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Das S, Chandra A, Das A, Senapati S, Chatterjee G, Chatterjee R. Identifying the genetic associations among the psoriasis patients in eastern India. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:205-213. [PMID: 38409498 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a multifactorial genetic disorder manifested by hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes, along with the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the skin. Although ~80 genetic susceptibility variants were reported in psoriasis, many loci showed population-specific associations, warranting the need for more population-specific association studies in psoriasis. We determined the association of forty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 2136 psoriasis patients and normal individuals from eastern India. We investigated the expression of corresponding genes and evaluated the protein structure stability for the genes with susceptible coding variants. We found fifteen SNPs significantly associated with psoriasis, while additional three SNPs showed significant association when we classified the patients based on the presence of HLA-Cw6 allele. Epistatic interaction between HLA-Cw6 and other associated loci showed significant association with the SNPs at PSORS1 region, along with other five SNPs outside PSORS1. Three genes showed significant differential expression in psoriatic tissues compared to the adjacent normal skin tissues but were not differential when classified the patients based on their genotypes. SNP rs495337 at SPATA2 (Spermatogenesis Associated 2) showed a 1.2-fold increased risk among the HLA-Cw6 patients compared to combined samples. We found significant downregulation of SPATA2 among the patients with risk genotypes and HLA-Cw6 allele compared to the non-risk genotypes. Protein structure stability analysis showed reduced structural stability for all the mutant residues caused by the associated coding variants. Our study evaluated the genetic associations of psoriasis-susceptible variants in India and evaluated the possible functional significance of these associated variants in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanab Das
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India
| | - Aditi Chandra
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India
| | - Anamika Das
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India
| | - Swapan Senapati
- Consultant Dermatologist, Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712258, India
| | - Gobinda Chatterjee
- Department of Dermatology, IPGMER/SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghunath Chatterjee
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700108, India.
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2
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Xu X, Qiu L, Zhang M, Wu G. Segregation of nascent GPCRs in the ER-to-Golgi transport by CCHCR1 via direct interaction. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261685. [PMID: 38230433 PMCID: PMC10912811 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of cell surface signaling proteins that share a common structural topology. When compared with agonist-induced internalization, how GPCRs are sorted and delivered to functional destinations after synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is much less well understood. Here, we demonstrate that depletion of coiled-coil α-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) by siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 significantly inhibits surface expression and signaling of α2A-adrenergic receptor (α2A-AR; also known as ADRA2A), without affecting α2B-AR. Further studies show that CCHCR1 depletion specifically impedes α2A-AR export from the ER to the Golgi, but not from the Golgi to the surface. We also demonstrate that CCHCR1 selectively interacts with α2A-AR. The interaction is mediated through multiple domains of both proteins and is ionic in nature. Moreover, mutating CCHCR1-binding motifs significantly attenuates ER-to-Golgi export, surface expression and signaling of α2A-AR. Collectively, these data reveal a novel function for CCHCR1 in intracellular protein trafficking, indicate that closely related GPCRs can be sorted into distinct ER-to-Golgi transport routes by CCHCR1 via direct interaction, and provide important insights into segregation and anterograde delivery of nascent GPCR members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lifen Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Maoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Ling YH, Chen Y, Leung KN, Chan KM, Liu WK. Cell cycle regulation of the psoriasis associated gene CCHCR1 by transcription factor E2F1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294661. [PMID: 38128007 PMCID: PMC10734992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) was first identified as a candidate gene in psoriasis and has lately been found to be associated with a wide range of clinical conditions including COVID-19. CCHCR1 is located within P-bodies and centrosomes, but its exact role in these two subcellular structures and its transcriptional control remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that CCHCR1 shares a bidirectional promoter with its neighboring gene, TCF19. This bidirectional promoter is activated by the G1/S-regulatory transcription factor E2F1, and both genes are co-induced during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. A luciferase reporter assay suggests that the short intergenic sequence, only 287 bp in length, is sufficient for the G1/S induction of both genes, but the expression of CCHCR1 is further enhanced by the presence of exon 1 from both TCF19 and CCHCR1. This research uncovers the transcriptional regulation of the CCHCR1 gene, offering new perspectives on its function. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of diseases associated with CCHCR1 and may serve as a foundational benchmark for future research in these vital medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yick Hin Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yingying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Nam Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - W. K. Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Koyama S, Yoshihara N, Takagi A, Komiyama E, Oka A, Ikeda S. Clinical Findings, Response to Steroid Treatment, and Recurrence Rate in Alopecia Areata Patients with or without a Nonsynonymous Variant of Coiled-Coil Alpha-Helical Rod Protein 1. Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:367-373. [PMID: 37830419 PMCID: PMC10579570 DOI: 10.5021/ad.22.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is considered complex genetic and tissue-specific autoimmune disease. We recently discovered a nonsynonymous variant in the coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) gene within the AA risk haplotype. And a water avoidance stress test on CCHCR1 knockout mice induced AA-like lesions. OBJECTIVE To investigate the difference clinical findings of AA in patients with the CCHCR1 variant and without. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data from 142 AA patients. Among these patients, 20 (14.1%) had a variant of CCHCR1. We evaluated the sex distribution of the patients, age at onset, distribution of the clinical types, prevalence of a positive family history of AA, prevalence of association of AA with atopic dermatitis, response to steroid therapy, and recurrence rate. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis and Fisher's exact test for statistical analysis. We also investigate electron microscopic observations of hair samples with the CCHCR1 variant and without. RESULTS The results showed a significant correlation between the CCHCR1 variant and the recurrence rate compared with the variant-negative group (p=0.0072). Electron microscopy revealed abnormalities in the hair shaft structure and hair cuticle in patients with the CCHCR1 variant (p=0.00174). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AA with CCHCR1 variant is clinically characterized by a high recurrence rate and hair morphological abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagisa Yoshihara
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Takagi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Komiyama
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang T, Zhao X, Liu T, Zhang J, Qiu J, Li M, Weng R. Transcriptional investigation of the toxic mechanisms of perfluorooctane sulfonate in rats based on an RNA-Seq approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138629. [PMID: 37030344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was widely used in industrial applications before it was listed as a persistent organic pollutant by the Conference of the Parties in the Stockholm Convention in 2009. Although the potential toxicity of PFOS has been studied, its toxic mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here, we investigated novel hub genes and pathways affected by PFOS to gain new conceptions of the toxic mechanisms of PFOS. Reduced body weight gain and abnormal ultra-structures in the liver and kidney tissues were spotted in PFOS-exposed rats, indicating successful establishment of the PFOS-exposed rat model. The transcriptomic alterations of blood samples upon PFOS exposure were analysed using RNA-Seq. GO analysis indicates that the differentially expressed gene-enriched GO terms are related to metabolism, cellular processes, and biological regulation. Kyoto encyclopaedia of gene and genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted to identify six key pathways: spliceosome, B cell receptor signalling pathway, acute myeloid leukaemia, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, NF-kappa B signalling pathway, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. The top 10 hub genes were screened from a protein-protein interaction network and verified via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The overall pathway network and hub genes may provide new insights into the toxic mechanisms of PFOS exposure states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Xuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Tianze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Risk Assessment for Tobacco and Aromatic Plant Products (Qingdao) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Lecorguillé M, McAuliffe FM, Twomey PJ, Viljoen K, Mehegan J, Kelleher CC, Suderman M, Phillips CM. Maternal Glycaemic and Insulinemic Status and Newborn DNA Methylation: Findings in Women With Overweight and Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:85-98. [PMID: 36137169 PMCID: PMC9759168 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal dysglycaemia and prepregnancy obesity are associated with adverse offspring outcomes. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation (DNAm) could contribute. OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between maternal glycaemia, insulinemic status, and dietary glycemic indices during pregnancy and an antenatal behavioral-lifestyle intervention with newborn DNAm. METHODS We investigated 172 women from a randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention in pregnant women who were overweight or obese. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations and derived indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-%B), and insulin sensitivity were determined at baseline (15) and 28 weeks' gestation. Dietary glycemic load (GL) and index (GI) were calculated from 3-day food diaries. Newborn cord blood DNAm levels of 850K CpG sites were measured using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC array. Associations of each biomarker, dietary index and intervention with DNAm were examined. RESULTS Early pregnancy HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B were associated with lower DNAm at CpG sites cg03158092 and cg05985988, respectively. Early pregnancy insulin sensitivity was associated with higher DNAm at cg04976151. Higher late pregnancy insulin concentrations and GL scores were positively associated with DNAm at CpGs cg12082129 and cg11955198 and changes in maternal GI with lower DNAm at CpG cg03403995 (Bonferroni corrected P < 5.99 × 10-8). These later associations were located at genes previously implicated in growth or regulation of insulin processes. No effects of the intervention on cord blood DNAm were observed. None of our findings were replicated in previous studies. CONCLUSION Among women who were overweight or obese, maternal pregnancy dietary glycemic indices, glucose, and insulin homeostasis were associated with modest changes in their newborn methylome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN29316280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lecorguillé
- Correspondence: Marion Lecorguillé, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Twomey
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Karien Viljoen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - John Mehegan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cecily C Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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Pisani C, Onori A, Gabanella F, Di Certo MG, Passananti C, Corbi N. Identification of protein/mRNA network involving the PSORS1 locus gene CCHCR1 and the PSORS4 locus gene HAX1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112471. [PMID: 33417922 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CCHCR1 (Coiled-Coil alpha-Helical Rod 1), maps to chromosomal region 6p21.3, within the major psoriasis susceptibility locus PSORS1. CCHCR1 itself is a plausible psoriasis candidate gene, however its role in psoriasis pathogenesis remains unclear. We previously demonstrated that CCHCR1 protein acts as a cytoplasmic docking site for RNA polymerase II core subunit 3 (RPB3) in cycling cells, suggesting a role for CCHCR1 in vesicular trafficking between cellular compartments. Here, we report a novel interaction between CCHCR1 and the RNA binding protein HAX1. HAX1 maps to chromosomal region 1q21.3 within the PSORS4 locus and is over-expressed in psoriasis. Both CCHCR1 and HAX1 share subcellular co-localization with mitochondria, nuclei and cytoplasmic vesicles as P-bodies. By a series of ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, we isolated a pool of mRNAs complexed with HAX1 and/or CCHCR1 proteins. Among the mRNAs complexed with both CCHCR1 and HAX1 proteins, there are Vimentin mRNA, previously described to be bound by HAX1, and CAMP/LL37 mRNA, whose gene product is over-expressed in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Pisani
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Onori
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gabanella
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- CNR-Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Passananti
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Corbi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Brenner LN, Mercader JM, Robertson CC, Cole J, Chen L, Jacobs SBR, Rich SS, Florez JC. Analysis of Glucocorticoid-Related Genes Reveal CCHCR1 as a New Candidate Gene for Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa121. [PMID: 33150273 PMCID: PMC7594651 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have multiple therapeutic benefits and are used both for immunosuppression and treatment purposes. Notwithstanding their benefits, glucocorticoid use often leads to hyperglycemia. Owing to the pathophysiologic overlap in glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia (GIH) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we hypothesized that genetic variation in glucocorticoid pathways contributes to T2D risk. To determine the genetic contribution of glucocorticoid action on T2D risk, we conducted multiple genetic studies. First, we performed gene-set enrichment analyses on 3 collated glucocorticoid-related gene sets using publicly available genome-wide association and whole-exome data and demonstrated that genetic variants in glucocorticoid-related genes are associated with T2D and related glycemic traits. To identify which genes are driving this association, we performed gene burden tests using whole-exome sequence data. We identified 20 genes within the glucocorticoid-related gene sets that are nominally enriched for T2D-associated protein-coding variants. The most significant association was found in coding variants in coiled-coil α-helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) in the HLA region (P = .001). Further analyses revealed that noncoding variants near CCHCR1 are also associated with T2D at genome-wide significance (P = 7.70 × 10-14), independent of type 1 diabetes HLA risk. Finally, gene expression and colocalization analyses demonstrate that variants associated with increased T2D risk are also associated with decreased expression of CCHCR1 in multiple tissues, implicating this gene as a potential effector transcript at this locus. Our discovery of a genetic link between glucocorticoids and T2D findings support the hypothesis that T2D and GIH may have shared underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Brenner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine C Robertson
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joanne Cole
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ling Chen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne B R Jacobs
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Tervaniemi MH, Katayama S, Skoog T, Siitonen HA, Vuola J, Nuutila K, Tammimies K, Suomela S, Kankuri E, Kere J, Elomaa O. Intracellular signalling pathways and cytoskeletal functions converge on the psoriasis candidate gene CCHCR1 expressed at P-bodies and centrosomes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:432. [PMID: 29866042 PMCID: PMC5987482 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CCHCR1 (Coiled-Coil α-Helical Rod protein 1) is a putative psoriasis candidate gene with the risk alleles CCHCR1*WWCC and *Iso3, the latter inhibiting the translation of isoform 1. CCHCR1 was recently shown to be a centrosomal protein, as well as a component of cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies) that regulate mRNA turnover. The function of CCHCR1 has remained unsettled, partly because of the inconsistent findings; it has been shown to play a wide variety of roles in divergent processes, e.g., cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. Here we utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) using HEK293 cells overexpressing isoforms 1 or 3 (Iso1, Iso3 cells), in combination with the coding non-risk or risk (*WWCC) haplotype of CCHCR1. Our aim was to study the overall role of CCHCR1 and the effects of its variants. Results The overexpression of CCHCR1 variants in HEK293 cells resulted in cell line-specific expression profiles though several similarities were observable. Overall the Iso1 and Iso3 cells showed a clear isoform-specific clustering as two separate groups, and the Non-risk and Risk cells often exhibited opposite effects. The RNAseq supported a role for CCHCR1 in the centrosomes and P-bodies; the most highlighted pathways included regulation of cytoskeleton, adherens and tight junctions, mRNA surveillance and RNA transport. Interestingly, both the RNAseq and immunofluorescent localization revealed variant-specific differences for CCHCR1 within the P-bodies. Conclusions CCHCR1 influenced a wide variety of signaling pathways, which could reflect its active role in the P-bodies and centrosomes that both are linked to the cytoskeleton; as a centrosomal P-body protein CCHCR1 may regulate diverse cytoskeleton-mediated functions, such as cell adhesion and -division. The present findings may explain the previous inconsistent observations about the functions of CCHCR1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4810-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Tervaniemi
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tiina Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - H Annika Siitonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sari Suomela
- Department of Dermatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. .,School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Outi Elomaa
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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CCHCR1 interacts with EDC4, suggesting its localization in P-bodies. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Muller M, Demeret C. CCHCR1 interacts specifically with the E2 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 on a surface overlapping BRD4 binding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92581. [PMID: 24664238 PMCID: PMC3963918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Papillomavirus E2 proteins are key regulators of the viral life cycle, whose functions are commonly mediated through protein-protein interactions with the host cell proteome. We identified an interaction between E2 and a cellular protein called CCHCR1, which proved highly specific for the HPV16 genotype, the most prevalent in HPV-associated cancers. Further characterization of the interaction revealed that CCHCR1 binds the N-terminal alpha helices of HPV16 E2 N-terminal domain. On this domain, the CCHCR1 binding interface overlaps that of BRD4, a key mediator of E2 transcriptional activity. Consequently a physical competition occurs between the two proteins for the binding to HPV16 E2, and CCHCR1 interferes with BRD4-mediated enhancement of E2-dependent transcription. In addition, we showed that the interaction with CCHCR1 induced a massive redistribution of HPV16 E2, from a predominantly nuclear to a cytoplasmic localization in dot-like structures, where E2 perfectly co-localizes with CCHCR1. Such a cytoplasmic docking likely interferes with the nuclear functions of HPV16 E2. Upon co-expression of BRD4 and CCHCR1, E2 accumulates both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, indicating that for HPV16, both sub-cellular localization and transcriptional functions of E2 may depend on the proportion of both factors within the cell. We provided evidence of a strong induction of the keratinocyte differentiation marker K10 by HPV16 E2, and showed that this activation is compromised by the interaction with CCHCR1. The specific interaction described here could thus impact on the pathogenesis of HPV16. We propose that it could underlie some specific traits of HPV16 infection, such as an enhanced propensity to give rise to lesions evolving toward cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Muller
- Unité Génétique Papillomavirus et Cancer Humain, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demeret
- Unité Génétique Papillomavirus et Cancer Humain, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Tervaniemi MH, Siitonen HA, Söderhäll C, Minhas G, Vuola J, Tiala I, Sormunen R, Samuelsson L, Suomela S, Kere J, Elomaa O. Centrosomal localization of the psoriasis candidate gene product, CCHCR1, supports a role in cytoskeletal organization. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189171 PMCID: PMC3506594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CCHCR1 (Coiled-Coil α-Helical Rod protein 1), within the major psoriasis susceptibility locus PSORS1, is a plausible candidate gene with the psoriasis associated risk allele CCHCR1*WWCC. Although its expression pattern in psoriatic skin differs from healthy skin and its overexpression influences cell proliferation in transgenic mice, its role as a psoriasis effector gene has remained unsettled. The 5′-region of the gene contains a SNP (rs3130453) that controls a 5′-extended open reading frame and thus the translation of alternative isoforms. We have now compared the function of two CCHCR1 isoforms: the novel longer isoform 1 and the previously studied isoform 3. In samples of Finnish and Swedish families, the allele generating only isoform 3 shows association with psoriasis (P<10−7). Both isoforms localize at the centrosome, a cell organelle playing a role in cell division. In stably transfected cells the isoform 3 affects cell proliferation and with the CCHCR1*WWCC allele, also apoptosis. Furthermore, cells overexpressing CCHCR1 show isoform- and haplotype-specific influences in the cell size and shape and alterations in the organization and expression of the cytoskeletal proteins actin, vimentin, and cytokeratins. The isoform 1 with the non-risk allele induces the expression of keratin 17, a hallmark for psoriasis; the silencing of CCHCR1 reduces its expression in HEK293 cells. CCHCR1 also regulates EGF-induced STAT3 activation in an isoform-specific manner: the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 is disturbed in isoform 3-transfected cells. The centrosomal localization of CCHCR1 provides a connection to the abnormal cell proliferation and offers a link to possible cellular pathways altered in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H. Tervaniemi
- Haartman Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program's Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Annika Siitonen
- Haartman Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program's Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gurinder Minhas
- Haartman Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program's Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki Burn Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inkeri Tiala
- Haartman Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program's Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lena Samuelsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sari Suomela
- Department of Dermatology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Haartman Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program's Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Outi Elomaa
- Haartman Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program's Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Pacholska-Bogalska J, Myga-Nowak M, Ciepłuch K, Józefiak A, Kwaśniewska A, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Analysis of the coding sequence and expression of the coiled-coil α-helical rod protein 1 gene in normal and neoplastic epithelial cervical cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 29:669-76. [PMID: 22218424 PMCID: PMC3577136 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the CCHCR1 (coiled-coil α-helical rod protein 1) protein in the cell is poorly understood. It is thought to be engaged in processes such as proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells, tissue-specific gene transcription and steroidogenesis. It is supposed to participate in keratinocyte transformation. It has also been found that this protein interacts with the E2 protein of human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16). The oncogenic HPV forms, such as HPV16, are known to be necessary but not sufficient agents in the development of cervical carcinoma. In the present study, the CCHCR1 gene coding sequence and its expression was analyzed in normal, precancerous and cervical cancer cells. Changes in the non-coding region were found in 20.3% of the examined probes from women with cervical cancer or precancerous lesions and in 16.67% of the control probes. Most of the detected changes were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Changes in the coding region were found in 22.8% of the probes with cervical cancer and in 16.67% of the control probes and all of them were SNPs. The level of CCHCR1 transcripts was determined using the real-time PCR method and the highest gene expression was detected in the H-SIL group and slightly decreased in the cervical carcinoma cells, compared with the control probes. It suggests that CCHCR1 could have a role in the process of cervical epithelial cell transformation, but this suggestion must be confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pacholska-Bogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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14
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Seven prostate cancer susceptibility loci identified by a multi-stage genome-wide association study. Nat Genet 2011; 43:785-91. [PMID: 21743467 PMCID: PMC3396006 DOI: 10.1038/ng.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most frequently diagnosed male cancer in developed countries. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study for PrCa and previously reported the results of the first two stages, which identified 16 PrCa susceptibility loci. We report here the results of stage 3, in which we evaluated 1,536 SNPs in 4,574 individuals with prostate cancer (cases) and 4,164 controls. We followed up ten new association signals through genotyping in 51,311 samples in 30 studies from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium. In addition to replicating previously reported loci, we identified seven new prostate cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 2p11, 3q23, 3q26, 5p12, 6p21, 12q13 and Xq12 (P = 4.0 × 10(-8) to P = 2.7 × 10(-24)). We also identified a SNP in TERT more strongly associated with PrCa than that previously reported. More than 40 PrCa susceptibility loci, explaining ∼25% of the familial risk in this disease, have now been identified.
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Corbi N, Batassa EM, Pisani C, Onori A, Di Certo MG, Strimpakos G, Fanciulli M, Mattei E, Passananti C. The eEF1γ subunit contacts RNA polymerase II and binds vimentin promoter region. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14481. [PMID: 21217813 PMCID: PMC3013090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that the eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma (eEF1γ) physically interacts with the RNA polymerase II (pol II) core subunit 3 (RPB3), both in isolation and in the context of the holo-enzyme. Importantly, eEF1γ has been recently shown to bind Vimentin mRNA. By chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrate, for the first time, that eEF1γ is also physically present on the genomic locus corresponding to the promoter region of human Vimentin gene. The eEF1γ depletion causes the Vimentin protein to be incorrectly compartmentalised and to severely compromise cellular shape and mitochondria localisation. We demonstrate that eEF1γ partially colocalises with the mitochondrial marker Tom20 and that eEF1γ depletion increases mitochondrial superoxide generation as well as the total levels of carbonylated proteins. Finally, we hypothesise that eEF1γ, in addition to its role in translation elongation complex, is involved in regulating Vimentin gene by contacting both pol II and the Vimentin promoter region and then shuttling/nursing the Vimentin mRNA from its gene locus to its appropriate cellular compartment for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Corbi
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR, c/o Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Batassa
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR, c/o Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pisani
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR, c/o Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Onori
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR, c/o Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Di Certo
- Istituto di Neurobiologia e Medicina Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Strimpakos
- Istituto di Neurobiologia e Medicina Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- Department of Therapeutic Programs Development, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattei
- Istituto di Neurobiologia e Medicina Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Passananti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari CNR, c/o Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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16
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Suomela S, Elomaa O, Skoog T, Ala-aho R, Jeskanen L, Pärssinen J, Latonen L, Grénman R, Kere J, Kähäri VM, Saarialho-Kere U. CCHCR1 is up-regulated in skin cancer and associated with EGFR expression. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6030. [PMID: 19551138 PMCID: PMC2696036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite chronic inflammation, psoriatic lesions hardly ever progress to skin cancer. Aberrant function of the CCHCR1 gene (Coiled-Coil α-Helical Rod protein 1, HCR) within the PSORS1 locus may contribute to the onset of psoriasis. As CCHCR1 is expressed in certain cancers and regulates keratinocyte (KC) proliferation in a transgenic mouse model, we studied its relation to proliferation in cutaneous squamous cell cancer (SCC) cell lines by expression arrays and quantitative RT-PCR and in skin tumors by immunohistochemistry. CCHCR1 protein was detected in the pushing border of SCC and lining basal cell carcinoma islands. Different from psoriasis, Ki67 had a similar expression pattern as CCHCR1. The most intense CCHCR1 staining occurred in areas positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Expression of CCHCR1 mRNA was upregulated 30–80% in SCC lines when compared to normal KCs and correlated positively with Ki67 expression. The most aggressive and invasive tumor cell lines (RT3, FaDu) expressed CCHCR1 mRNA less than non-tumorigenic HaCaT cells. Moreover, the tumor promoters okadaic acid and menadione downregulated CCHCR1 mRNA. We conclude that both in psoriasis and the early stages of KC transformation, CCHCR1 may function as a negative regulator of proliferation, but beyond a certain point in oncogenesis cannot control this phenomenon any longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Suomela
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Elomaa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Departments of Clinical Science and Education and Section of Dermatology, Karolinska Institutet at Stockholm Söder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Risto Ala-aho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leila Jeskanen
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenita Pärssinen
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Molecular Cancer Biology Program and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulpu Saarialho-Kere
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Departments of Clinical Science and Education and Section of Dermatology, Karolinska Institutet at Stockholm Söder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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17
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Miller WL. StAR Search—What We Know about How the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Mediates Mitochondrial Cholesterol Import. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:589-601. [PMID: 16973755 DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is the starting point for biosynthesis of steroids, oxysterols and bile acids, and is also an essential component of cellular membranes. The mechanisms directing the intracellular trafficking of this insoluble molecule have received attention through the discovery of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and related proteins containing StAR-related lipid transfer domains. Much of our understanding of the physiology of StAR derives from studies of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia, which is caused by StAR mutations. Multiple lines of evidence show that StAR moves cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane, but acts exclusively on the outer membrane. The precise mechanism by which StAR's action on the outer mitochondrial membrane stimulates the flow of cholesterol to the inner membrane remains unclear. When StAR interacts with protonated phospholipid head groups on the outer mitochondrial membrane, it undergoes a conformational change (molten globule transition) that opens and closes StAR's cholesterol-binding pocket; this conformational change is required for cholesterol binding, which is required for StAR activity. The action of StAR probably requires interaction with the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Box 0978, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0978, USA.
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Oufattole M, Lin SWJ, Liu B, Mascarenhas D, Cohen P, Rodgers BD. Ribonucleic acid polymerase II binding subunit 3 (Rpb3), a potential nuclear target of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Endocrinology 2006; 147:2138-46. [PMID: 16455777 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has intrinsic antiproliferative and proapoptotic functions that are independent of IGF binding and may involve nuclear localization. We determined that exogenous IGFBP-3 rapidly translocates to myoblast nuclei and that a 22-residue peptide containing the metal binding domain (MBD) and nuclear localization sequence (NLS) can similarly direct chimeric GFP into myoblast nuclei. Furthermore, a non-IGF-binding IGFBP-3 mutant inhibited myoblast proliferation without stimulating apoptosis. These results suggest that IGFBP-3 inhibits muscle cell growth in an IGF-independent manner that may be influenced by its rapid nuclear localization. We therefore identified IGFBP-3 interacting proteins by screening a rat L6 myoblast cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid assay and two N-terminal deletion mutants as bait: BP3/231 (231 residues, L61 to K291) and BP3/111 (K181-K291). Proteins previously known to interact with IGFBP-3 as well as several novel proteins were identified, including RNA polymerase II binding subunit 3 (Rpb3). The domain necessary for Rpb3 binding was subsequently identified using different IGFBP-3 deletion mutants and was localized to the MBD/NLS epitope. Rpb3/IGFBP-3 binding was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation assays with specific antisera, whereas a NLS mutant IGFBP-3 did not associate with Rpb3, suggesting that a functional NLS is required. Rpb3 facilitates recruitment of the polymerase complex to specific transcription factors and is necessary for the transactivation of many genes. Its association with IGFBP-3 provides a functional role for IGFBP-3 in the direct modulation of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Oufattole
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164-6351, USA
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