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Zhang L, Pan Y, Pan F, Huang S, Wang F, Zeng Z, Chen H, Tian X. MATN4 as a target gene of HIF-1α promotes the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:205941. [PMID: 38889378 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant bone tumor that exhibits rapid growth and early metastasis. Hypoxia plays a pivotal role in promoting the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma through a series of molecular events, which are partially mediated and regulated by HIF-1α. However, the regulatory network associated with HIF-1α in osteosarcoma remains limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify critical hypoxia-associated genes and investigate their effects and molecular mechanisms in osteosarcoma cells. METHODS Through bioinformatics analysis, matrilin-4 (MATN4) was identified as a crucial gene associated with hypoxia. The expression of MATN4 and HIF-1α was assessed using immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. The proliferative capacity of osteosarcoma cells was assessed through the utilization of CCK-8, EDU staining, and colony formation assays. The effects of MATN4 on the mobility of OS cells were evaluated using wound-healing assays and transwell assays. The interaction between MATN4 and HIF-1α was detected through chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS MATN4 is overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissue and cells, particularly in osteosarcoma cells with high metastatic potential. Knockdown of MATN4 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells and reverses the promoting effects of hypoxia on these functions. Additionally, HIF-1α binds to MATN4 and upregulates its expression. Interestingly, knockdown of HIF-1α reduces the stimulatory effects of MATN4 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that MATN4 is regulated by HIF-1α and confers a more aggressive phenotype on OS cells. This evidence suggests that MATN4 may act as a potential target for OS diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Songsong Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Afflicted Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Fengyan Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Houping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
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Li NY, Vorrius B, Ge J, Qiao Z, Zhu S, Katarincic J, Chen Q. Matrilin-2 within a three-dimensional lysine-modified chitosan porous scaffold enhances Schwann cell migration and axonal outgrowth for peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1142610. [PMID: 37223659 PMCID: PMC10201561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1142610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Matrilin-2 is a key extracellular matrix protein involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. We sought to develop a biomimetic scaffold to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration by incorporating matrilin-2 within a chitosan-derived porous scaffold. We hypothesized that the use of such a novel biomaterial delivers microenvironmental cues to facilitate Schwann cell (SC) migration and enhance axonal outgrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration. Materials and Methods: The effect of matrilin-2 on SC migration was evaluated with agarose drop migration assay on matrilin-2 coated dishes. SC adhesion was determined with SCs cultured atop tissue culture dishes coated with matrilin-2. Various formulations of chitosan vs matrilin-2 in scaffold constructs were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold on SC migration in the collagen conduits was determined by capillary migration assays. Neuronal adhesion and axonal outgrowth were evaluated with three-dimensional (3D) organotypic assay of dorsal root ganglions (DRG). DRG axonal outgrowth within the scaffolds was determined by immunofluorescence staining of neurofilaments. Results: Matrilin-2 induced SC migration and enhanced its adhesion. A formulation of 2% chitosan with matrilin-2 demonstrated an optimal 3D porous architecture for SC interaction. Matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold enabled SCs to migrate against gravity within conduits. Chemical modification of chitosan with lysine (K-chitosan) further improved DRG adhesion and axonal outgrowth than the matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold without lysine modification. Conclusion: We developed a matrilin-2/K-chitosan scaffold to mimic extracellular matrix cues and provide a porous matrix to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Taking advantage of matrilin-2's capability to stimulate SC migration and adhesion, we formulated a porous matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold to support axongal outgrowth. Chemical modification of chitosan with lysine further improved matrilin-2 bioactivity in the 3D scaffold. The 3D porous matrilin-2/K-chitosan scaffolds have high potential for enhancing nerve repair by stimulating SC migration, neuronal adhesion, and axonal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill Y. Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brandon Vorrius
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jonathan Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Julia Katarincic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Praus F, Künstner A, Sauer T, Kohl M, Kern K, Deichmann S, Végvári Á, Keck T, Busch H, Habermann JK, Gemoll T. Panomics reveals patient individuality as the major driver of colorectal cancer progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:41. [PMID: 36691026 PMCID: PMC9869555 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, with over one million new cases per year. Overall, prognosis of CRC largely depends on the disease stage and metastatic status. As precision oncology for patients with CRC continues to improve, this study aimed to integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses to identify significant differences in expression during CRC progression using a unique set of paired patient samples while considering tumour heterogeneity. METHODS We analysed fresh-frozen tissue samples prepared under strict cryogenic conditions of matched healthy colon mucosa, colorectal carcinoma, and liver metastasis from the same patients. Somatic mutations of known cancer-related genes were analysed using Illumina's TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel; the transcriptome was assessed comprehensively using Clariom D microarrays. The global proteome was evaluated by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) and validated by two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis. Subsequent unsupervised principal component clustering, statistical comparisons, and gene set enrichment analyses were calculated based on differential expression results. RESULTS Although panomics revealed low RNA and protein expression of CA1, CLCA1, MATN2, AHCYL2, and FCGBP in malignant tissues compared to healthy colon mucosa, no differentially expressed RNA or protein targets were detected between tumour and metastatic tissues. Subsequent intra-patient comparisons revealed highly specific expression differences (e.g., SRSF3, OLFM4, and CEACAM5) associated with patient-specific transcriptomes and proteomes. CONCLUSION Our research results highlight the importance of inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity as well as individual, patient-paired evaluations for clinical studies. In addition to changes among groups reflecting CRC progression, we identified significant expression differences between normal colon mucosa, primary tumour, and liver metastasis samples from individuals, which might accelerate implementation of precision oncology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Praus
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute Für Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorben Sauer
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Kohl
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute Für Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Kern
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Deichmann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Proteomics Biomedicum, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Keck
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute Für Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens K Habermann
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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Varkoly G, Hortobágyi TG, Gebri E, Bencze J, Hortobágyi T, Módis L. Expression Pattern of Tenascin-C, Matrilin-2, and Aggrecan in Diseases Affecting the Corneal Endothelium. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11205991. [PMID: 36294311 PMCID: PMC9604752 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11205991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern of tenascin-C, matrilin-2, and aggrecan in irreversible corneal endothelial pathology such as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) and Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which most frequently require corneal transplantation. Materials and methods: Histological specimens of corneal buttons removed during keratoplasty were investigated in PBK (n = 20) and FECD (n = 9) and compared to healthy control corneas (n = 10). The sections were studied by chromogenic immunohistochemistry (CHR-IHC) and submitted for evaluation by two investigators. Semiquantitative scoring (0 to 3+) was applied according to standardized methods at high magnification (400x). Each layer of the cornea was investigated; in addition, the stroma was subdivided into anterior, middle, and posterior parts for more precise analysis. In case of non-parametric distribution Mann−Whitney test was applied to compare two groups. Kruskal−Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests have been applied for comparison of the chromogenic IHC signal intensity among corneal layers within the control and patient groups. Differences of p < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Significantly elevated tenascin-C immunopositivity was present in the epithelium and every layer of the stroma in both pathologic conditions as compared to normal controls. In addition, also significantly stronger matrilin-2 positivity was detected in the epithelium; however, weaker reaction was present in the endothelium in PBK cases. Minimal, but significantly elevated immunopositivity could be observed in the anterior and posterior stroma in the FECD group. Additionally, minimally, but significantly higher aggrecan immunoreaction was present in the anterior stroma in PBK and in the posterior stroma in both endothelial disorders. All three antibodies disclosed the strongest reaction in the posterior stroma either in PBK or in FECD cases. Conclusions: These extracellular matrix molecules disclosed up to moderate immunopositivity in the corneal layers in varying extents. Through their networking, bridging, and adhesive abilities these proteins are involved in corneal regeneration and tissue reorganization in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Varkoly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Tibor G. Hortobágyi
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Gebri
- Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery and Dental Outpatient Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Bencze
- Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - László Módis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Effect of Interleukin-1β on Gene Expression Signatures in Schwann Cells Associated with Neuropathic Pain. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2958-2968. [PMID: 34264480 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a critical role in the development of neuropathic pain through activation of Schwann cells (SCs) after nerve injury. Here, we applied an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach to identify the effect of IL-1β on gene signatures of a rat SC line (RSC96) and the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the development of neuropathic pain. RNA-seq data demonstrated a total of 57 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 35 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated between SCs treated with IL-1β, and control SCs without treatment. Bioinformatics analysis showed that key upregulated DEGs included those associated with immune and inflammation-related processes, neurotrophin production and SC proliferation. Five proteins encoded by key upregulated DEGs (Ceacam1, Hap1, Irs3, Lgi4 and Mif) were further verified by Western blot. Consistent with the RNA-Seq results, the expression of key genes was confirmed in SCs by immunofluorescence of the chronic constriction injury (CCI) sciatic nerve in rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that treatment with IL-1β resulted in an increase in p38/ERK phosphorylation, and activators of p38/ERK enhanced the effect of IL-1β on the expression some of the key genes, whereas p38/ERK inhibitors reversed these effects. In conclusion, the present study highlights key genes involved in the development of neuropathic pain through activation of SCs after nerve injury. Identification of these genes and subsequent evidence of their mediation by IL-1β treatment promote our understanding of molecular mechanisms of nerve injury induced neuropathic pain, and highlight potential molecular targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Yao L, Shippy T, Li Y. Genetic analysis of the molecular regulation of electric fields-guided glia migration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16821. [PMID: 33033380 PMCID: PMC7546725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a developing nervous system, endogenous electric field (EF) influence embryonic growth. We reported the EF-directed migration of both rat Schwann cells (SCs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and explored the molecular mechanism using RNA-sequencing assay. However, previous studies revealed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with EF-guided migration of SCs or OPCs alone. In this study, we performed joint differential expression analysis on the RNA-sequencing data from both cell types. We report a number of significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms that are related to the cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and cell migration. Of the DEGs associated with these terms, nine up-regulated DEGs and 32 down-regulated DEGs showed the same direction of effect in both SCs and OPCs stimulated with EFs, while the remaining DEGs responded differently. Thus, our study reveals the similarities and differences in gene expression and cell migration regulation of different glial cell types in response to EF stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA.
| | - Teresa Shippy
- Bioinformatics Specialist, KSU Bioinformatics Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA
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Part 1: profiling extra cellular matrix core proteome of human fetal nucleus pulposus in search for regenerative targets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15684. [PMID: 32973250 PMCID: PMC7519061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is accompanied by a loss of Extra-cellular matrix (ECM) due to an imbalance in anabolic and catabolic pathways. Identifying ECM proteins with anabolic and/or regenerative potential could be the key to developing regenerative therapies. Since human fetal discs grow and develop rapidly, studying these discs may provide valuable insights on proteins with regenerative potential. This study compares core matrisome of 9 fetal and 7 healthy adult (age 22-79) nucleus pulposus (NP), using a proteomic and bioinformatic approach. Of the 33 upregulated proteins in fetus NP's, 20 of which were involved in ECM assembly pathways: fibromodulin, biglycan, heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer and Collagen-type 1a1, 1a2, 6a1, 6a3, 11a1, 11a2, 12a1, 14a1 and 15a1. Moreover, 10 of the upregulated proteins were involved in growth pathways 'PI3L-Akt signaling' and 'regulation of insulin like growth factor transport and uptake.' Thrombospondin 1,3 and 4, tenascin C, matrilin-3, and collagen- type 1a1, 1a2, 6a1, 6a3 and 9a1. Additionally, matrillin-2 and 'Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1' were identified as possible regenerative proteins due to their involvement in 'Regeneration' and 'tissue development' respectively. In conclusion, the consistency of human fetal NP's differs greatly from that of healthy adults. In view of these outcomes, the core matrisome of human fetal discs contains an abundant number of proteins that could potentially show regenerative properties, and their potential should be explored in future machinal experiments.
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Rajasekaran S, Tangavel C, Soundararajan DCR, Nayagam SM, Matchado MS, Muthurajan R, Anand KSSV, Rajendran S, Shetty AP, Kanna RM, Kuppamuthu D. Proteomic Signatures of Healthy Intervertebral Discs From Organ Donors: A Comparison With Previous Studies on Discs From Scoliosis, Animals, and Trauma. Neurospine 2020; 17:426-442. [PMID: 32615701 PMCID: PMC7338947 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040056.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To catalog and characterize the proteome of normal human intervertebral disc (IVD). METHODS Nine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) normal IVDs were harvested from 9 different brain dead yet alive voluntary organ donors and were subjected to electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS/MS) acquisition. RESULTS A total of 1,116 proteins were identified. Functional enrichment analysis tool DAVID ver. 6.8 categorized: extracellular proteins (38%), intracellular (31%), protein-containing complex (13%), organelle (9%), membrane proteins (6%), supramolecular complex (2%), and 1% in the cell junction. Molecular function revealed: binding activity (42%), catalytic activity (31%), regulatory activity (14%), and structural activity (7%). Molecular transducer, transporter, and transcription regulator activity together contributed to 6%. A comparison of the proteins obtained from this study to others in the literature showed a wide variation in content with only 3% of bovine, 5% of murine, 54% of human scoliotic discs, and 10.2% of discs adjacent to lumbar burst fractures common to our study of organ donors. Between proteins reported in scoliosis and lumbar fracture patients, only 13.51% were common, further signifying the contrast amongst the various MRI normal IVD samples. CONCLUSION The proteome of "healthy" human IVDs has been defined, and our results show that proteomic data on IVDs obtained from scoliosis, fracture patients, and cadavers lack normal physiological conditions and should not be used as biological controls despite normal MRI findings. This questions the validity of previous studies that have used such discs as controls for analyzing the pathomechanisms of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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Abstract
Peripheral nerves contain axons and their enwrapping glia cells named Schwann cells (SCs) that are either myelinating (mySCs) or nonmyelinating (nmSCs). Our understanding of other cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) remains limited. Here, we provide an unbiased single cell transcriptomic characterization of the nondiseased rodent PNS. We identified and independently confirmed markers of previously underappreciated nmSCs and nerve-associated fibroblasts. We also found and characterized two distinct populations of nerve-resident homeostatic myeloid cells that transcriptionally differed from central nervous system microglia. In a model of chronic autoimmune neuritis, homeostatic myeloid cells were outnumbered by infiltrating lymphocytes which modulated the local cell-cell interactome and induced a specific transcriptional response in glia cells. This response was partially shared between the peripheral and central nervous system glia, indicating common immunological features across different parts of the nervous system. Our study thus identifies subtypes and cell-type markers of PNS cells and a partially conserved autoimmunity module induced in glia cells.
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Li P, Fleischhauer L, Nicolae C, Prein C, Farkas Z, Saller MM, Prall WC, Wagener R, Heilig J, Niehoff A, Clausen-Schaumann H, Alberton P, Aszodi A. Mice Lacking the Matrilin Family of Extracellular Matrix Proteins Develop Mild Skeletal Abnormalities and Are Susceptible to Age-Associated Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020666. [PMID: 31963938 PMCID: PMC7013758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrilins (MATN1, MATN2, MATN3 and MATN4) are adaptor proteins of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), which bridge the collagen II and proteoglycan networks. In humans, dominant-negative mutations in MATN3 lead to various forms of mild chondrodysplasias. However, single or double matrilin knockout mice generated previously in our laboratory do not show an overt skeletal phenotype, suggesting compensation among the matrilin family members. The aim of our study was to establish a mouse line, which lacks all four matrilins and analyze the consequence of matrilin deficiency on endochondral bone formation and cartilage function. Matn1-4−/− mice were viable and fertile, and showed a lumbosacral transition phenotype characterized by the sacralization of the sixth lumbar vertebra. The development of the appendicular skeleton, the structure of the growth plate, chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation, and survival were normal in mutant mice. Biochemical analysis of knee cartilage demonstrated moderate alterations in the extractability of the binding partners of matrilins in Matn1-4−/− mice. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed comparable compressive stiffness but higher collagen fiber diameters in the growth plate cartilage of quadruple mutant compared to wild-type mice. Importantly, Matn1-4−/− mice developed more severe spontaneous osteoarthritis at the age of 18 months, which was accompanied by changes in the biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage. Interestingly, Matn4−/− mice also developed age-associated osteoarthritis suggesting a crucial role of MATN4 in maintaining the stability of the articular cartilage. Collectively, our data provide evidence that matrilins are important to protect articular cartilage from deterioration and are involved in the specification of the vertebral column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Lutz Fleischhauer
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany;
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Nicolae
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany;
| | - Carina Prein
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany;
| | - Zsuzsanna Farkas
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Wolf Christian Prall
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Juliane Heilig
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany;
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Alberton
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (L.F.); (C.P.); (Z.F.); (M.M.S.); (W.C.P.); (P.A.)
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-55481
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11
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Chen J, Zhou XJ, Sun RB. Effect of the combination of high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation and neurotropin on injured sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:145-151. [PMID: 31535663 PMCID: PMC6862395 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.264461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive magnetic stimulation is effective for treating posttraumatic neuropathies following spinal or axonal injury. Neurotropin is a potential treatment for nerve injuries like demyelinating diseases. This study sought to observe the effects of high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation, neurotropin and their combined use in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in 32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. To create a sciatic nerve injury model, a 10 mm-nerve segment of the left sciatic nerve was cut and rotated through 180° and each end restored continuously with interrupted sutures. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group received only a reversed autograft in the left sciatic nerve with no treatment. In the high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation group, peripheral high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation treatment (20 Hz, 20 min/d) was delivered for 10 consecutive days after auto-grafting. In the neurotropin group, neurotropin therapy (0.96 NU/kg per day) was administrated for 10 consecutive days after surgery. In the combined group, the combination of peripheral high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation (20 Hz, 20 min/d) and neurotropin (0.96 NU/kg per day) was given for 10 consecutive days after the operation. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale was used to assess the behavioral recovery of the injured nerve. The sciatic functional index was used to evaluate the recovery of motor functions. Toluidine blue staining was performed to determine the number of myelinated fibers in the distal and proximal grafts. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the length of axons marked by neurofilament 200. Our results reveal that the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores, sciatic functional index, the number of myelinated fibers in distal and proximal grafts were higher and axon lengths were longer in the high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation, neurotropin and combined groups compared with the control group. These measures were not significantly different among the high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation, neurotropin and combined groups. Therefore, our results suggest that peripheral high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation or neurotropin can promote the repair of injured sciatic nerves, but their combined use seems to offer no significant advantage. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China on December 23, 2014 (approval No. 2014keyan002-01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian-Ju Zhou
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province; Department of Neurology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong-Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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12
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White Matter Stroke Induces a Unique Oligo-Astrocyte Niche That Inhibits Recovery. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9343-9359. [PMID: 31591156 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0103-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical white matter stroke is a common stroke subtype. White matter stroke stimulates adjacent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to divide and migrate to the lesion, but stroke OPCs have only a limited differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. To understand the molecular systems that are active in OPC responses in white matter stroke, OPCs were virally labeled and laser-captured in the region of partial damage adjacent to the infarct in male mice. RNAseq indicates two distinct OPC transcriptomes associated with the proliferative and limited-regeneration phases of OPCs after stroke. Molecular pathways related to nuclear receptor activation, ECM turnover, and lipid biosynthesis are activated during proliferative OPC phases after stroke; inflammatory and growth factor signaling is activated in the later stage of limited OPC differentiation. Within ECM proteins, Matrilin-2 is induced early after stroke and then rapidly downregulated. Prediction of upstream regulators of the OPC stroke transcriptome identifies several candidate molecules, including Inhibin A-a negative regulator of Matrilin-2. Inhibin A is induced in reactive astrocytes after stroke, including in humans. In functional assays, Matrilin-2 induces OPC differentiation, and Inhibin A inhibits OPC Matrilin-2 expression and inhibits OPC differentiation. In vivo, Matrilin-2 promotes motor recovery after white matter stroke, and promotes OPC differentiation and ultrastructural evidence of remyelination. These studies show that white matter stroke induces an initial proliferative and reparative response in OPCs, but this is blocked by a local cellular niche where reactive astrocytes secrete Inhibin A, downregulating Matrilin-2 and blocking myelin repair and recovery.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stroke in the cerebral white matter of the brain is common. The biology of damage and recovery in this stroke subtype are not well defined. These studies use cell-specific RNA sequencing and gain-of-function studies to show that white matter stroke induces a glial signaling niche, present in both humans and mice, between reactive astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Astrocyte secretion of Inhibin A and downregulation of oligodendrocyte precursor production of Matrilin-2 limit OPC differentiation, tissue repair, and recovery in this disease.
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Luo J, Peng S, Bai W, Wu Z, Shan Z, Wu Z, Yuan X, Che X, Duan Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Zhang S. Matrilin-2 prevents the TNFα-induced apoptosis of WB-F344 cells via suppressing JNK pathway. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:309-315. [PMID: 30624798 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oval cells, a kind of hepatic progenitor cell quiescent at normal condition, activates to proliferate and differentiate into hepatocytes under severe and long-term liver injury, which usually raises severe inflammation. However, how oval cell survives in the inflammatory milieu interne is still unclear. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), mimicking inflammatory hepatic milieu interne, was used to treat oval cell line, WB-F344, to test the protective function of matrilin-2. In this study, our data suggested that matrilin-2 prevented TNFα-induced apoptosis in WB-F344 cells via inhibiting ASK1/MKK7/JNK pathway. In conclusion, we determined that matrilin-2 plays the key role in maintaining the survival of oval cell and guarantees its proliferation under various injury factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Luo
- Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Peng
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongshu Shan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zetao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Che
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Duan
- Department of Pathology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Changde Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, Shandong Province, China
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14
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Cipriani S, Phan V, Médard JJ, Horvath R, Lochmüller H, Chrast R, Roos A, Spendiff S. Neuromuscular Junction Changes in a Mouse Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 4C. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124072. [PMID: 30562927 PMCID: PMC6320960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) appears to be a site of pathology in a number of peripheral nerve diseases. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 4C is an autosomal recessive, early onset, demyelinating neuropathy. Numerous mutations in the SH3TC2 gene have been shown to underlie the condition often associated with scoliosis, foot deformities, and reduced nerve conduction velocities. Mice with exon 1 of the Sh3tc2 gene knocked out demonstrate many of the features seen in patients. To determine if NMJ pathology is contributory to the pathomechanisms of CMT4C we examined NMJs in the gastrocnemius muscle of SH3TC2-deficient mice. In addition, we performed proteomic assessment of the sciatic nerve to identify protein factors contributing to the NMJ alterations and the survival of demyelinated axons. Morphological and gene expression analysis of NMJs revealed a lack of continuity between the pre- and post-synaptic apparatus, increases in post-synaptic fragmentation and dispersal, and an increase in expression of the gamma subunit of the acetylcholine receptor. There were no changes in axonal width or the number of axonal inputs to the NMJ. Proteome investigations of the sciatic nerve revealed altered expression of extracellular matrix proteins important for NMJ integrity. Together these observations suggest that CMT4C pathology includes a compromised NMJ even in the absence of changes to the innervating axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cipriani
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
- INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Vietxuan Phan
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V.; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Jean-Jacques Médard
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, John Van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Forvie, Robinson way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldri I reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Riverside Drive, Ottawa, ON K1H 7X5, Canada.
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V.; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Sally Spendiff
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
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15
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Zacchigna S, Martinelli V, Moimas S, Colliva A, Anzini M, Nordio A, Costa A, Rehman M, Vodret S, Pierro C, Colussi G, Zentilin L, Gutierrez MI, Dirkx E, Long C, Sinagra G, Klatzmann D, Giacca M. Paracrine effect of regulatory T cells promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation during pregnancy and after myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2432. [PMID: 29946151 PMCID: PMC6018668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte proliferation stops at birth when the heart is no longer exposed to maternal blood and, likewise, to regulatory T cells (Tregs) that are expanded to promote maternal tolerance towards the fetus. Here, we report a role of Tregs in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. Treg-conditioned medium promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation, similar to the serum from pregnant animals. Proliferative cardiomyocytes are detected in the heart of pregnant mothers, and Treg depletion during pregnancy decreases both maternal and fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Treg depletion after myocardial infarction results in depressed cardiac function, massive inflammation, and scarce collagen deposition. In contrast, Treg injection reduces infarct size, preserves contractility, and increases the number of proliferating cardiomyocytes. The overexpression of six factors secreted by Tregs (Cst7, Tnfsf11, Il33, Fgl2, Matn2, and Igf2) reproduces the therapeutic effect. In conclusion, Tregs promote fetal and maternal cardiomyocyte proliferation in a paracrine manner and improve the outcome of myocardial infarction. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expand during pregnancy to promote tolerance towards the fetus. Here the authors show that Tregs induce proliferation of fetal and maternal cardiomyocytes during pregnancy and enhance myocardial repair via proliferation-promoting paracrine actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Moimas
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Colliva
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Anzini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Nordio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael Rehman
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Pierro
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Colussi
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Ines Gutierrez
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ellen Dirkx
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlin Long
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), F-75005, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and Center for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, 34129, Trieste, Italy.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Marilins mediate interactions between macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix, e.g., collagens and proteoglycans. They are composed of von Willebrand factor type A and epidermal growth factor-like domains and the subunits oligomerize via coiled-coil domains. Matrilin-1 and -3 are abundant in hyaline cartilage, whereas matrilin-2 and -4 are widespread but less abundant. Mutations in matrilin genes have been linked to chondrodysplasias and osteoarthritis and recently characterization of matrilin-deficient mice revealed novel functions in mechanotransduction, regeneration, or inflammation. Due to their intrinsic adhesiveness and partially also low abundance, the study of matrilins is cumbersome. In this chapter, we describe methods for purification of matrilins from tissue, analysis of matrilins in tissue extracts, recombinant expression, and generation of matrilin-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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17
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Teh DBL, Prasad A, Jiang W, Ariffin MZ, Khanna S, Belorkar A, Wong L, Liu X, All AH. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Neuroprotective aspects of Human Reactive Astrocytes induced by Interleukin 1β. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13988. [PMID: 29070875 PMCID: PMC5656635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a critical process in neuropathological conditions and neurotrauma. Although it has been suggested that it confers neuroprotective effects, the exact genomic mechanism has not been explored. The prevailing dogma of the role of astrogliosis in inhibition of axonal regeneration has been challenged by recent findings in rodent model’s spinal cord injury, demonstrating its neuroprotection and axonal regeneration properties. We examined whether their neuroprotective and axonal regeneration potentials can be identify in human spinal cord reactive astrocytes in vitro. Here, reactive astrogliosis was induced with IL1β. Within 24 hours of IL1β induction, astrocytes acquired reactive characteristics. Transcriptome analysis of over 40000 transcripts of genes and analysis with PFSnet subnetwork revealed upregulation of chemokines and axonal permissive factors including FGF2, BDNF, and NGF. In addition, most genes regulating axonal inhibitory molecules, including ROBO1 and ROBO2 were downregulated. There was no increase in the gene expression of “Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans” (CSPGs’) clusters. This suggests that reactive astrocytes may not be the main CSPG contributory factor in glial scar. PFSnet analysis also indicated an upregulation of “Axonal Guidance Signaling” pathway. Our result suggests that human spinal cord reactive astrocytes is potentially neuroprotective at an early onset of reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boon Loong Teh
- Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 5-COR, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Ankshita Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, E4, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mohd Zacky Ariffin
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Khanna
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abha Belorkar
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore, 117417, Singapore
| | - Limsoon Wong
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore, 117417, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Angelo H All
- Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 5-COR, Singapore, 117456, Singapore. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 701C Rutland Avenue 720, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 701C Rutland Avenue 720, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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18
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Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration. Nature 2016; 532:195-200. [PMID: 27027288 DOI: 10.1038/nature17623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1182] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transected axons fail to regrow in the mature central nervous system. Astrocytic scars are widely regarded as causal in this failure. Here, using three genetically targeted loss-of-function manipulations in adult mice, we show that preventing astrocyte scar formation, attenuating scar-forming astrocytes, or ablating chronic astrocytic scars all failed to result in spontaneous regrowth of transected corticospinal, sensory or serotonergic axons through severe spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions. By contrast, sustained local delivery via hydrogel depots of required axon-specific growth factors not present in SCI lesions, plus growth-activating priming injuries, stimulated robust, laminin-dependent sensory axon regrowth past scar-forming astrocytes and inhibitory molecules in SCI lesions. Preventing astrocytic scar formation significantly reduced this stimulated axon regrowth. RNA sequencing revealed that astrocytes and non-astrocyte cells in SCI lesions express multiple axon-growth-supporting molecules. Our findings show that contrary to the prevailing dogma, astrocyte scar formation aids rather than prevents central nervous system axon regeneration.
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19
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Li SH, Yang HL, Xiao H, Wang YB, Wang DC, Huo R. Inflammation and cutaneous nervous system involvement in hypertrophic scarring. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1678-82. [PMID: 26692869 PMCID: PMC4660765 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.167769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to use a mouse model of hypertrophic scarring by mechanical loading on the dorsum of mice to determine whether the nervous system of the skin and inflammation participates in hypertrophic scarring. Results of hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that inflammation contributed to the formation of a hypertrophic scar and increased the nerve density in scar tissue.Western blot assay verified that interleukin-13 expression was increased in scar tissue. These findings suggest that inflammation and the cutaneous nervous system play a role in hypertrophic scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Heng-Lian Yang
- Jinan Fire Protection Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hu Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Bing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Chang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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20
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Chi Y, Chai J, Xu C, Luo H, Zhang Q. The extracellular matrix protein matrilin-2 induces post-burn inflammatory responses as an endogenous danger signal. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:833-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Korpos É, Deák F, Kiss I. Matrilin-2, an extracellular adaptor protein, is needed for the regeneration of muscle, nerve and other tissues. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26199591 PMCID: PMC4498336 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) performs essential functions in the differentiation, maintenance and remodeling of tissues during development and regeneration, and it undergoes dynamic changes during remodeling concomitant to alterations in the cell-ECM interactions. Here we discuss recent data addressing the critical role of the widely expressed ECM protein, matrilin-2 (Matn2) in the timely onset of differentiation and regeneration processes in myogenic, neural and other tissues and in tumorigenesis. As a multiadhesion adaptor protein, it interacts with other ECM proteins and integrins. Matn2 promotes neurite outgrowth, Schwann cell migration, neuromuscular junction formation, skeletal muscle and liver regeneration and skin wound healing. Matn2 deposition by myoblasts is crucial for the timely induction of the global switch toward terminal myogenic differentiation during muscle regeneration by affecting transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein 7/Smad and other signal transduction pathways. Depending on the type of tissue and the pathomechanism, Matn2 can also promote or suppress tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Korpos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany ; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ferenc Deák
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary ; Avidin Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kiss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary ; Avidin Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Hintermann E, Bayer M, Pfeilschifter JM, Deák F, Kiss I, Paulsson M, Christen U. Upregulation of matrilin-2 expression in murine hepatic stellate cells during liver injury has no effect on fibrosis formation and resolution. Liver Int 2015; 35:1265-73. [PMID: 24905825 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Matrilins are a family of four oligomeric adaptor proteins whose functions in extracellular matrix assembly during pathophysiological events still need to be explored in more detail. Matrilin-2 is the largest family member and the only matrilin expressed in the naive liver. Several studies demonstrate that matrilin-2 interacts with collagen I, fibronectin or laminin-111-nidogen-1 complexes. All these matrix components get upregulated during hepatic scar tissue formation. Therefore, we tested whether matrilin-2 has an influence on the formation and/or the resolution of fibrotic tissue in the mouse liver. METHODS Fibrosis was induced by infection with an adenovirus encoding cytochrome P450 2D6 (autoimmune liver damage) or by exposure to the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride. Fibrosis severity and matrilin-2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated and analysed by immunocytochemistry and Transwell migration assays. RESULTS Both autoimmune as well as chemically induced liver damage led to simultaneous upregulation of matrilin-2 and collagen I expression. Discontinuation of carbon tetrachloride exposure resulted in concomitant dissolution of both proteins. Activated HSCs were the source of de novo matrilin-2 expression. Comparing wild type and matrilin-2-deficient mice, no differences were detected in fibronectin and collagen I upregulation and resolution kinetics as well as amount or location of fibronectin and collagen I production and degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the absence of matrilin-2 has no effect on HSC activation and regression kinetics, synthetic activity, proliferative capacity, motility, or HSC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Hintermann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt / ZAFES, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kruspe M, Thieme H, Guntinas-Lichius O, Irintchev A. Motoneuron regeneration accuracy and recovery of gait after femoral nerve injuries in rats. Neuroscience 2014; 280:73-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jonas A, Thiem S, Kuhlmann T, Wagener R, Aszodi A, Nowell C, Hagemeier K, Laverick L, Perreau V, Jokubaitis V, Emery B, Kilpatrick T, Butzkueven H, Gresle M. Axonally derived matrilin-2 induces proinflammatory responses that exacerbate autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5042-56. [PMID: 25329699 DOI: 10.1172/jci71385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), inflammatory axonal injury is a major determinant of disability; however, the drivers of this injury are incompletely understood. Here, we used the EAE model and determined that the extracellular matrix protein matrilin-2 (MATN2) is an endogenous neuronal molecule that is regulated in association with inflammatory axonal injury. Compared with WT mice, mice harboring a deletion of Matn2 exhibited reduced disease severity and axon damage following induction of EAE. Evaluation of neuron-macrophage cocultures revealed that exogenous MATN2 specifically signals through TLR4 and directly induces expression of proinflammatory genes in macrophages, promoting axonal damage. Moreover, the MATN2-induced proinflammatory response was attenuated greatly in macrophages from Myd88 KO mice. Examination of brain sections from patients with MS revealed that MATN2 is expressed in lesions but not in normal-appearing white matter. Together, our results indicate that MATN2 is a deleterious endogenous neuroaxonal injury response signal that activates innate immune cells and could contribute to early axonal damage in CNS inflammatory diseases like MS.
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Deák F, Mátés L, Korpos E, Zvara A, Szénási T, Kiricsi M, Mendler L, Keller-Pintér A, Ozsvári B, Juhász H, Sorokin L, Dux L, Mermod N, Puskás LG, Kiss I. Extracellular deposition of matrilin-2 controls the timing of the myogenic program during muscle regeneration. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3240-56. [PMID: 24895400 PMCID: PMC4117230 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.141556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we identify a role for the matrilin-2 (Matn2) extracellular matrix protein in controlling the early stages of myogenic differentiation. We observed Matn2 deposition around proliferating, differentiating and fusing myoblasts in culture and during muscle regeneration in vivo. Silencing of Matn2 delayed the expression of the Cdk inhibitor p21 and of the myogenic genes Nfix, MyoD and Myog, explaining the retarded cell cycle exit and myoblast differentiation. Rescue of Matn2 expression restored differentiation and the expression of p21 and of the myogenic genes. TGF-β1 inhibited myogenic differentiation at least in part by repressing Matn2 expression, which inhibited the onset of a positive-feedback loop whereby Matn2 and Nfix activate the expression of one another and activate myoblast differentiation. In vivo, myoblast cell cycle arrest and muscle regeneration was delayed in Matn2(-/-) relative to wild-type mice. The expression levels of Trf3 and myogenic genes were robustly reduced in Matn2(-/-) fetal limbs and in differentiating primary myoblast cultures, establishing Matn2 as a key modulator of the regulatory cascade that initiates terminal myogenic differentiation. Our data thus identify Matn2 as a crucial component of a genetic switch that modulates the onset of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Deák
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Mátés
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eva Korpos
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Muenster University, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Agnes Zvara
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szénási
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Luca Mendler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Keller-Pintér
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Hajnalka Juhász
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Muenster University, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - László Dux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nicolas Mermod
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Lausanne, and Center for Biotechnology of the University of Lausanne and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László G Puskás
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Avidin Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Kiss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Avidin Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Fortes MR, HMS Suhaimi A, R. Porto-Neto L, M. McWilliam S, Flatscher-Bader T, S. Moore S, J. D׳Occhio M, T. Meira C, G. Thomas M, M. Snelling W, Reverter A, A. Lehnert S. Post-partum anoestrus in tropical beef cattle: A systems approach combining gene expression and genome-wide association results. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Matrilin-2 is proteolytically cleaved by ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. Molecules 2014; 19:8472-87. [PMID: 24959676 PMCID: PMC6271824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrilin-2 is a widely distributed, oligomeric extracellular matrix protein that forms a filamentous network by binding to a variety of different extracellular matrix proteins. We found matrilin-2 proteolytic products in transfected cell lines in vitro and in mouse tissues in vivo. Two putative cleavage sites were identified in the unique domain of matrilin-2; the first site was located between D851 and L852 in the middle of the domain and the second, at the boundary with the coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. Deletion of the entire unique domain eliminated the proteolysis of matrilin-2. While the first cleavage site was present in all matrilin-2 oligomers, the second cleavage site became apparent only in the matrilin-2 hetero-oligomers with matrilin-1 or matrilin-3. Analysis using a variety of extracellular protease inhibitors suggested that this proteolytic activity was derived from a member or several members of the ADAMTS family. Recombinant human ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1) and ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2), but not ADAMTS-1, cleaved recombinant matrilin-2, thereby yielding matrilin-2 proteolytic peptides at the predicted sizes. These results suggest that ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 may destabilize the filamentous network in the extracellular matrix by cleaving matrilin-2 in both homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers.
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Matrilin-2 is a widely distributed extracellular matrix protein and a potential biomarker in the early stage of osteoarthritis in articular cartilage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:986127. [PMID: 24741569 PMCID: PMC3967717 DOI: 10.1155/2014/986127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we first generated and characterized a polyclonal antibody against unique domain of matrlin-2 and then used this specific antibody to assess the expression pattern of matrilin-2 by immunohistochemistry. We found that marilin-2 is widely distributed in the connective tissues of many mouse tissues including heart, colon, penis, esophagus, lung, kidney, tracheal cartilage, developmental bone, and adult bone. The expression level of matrilin-2 was remarkably increased in the tissues of osteoarthritis developmental articular cartilage, compared to normal healthy tissues. Furthermore, we determined matrilin-2 expression in specific epithelial cells in stomach and ductal epithelial cells of salivary gland. In other tissues, the positive signals were mainly located around cardiac muscle cells and Purkinje fibers in the heart; corpus spongiosum in the penis; submucosa in the colon and esophagus; extracellular matrix of cartilage in the tracheal cartilage; and, glomerulus, the basement membrane of distal convoluted tubule and renal matrix in kidney. These observations indicated that the distribution pattern of matrilin-2 is heterogeneous in each tissue. Matrilin-2 may play an important role in the communication of matrix to matrix and matrix to cells and will be used as a potential biomarker in the early stage of osteoarthritis of articular cartilage.
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Neacsu CD, Ko YP, Tagariello A, Røkenes Karlsen K, Neiss WF, Paulsson M, Wagener R. Matrilin-1 is essential for zebrafish development by facilitating collagen II secretion. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:1505-18. [PMID: 24293366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.529933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrilin-1 is the prototypical member of the matrilin protein family and is highly expressed in cartilage. However, gene targeting of matrilin-1 in mouse did not lead to pronounced phenotypes. Here we used the zebrafish as an alternative model to study matrilin function in vivo. Matrilin-1 displays a multiphasic expression during zebrafish development. In an early phase, with peak expression at about 15 h post-fertilization, matrilin-1 is present throughout the zebrafish embryo with exception of the notochord. Later, when the skeleton develops, matrilin-1 is expressed mainly in cartilage. Morpholino knockdown of matrilin-1 results both in overall growth defects and in disturbances in the formation of the craniofacial cartilage, most prominently loss of collagen II deposition. In fish with mild phenotypes, certain cartilage extracellular matrix components were present, but the tissue did not show features characteristic for cartilage. The cells showed endoplasmic reticulum aberrations but no activation of XBP-1, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress. In severe phenotypes nearly all chondrocytes died. During the early expression phase the matrilin-1 knockdown had no effects on cell morphology, but increased cell death was observed. In addition, the broad deposition of collagen II was largely abolished. Interestingly, the early phenotype could be rescued by the co-injection of mRNA coding for the von Willebrand factor C domain of collagen IIα1a, indicating that the functional loss of this domain occurs as a consequence of matrilin-1 deficiency. The results show that matrilin-1 is indispensible for zebrafish cartilage formation and plays a role in the early collagen II-dependent developmental events.
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Akyüz N, Rost S, Mehanna A, Bian S, Loers G, Oezen I, Mishra B, Hoffmann K, Guseva D, Laczynska E, Irintchev A, Jakovcevski I, Schachner M. Dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase1 ablation accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:517-30. [PMID: 23360803 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) proteoglycans are major components of the extracellular matrix implicated in neural development, plasticity and regeneration. While it is accepted that CS are major inhibitors of neural regeneration, the contributions of DS to regeneration have not been assessed. To enable a novel approach in studies on DS versus CS roles during development and regeneration, we generated a mouse deficient in the dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase1 (Chst14(-/-)), a key enzyme in the synthesis of iduronic acid-containing modules found in DS but not CS. In wild-type mice, Chst14 is expressed at high levels in the skin and in the nervous system, and is enriched in astrocytes and Schwann cells. Ablation of Chst14, and the assumed failure to produce DS, resulted in smaller body mass, reduced fertility, kinked tail and increased skin fragility compared with wild-type (Chst14(+/+)) littermates, but brain weight and gross anatomy were unaffected. Neurons and Schwann cells from Chst14(-/-) mice formed longer processes in vitro, and Chst14(-/-) Schwann cells proliferated more than Chst14(+/+) Schwann cells. After femoral nerve transection/suture, functional recovery and axonal regrowth in Chst14(-/-) mice were initially accelerated but the final outcome 3months after injury was not better than that in Chst14(+/+) littermates. These results suggest that while Chst14 and its enzymatic products might be of limited importance for neural development, they may contribute to the regeneration-restricting environment in the adult mammalian nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Akyüz
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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tPA regulates neurite outgrowth by phosphorylation of LRP5/6 in neural progenitor cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:199-215. [PMID: 23925701 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the important role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as a neuromodulator in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, its role in neural progenitor cell (NPC) development is not clear yet. We identified that tPA is highly expressed in NPCs compared with neurons. Inhibition of tPA activity or expression using tPA stop, PAI-1, or tPA siRNA inhibited neurite outgrowth from NPCs, while overexpression or addition of exogenous tPA increased neurite outgrowth. The expression of Wnt and β-catenin as well as phosphorylation of LRP5 and LRP6, which has been implicated in Wnt-β-catenin signaling, was rapidly increased after tPA treatment and was decreased by tPA siRNA transfection. Knockdown of β-catenin or LRP5/6 expression by siRNA prevented tPA-induced neurite extension. NPCs obtained from tPA KO mice showed impaired neurite outgrowth compared with WT NPCs. In ischemic rat brains, axon density was higher in the brains transplanted with WT NPCs than in those with tPA KO NPCs, suggesting increased axonal sprouting by NPC-derived tPA. tPA-mediated regulation of neuronal maturation in NPCs may play an important role during development and in regenerative conditions.
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Chen CC, Wong CW. Neurosensory mechanotransduction through acid-sensing ion channels. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:337-49. [PMID: 23490035 PMCID: PMC3823015 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage-insensitive cation channels responding to extracellular acidification. ASIC proteins have two transmembrane domains and a large extracellular domain. The molecular topology of ASICs is similar to that of the mechanosensory abnormality 4- or 10-proteins expressed in touch receptor neurons and involved in neurosensory mechanotransduction in nematodes. The ASIC proteins are involved in neurosensory mechanotransduction in mammals. The ASIC isoforms are expressed in Merkel cell-neurite complexes, periodontal Ruffini endings and specialized nerve terminals of skin and muscle spindles, so they might participate in mechanosensation. In knockout mouse models, lacking an ASIC isoform produces defects in neurosensory mechanotransduction of tissue such as skin, stomach, colon, aortic arch, venoatrial junction and cochlea. The ASICs are thus implicated in touch, pain, digestive function, baroreception, blood volume control and hearing. However, the role of ASICs in mechanotransduction is still controversial, because we lack evidence that the channels are mechanically sensitive when expressed in heterologous cells. Thus, ASIC channels alone are not sufficient to reconstruct the path of transducing molecules of mechanically activated channels. The mechanotransducers associated with ASICs need further elucidation. In this review, we discuss the expression of ASICs in sensory afferents of mechanoreceptors, findings of knockout studies, technical issues concerning studies of neurosensory mechanotransduction and possible missing links. Also we propose a molecular model and a new approach to disclose the molecular mechanism underlying the neurosensory mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li L, Zhang L, Shao Y, Wang G, Gong R, Wang Z, Peng J, Wang S, Genochio D, Zhao B, Luo J. Distinct roles of two alternative splice variants of matrilin-2 in protein oligomerization and proteolysis. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:1204-10. [PMID: 22941200 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrilin-2 (matn2) contains a unique domain, between the second von Willebrand factor A (vWFA) domain and the C-terminal coiled-coil domain, with no sequence homology with other family members. Complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence analysis of matn2 expression in both mice and humans revealed an alternative splice site in the region of the unique domain, which forms a short and a long splicing variant (containing an additional 19 amino acids). However, the expression heterogeneity of the alternative spliced variants, and the roles of the unique domain in oligomerization and proteolysis of matn2 are unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of the two alternative splice variants of matn2 in several skeletal and non-skeletal tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Both splice variants of matn2 were detected at the mRNA level in all tissues studied. To explore the biochemical significance, several minigene constructs containing the second vWFA domain, the unique domain (with either a long or short form) and the coiled-coil domain of mouse mini matn2 were generated. Ectopic expression of these constructs demonstrated that the long form of matn2 is capable of self-assembling into several oligomeric forms, including a tetramer, trimer, pentamer or multimer; but the short form is only capable of forming a tetramer, trimer or dimer. Moreover, we observed that the splice variants of matn2 are important in modulating matn2 cleavage when co-expressed with matrilin-1 or matrilin-3. These results indicate that the two alternative splice variants have distinct roles in the processes of post-translational modification of matn2, which may have an impact on the homeostasis of the matrilin filamentous network of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Zhanjiang 524001, PR China
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Irintchev A, Wu MM, Lee HJ, Zhu H, Feng YP, Liu YS, Bernreuther C, Loers G, You SW, Schachner M. Glycomimetic improves recovery after femoral injury in a non-human primate. J Neurotrauma 2012; 28:1295-306. [PMID: 21463132 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In adult mammals, restoration of function after peripheral nerve injury is often poor and effective therapies are not available. Previously we have shown in mice that a peptide which functionally mimics the human natural killer cell (HNK)-1 trisaccharide epitope significantly improves the outcome of femoral nerve injury. Here we evaluated the translational potential of this treatment using primates. We applied a linear HNK-1 mimetic or a functionally inactive control peptide in silicone cuffs used to reconstruct the cut femoral nerves of adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Functional recovery was evaluated using video-based gait analysis over a 160-day observation period. The final outcome was further assessed using force measurements, H-reflex recordings, nerve histology, and ELISA to assess immunoreactivity to HNK-1 in the treated monkeys. Gait deficits were significantly reduced in HNK-1 mimetic-treated compared with control peptide-treated animals between 60 and 160 days after injury. Better outcome at 160 days after surgery in treated versus control animals was also confirmed by improved quadriceps muscle force, enhanced H-reflex amplitude, decreased H-reflex latency, and larger diameters of regenerated axons. No adverse reactions to the mimetic, in particular immune responses resulting in antibodies against the HNK-1 mimetic or immune cell infiltration into the damaged nerve, were observed. These results indicate the potential of the HNK-1 mimetic as an efficient, feasible, and safe adjunct treatment for nerve injuries requiring surgical repair in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Irintchev
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany.
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Bridging peripheral nerve defects with a tissue engineered nerve graft composed of an in vitro cultured nerve equivalent and a silk fibroin-based scaffold. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3860-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lerch JK, Kuo F, Motti D, Morris R, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP. Isoform diversity and regulation in peripheral and central neurons revealed through RNA-Seq. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30417. [PMID: 22272348 PMCID: PMC3260295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully understand cell type identity and function in the nervous system there is a need to understand neuronal gene expression at the level of isoform diversity. Here we applied Next Generation Sequencing of the transcriptome (RNA-Seq) to purified sensory neurons and cerebellar granular neurons (CGNs) grown on an axonal growth permissive substrate. The goal of the analysis was to uncover neuronal type specific isoforms as a prelude to understanding patterns of gene expression underlying their intrinsic growth abilities. Global gene expression patterns were comparable to those found for other cell types, in that a vast majority of genes were expressed at low abundance. Nearly 18% of gene loci produced more than one transcript. More than 8000 isoforms were differentially expressed, either to different degrees in different neuronal types or uniquely expressed in one or the other. Sensory neurons expressed a larger number of genes and gene isoforms than did CGNs. To begin to understand the mechanisms responsible for the differential gene/isoform expression we identified transcription factor binding sites present specifically in the upstream genomic sequences of differentially expressed isoforms, and analyzed the 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs) for microRNA (miRNA) target sites. Our analysis defines isoform diversity for two neuronal types with diverse axon growth capabilities and begins to elucidate the complex transcriptional landscape in two neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Lerch
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Frank Kuo
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dario Motti
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard Morris
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- The Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - John L. Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- The Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VPL); (JLB)
| | - Vance P. Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VPL); (JLB)
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Abstract
Axon regeneration is a fundamental problem facing neuroscientists and clinicians. Failure of axon regeneration is caused by both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. New techniques to examine gene expression such as Next Generation Sequencing of the Transcriptome (RNA-Seq) drastically increase our knowledge of both gene expression complexity (RNA isoforms) and gene expression regulation. By utilizing RNA-Seq, gene expression can now be defined at the level of isoforms, an essential step for understanding the mechanisms governing cell identity, growth and ultimately cellular responses to injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Lerch
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Roet KCD, Bossers K, Franssen EHP, Ruitenberg MJ, Verhaagen J. A meta-analysis of microarray-based gene expression studies of olfactory bulb-derived olfactory ensheathing cells. Exp Neurol 2011; 229:10-45. [PMID: 21396936 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome wide transcriptional profiling and large scale proteomics have emerged as two powerful methods to dissect the molecular properties of specific neural tissues or cell types on a global scale. Several genome-wide transcriptional profiling and proteomics studies have been published on cultured olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC). In this article we present a meta-analysis of all five published and publicly available micro-array gene expression datasets of cultured early-passage-OB-OEC with other cell types (Schwann cells, late-passage-OB-OEC, mucosa-OEC, an OEC cell line, and acutely dissected OEC). The aim of this meta-analysis is to identify genes and molecular pathways that are found in multiple instead of one isolated study. 454 Genes were detected in at least three out of five microarray datasets. In this "Top-list", genes involved in the biological processes "growth of neurites", "blood vessel development", "migration of cells" and "immune response" were strongly overrepresented. By applying network analysis tools, molecular networks were constructed and Hub-genes were identified that may function as key genes in the above mentioned interrelated processes. We also identified 7 genes (ENTPD2, MATN2, CTSC, PTHLH, GLRX1, COL27A1 and ID2) with uniformly higher or lower expression in early-passage-OB-OEC in all five microarray comparisons. These genes have diverse but intriguing roles in neuroprotection, neurite extension and/or tissue repair. Our meta-analysis provides novel insights into the molecular basis of OB-OEC-mediated neural repair and can serve as a repository for investigators interested in the molecular biology of OEC. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Understanding olfactory ensheathing glia and their prospect for nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper C D Roet
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Irintchev A. Potentials and limitations of peripheral nerve injury models in rodents with particular reference to the femoral nerve. Ann Anat 2011; 193:276-85. [PMID: 21481575 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of function after peripheral nerve repair in humans is unsatisfactory. Various causes of poor recovery have been proposed. Still, we do not understand which of these potential factors are indeed detrimental and do not know how to manipulate them experimentally in a clinically feasible way. Future success largely depends on methodological improvement in rodent models. An example of recent progress is the introduction of new functional and anatomical outcome measures in the facial nerve injury paradigm which led to novel insights into facial nerve regeneration and a new therapeutic concept. Less success can be ascribed to the use of the classical spinal nerve model, the sciatic nerve paradigm, not least because of its anatomical and functional complexity making assessment of recovery challenging. A simpler alternative to the sciatic nerve is the femoral nerve model. It offers, alongside with its known usefulness for studies on precision of motor reinnervation, the possibility of reliable functional assessments and a straightforward search of anatomical substrates of dysfunction. The structure-function approach in the femoral nerve paradigm has been useful for testing of novel therapeutic means and analyses of regeneration in mutant mice. The potential of the method has still not been really exploited and its more extensive use may contribute to better understanding of nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Irintchev
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 2, Jena, Germany.
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40
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Klatt AR, Becker AKA, Neacsu CD, Paulsson M, Wagener R. The matrilins: Modulators of extracellular matrix assembly. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:320-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Vickerman L, Neufeld S, Cobb J. Shox2 function couples neural, muscular and skeletal development in the proximal forelimb. Dev Biol 2011; 350:323-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fey A, Schachner M, Irintchev A. A novel motion analysis approach reveals late recovery in C57BL/6 mice and deficits in NCAM-deficient mice after sciatic nerve crush. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:815-28. [PMID: 20121417 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of motor abilities after sciatic nerve injury in rodents, in particular mice, relies exclusively on walking track (footprint) analysis despite known limitations of this method. Using principles employed recently for video-based motion analyses after femoral nerve and spinal cord injuries, we have designed and report here a novel approach for functional assessments after sciatic nerve lesions in mice. Functional deficits are estimated by angle and distance measurements on single video frames recorded during beam-walking and inclined ladder climbing. Analyses of adult C57BL/6J mice after crush of the sciatic, tibial, or peroneal nerve allowed the identification of six numerical parameters, detecting impairments of the plantar flexion of the foot and the toe spread. Some of these parameters, as well as footprint functional indices, revealed severe impairment after crush injury of the sciatic or tibial, but not the peroneal nerve, and complete recovery within 3 weeks after lesion. Other novel estimates, however, showed that complete recovery is reached as late as 2-3 months after sciatic nerve crush. These measures detected both tibial and peroneal dysfunction. In contrast to the complete restoration of function in wild-type mice (100%), our new parameters, in contrast to the sciatic functional index, showed incomplete recovery (85%) 90 days after sciatic nerve crush in mice deficient in the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). We conclude that the novel video-based approach is more precise, sensitive, and versatile than established tests, allowing objective numerical assessment of different motor functions in a sciatic nerve injury paradigm in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fey
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Nesslinger NJ, Ng A, Tsang KY, Ferrara T, Schlom J, Gulley JL, Nelson BH. A viral vaccine encoding prostate-specific antigen induces antigen spreading to a common set of self-proteins in prostate cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4046-56. [PMID: 20562209 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported a randomized phase II clinical trial combining a poxvirus-based vaccine encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with radiotherapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Here, we investigate whether vaccination against PSA induced immune responses to additional tumor-associated antigens and how this influenced clinical outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Pretreatment and posttreatment serum samples from patients treated with vaccine + external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) versus EBRT alone were evaluated by Western blot and serologic screening of a prostate cancer cDNA expression library (SEREX) to assess the development of treatment-associated autoantibody responses. RESULTS Western blotting revealed treatment-associated autoantibody responses in 15 of 33 (45.5%) patients treated with vaccine + EBRT versus 1 of 8 (12.5%) treated with EBRT alone. SEREX screening identified 18 antigens, which were assembled on an antigen array with 16 previously identified antigens. Antigen array screening revealed that 7 of 33 patients (21.2%) treated with vaccine + EBRT showed a vaccine-associated autoantibody response to four ubiquitously expressed self-antigens: DIRC2, NDUFS1, MRFAP1, and MATN2. These responses were not seen in patients treated with EBRT alone, or other control groups. Patients with autoantibody responses to this panel of antigens had a trend toward decreased biochemical-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine + EBRT induced antigen spreading in a large proportion of patients. A subset of patients developed autoantibodies to a panel of four self-antigens and showed a trend toward inferior outcomes. Thus, cancer vaccines directed against tumor-specific antigens can trigger autoantibody responses to self-proteins, which may influence the efficacy of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Nesslinger
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency-Vancouver Island Centre, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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