds Mint3 but lacks an intact monooxygenase domain also inhibited HIF-1 activation. Inhibition of NECAB3 in cancer cells by either expressing shRNAs or generating a dominant negative mutant reduced tumourigenicity. Taken together, the data indicate that NECAB3 is a promising new target for cancer therapy.
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16
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Tie HC, Mahajan D, Chen B, Cheng L, VanDongen AMJ, Lu L. A novel imaging method for quantitative Golgi localization reveals differential intra-Golgi trafficking of secretory cargoes. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:848-61. [PMID: 26764092 PMCID: PMC4803310 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-09-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel imaging-based method is introduced to quantitatively localize Golgi proteins at nanometer resolution. The method reveals different intra-Golgi trafficking of secretory cargoes. Cellular functions of the Golgi are determined by the unique distribution of its resident proteins. Currently, electron microscopy is required for the localization of a Golgi protein at the sub-Golgi level. We developed a quantitative sub-Golgi localization method based on centers of fluorescence masses of nocodazole-induced Golgi ministacks under conventional optical microscopy. Our method is rapid, convenient, and quantitative, and it yields a practical localization resolution of ∼30 nm. The method was validated by the previous electron microscopy data. We quantitatively studied the intra-Golgi trafficking of synchronized secretory membrane cargoes and directly demonstrated the cisternal progression of cargoes from the cis- to the trans-Golgi. Our data suggest that the constitutive efflux of secretory cargoes could be restricted at the Golgi stack, and the entry of the trans-Golgi network in secretory pathway could be signal dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieng Chiong Tie
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Divyanshu Mahajan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Bing Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Li Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore 138671 School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117417
| | - Antonius M J VanDongen
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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17
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El Najjar F, Lampe L, Baker ML, Wang LF, Dutch RE. Analysis of cathepsin and furin proteolytic enzymes involved in viral fusion protein activation in cells of the bat reservoir host. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115736. [PMID: 25706132 PMCID: PMC4338073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats of different species play a major role in the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic viruses including Ebola virus, SARS-like coronavirus and the henipaviruses. These viruses require proteolytic activation of surface envelope glycoproteins needed for entry, and cellular cathepsins have been shown to be involved in proteolysis of glycoproteins from these distinct virus families. Very little is currently known about the available proteases in bats. To determine whether the utilization of cathepsins by bat-borne viruses is related to the nature of proteases in their natural hosts, we examined proteolytic processing of several viral fusion proteins in cells derived from two fruit bat species, Pteropus alecto and Rousettus aegyptiacus. Our work shows that fruit bat cells have homologs of cathepsin and furin proteases capable of cleaving and activating both the cathepsin-dependent Hendra virus F and the furin-dependent parainfluenza virus 5 F proteins. Sequence analysis comparing Pteropus alecto furin and cathepsin L to proteases from other mammalian species showed a high degree of conservation; however significant amino acid variation occurs at the C-terminus of Pteropus alecto furin. Further analysis of furin-like proteases from fruit bats revealed that these proteases are catalytically active and resemble other mammalian furins in their response to a potent furin inhibitor. However, kinetic analysis suggests that differences may exist in the cellular localization of furin between different species. Collectively, these results indicate that the unusual role of cathepsin proteases in the life cycle of bat-borne viruses is not due to the lack of active furin-like proteases in these natural reservoir species; however, differences may exist between furin proteases present in fruit bats compared to furins in other mammalian species, and these differences may impact protease usage for viral glycoprotein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah El Najjar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Levi Lampe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Ellis Dutch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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18
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Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant mouse nerve growth factor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 104:41-9. [PMID: 25244938 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mouse NGF (mNGF) extracted from mouse submaxillary gland has been approved on the market in China for treating nerve damage caused by N-hexane poisoning for over a decade, and many researches showed the clinical effectiveness of mNGF for the treatment of other nerve system diseases. The extracted mNGF have risks of potential viral contamination due to the animal origin. Here, we report the successful expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant mNGF (rmNGF). An expression plasmid of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) was constructed and transfected into CHO-S cells. Stable transfectants were obtained using a two-phase selection scheme with the addition of different concentrations of methotrexate and puromycin. Recombinant mNGF (rmNGF) was purified from cell culture medium by a two-step procedure: cation exchange followed by size-exclusion chromatography. The purity of rmNGF was 98.6% determined by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC). The molecular weight, isoelectric point and N-terminal sequence of rmNGF were identical to the theoretical values entirely. In TF-1/MTS, the specific activity of the protein was approximately 1.7×10(6)U/mg against rhNGF (the reference standard). In DRGs, the specific activity was approximately 7.3×10(5)AU/mg against mNGF (the reference standard). Our results showed that a high quality of rmNGF with marked biological activity comparable with mNGF was produced, and laid the basis for further research and development of rmNGF.
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19
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Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 regulation through cross talk between mTOR and MT1-MMP. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:30-42. [PMID: 24164895 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01169-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a key role in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Although HIF-1 is usually strongly suppressed by posttranslational mechanisms during normoxia, HIF-1 is active and enhances tumorigenicity in malignant tumor cells that express the membrane protease MT1-MMP. The cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP, which can bind a HIF-1 suppressor protein called factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), promotes inhibition of FIH-1 by Mint3 during normoxia. To explore possible links between HIF-1 activation by MT1-MMP/Mint3 and tumor growth signals, we surveyed a panel of 252 signaling inhibitors. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was identified as a possible modulator, and it inhibited the mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of Mint3 that is required for FIH-1 inhibition. A mutant Mint3 protein that cannot be phosphorylated exhibited a reduced ability to inhibit FIH-1 and promoted tumor formation in mice. These data suggest a novel molecular link between the important hub proteins MT1-MMP and mTOR that contributes to tumor malignancy.
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20
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Caster AH, Kahn RA. Recruitment of the Mint3 adaptor is necessary for export of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) from the Golgi complex. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28567-80. [PMID: 23965993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitously expressed single-pass transmembrane protein that undergoes proteolytic processing by secretases to generate the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide, the major component in Alzheimer plaques. The traffic of APP through the cell determines its exposure to secretases and consequently the cleavages that generate the pathogenic or nonpathogenic peptide fragments. Despite the likely importance of APP traffic to Alzheimer disease, we still lack clear models for the routing and regulation of APP in cells. Like the traffic of most transmembrane proteins, the binding of adaptors to its cytoplasmic tail, which is 47 residues long and contains at least four distinct sorting motifs, regulates that of APP. We tested each of these for effects on the traffic of APP from the Golgi by mutating key residues within them and examining adaptor recruitment at the Golgi and traffic to post-Golgi site(s). We demonstrate strict specificity for recruitment of the Mint3 adaptor by APP at the Golgi, a critical role for Tyr-682 (within the YENPTY motif) in Mint3 recruitment and export of APP from the Golgi, and we identify LAMP1(+) structures as the proximal destination of APP after leaving the Golgi. Together, these data provide a detailed view of the first sorting step in its route to the cell surface and processing by secretases and further highlight the critical role played by Mint3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda H Caster
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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21
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Abstract
Mislocalization of axonal proteins can result in misassembly and/or miswiring of neural circuits, causing disease. To date, only a handful of genes that control polarized localization of axonal membrane proteins have been identified. Here we report that Drosophila X11/Mint proteins are required for targeting several proteins, including human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Drosophila APP-like protein (APPL), to axonal membranes and for their exclusion from dendrites of the mushroom body in Drosophila, a brain structure involved in learning and memory. Axonal localization of APP is mediated by an endocytic motif, and loss of X11/Mint results in a dramatic increase in cell-surface levels of APPL, especially on dendrites. Mutations in genes required for endocytosis show similar mislocalization of these proteins to dendrites, and strongly enhance defects seen in X11/Mint mutants. These results suggest that X11/Mint-dependent endocytosis in dendrites may serve to promote the axonal localization of membrane proteins. Since X11/Mint binds to APP, and abnormal trafficking of APP contributes to Alzheimer's disease, deregulation of X11/Mint may be important for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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22
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Abstract
Membrane traffic requires the specific concentration of protein cargos and exclusion of other proteins into nascent carriers. Critical components of this selectivity are the protein adaptors that bind to short, linear motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of transmembrane protein cargos and sequester them into nascent carriers. The recruitment of the adaptors is mediated by activated Arf GTPases, and the Arf-adaptor complexes mark sites of carrier formation. However, the nature of the signal(s) that initiates carrier biogenesis remains unknown. We examined the specificity and initial sites of recruitment of Arf-dependent adaptors (AP-1 and GGAs) in response to the Golgi or endosomal localization of specific cargo proteins (furin, mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR), and M6PR lacking a C-terminal domain M6PRΔC). We find that cargo promotes the recruitment of specific adaptors, suggesting that it is part of an upstream signaling event. Cargos do not promote adaptor recruitment to all compartments in which they reside, and thus additional factors regulate the cargo's ability to promote Arf activation and adaptor recruitment. We document that within a given compartment different cargos recruit different adaptors, suggesting that there is little or no free, activated Arf at the membrane and that Arf activation is spatially and temporally coupled to the cargo and the adaptor. Using temperature block, brefeldin A, and recovery from each, we found that the cytoplasmic tail of M6PR causes the recruitment of AP-1 and GGAs to recycling endosomes and not at the Golgi, as predicted by steady state staining profiles. These results are discussed with respect to the generation of novel models for cargo-dependent regulation of membrane traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda H Caster
- Department of Biochemistry and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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23
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Genetic dissection of proteolytic and non-proteolytic contributions of MT1-MMP to macrophage invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:277-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Hara T, Mimura K, Abe T, Shioi G, Seiki M, Sakamoto T. Deletion of the Mint3/Apba3 gene in mice abrogates macrophage functions and increases resistance to lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:32542-51. [PMID: 21778228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.271726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major metabolic systems are usually used to generate ATP: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondria and glycolysis. Most types of cells employ OXPHOS for ATP production during normoxia but then shift energy production from OXPHOS to glycolysis when exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master transcription factor regulating this metabolic shift. On the other hand, macrophages are unique in making use of glycolysis for ATP generation constitutively even during normoxia. We recently proposed that in macrophages, Mint3/APBA3 inhibits factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) during normoxia, which in turn releases the suppression of HIF-1 activity by FIH-1. To demonstrate the physiological function of APBA3 in macrophages, we established Apba3(-/-) mice. The mutant mice presented no apparent gross phenotype but exhibited significant resistance against LPS-induced septic shock. The level of ATP in macrophages obtained from the mutant mice was reduced to 60% of the level observed in wild type cells, which in turn led to reduced ATP-dependent activities such as glycolysis, cytokine production, and motility. We also generated mutant mice with the Apba3 gene deleted specifically from cells of the myeloid lineage and confirmed that LPS-induced septic shock is mitigated significantly. Thus, we show cell type-specific regulation of energy production by APBA3 in macrophages using genetically manipulated mice. The specific function of APBA3 in macrophages might allow us to develop therapeutics to regulate aberrant macrophage function during infection and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Hara
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Sakamoto T, Niiya D, Seiki M. Targeting the Warburg effect that arises in tumor cells expressing membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14691-704. [PMID: 21372132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.188714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor required for cellular adaptation to hypoxia, although its physiological roles and activation mechanisms during normoxia have not been studied sufficiently. The Warburg effect, which is a hallmark of malignant tumors that is characterized by increased activity of aerobic glycolysis, accompanies activation of HIF-1 during normoxia. Besides tumor cells that have multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, normal macrophages also use glycolysis for ATP production by depending upon elevated HIF-1 activity even during normoxia. We recently found that activity of factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) is specifically suppressed in macrophages by a nonproteolytic activity of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14). Thus, MT1-MMP expressed in macrophages plays a significant role in regulating HIF-1 activity during normoxia. In the light of this finding, we examined here whether MT1-MMP contributes to the Warburg effect of tumor cells. All the tumor cell lines that express MT1-MMP exhibit increased glycolytic activity, and forced expression of MT1-MMP in MT1-MMP-negative tumor cells is sufficient to induce the Warburg effect. The cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP mediates the stimulation of aerobic glycolysis by increasing the expression of HIF-1 target genes. Specific intervention of the MT1-MMP-mediated activation of HIF-1 in tumor cells retarded tumor growth in mice. Systemic administration of a membrane-penetrating form of the cytoplasmic tail peptide in mice to inhibit HIF-1 activation competitively also exhibited a therapeutic effect on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Sakamoto T, Seiki M. A membrane protease regulates energy production in macrophages by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 via a non-proteolytic mechanism. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29951-64. [PMID: 20663879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.132704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells produce ATP in the mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation. However, macrophages, which are major players in the innate immune system, use aerobic glycolysis to produce ATP. HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) regulates expression of glycolysis-related genes and maintains macrophage glycolytic activity. However, it is unclear how HIF-1 activity is maintained in macrophages during normoxia. In this study, we found that macrophages lacking membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14), a potent invasion-promoting protease, exhibited considerably lower ATP levels than wild-type cells. HIF-1 was activated by an unanticipated function of MT1-MMP, which led to the stimulation of ATP production via glycolysis. The cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP bound to FIH-1 (factor inhibiting HIF-1), which led to the inhibition of the latter by its recently identified inhibitor, Mint3/APBA3. We have thus identified a new function of MT1-MMP to mediate production of ATP so as to support energy-dependent macrophage functions by a previously unknown non-proteolytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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27
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Abstract
The study of human monogenic diseases [pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA-1) and Liddle's syndrome] as well as mouse models mimicking the salt-losing syndrome (PHA-1) or salt-sensitive hypertension (Liddle's syndrome) have established the epithelial sodium channel ENaC as a limiting factor in vivo in the control of ionic composition of the extracellular fluid, regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, lung alveolar clearance, and airway mucociliary clearance. In this review, we discuss more specifically the activation of ENaC by serine proteases. Recent in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that membrane-bound serine proteases are of critical importance in the activation of ENaC in different organs, such as the kidney, the lung, or the cochlea. Progress in understanding the basic mechanism of proteolytic activation of ENaC is accelerating, but uncertainty about the most fundamental aspects persists, leaving numerous still-unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Rossier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Sakamoto T, Seiki M. Mint3 enhances the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in macrophages by suppressing the activity of factor inhibiting HIF-1. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30350-9. [PMID: 19726677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.019216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor regulating cellular responses to hypoxia and is composed of alpha and beta subunits. During normoxia, factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) inhibits the activity of HIF-1 by preventing HIF-1alpha binding to p300/CBP via modification of the Asn(803) residue. However, it is not known whether FIH-1 activity can be regulated in an oxygen-independent manner. In this study, we survey possible binding proteins to FIH-1 and identify Mint3/APBA3, which has been reported to bind Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein. Purified Mint3 binds FIH-1 and inhibits the ability of FIH-1 to modify HIF-1alpha in vitro. In a reporter assay, the activity of HIF-1alpha is suppressed because of endogenous FIH-1 in HEK293 cells, and expression of Mint3 antagonizes this suppression. Macrophages are known to depend on glycolysis for ATP production because of elevated HIF-1 activity. FIH-1 activity is suppressed in macrophages by Mint3 so as to maintain HIF-1 activity. FIH-1 forms a complex with Mint3, and these two factors co-localize within the perinuclear region. Knockdown of Mint3 expression in macrophages leads to redistribution of FIH-1 to the cytoplasm and decreases glycolysis and ATP production. Thus, Mint3 regulates the FIH-1-HIF-1 pathway, which controls ATP production in macrophages and therefore represents a potential new therapeutic target to regulate macrophage-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Sakamoto
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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29
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Zhang Y, Wang YG, Zhang Q, Liu XJ, Liu X, Jiao L, Zhu W, Zhang ZH, Zhao XL, He C. Interaction of Mint2 with TrkA is involved in regulation of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12469-79. [PMID: 19265194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809214200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TrkA receptor signaling is essential for nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced survival and differentiation of sensory neurons. To identify possible effectors or regulators of TrkA signaling, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed using the intracellular domain of TrkA as bait. We identified muc18-1-interacting protein 2 (Mint2) as a novel TrkA-binding protein and found that the phosphotyrosine binding domain of Mint2 interacted with TrkA in a phosphorylation- and ligand-independent fashion. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that endogenous TrkA interacted with Mint2 in rat tissue homogenates, and immunohistochemical evidence revealed that Mint2 and TrkA colocalized in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Furthermore, Mint2 overexpression inhibited NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in both PC12 and cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, whereas inhibition of Mint2 expression by RNA interference facilitated NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, Mint2 was found to promote the retention of TrkA in the Golgi apparatus and inhibit its surface sorting. Taken together, our data provide evidence that Mint2 is a novel TrkA-regulating protein that affects NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, possibly through a mechanism involving retention of TrkA in the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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