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Li G, Huang Y, Han W, Wei L, Huang H, Zhu Y, Xiao Q, Wang Z, Huang W, Duan R. Eg5 UFMylation promotes spindle organization during mitosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:544. [PMID: 39085203 PMCID: PMC11291904 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
UFMylation is a highly conserved ubiquitin-like post-translational modification that catalyzes the covalent linkage of UFM1 to its target proteins. This modification plays a critical role in the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis, DNA damage response, autophagy, and transcriptional regulation. Mutations in UFM1, as well as in its specific E1 enzyme UBA5 and E2 enzyme UFC1, have been genetically linked to microcephaly. Our previous research unveiled the important role of UFMylation in regulating mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear due to the limited identification of substrates. In this study, we identified Eg5, a motor protein crucial for mitotic spindle assembly and maintenance, as a novel substrate for UFMylation and identified Lys564 as the crucial UFMylation site. UFMylation did not alter its transcriptional level, phosphorylation level, or protein stability, but affected the mono-ubiquitination of Eg5. During mitosis, Eg5 and UFM1 co-localize at the centrosome and spindle apparatus, and defective UFMylation leads to diminished spindle localization of Eg5. Notably, the UFMylation-defective Eg5 mutant (K564R) exhibited shorter spindles, metaphase arrest, spindle checkpoint activation, and a failure of cell division in HeLa cells. Overall, Eg5 UFMylation is essential for proper spindle organization, mitotic progression, and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Li
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjiang Huang
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbo Han
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyi Wei
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongjing Huang
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbao Zhu
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zujia Wang
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ranhui Duan
- Furong Laboratory, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Ran J, Guo G, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li D, Wu S, Cong Y, Wang X, Xie S, Zhao H, Liu H, Ou G, Zhu X, Zhou J, Liu M. KIF11 UFMylation Maintains Photoreceptor Cilium Integrity and Retinal Homeostasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400569. [PMID: 38666385 PMCID: PMC11220646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The photoreceptor cilium is vital for maintaining the structure and function of the retina. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis are largely unknown. Herein, it is shown that kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) localizes at the transition zone (connecting cilium) of the photoreceptor and plays a crucial role in orchestrating the cilium integrity. KIF11 depletion causes malformations of both the photoreceptor ciliary axoneme and membranous discs, resulting in photoreceptor degeneration and the accumulation of drusen-like deposits throughout the retina. Mechanistic studies show that the stability of KIF11 is regulated by an interplay between its UFMylation and ubiquitination; UFMylation of KIF11 at lysine 953 inhibits its ubiquitination by synoviolin 1 and thereby prevents its proteasomal degradation. The lysine 953-to-arginine mutant of KIF11 is more stable than wild-type KIF11 and also more effective in reversing the ciliary and retinal defects induced by KIF11 depletion. These findings identify a critical role for KIF11 UFMylation in the maintenance of photoreceptor cilium integrity and retinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ran
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Guizhi Guo
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Dengwen Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Shian Wu
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Aging ResearchSchool of MedicineHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou310036China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of PharmacologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Songbo Xie
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive MedicineCheeloo College of MedicineKey Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan250014China
| | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Protein ScienceSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and FunctionShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance BiologyHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemCollege of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinan250014China
- Department of Genetics and Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue HomeostasisHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemTianjin300462China
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3
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Ricci A, Carradori S, Cataldi A, Zara S. Eg5 and Diseases: From the Well-Known Role in Cancer to the Less-Known Activity in Noncancerous Pathological Conditions. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:3649912. [PMID: 38939361 PMCID: PMC11211015 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3649912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is a protein encoded by KIF11 gene and is primarily involved in correct mitotic cell division. It is also involved in nonmitotic processes such as polypeptide synthesis, protein transport, and angiogenesis. The scientific literature sheds light on the ubiquitous functions of KIF11 and its involvement in the onset and progression of different pathologies. This review focuses attention on two main points: (1) the correlation between Eg5 and cancer and (2) the involvement of Eg5 in noncancerous conditions. Regarding the first point, several tumors revealed an overexpression of this kinesin, thus pushing to look for new Eg5 inhibitors for clinical practice. In addition, the evaluation of Eg5 expression represents a crucial step, as its overexpression could predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Referring to the second point, in specific pathological conditions, the reduced activity of Eg5 can be one of the causes of pathological onset. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which Aβ and Tau work as Eg5 inhibitors, or in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Tat-mediated Eg5 determines the loss of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Reduced Eg5 activity, due to mutations of KIF11 gene, is also responsible for pathological conditions such as microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability (MCLRI) and familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR). In conclusion, this review highlights the double impact that overexpression or loss of function of Eg5 could have in the onset and progression of different pathological situations. This emphasizes, on one hand, a possible role of Eg5 as a potential biomarker and new target in cancer and, on the other hand, the promotion of Eg5 expression/activity as a new therapeutic strategy in different noncancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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Pashley SL, Papageorgiou S, O'Regan L, Barone G, Robinson SW, Lucken K, Straatman KR, Roig J, Fry AM. The mesenchymal morphology of cells expressing the EML4-ALK V3 oncogene is dependent on phosphorylation of Eg5 by NEK7. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107144. [PMID: 38458397 PMCID: PMC11061729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) oncogenic fusion proteins are found in approximately 5% of non-small cell lung cancers. Different EML4-ALK fusion variants exist with variant 3 (V3) being associated with a significantly higher risk than other common variants, such as variant 1 (V1). Patients with V3 respond less well to targeted ALK inhibitors, have accelerated rates of metastasis, and have poorer overall survival. A pathway has been described downstream of EML4-ALK V3 that is independent of ALK catalytic activity but dependent on the NEK9 and NEK7 kinases. It has been proposed that assembly of an EML4-ALK V3-NEK9-NEK7 complex on microtubules leads to cells developing a mesenchymal-like morphology and exhibiting enhanced migration. However, downstream targets of this complex remain unknown. Here, we show that the microtubule-based kinesin, Eg5, is recruited to interphase microtubules in cells expressing EML4-ALK V3, whereas chemical inhibition of Eg5 reverses the mesenchymal morphology of cells. Furthermore, we show that depletion of NEK7 interferes with Eg5 recruitment to microtubules in cells expressing EML4-ALK V3 and cell length is reduced, but this is reversed by coexpression of a phosphomimetic mutant of Eg5, in a site, S1033, phosphorylated by NEK7. Intriguingly, we also found that expression of Eg5-S1033D led to cells expressing EML4-ALK V1 adopting a more mesenchymal-like morphology. Together, we propose that Eg5 acts as a substrate of NEK7 in cells expressing EML4-ALK V3 and Eg5 phosphorylation promotes the mesenchymal morphology typical of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Pashley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Savvas Papageorgiou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura O'Regan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Giancarlo Barone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Susan W Robinson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kellie Lucken
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kees R Straatman
- Advanced Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Joan Roig
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew M Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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5
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Gao W, Lu J, Yang Z, Li E, Cao Y, Xie L. Mitotic Functions and Characters of KIF11 in Cancers. Biomolecules 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38672404 PMCID: PMC11047945 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis mediates the accurate separation of daughter cells, and abnormalities are closely related to cancer progression. KIF11, a member of the kinesin family, plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. Recently, an increasing quantity of data have demonstrated the upregulated expression of KIF11 in various cancers, promoting the emergence and progression of cancers. This suggests the great potential of KIF11 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIF11 in cancers have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, we first discuss the functions of the protein encoded by KIF11 during mitosis and connect the abnormal expression of KIF11 with its clinical significance. Then, we elucidate the mechanism of KIF11 to promote various hallmarks of cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of KIF11 inhibitors and outline areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
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6
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Qi X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Fu Y, Fu Y, Yin L, Li X. UHRF1 promotes spindle assembly and chromosome congression by catalyzing EG5 polyubiquitination. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202210093. [PMID: 37728657 PMCID: PMC10510743 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202210093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UHRF1 is an epigenetic coordinator bridging DNA methylation and histone modifications. Additionally, UHRF1 regulates DNA replication and cell cycle, and its deletion induces G1/S or G2/M cell cycle arrest. The roles of UHRF1 in the regulation of G2/M transition remain poorly understood. UHRF1 depletion caused chromosome misalignment, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest at mitotic metaphase, and these cells exhibited the defects of spindle geometry, prominently manifested as shorter spindles. Mechanistically, UHRF1 protein directly interacts with EG5, a kinesin motor protein, during mitosis. Furthermore, UHRF1 induced EG5 polyubiquitination at the site of K1034 and further promoted the interaction of EG5 with spindle assembly factor TPX2, thereby ensuring accurate EG5 distribution to the spindles during metaphase. Our study clarifies a novel UHRF1 function as a nuclear protein catalyzing EG5 polyubiquitination for proper spindle architecture and faithful genomic transmission, which is independent of its roles in epigenetic regulation and DNA damage repair inside the nucleus. These findings revealed a previously unknown mechanism of UHRF1 in controlling mitotic spindle architecture and chromosome behavior and provided mechanistic evidence for UHRF1 deletion-mediated G2/M arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Qi
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youhong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchong Peng
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongming Fu
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linglong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Šimková K, Naraine R, Vintr J, Soukup V, Šindelka R. RNA localization during early development of the axolotl. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1260795. [PMID: 37928901 PMCID: PMC10620976 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1260795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric localization of biomolecules is critical for body plan development. One of the most popular model organisms for early embryogenesis studies is Xenopus laevis but there is a lack of information in other animal species. Here, we compared the early development of two amphibian species-the frog X. laevis and the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum. This study aimed to identify asymmetrically localized RNAs along the animal-vegetal axis during the early development of A. mexicanum. For that purpose, we performed spatial transcriptome-wide analysis at low resolution, which revealed dynamic changes along the animal-vegetal axis classified into the following categories: profile alteration, de novo synthesis and degradation. Surprisingly, our results showed that many of the vegetally localized genes, which are important for germ cell development, are degraded during early development. Furthermore, we assessed the motif presence in UTRs of degraded mRNAs and revealed the enrichment of several motifs in RNAs of germ cell markers. Our results suggest novel reorganization of the transcriptome during embryogenesis of A. mexicanum to converge to the similar developmental pattern as the X. laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Šimková
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Ravindra Naraine
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Jan Vintr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Soukup
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Šindelka
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
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8
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Nithianantham S, Iwanski MK, Gaska I, Pandey H, Bodrug T, Inagaki S, Major J, Brouhard GJ, Gheber L, Rosenfeld SS, Forth S, Hendricks AG, Al-Bassam J. The kinesin-5 tail and bipolar minifilament domains are the origin of its microtubule crosslinking and sliding activity. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar111. [PMID: 37610838 PMCID: PMC10559304 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-07-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-5 crosslinks and slides apart microtubules to assemble, elongate, and maintain the mitotic spindle. Kinesin-5 is a tetramer, where two N-terminal motor domains are positioned at each end of the motor, and the coiled-coil stalk domains are organized into a tetrameric bundle through the bipolar assembly (BASS) domain. To dissect the function of the individual structural elements of the motor, we constructed a minimal kinesin-5 tetramer (mini-tetramer). We determined the x-ray structure of the extended, 34-nm BASS domain. Guided by these structural studies, we generated active bipolar kinesin-5 mini-tetramer motors from Drosophila melanogastor and human orthologues which are half the length of native kinesin-5. We then used these kinesin-5 mini-tetramers to examine the role of two unique structural adaptations of kinesin-5: 1) the length and flexibility of the tetramer, and 2) the C-terminal tails which interact with the motor domains to coordinate their ATPase activity. The C-terminal domain causes frequent pausing and clustering of kinesin-5. By comparing microtubule crosslinking and sliding by mini-tetramer and full-length kinesin-5, we find that both the length and flexibility of kinesin-5 and the C-terminal tails govern its ability to crosslink microtubules. Once crosslinked, stiffer mini-tetramers slide antiparallel microtubules more efficiently than full-length motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nithianantham
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Malina K. Iwanski
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Ignas Gaska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Himanshu Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sayaka Inagaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Jennifer Major
- Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Gary J. Brouhard
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Larissa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry, The Ben Gurion University, Ber Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Scott Forth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Adam G. Hendricks
- Departments of Biology and Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Jawdat Al-Bassam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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9
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Gergely ZR, Jones MH, Zhou B, Cash C, McIntosh JR, Betterton MD. Distinct regions of the kinesin-5 C-terminal tail are essential for mitotic spindle midzone localization and sliding force. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306480120. [PMID: 37725645 PMCID: PMC10523502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306480120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-5 motor proteins play essential roles during mitosis in most organisms. Their tetrameric structure and plus-end-directed motility allow them to bind to and move along antiparallel microtubules, thereby pushing spindle poles apart to assemble a bipolar spindle. Recent work has shown that the C-terminal tail is particularly important to kinesin-5 function: The tail affects motor domain structure, ATP hydrolysis, motility, clustering, and sliding force measured for purified motors, as well as motility, clustering, and spindle assembly in cells. Because previous work has focused on presence or absence of the entire tail, the functionally important regions of the tail remain to be identified. We have therefore characterized a series of kinesin-5/Cut7 tail truncation alleles in fission yeast. Partial truncation causes mitotic defects and temperature-sensitive growth, while further truncation that removes the conserved BimC motif is lethal. We compared the sliding force generated by cut7 mutants using a kinesin-14 mutant background in which some microtubules detach from the spindle poles and are pushed into the nuclear envelope. These Cut7-driven protrusions decreased as more of the tail was truncated, and the most severe truncations produced no observable protrusions. Our observations suggest that the C-terminal tail of Cut7p contributes to both sliding force and midzone localization. In the context of sequential tail truncation, the BimC motif and adjacent C-terminal amino acids are particularly important for sliding force. In addition, moderate tail truncation increases midzone localization, but further truncation of residues N-terminal to the BimC motif decreases midzone localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Gergely
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Michele H Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Bojun Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Cai Cash
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - J Richard McIntosh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Meredith D Betterton
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
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10
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Farcy S, Hachour H, Bahi-Buisson N, Passemard S. Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size. Cells 2023; 12:1807. [PMID: 37443841 PMCID: PMC10340463 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farcy
- UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
- Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassina Hachour
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU MICADO, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
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11
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Gergely Z, Jones MH, Zhou B, Cash C, McIntosh R, Betterton M. Distinct regions of the kinesin-5 C-terminal tail are essential for mitotic spindle midzone localization and sliding force. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538972. [PMID: 37205432 PMCID: PMC10187184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-5 motor proteins play essential roles during mitosis in most organisms. Their tetrameric structure and plus-end-directed motility allow them to bind to and move along antiparallel microtubules, thereby pushing spindle poles apart to assemble a bipolar spindle. Recent work has shown that the C-terminal tail is particularly important to kinesin-5 function: the tail affects motor domain structure, ATP hydrolysis, motility, clustering, and sliding force measured for purified motors, as well as motility, clustering, and spindle assembly in cells. Because previous work has focused on presence or absence of the entire tail, the functionally important regions of the tail remain to be identified. We have therefore characterized a series of kinesin-5/Cut7 tail truncation alleles in fission yeast. Partial truncation causes mitotic defects and temperature-sensitive growth, while further truncation that removes the conserved BimC motif is lethal. We compared the sliding force generated by cut7 mutants using a kinesin-14 mutant background in which some microtubules detach from the spindle poles and are pushed into the nuclear envelope. These Cut7-driven protrusions decreased as more of the tail was truncated, and the most severe truncations produced no observable protrusions. Our observations suggest that the C-terminal tail of Cut7p contributes to both sliding force and midzone localization. In the context of sequential tail truncation, the BimC motif and adjacent C-terminal amino acids are particularly important for sliding force. In addition, moderate tail truncation increases midzone localization, but further truncation of residues N terminal to the BimC motif decreases midzone localization.
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12
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Wang Q, Bode AM, Zhang T. Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37311884 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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13
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Gergely ZR, Ansari S, Jones MH, Zhou B, Cash C, McIntosh R, Betterton MD. The kinesin-5 protein Cut7 moves bidirectionally on fission yeast spindles with activity that increases in anaphase. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260474. [PMID: 36655493 PMCID: PMC10112985 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-5 motors are essential to separate mitotic spindle poles and assemble a bipolar spindle in many organisms. These motors crosslink and slide apart antiparallel microtubules via microtubule plus-end-directed motility. However, kinesin-5 localization is enhanced away from antiparallel overlaps. Increasing evidence suggests this localization occurs due to bidirectional motility or trafficking. The purified fission-yeast kinesin-5 protein Cut7 moves bidirectionally, but bidirectionality has not been shown in cells, and the function of the minus-end-directed movement is unknown. Here, we characterized the motility of Cut7 on bipolar and monopolar spindles and observed movement toward both plus- and minus-ends of microtubules. Notably, the activity of the motor increased at anaphase B onset. Perturbations to microtubule dynamics only modestly changed Cut7 movement, whereas Cut7 mutation reduced movement. These results suggest that the directed motility of Cut7 contributes to the movement of the motor. Comparison of the Cut7 mutant and human Eg5 (also known as KIF11) localization suggest a new hypothesis for the function of minus-end-directed motility and spindle-pole localization of kinesin-5s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Gergely
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Saad Ansari
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Michele H. Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Bojun Zhou
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Cai Cash
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Richard McIntosh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Meredith D. Betterton
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
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14
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Panchal NK, Evan Prince S. The NEK family of serine/threonine kinases as a biomarker for cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:17-30. [PMID: 35037094 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is defined by unrestrained cell proliferation due to impaired protein activity. Cell cycle-related proteins are likely to play a role in human cancers, including proliferation, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. The serine/threonine NEK kinases are the part of Never In Mitosis A Kinases (NIMA) family, which are less explored kinase family involved in the cell cycle, checkpoint regulation, and cilia biology. They comprise of eleven members, namely NEK1, NEK2, NEK3, NEK4, NEK5, NEK6, NEK7, NEK8, NEK9, NEK10, and NEK11, located in different cellular regions. Recent research has shown the role of NEK family in various cancers by perversely expressing. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a systematic account of our understanding of NEK kinases; structural details; and its role in the cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the NEK kinases in terms of their expression and regulation in different cancers. Lastly, we have emphasized on some of the potential NEK inhibitors reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Kishan Panchal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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15
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Kim M, Jeong HJ, Ju HM, Song JY, Jang SJ, Choi J. Overexpression of the NEK9-EG5 axis is a novel metastatic marker in pathologic stage T3 colon cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:342. [PMID: 36611072 PMCID: PMC9825400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NEK9 is a key player in the NEK9-EG5 axis for microtubule polymerization, chromosome alignment, and mitosis. In present study, we investigated the altered expression of the NEK9, EG5 and acetyl-α-tubulin as well as common epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, vimentin, claudin-1, and β-catenin) through the immunohistochemistry analysis of 138 patients with pathologic T3 (pT3) stage colon cancers, and evaluated their metastatic potential. NEK9 expression showed an association with distant metastasis (P = 0.032) and was an independent predictive factor for distant metastasis (HR = 3.365, P < 0.001) by multivariate analysis, which was more significant than either the regional nodal metastasis (HR = 2.496, P = 0.007) or lymphovascular invasion (HR = 2.090, P = 0.153). Positive correlations were observed between NEK9 and EG5 or acetyl-α-tubulin (r = 0.236 and P = 0.007; r = 0.181 and P = 0.038, respectively) and concordant overexpression of the NEK9-EG5 axis was further confirmed in colon cancer cell lines. These findings collectively suggest that the overexpression of the NEK9-EG5 axis is present and associated with distant metastasis in colon cancer. These biomarkers might be useful for predicting metastatic potential among the patients with pT3 colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejeong Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Jeong
- HiLab Clinical Laboratories, Hanaro Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-min Ju
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Ji-young Song
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Jene Choi
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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16
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Panchal NK, Mohanty S, Prince SE. NIMA-related kinase-6 (NEK6) as an executable target in cancer. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:66-77. [PMID: 36074296 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that develops when cells begin to divide uncontrollably and spreads to other parts of the body. Proliferation and invasion of cancerous cells are generally known to be influenced by cell cycle-related proteins in human malignancies. Therefore, in this review, we have emphasized on the serine/threonine kinase named NEK6. NEK6 is been deliberated to play a critical role in mitosis progression that includes mitotic spindle formation, metaphase to anaphase transition, and centrosome separation. Moreover, it has a mechanistic role in DNA repair and can cause apoptosis when inhibited. Past studies have connected NEK6 protein expression to cancer cell senescence. Besides, there are reports relating NEK6 to a range of malignancies including breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, kidney, liver, and others. Given its significance, this review attempts to describe the structural and functional aspects of NEK6 in various cellular processes, as well as how it is linked to different forms of cancer. Lastly, we have accentuated, on some of the plausible inhibitors that have been explored against NEK6 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Kishan Panchal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Shruti Mohanty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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17
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Endah E, Wulandari F, Putri Y, Jenie RI, Meiyanto E. Piperine Increases Pentagamavunon-1 Anti-cancer Activity on 4T1 Breast Cancer Through Mitotic Catastrophe Mechanism and Senescence with Sharing Targeting on Mitotic Regulatory Proteins. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e123820. [PMID: 35765510 PMCID: PMC9191230 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr.123820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pentagamavunon-1 performs more potent anti-cancer effects than curcumin against various cancer cells, but it remains to be optimized. Piperine shows the activity as an enhancer of a therapeutic agent. This study expects to achieve higher effectiveness of PGV-1 on 4T1 breast cancer cells through co-treatment with piperine with exploring the effect of cytotoxicity, mitotic catastrophe, cellular senescence, and target proteins of PGV-1 and piperine on the regulation of mitosis in TNBC cells (4T1). The assays emphasize MTT assay, May Grünwald-Giemsa staining, SA-β-galactosidase assay, and bioinformatics analysis, respectively, to elicit the respected activities. The results revealed that PGV-1 performed a cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 9 µM while piperine showed a lower cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 800 µM on 4T1 cells 24 h treatment. However, the combination treatment of both showed a synergistic cytotoxic enhancement effect with an average CI value < 1. Furthermore, the combination of PGV-1 and piperine induced mitotic catastrophe and senescence better than the single treatment. Treatment of 1 µM of PGV-1 and 400 µM of piperine increased the percentage of senescent cells by 33%. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that PGV-1 and piperine target proteins play a role in mitotic regulation, namely CDK1, KIF11, AURKA, AURKB, and PLK1, to contribute to mitotic catastrophe. Therefore, piperine increases the effectiveness of PGV-1 to suppress 4T1 cells growth synergistically that may occur through mitotic catastrophe and senescence targeting on mitotic regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endah Endah
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febri Wulandari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yurananda Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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18
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Compe E, Pangou E, Le May N, Elly C, Braun C, Hwang JH, Coin F, Sumara I, Choi KW, Egly JM. Phosphorylation of XPD drives its mitotic role independently of its DNA repair and transcription functions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9457. [PMID: 35977011 PMCID: PMC9385140 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The helicase XPD is known as a key subunit of the DNA repair/transcription factor TFIIH. However, here, we report that XPD, independently to other TFIIH subunits, can localize with the motor kinesin Eg5 to mitotic spindles and the midbodies of human cells. The XPD/Eg5 partnership is promoted upon phosphorylation of Eg5/T926 by the kinase CDK1, and conversely, it is reduced once Eg5/S1033 is phosphorylated by NEK6, a mitotic kinase that also targets XPD at T425. The phosphorylation of XPD does not affect its DNA repair and transcription functions, but it is required for Eg5 localization, checkpoint activation, and chromosome segregation in mitosis. In XPD-mutated cells derived from a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum, the phosphomimetic form XPD/T425D or even the nonphosphorylatable form Eg5/S1033A specifically restores mitotic chromosome segregation errors. These results thus highlight the phospho-dependent mitotic function of XPD and reveal how mitotic defects might contribute to XPD-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Compe
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Expression et Réparation du Génome, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404 Strasbourg, France
| | - Evanthia Pangou
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Cycle Cellulaire et Signalisation de l’Ubiquitine, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Le May
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Expression et Réparation du Génome, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clémence Elly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Expression et Réparation du Génome, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cathy Braun
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Expression et Réparation du Génome, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ji-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Frédéric Coin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Expression et Réparation du Génome, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404 Strasbourg, France
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Cycle Cellulaire et Signalisation de l’Ubiquitine, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jean-Marc Egly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Expression et Réparation du Génome, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, CNRS/INSERM/Université de Strasbourg, BP 163, Illkirch Cedex, C. U., 67404 Strasbourg, France
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan Institute, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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19
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Wei N, Yu Y, Yang Y, Wang XL, Zhong ZJ, Chen XF, Yu YQ. Inhibitions and Down-Regulation of Motor Protein Eg5 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons Reveal a Novel Therapeutic Target for Pathological Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1401-1413. [PMID: 35764763 PMCID: PMC9587155 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The motor protein Eg5, known as kif11 or kinesin-5, interacts with adjacent microtubules in the mitotic spindle and plays essential roles in cell division, yet the function of Eg5 in mature postmitotic neurons remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the contribution and molecular mechanism of Eg5 in pathological pain. Pharmacological inhibition of Eg5 and a specific shRNA-expressing viral vector reversed complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain and abrogated vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1) expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In the dorsal root, Eg5 inhibition promoted VR1 axonal transport and decreased VR1 expression. In the spinal cord, Eg5 inhibition suppressed VR1 expression in axon terminals and impaired synapse formation in superficial laminae I/II. Finally, we showed that Eg5 is necessary for PI3K/Akt signalling-mediated VR1 membrane trafficking and pathological pain. The present study provides compelling evidence of a noncanonical function of Eg5 in primary sensory neurons. These results suggest that Eg5 may be a potential therapeutic target for intractable pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao, Xi'an, 710038, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao, Xi'an, 710038, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao, Xi'an, 710038, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao, Xi'an, 710038, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhen-Juan Zhong
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao, Xi'an, 710038, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xue-Feng Chen
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao, Xi'an, 710038, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yao-Qing Yu
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao, Xi'an, 710038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Brain Stress and Behavior, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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20
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Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Promotes Centrosome Separation in Early Mitosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081360. [PMID: 35456039 PMCID: PMC9030014 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix is a key regulator of the cell cycle, as demonstrated for the passage of the G1/S checkpoint and the completion of cytokinetic abscission. Here, integrin-dependent regulation of the cell cycle in G2 and early M phases was investigated. The progression through the G2 and M phases was monitored by live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence staining in adherent and non-adherent fibroblast cells. Non-adherent cells, as well as adherent cells lacking FAK activity due to suppressed expression or pharmacological inhibition, exhibited a prolonged G2 phase and severely defect centrosome separation, resulting in delayed progress through the early mitotic stages. The activation of the critical mitotic regulator PLK1 and its indirect target Eg5, a kinesin-family motor protein driving the centrosome separation, were reduced in the cells lacking FAK activity. Furthermore, the absence of integrin adhesion or FAK activity destabilized the structural integrity of centrosomes and often caused detachment of pericentriolar material from the centrioles. These data identify a novel adhesion-dependent mechanism by which integrins via FAK and PLK1 contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle in the G2 and early M phases, and to the maintenance of genome integrity.
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In Mitosis You Are Not: The NIMA Family of Kinases in Aspergillus, Yeast, and Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074041. [PMID: 35409400 PMCID: PMC8999480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Never in mitosis gene A (NIMA) family of serine/threonine kinases is a diverse group of protein kinases implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including cilia regulation, microtubule dynamics, mitotic processes, cell growth, and DNA damage response. The founding member of this family was initially identified in Aspergillus and was found to play important roles in mitosis and cell division. The yeast family has one member each, Fin1p in fission yeast and Kin3p in budding yeast, also with functions in mitotic processes, but, overall, these are poorly studied kinases. The mammalian family, the main focus of this review, consists of 11 members named Nek1 to Nek11. With the exception of a few members, the functions of the mammalian Neks are poorly understood but appear to be quite diverse. Like the prototypical NIMA, many members appear to play important roles in mitosis and meiosis, but their functions in the cell go well beyond these well-established activities. In this review, we explore the roles of fungal and mammalian NIMA kinases and highlight the most recent findings in the field.
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22
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Tavares S, Liv N, Pasolli M, Opdam M, Rätze MAK, Saornil M, Sluimer LM, Hengeveld RCC, van Es R, van Werkhoven E, Vos H, Rehmann H, Burgering BMT, Oosterkamp HM, Lens SMA, Klumperman J, Linn SC, Derksen PWB. FER regulates endosomal recycling and is a predictor for adjuvant taxane benefit in breast cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110584. [PMID: 35385742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of non-receptor tyrosine kinase FER is an independent prognosticator that correlates with poor survival of high-grade and basal/triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Here, we show that high FER levels are also associated with improved outcomes after adjuvant taxane-based combination chemotherapy in high-risk, HER2-negative patients. In TNBC cells, we observe a causal relation between high FER levels and sensitivity to taxanes. Proteomics and mechanistic studies demonstrate that FER regulates endosomal recycling, a microtubule-dependent process that underpins breast cancer cell invasion. Using chemical genetics, we identify DCTN2 as a FER substrate. Our work indicates that the DCTN2 tyrosine 6 is essential for the development of tubular recycling domains in early endosomes and subsequent propagation of TNBC cell invasion in 3D. In conclusion, we show that high FER expression promotes endosomal recycling and represents a candidate predictive marker for the benefit of adjuvant taxane-containing chemotherapy in high-risk patients, including TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tavares
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Pasolli
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max A K Rätze
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Saornil
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lilian M Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger C C Hengeveld
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert van Es
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van Werkhoven
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harmjan Vos
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Rehmann
- Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Germany
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrika M Oosterkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, 2501 CK The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A Lens
- Oncode Institute, Department of Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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23
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Bakker EY, Fujii M, Krstic-Demonacos M, Demonacos C, Alhammad R. Protein disulfide isomerase A1‑associated pathways in the development of stratified breast cancer therapies. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:16. [PMID: 35014681 PMCID: PMC8776328 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidoreductase protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) functions as a cofactor for many transcription factors including estrogen receptor α (ERα), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) and regulates the protein stability of the tumor suppressor p53. Taking this into account we hypothesized that PDIA1, by differentially modulating the gene expression of a diverse subset of genes in the ERα-positive vs. the ERα-negative breast cancer cells, might modify dissimilar pathways in the two types of breast cancer. This hypothesis was investigated using RNA-seq data from PDIA1-silenced MCF-7 (ERα-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ERα-negative) breast cancer cells treated with either interferon γ (IFN-γ) or etoposide (ETO), and the obtained data were further analyzed using a variety of bioinformatic tools alongside clinical relevance assessment via Kaplan-Meier patient survival curves. The results highlighted the dual role of PDIA1 in suppressing carcinogenesis in the ERα(+) breast cancer patients by negatively regulating the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting carcinogenesis by inducing cell cycle progression. In the ERα(−) breast cancer patients, PDIA1 prevented tumor development by modulating NF-κB and p53 activity and cell migration and induced breast cancer progression through control of cytokine signaling and the immune response. The findings reported in this study shed light on the differential pathways regulating carcinogenesis in ERα(+) and ERα(−) breast cancer patients and could help identify therapeutic targets selectively effective in ERα(+) vs. ERα(−) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emyr Yosef Bakker
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Biological and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Humanity Oriented Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820‑8555, Japan
| | | | - Constantinos Demonacos
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Health Science, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rashed Alhammad
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, School of Health Science, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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24
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Wu B, Hu C, Kong L. ASPM combined with KIF11 promotes the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1154. [PMID: 34504599 PMCID: PMC8393588 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of assembly factor for spindle microtubules (ASPM) in the regulation of the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), bioinformatics analysis was utilized to analyze the role of ASPM in the malignant progression of HCC and its potential interaction with the kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) gene. The expression levels of ASPM and KIF11 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Following knockdown of ASPM expression, Cell Counting Kit-8/colony formation assays were performed to detect cell viability and proliferation. Wound healing and Transwell assays were employed to detect cell migration and invasion. Additionally, a co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assay was used to detect whether there was an interaction between ASPM and KIF11. KIF11 overexpression was performed to verify if ASPM exerted its effects via KIF11. ASPM was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cells, and was closely associated with a poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Interference with ASPM expression markedly inhibited the viability, proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells. Using a CO-IP assay, it was revealed that there was an interaction between ASPM and KIF11. Rescue experiments subsequently revealed the regulatory effects of ASPM on the activity, proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells via KIF11. Finally, western blot analysis demonstrated that ASPM in combination with KIF11 promoted the malignant progression of HCC by regulating the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that ASPM may interact with KIF11 in HCC cells to promote the malignant progression of HCC via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Hu
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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25
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Neska-Długosz I, Buchholz K, Durślewicz J, Gagat M, Grzanka D, Tojek K, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A. Prognostic Impact and Functional Annotations of KIF11 and KIF14 Expression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189732. [PMID: 34575892 PMCID: PMC8466126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability (GIN) has an important contribution to the pathology of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we selected mitosis and cytokinesis kinesins, KIF11 and KIF14, as factors of potential clinical and functional value in CRC, as their aberrant expression has been suspected to underlie GIN. We examined the expression and the prognostic and biological significance of KIF11 and KIF14 in CRC via in-house immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays, public mRNA expression datasets, as well as bioinformatics tools. We found that KIF11 and KIF14 expression, at both the protein and mRNA level, was markedly altered in cancer tissues compared to respective controls, which was reflected in the clinical outcome of CRC patients. Specifically, we provide the first evidence that KIF11 protein and mRNA, KIF14 mRNA, as well as both proteins together, can significantly discriminate between CRC patients with better and worse overall survival independently of other relevant clinical risk factors. The negative prognostic factors for OS were high KIF11 protein, high KIF11 protein + low KIF14 protein, low KIF11 mRNA and low KIF14 mRNA. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the gene sets related to the cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair and recombination, among others, were positively associated with KIF11 or KIF14 expression in CRC tissues. In TCGA cohort, the positive correlations between several measures related to GIN and the expression of KIFs were also demonstrated. In conclusion, our results suggest that CRC patients can be stratified into distinct risk categories by biological and molecular determinants, such as KIF11 and KIF14 expression and, mechanistically, this is likely attributable to their role in maintaining genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Neska-Długosz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Karolina Buchholz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Tojek
- Department of General, Colorectal and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (I.N.-D.); (K.B.); (J.D.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-4200; Fax: +48-52-585-4049
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26
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Guo Z, Huo X, Wu D, Hao B, Liao S. A novel variant of the KIF11 gene, c.2922G>T, is associated with Microcephaly by affecting RNA splicing. Dev Neurosci 2021; 44:113-120. [PMID: 34965526 DOI: 10.1159/000518923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Guo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Huo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- People's Hospital of Henan University, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Ota M, Funakoshi T, Aki T, Unuma K, Uemura K. Oxcarbazepine induces mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in NRK-52E proximal tubular cells. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:240-248. [PMID: 34333065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Certain medicines including anticancer drugs, NSAIDs and antiepileptic drugs are known to cause drug-induced nephropathy. For example, antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproic acid have been reported to cause damage to the proximal tubular cells. Although there has been a great deal of research concerning the nephrotoxicity of CBZ, little is known about that of oxcarbazepine (OXC), a derivative of CBZ. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying renal proximal tubular cell death caused by OXC, we examined alterations in the gene expression profile of NRK-52E proximal tubular cells during OXC exposure. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the levels of genes related to mitotic processes including chromosomal and cytoplasmic segregation, progression to G2/M phase, and formation of the mitotic spindle are increased after exposure to 50 μM OXC for 6 h. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that OXC at concentrations between 25 and 100 μM induces G2/M arrest. We also found that OXC significantly increases histone H3 phosphorylation, indicative of mitotic cells. These results imply that OXC induces cell cycle arrest at the mitotic phase. Immunofluorescence analysis showed monopolar spindles, which are formed in response to centrosome separation defects, in OXC-treated cells. We also show that OXC suppresses the phosphorylation of PLK1, which is involved not only in the activation of the kinesin family of motor proteins for centrosome separation and bipolar spindle assembly, but also in the cleavage of centrosomal proteins. Thus, our results indicate that OXC inhibits centrosome separation by reducing the activation of PLK1, which leads to the formation of an abnormal spindle and induces mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in NRK-52E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Ota
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funakoshi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Aki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Pandey H, Popov M, Goldstein-Levitin A, Gheber L. Mechanisms by Which Kinesin-5 Motors Perform Their Multiple Intracellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6420. [PMID: 34203964 PMCID: PMC8232732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar kinesin-5 motor proteins perform multiple intracellular functions, mainly during mitotic cell division. Their specialized structural characteristics enable these motors to perform their essential functions by crosslinking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules (MTs). In this review, we discuss the specialized structural features of kinesin-5 motors, and the mechanisms by which these features relate to kinesin-5 functions and motile properties. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of the kinesin-5 motors in dividing as well as in non-dividing cells, and examine their roles in pathogenetic conditions. We describe the recently discovered bidirectional motility in fungi kinesin-5 motors, and discuss its possible physiological relevance. Finally, we also focus on the multiple mechanisms of regulation of these unique motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.P.); (M.P.); (A.G.-L.)
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29
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Huang R, Liu J, Li H, Zheng L, Jin H, Zhang Y, Ma W, Su J, Wang M, Yang K. Identification of Hub Genes and Their Correlation With Immune Infiltration Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on GEO and TCGA Databases. Front Genet 2021; 12:647353. [PMID: 33995482 PMCID: PMC8120231 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.647353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with extremely high mortality in worldwide. HCC is hard to diagnose and has a poor prognosis due to the less understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms and the regulation mechanism on immune cell infiltration during hepatocarcinogenesis. Herein, by performing multiple bioinformatics analysis methods, including the RobustRankAggreg (RRA) rank analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and a devolution algorithm (CIBERSORT), we first identified 14 hub genes (NDC80, DLGAP5, BUB1B, KIF20A, KIF2C, KIF11, NCAPG, NUSAP1, PBK, ASPM, FOXM1, TPX2, UBE2C, and PRC1) in HCC, whose expression levels were significantly up-regulated and negatively correlated with overall survival time. Moreover, we found that the expression of these hub genes was significantly positively correlated with immune infiltration cells, including regulatory T cells (Treg), T follicular helper (TFH) cells, macrophages M0, but negatively correlated with immune infiltration cells including monocytes. Among these hub genes, KIF2C and UBE2C showed the most significant correlation and were associated with immune cell infiltration in HCC, which was speculated as the potential prognostic biomarker for guiding immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinying Liu
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Lanzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lierui Zheng
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haojun Jin
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junhong Su
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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30
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Pavan ICB, Peres de Oliveira A, Dias PRF, Basei FL, Issayama LK, Ferezin CDC, Silva FR, Rodrigues de Oliveira AL, Alves dos Reis Moura L, Martins MB, Simabuco FM, Kobarg J. On Broken Ne(c)ks and Broken DNA: The Role of Human NEKs in the DNA Damage Response. Cells 2021; 10:507. [PMID: 33673578 PMCID: PMC7997185 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NIMA-related kinases, or NEKs, are a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases involved in cell cycle and mitosis, centrosome disjunction, primary cilia functions, and DNA damage responses among other biological functional contexts in vertebrate cells. In human cells, there are 11 members, termed NEK1 to 11, and the research has mainly focused on exploring the more predominant roles of NEKs in mitosis regulation and cell cycle. A possible important role of NEKs in DNA damage response (DDR) first emerged for NEK1, but recent studies for most NEKs showed participation in DDR. A detailed analysis of the protein interactions, phosphorylation events, and studies of functional aspects of NEKs from the literature led us to propose a more general role of NEKs in DDR. In this review, we express that NEK1 is an activator of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), and its activation results in cell cycle arrest, guaranteeing DNA repair while activating specific repair pathways such as homology repair (HR) and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. For NEK2, 6, 8, 9, and 11, we found a role downstream of ATR and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) that results in cell cycle arrest, but details of possible activated repair pathways are still being investigated. NEK4 shows a connection to the regulation of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA DSBs, through recruitment of DNA-PK to DNA damage foci. NEK5 interacts with topoisomerase IIβ, and its knockdown results in the accumulation of damaged DNA. NEK7 has a regulatory role in the detection of oxidative damage to telomeric DNA. Finally, NEK10 has recently been shown to phosphorylate p53 at Y327, promoting cell cycle arrest after exposure to DNA damaging agents. In summary, this review highlights important discoveries of the ever-growing involvement of NEK kinases in the DDR pathways. A better understanding of these roles may open new diagnostic possibilities or pharmaceutical interventions regarding the chemo-sensitizing inhibition of NEKs in various forms of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Carolina Betim Pavan
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Andressa Peres de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Pedro Rafael Firmino Dias
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Fernanda Luisa Basei
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Luidy Kazuo Issayama
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Camila de Castro Ferezin
- Graduate Program in “Biologia Funcional e Molecular”, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-857, Brazil;
| | - Fernando Riback Silva
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Ana Luisa Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Lívia Alves dos Reis Moura
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Mariana Bonjiorno Martins
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
- Graduate Program in “Biologia Funcional e Molecular”, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-857, Brazil;
| | | | - Jörg Kobarg
- Graduate Program in “Ciências Farmacêuticas”, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Cândido Portinari 200, Prédio 2, Campinas CEP 13083-871, Brazil; (I.C.B.P.); (A.P.d.O.); (P.R.F.D.); (F.L.B.); (L.K.I.); (F.R.S.); (A.L.R.d.O.); (L.A.d.R.M.); (M.B.M.)
- Graduate Program in “Biologia Funcional e Molecular”, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-857, Brazil;
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Priyanga J, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Microtubule motors in centrosome homeostasis: A target for cancer therapy? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188524. [PMID: 33582170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a grievous concern to human health, owing to a massive heterogeneity in its cause and impact. Dysregulation (numerical, positional and/or structural) of centrosomes is one of the notable factors among those that promote onset and progression of cancers. In a normal dividing cell, a pair of centrosomes forms two poles, thereby governing the formation of a bipolar spindle assembly. A large number of cancer cells, however, harbor supernumerary centrosomes, which mimic the bipolar arrangement in normal cells by centrosome clustering (CC) into two opposite poles, thus developing a pseudo-bipolar spindle assembly. Manipulation of centrosome homeostasis is the paramount pre-requisite for the evasive strategy of CC in cancers. Out of the varied factors that uphold centrosome integrity, microtubule motors (MiMos) play a critical role. Categorized as dyneins and kinesins, MiMos are involved in cohesion of centrosomes, and also facilitate the maintenance of the numerical, positional and structural integrity of centrosomes. Herein, we elucidate the decisive mechanisms undertaken by MiMos to mediate centrosome homeostasis, and how dysregulation of the same might lead to CC in cancer cells. Understanding the impact of MiMos on CC might open up avenues toward a credible therapeutic target against diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Priyanga
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yan X, Stuurman N, Ribeiro SA, Tanenbaum ME, Horlbeck MA, Liem CR, Jost M, Weissman JS, Vale RD. High-content imaging-based pooled CRISPR screens in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211696. [PMID: 33465779 PMCID: PMC7821101 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202008158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based gene inactivation provides a powerful means for linking genes to particular cellular phenotypes. CRISPR-based screening typically uses large genomic pools of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). However, this approach is limited to phenotypes that can be enriched by chemical selection or FACS sorting. Here, we developed a microscopy-based approach, which we name optical enrichment, to select cells displaying a particular CRISPR-induced phenotype by automated imaging-based computation, mark them by photoactivation of an expressed photoactivatable fluorescent protein, and then isolate the fluorescent cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). A plugin was developed for the open source software μManager to automate the phenotypic identification and photoactivation of cells, allowing ∼1.5 million individual cells to be screened in 8 h. We used this approach to screen 6,092 sgRNAs targeting 544 genes for their effects on nuclear size regulation and identified 14 bona fide hits. These results present a scalable approach to facilitate imaging-based pooled CRISPR screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nico Stuurman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Susana A. Ribeiro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Cairn Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, CA
| | - Marvin E. Tanenbaum
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Max A. Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christina R. Liem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Marco Jost
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan S. Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ronald D. Vale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA,Correspondence to Ronald D. Vale:
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33
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Ge Y, Zhou L, Chen Z, Mao Y, Li T, Tong P, Shan L. Identification of differentially expressed genes, signaling pathways and immune infiltration in rheumatoid arthritis by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Hereditas 2021; 158:5. [PMID: 33397492 PMCID: PMC7784358 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The disability rate associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ranks high among inflammatory joint diseases. However, the cause and potential molecular events are as yet not clear. Here, we aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways and immune infiltration involved in RA utilizing integrated bioinformatics analysis and investigating potential molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods The expression profiles of GSE55235, GSE55457, GSE55584 and GSE77298 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which contained 76 synovial membrane samples, including 49 RA samples and 27 normal controls. The microarray datasets were consolidated and DEGs were acquired and further analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed using R (version 3.6.1) software, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs were developed utilizing the STRING database. Finally, the CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in RA. Results A total of 828 DEGs were recognized, with 758 up-regulated and 70 down-regulated. GO and KEGG pathway analyses demonstrated that these DEGs focused primarily on cytokine receptor activity and relevant signaling pathways. The 30 most firmly related genes among DEGs were identified from the PPI network. The principal component analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two tissues in infiltration immune. Conclusion This study shows that screening for DEGs, pathways and immune infiltration utilizing integrated bioinformatics analyses could aid in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in RA development. Besides, our study provides valuable data related to DEGs, pathways and immune infiltration of RA and may provide new insight into the understanding of molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zuxiang Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, PR China.
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34
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Ong JY, Bradley MC, Torres JZ. Phospho-regulation of mitotic spindle assembly. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:558-578. [PMID: 33280275 PMCID: PMC7898546 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of the bipolar mitotic spindle requires the careful orchestration of a myriad of enzyme activities like protein posttranslational modifications. Among these, phosphorylation has arisen as the principle mode for spatially and temporally activating the proteins involved in early mitotic spindle assembly processes. Here, we review key kinases, phosphatases, and phosphorylation events that regulate critical aspects of these processes. We highlight key phosphorylation substrates that are important for ensuring the fidelity of centriole duplication, centrosome maturation, and the establishment of the bipolar spindle. We also highlight techniques used to understand kinase-substrate relationships and to study phosphorylation events. We conclude with perspectives on the field of posttranslational modifications in early mitotic spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Y Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle C Bradley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge Z Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Identification of Potential Hub Genes Related to Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4251761. [PMID: 33376723 PMCID: PMC7744201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4251761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant cancer with poor survival outcomes, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is most likely to contribute to HCC. But the molecular mechanism remains obscure. Our study intended to identify the candidate potential hub genes associated with the carcinogenesis of HBV-related HCC (HBV-HCC), which may be helpful in developing novel tumor biomarkers for potential targeted therapies. Four transcriptome datasets (GSE84402, GSE25097, GSE94660, and GSE121248) were used to screen the 309 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 100 upregulated genes and 209 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were used to explore the biological function of DEGs. A PPI network based on the STRING database was constructed and visualized by the Cytoscape software, consisting of 209 nodes and 1676 edges. Then, we recognized 17 hub genes by CytoHubba plugin, which were further validated on additional three datasets (GSE14520, TCGA-LIHC, and ICGC-LIRI-JP). The diagnostic effectiveness of hub genes was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and all hub genes displayed good performance in discriminating TNM stage I patient samples and normal tissue ones. For prognostic analysis, two prognostic key genes (TOP2A and KIF11) out of the 17 hub genes were screened and used to develop a prognostic signature, which showed good potential for overall survival (OS) stratification of HBV-HCC patients. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed in order to better understand the function of this prognostic gene signature. Finally, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships of all hub genes in human liver were predicted using miRNet. In conclusion, the current study gives further insight on the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of HBV-HCC, and the identified DEGs provide a promising direction for improving the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic outcomes of HBV-HCC.
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36
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Zeng W, Lu Z, Zhou X. Biallelic loss of function NEK3 mutations deacetylate α-tubulin and downregulate NUP205 that predispose individuals to cilia-related abnormal cardiac left-right patterning. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1005. [PMID: 33230144 PMCID: PMC7684299 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Defective left–right (LR) organization involving abnormalities in cilia ultrastructure causes laterality disorders including situs inversus (SI) and heterotaxy (Htx) with the prevalence approximately 1/10,000 births. In this study, we describe two unrelated family trios with abnormal cardiac LR patterning. Through whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified compound heterozygous mutations (c.805-1G >C; p. Ile269GlnfsTer8/c.1117dupA; p.Thr373AsnfsTer19) (c.29T>C; p.Ile10Thr/c.356A>G; p.His119Arg) of NEK3, encoding a NIMA (never in mitosis A)-related kinase, in two affected individuals, respectively. Protein levels of NEK3 were abrogated in Patient-1 with biallelic loss-of function (LoF) NEK3 mutations that causes premature stop codon. Subsequence transcriptome analysis revealed that NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) and SIRT2 (sirtuin2) was upregulated by NEK3 knockdown in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro, which associates α-tubulin deacetylation by western blot and immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis further identified defective ciliary ultrastructure in Patient-1. Furthermore, inner ring components of nuclear pore complex (NPC) including nucleoporin (NUP)205, NUP188, and NUP155 were significantly downregulated in NEK3-silenced cells. In conclusion, we identified biallelic mutations of NEK3 predispose individual to abnormal cardiac left–right patterning via SIRT2-mediated α-tubulin deacetylation and downregulation of inner ring nucleoporins. Our study suggested that NEK3 could be a candidate gene for human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, and Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 201204, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 201102, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouping Lu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 201204, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 201204, Shanghai, China.
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37
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Fang CT, Kuo HH, Hsu SC, Yih LH. HSP70 regulates Eg5 distribution within the mitotic spindle and modulates the cytotoxicity of Eg5 inhibitors. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:715. [PMID: 32873777 PMCID: PMC7462862 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a conserved molecular chaperone and proteostasis regulator that protects cells from pharmacological stress and promotes drug resistance in cancer cells. In this study, we found that HSP70 may promote resistance to anticancer drugs that target the mitotic kinesin, Eg5, which is essential for assembly and maintenance of the mitotic spindle and cell proliferation. Our data show that loss of HSP70 activity enhances Eg5 inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity and spindle abnormalities. Furthermore, HSP70 colocalizes with Eg5 in the mitotic spindle, and inhibition of HSP70 disrupts this colocalization. Inhibition or depletion of HSP70 also causes Eg5 to accumulate at the spindle pole, altering microtubule dynamics and leading to chromosome misalignment. Using ground state depletion microscopy followed by individual molecule return (GSDIM), we found that HSP70 inhibition reduces the size of Eg5 ensembles and prevents their localization to the inter-polar region of the spindle. In addition, bis(maleimido)hexane-mediated protein-protein crosslinking and proximity ligation assays revealed that HSP70 inhibition deregulates the interaction between Eg5 tetramers and TPX2 at the spindle pole, leading to their accumulation in high-molecular-weight complexes. Finally, we showed that the passive substrate-binding activity of HSP70 is required for appropriate Eg5 distribution and function. Together, our results show that HSP70 substrate-binding activity may regulate proper assembly of Eg5 ensembles and Eg5-TPX2 complexes to modulate mitotic distribution/function of Eg5. Thus, HSP70 inhibition may sensitize cancer cells to Eg5 inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu G, Chen X, Wang Q, Yuan L. NEK7: a potential therapy target for NLRP3-related diseases. Biosci Trends 2020; 14:74-82. [PMID: 32295992 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2020.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role in innate immunity, yet the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome is not clear. In human or animal models, inappropriate NLRP3 inflammasome activation is implicated in many NLRP3-related diseases, such as tumors, inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. Until now, a great number of inhibitors have been used to disturb the related signaling pathways, such as IL-1β blockade, IL-18 blockade and caspase-1 inhibitors. Unfortunately, most of these inhibitors just disturb the signaling pathways after the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Inhibitors that directly regulate NLRP3 to abolish the inflammation response may be more effective. NEK7 is a multifunctional kinase affecting centrosome duplication, mitochondrial regulation, intracellular protein transport, DNA repair and mitotic spindle assembly. Researchers have made significant observations on the regulation of gene transcription or protein expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway by NEK7. Those signaling pathways include ROS signaling, potassium efflux, lysosomal destabilization, and NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, NEK7 has been proved to be involved in many NLRP3-related diseases in humans or in animal models. Inhibitors focused on NEK7 may regulate NLRP3 to abolish the inflammation response and NEK7 may be a potential therapeutic target for NLRP3-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganglei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueliang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Lianwen Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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KIF15 Promotes Proliferation and Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:6403012. [PMID: 32318326 PMCID: PMC7157793 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6403012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is thought as the most common human malignancy worldwide, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for nearly 90% liver cancer. Due to its poor early diagnosis and limited treatment, HCC has therefore become the most lethal malignant cancers in the world. Recently, molecular targeted therapies showed great promise in the treatment of HCC, and novel molecular therapeutic targets is urgently needed. KIF15 is a microtubule-dependent motor protein involved in multiple cell processes, such as cell division. Additionally, KIF15 has been reported to participate in the growth of various types of tumors; however, the relation between KIF15 and HCC is unclear. Herein, our study investigated the possible role of KIF15 on the progression of HCC and found that KIF15 has high expression in tumor samples from HCC patients. KIF15 could play a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation of HCC, which was proved by in vitro and in vivo assays. In conclusion, this study confirmed that KIF15 could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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40
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Króliczewski J, Bartoszewska S, Dudkowska M, Janiszewska D, Biernatowska A, Crossman DK, Krzymiński K, Wysocka M, Romanowska A, Baginski M, Markuszewski M, Ochocka RJ, Collawn JF, Sikorski AF, Sikora E, Bartoszewski R. Utilizing Genome-Wide mRNA Profiling to Identify the Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Mechanism of Triazoloacridone C-1305 as Direct Microtubule Stabilization. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040864. [PMID: 32252403 PMCID: PMC7226417 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational drug design and in vitro pharmacology profiling constitute the gold standard in drug development pipelines. Problems arise, however, because this process is often difficult due to limited information regarding the complete identification of a molecule’s biological activities. The increasing affordability of genome-wide next-generation technologies now provides an excellent opportunity to understand a compound’s diverse effects on gene regulation. Here, we used an unbiased approach in lung and colon cancer cell lines to identify the early transcriptomic signatures of C-1305 cytotoxicity that highlight the novel pathways responsible for its biological activity. Our results demonstrate that C-1305 promotes direct microtubule stabilization as a part of its mechanism of action that leads to apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that C-1305 promotes G2 cell cycle arrest by modulating gene expression. The results indicate that C-1305 is the first microtubule stabilizing agent that also is a topoisomerase II inhibitor. This study provides a novel approach and methodology for delineating the antitumor mechanisms of other putative anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Króliczewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (R.J.O.)
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dudkowska
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (D.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Dorota Janiszewska
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (D.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Biernatowska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw Poland;
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, UAB Genomics Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Karol Krzymiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Wysocka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Romanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (K.K.); (M.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Michal Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Renata J. Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (R.J.O.)
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | | | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (D.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (J.K.); (R.J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-32-14; Fax: +48-58-349-32-11
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41
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Remo A, Li X, Schiebel E, Pancione M. The Centrosome Linker and Its Role in Cancer and Genetic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:380-393. [PMID: 32277932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrosome cohesion, the joining of the two centrosomes of a cell, is increasingly appreciated as a major regulator of cell functions such as Golgi organization and cilia positioning. One major element of centrosome cohesion is the centrosome linker that consists of a growing number of proteins. The timely disassembly of the centrosome linker enables centrosomes to separate and assemble a functional bipolar mitotic spindle that is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Exciting new findings link centrosome linker defects to cell transformation and genetic disorders. We review recent data on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly and disassembly of the centrosome linker, and discuss how defects in the proper execution of these processes cause DNA damage and genomic instability leading to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy
| | - Xue Li
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Zhang M, Di CY, Guo P, Meng LB, Shan MJ, Qiu Y, Guo PY, Dong KQ, Xie Q, Wang Q. Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatic Analysis. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:1079-1091. [PMID: 31638423 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) whose mortality is comparable to morbidity is a highly fatal disease. Early approaches of diagnosis and treatment for PC are quite limited, so it is of great urgency to figure out the exact tumorigenesis and development mechanism of PC. To identify the related molecular markers of pancreatic oncogenesis, we downloaded three microarray datasets (GSE63111, GSE101448, and GSE107610) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among them were identified, and the corresponding function enrichment analyses were accomplished. The protein-protein interaction network was conducted by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the corresponding module analysis was accomplished by Cytoscape. There were 55 DEGs found in total. The molecular function and biological processes (BP) of these DEGs mainly include cytokinesis, mitotic nuclear division, cell division, cell proliferation, microtubule-based movement, and mineral absorption. Among the 55 DEGs, 14 hub genes were further confirmed and it was concluded that they mainly function in mitotic cytokinesis, microtubule-based movement, mitotic chromosome condensation, and mitotic spindle assembly from the BP analysis. The survival analysis showed that all the 14 hub genes, especially nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1 and abnormal spindle microtubule assembly, may involve in the tumorigenesis and development of PC. And they might be used as new biomarkers for auxiliary diagnosis and potential targets for immunotherapy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Hepatological Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yi Di
- School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jie Shan
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Anesthesiology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yuan Guo
- Basic Medical Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Qin Dong
- Basic Medical Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Nutrition, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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43
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Hata S, Pastor Peidro A, Panic M, Liu P, Atorino E, Funaya C, Jäkle U, Pereira G, Schiebel E. The balance between KIFC3 and EG5 tetrameric kinesins controls the onset of mitotic spindle assembly. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1138-1151. [DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Adib R, Montgomery JM, Atherton J, O'Regan L, Richards MW, Straatman KR, Roth D, Straube A, Bayliss R, Moores CA, Fry AM. Mitotic phosphorylation by NEK6 and NEK7 reduces the microtubule affinity of EML4 to promote chromosome congression. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaaw2939. [PMID: 31409757 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
EML4 is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule stability. We investigated its regulation across the cell cycle and found that EML4 was distributed as punctate foci along the microtubule lattice in interphase but exhibited reduced association with spindle microtubules in mitosis. Microtubule sedimentation and cryo-electron microscopy with 3D reconstruction revealed that the basic N-terminal domain of EML4 mediated its binding to the acidic C-terminal tails of α- and β-tubulin on the microtubule surface. The mitotic kinases NEK6 and NEK7 phosphorylated the EML4 N-terminal domain at Ser144 and Ser146 in vitro, and depletion of these kinases in cells led to increased EML4 binding to microtubules in mitosis. An S144A-S146A double mutant not only bound inappropriately to mitotic microtubules but also increased their stability and interfered with chromosome congression. In addition, constitutive activation of NEK6 or NEK7 reduced the association of EML4 with interphase microtubules. Together, these data support a model in which NEK6- and NEK7-dependent phosphorylation promotes the dissociation of EML4 from microtubules in mitosis in a manner that is required for efficient chromosome congression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Adib
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Jessica M Montgomery
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Joseph Atherton
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Laura O'Regan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Mark W Richards
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kees R Straatman
- Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Daniel Roth
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard Bayliss
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Andrew M Fry
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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45
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Eisa NH, Jilani Y, Kainth K, Redd P, Lu S, Bougrine O, Abdul Sater H, Patwardhan CA, Shull A, Shi H, Liu K, Elsherbiny NM, Eissa LA, El-Shishtawy MM, Horuzsko A, Bollag R, Maihle N, Roig J, Korkaya H, Cowell JK, Chadli A. The co-chaperone UNC45A is essential for the expression of mitotic kinase NEK7 and tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5246-5260. [PMID: 30737284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence suggests that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) co-chaperone UNC-45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) contributes to tumorigenesis and that its expression in cancer cells correlates with proliferation and metastasis of solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanism by which UNC45A regulates cancer cell proliferation remains largely unknown. Here, using siRNA-mediated gene silencing and various human cells, we report that UNC45A is essential for breast cancer cell growth, but is dispensable for normal cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence microscopy, along with gene microarray and RT-quantitative PCR analyses, revealed that UNC45A localizes to the cancer cell nucleus, where it up-regulates the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor and thereby promotes expression of the mitotic kinase NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7). We observed that UNC45A-deficient cancer cells exhibit extensive pericentrosomal material disorganization, as well as defects in centrosomal separation and mitotic chromosome alignment. Consequently, these cells stalled in metaphase and cytokinesis and ultimately underwent mitotic catastrophe, phenotypes that were rescued by heterologous NEK7 expression. Our results identify a key role for the co-chaperone UNC45A in cell proliferation and provide insight into the regulatory mechanism. We propose that UNC45A represents a promising new therapeutic target to inhibit cancer cell growth in solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- From the Georgia Cancer Center.,the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | | | | | | | - Su Lu
- From the Georgia Cancer Center
| | - Oulia Bougrine
- the Department of Pathology, Augusta University, CN-3151, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Houssein Abdul Sater
- the Department of Pathology, Augusta University, CN-3151, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | | | | | | | - Kebin Liu
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | - Laila A Eissa
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | - Mamdouh M El-Shishtawy
- the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516
| | | | - Roni Bollag
- From the Georgia Cancer Center.,the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt 35516.,the Georgia Cancer Center Biorepository, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, and
| | | | - Joan Roig
- the Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, c/Baldiri i Reixac, 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Shu S, Iimori M, Wakasa T, Ando K, Saeki H, Oda Y, Oki E, Maehara Y. The balance of forces generated by kinesins controls spindle polarity and chromosomal heterogeneity in tetraploid cells. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231530. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability, one of the most prominent features of tumour cells, causes aneuploidy. Tetraploidy is thought to be an intermediate on the path to aneuploidy, but the mechanistic relationship between the two states is poorly understood. Here, we show that spindle polarity (e.g., bipolarity or multipolarity) in tetraploid cells depends on the level of functional phospho-Eg5, a mitotic kinesin, localised at the spindle. Multipolar spindles are formed in cells with high levels of phospho-Eg5. This process is suppressed by inhibition of Eg5 or expression of a non-phosphorylatable Eg5 mutant, as well as by changing the balance between opposing forces required for centrosome separation. Tetraploid cells with high levels of functional Eg5 give rise to a heterogeneous aneuploid population via multipolar division, whereas those with low levels of functional Eg5 continue to undergo bipolar division and remain tetraploid. Furthermore, Eg5 expression levels correlate with ploidy status in tumour specimens. We provide a novel explanation for the tetraploid intermediate model: spindle polarity and subsequent tetraploid cell behaviour are determined by the balance of forces generated by mitotic kinesins at the spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Shu
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Product Research Department, Medical Affairs Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa, 247-8530, Japan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakasa
- Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-27 Kandanishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8444, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Departments of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, 3-23-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815-8588, Japan
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47
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Mann BJ, Wadsworth P. Kinesin-5 Regulation and Function in Mitosis. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Saeki E, Yasuhira S, Shibazaki M, Tada H, Doita M, Masuda T, Maesawa C. Involvement of C-terminal truncation mutation of kinesin-5 in resistance to kinesin-5 inhibitor. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209296. [PMID: 30557316 PMCID: PMC6296710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured cells easily develop resistance to kinesin-5 inhibitors (K5Is) often by overexpressing a related motor protein, kinesin-12/KIF15, or by acquiring mutations in the N-terminal motor domain of kinesin-5/KIF11 itself. We aimed to identify novel mechanisms responsible for resistance to S-trityl L-cysteine (STLC), one of the K5Is, using human osteosarcoma cell lines. Among six lines examined, U-2OS and HOS survived chronic STLC treatment and gave rise to resistant cells with IC50s at least 10-fold higher than those of the respective parental lines. Depletion of KIF15 largely eliminated the acquired K5I resistance in both cases, consistent with the proposed notion that KIF15 is indispensable for it. In contrast to the KIF11-independent property of the cells derived from HOS, those derived from U-2OS still required KIF11 for their growth and, intriguingly, expressed a C-terminal truncated variant of KIF11 resulting from a frame shift mutation (S1017fs). All of the isolated clones harbored the same mutation, suggesting its clonal expansion in the cell population due to the growth advantage during chronic STLC treatment. Transgenic expression of KIF11S1017fs in the parental U-2OS cells, as well as in HeLa cells, conferred a moderate but reproducible STLC resistance, probably owing to STLC-resistant localization of the mutant KIF11 on mitotic spindle. Our observations indicate that both KIF15 and the C-terminal-truncated KIF11 contributes to the STLC resistance of the U-2OS derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Saeki
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 16-1 Uchimaru, Morioka-shi, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shinji Yasuhira
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masahiko Shibazaki
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 16-1 Uchimaru, Morioka-shi, Iwate, Japan
| | - Minoru Doita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 16-1 Uchimaru, Morioka-shi, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Masuda
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chihaya Maesawa
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
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49
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Mann BJ, Wadsworth P. Distribution of Eg5 and TPX2 in mitosis: Insight from CRISPR tagged cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:508-521. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Mann
- Department of Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts
| | - P. Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts
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50
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De Donato M, Righino B, Filippetti F, Battaglia A, Petrillo M, Pirolli D, Scambia G, De Rosa MC, Gallo D. Identification and antitumor activity of a novel inhibitor of the NIMA-related kinase NEK6. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16047. [PMID: 30375481 PMCID: PMC6207720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The NIMA (never in mitosis, gene A)-related kinase-6 (NEK6), which is implicated in cell cycle control and plays significant roles in tumorigenesis, is an attractive target for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Here we describe the discovery of a potent ATP site-directed inhibitor of NEK6 identified by virtual screening, adopting both structure- and ligand-based techniques. Using a homology-built model of NEK6 as well as the pharmacophoric features of known NEK6 inhibitors we identified novel binding scaffolds. Twenty-five compounds from the top ranking hits were subjected to in vitro kinase assays. The best compound, i.e. compound 8 ((5Z)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxo-5-[(5-phenylfuran-2-yl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile), was able to inhibit NEK6 with low micromolar IC50 value, also displaying antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that the identified inhibitor can be used as lead candidate for the development of novel anti-cancer agents, thus opening the possibility of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta De Donato
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Righino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Filippetti
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Battaglia
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Petrillo
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Pirolli
- Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition (ICRM) - CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Gallo
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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