1
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Zhang D, Li L, Li M, Cao X. Biological functions and clinic significance of SAF‑A (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:88. [PMID: 38665420 PMCID: PMC11040223 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As one member of the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family, scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) or hnRNP U, is an abundant nuclear protein. With RNA and DNA binding activities, SAF-A has multiple functions. The present review focused on the biological structure and different roles of SAF-A and SAF-A-related diseases. It was found that SAF-A maintains the higher-order chromatin organization via RNA and DNA, and regulates transcription at the initiation and elongation stages. In addition to regulating pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA transportation and stabilization, SAF-A participates in double-strand breaks and mitosis repair. Therefore, the aberrant expression and mutation of SAF-A results in tumors and impaired neurodevelopment. Moreover, SAF-A may play a role in the anti-virus system. In conclusion, due to its essential biological functions, SAF-A may be a valuable clinical prediction factor or therapeutic target. Since the role of SAF-A in tumors and viral infections may be controversial, more animal experiments and clinical assays are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiquan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mengni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Cao
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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2
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Neves S, Pacheco S, Vaz F, James P, Simões T, Penque D. Occupational second-hand smoke exposure: A comparative shotgun proteomics study on nasal epithelia from healthy restaurant workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104459. [PMID: 38685369 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) present risk of developing tobacco smoke-associated pathologies. To investigate the airway molecular response to SHS exposure that could be used in health risk assessment, comparative shotgun proteomics was performed on nasal epithelium from a group of healthy restaurant workers, non-smokers (never and former) exposed and not exposed to SHS in the workplace. HIF1α-glycolytic targets (GAPDH, TPI) and proteins related to xenobiotic metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation leading to cancer (ADH1C, TUBB4B, EEF2) showed significant modulation in non-smokers exposed. In never smokers exposed, enrichment of glutathione metabolism pathway and EEF2-regulating protein synthesis in genotoxic response were increased, while in former smokers exposed, proteins (LYZ, ATP1A1, SERPINB3) associated with tissue damage/regeneration, apoptosis inhibition and inflammation that may lead to asthma, COPD or cancer, were upregulated. The identified proteins are potential response and susceptibility/risk biomarkers for SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Neves
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Solange Pacheco
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Vaz
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter James
- Protein Technology Laboratory, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Tânia Simões
- CECAD Cologne-Excellence in Aging Research University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Deborah Penque
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P, Lisbon, Portugal; Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Mastropasqua F, Oksanen M, Soldini C, Alatar S, Arora A, Ballarino R, Molinari M, Agostini F, Poulet A, Watts M, Rabkina I, Becker M, Li D, Anderlid BM, Isaksson J, Lundin Remnelius K, Moslem M, Jacob Y, Falk A, Crosetto N, Bienko M, Santini E, Borgkvist A, Bölte S, Tammimies K. Deficiency of the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U locus leads to delayed hindbrain neurogenesis. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060113. [PMID: 37815090 PMCID: PMC10581386 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants affecting Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) have been identified in several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). HNRNPU is widely expressed in the human brain and shows the highest postnatal expression in the cerebellum. Recent studies have investigated the role of HNRNPU in cerebral cortical development, but the effects of HNRNPU deficiency on cerebellar development remain unknown. Here, we describe the molecular and cellular outcomes of HNRNPU locus deficiency during in vitro neural differentiation of patient-derived and isogenic neuroepithelial stem cells with a hindbrain profile. We demonstrate that HNRNPU deficiency leads to chromatin remodeling of A/B compartments, and transcriptional rewiring, partly by impacting exon inclusion during mRNA processing. Genomic regions affected by the chromatin restructuring and host genes of exon usage differences show a strong enrichment for genes implicated in epilepsies, intellectual disability, and autism. Lastly, we show that at the cellular level HNRNPU downregulation leads to an increased fraction of neural progenitors in the maturing neuronal population. We conclude that the HNRNPU locus is involved in delayed commitment of neural progenitors to differentiate in cell types with hindbrain profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mastropasqua
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Oksanen
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Soldini
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shemim Alatar
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abishek Arora
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Ballarino
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maya Molinari
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Solna, Sweden
| | - Federico Agostini
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel Poulet
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michelle Watts
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ielyzaveta Rabkina
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Becker
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danyang Li
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, 75309 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Lundin Remnelius
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Moslem
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Solna, Sweden
| | - Yannick Jacob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Solna, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola Crosetto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Magda Bienko
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Santini
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anders Borgkvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, 6845 Perth, Western Australia
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, 10431 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Sapir T, Reiner O. HNRNPU's multi-tasking is essential for proper cortical development. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300039. [PMID: 37439444 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) is a nuclear protein that plays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as RNA splicing and chromatin organization. HNRNPU/scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) activities are essential for regulating gene expression, DNA replication, genome integrity, and mitotic fidelity. These functions are critical to ensure the robustness of developmental processes, particularly those involved in shaping the human brain. As a result, HNRNPU is associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders (HNRNPU-related neurodevelopmental disorder, HNRNPU-NDD) characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability. Our research demonstrates that the loss of HNRNPU function results in the death of both neural progenitor cells and post-mitotic neurons, with a higher sensitivity observed in the former. We reported that HNRNPU truncation leads to the dysregulation of gene expression and alternative splicing of genes that converge on several signaling pathways, some of which are likely to be involved in the pathology of HNRNPU-related NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Sapir
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Rehovot, Central, Israel
| | - Orly Reiner
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Rehovot, Central, Israel
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5
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Didaskalou S, Efstathiou C, Galtsidis S, Kesisova I, Halavatyi A, Elmali T, Tsolou A, Girod A, Koffa M. HURP localization in metaphase is the result of a multi-step process requiring its phosphorylation at Ser627 residue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:981425. [PMID: 37484914 PMCID: PMC10361663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.981425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during cell division requires accurate mitotic spindle formation. As mitosis occurs rapidly within the cell cycle, the proteins involved in mitotic spindle assembly undergo rapid changes, including their interactions with other proteins. The proper localization of the HURP protein on the kinetochore fibers, in close proximity to chromosomes, is crucial for ensuring accurate congression and segregation of chromosomes. In this study, we employ photoactivation and FRAP experiments to investigate the impact of alterations in microtubule flux and phosphorylation of HURP at the Ser627 residue on its dynamics. Furthermore, through immunoprecipitations assays, we demonstrate the interactions of HURP with various proteins, such as TPX2, Aurora A, Eg5, Dynein, Kif5B, and Importin β, in mammalian cells during mitosis. We also find that phosphorylation of HURP at Ser627 regulates its interaction with these partners during mitosis. Our findings suggest that HURP participates in at least two distinct complexes during metaphase to ensure its proper localization in close proximity to chromosomes, thereby promoting the bundling and stabilization of kinetochore fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Didaskalou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sotirios Galtsidis
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ilοna Kesisova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aliaksandr Halavatyi
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tountzai Elmali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Andreas Girod
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Koffa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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6
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Luo J, Cao J, Chen C, Xie H. Emerging role of RNA acetylation modification ac4C in diseases: Current advances and future challenges. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115628. [PMID: 37247745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The oldest known highly conserved modification of RNA, N4-acetylcytidine, is widely distributed from archaea to eukaryotes and acts as a posttranscriptional chemical modification of RNA, contributing to the correct reading of specific nucleotide sequences during translation, stabilising mRNA and improving transcription efficiency. Yeast Kre33 and human NAT10, the only known authors of ac4C, modify tRNA with the help of the Tan1/THUMPD1 adapter to stabilise its structure. Currently, the mRNA for N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), catalysed by NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10), has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, particularly cancer. This article reviews advances in the study of ac4C modification of RNA and the ac4C-related gene NAT10 in normal physiological cell development, cancer, premature disease and viral infection and discusses its therapeutic promise and future research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jingsong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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7
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Sundaram P, Rao K, Yajima M. Vasa, a regulator of localized mRNA translation on the spindle. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300004. [PMID: 36825672 PMCID: PMC10023503 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Localized mRNA translation is a biological process that allows mRNA to be translated on-site, which is proposed to provide fine control in protein regulation, both spatially and temporally within a cell. We recently reported that Vasa, an RNA-helicase, is a promising factor that appears to regulate this process on the spindle during the embryonic development of the sea urchin, yet the detailed roles and functional mechanisms of Vasa in this process are still largely unknown. In this review article, to elucidate these remaining questions, we first summarize the prior knowledge and our recent findings in the area of Vasa research and further discuss how Vasa may function in localized mRNA translation, contributing to efficient protein regulation during rapid embryogenesis and cancer cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sundaram
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kavya Rao
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, BOX-GL277, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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8
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Zhao JC, Saleh A, Crooke ST. SIDT2 Inhibits Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotide Activity by Regulating Cellular Localization of Lysosomes. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 33:108-116. [PMID: 36576400 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorothioate (PS)-modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs enter cells through endocytic pathways where a majority are entrapped within membrane-bound endosomes and lysosomes, representing a limiting step for antisense activity. While late endosomes have been identified as a major site for productive PS-ASO release, how lysosomes regulate PS-ASO activity beyond macromolecule degradation remains not fully understood. In this study, we reported that SID1 transmembrane family, member 2 (SIDT2), a lysosome transmembrane protein, can robustly regulate PS-ASO activity. We showed that SIDT2 is required for the proper colocalization between PS-ASO and lysosomes, suggesting an important role of SIDT2 in the entrapment of PS-ASOs in lysosomes. Mechanistically, we revealed that SIDT2 regulates lysosome cellular location. Lysosome location is largely determined by its movement along microtubules. Interestingly, we also observed an enrichment of proteins involved in microtubule function among SIDT2-binding proteins, suggesting that SIDT2 regulates lysosome location via its interaction with microtubule-related proteins. Overall, our data suggest that lysosome protein SIDT2 inhibits PS-ASO activity potentially through its interaction with microtubule-related proteins to place lysosomes at perinuclear regions, thus, facilitating PS-ASO's localization to lysosomes for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Crystal Zhao
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Aurian Saleh
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
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9
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Sapir T, Kshirsagar A, Gorelik A, Olender T, Porat Z, Scheffer IE, Goldstein DB, Devinsky O, Reiner O. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) safeguards the developing mouse cortex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4209. [PMID: 35864088 PMCID: PMC9304408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HNRNPU encodes the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U, which participates in RNA splicing and chromatin organization. Microdeletions in the 1q44 locus encompassing HNRNPU and other genes and point mutations in HNRNPU cause brain disorders, including early-onset seizures and severe intellectual disability. We aimed to understand HNRNPU’s roles in the developing brain. Our work revealed that HNRNPU loss of function leads to rapid cell death of both postmitotic neurons and neural progenitors, with an apparent higher sensitivity of the latter. Further, expression and alternative splicing of multiple genes involved in cell survival, cell motility, and synapse formation are affected following Hnrnpu’s conditional truncation. Finally, we identified pharmaceutical and genetic agents that can partially reverse the loss of cortical structures in Hnrnpu mutated embryonic brains, ameliorate radial neuronal migration defects and rescue cultured neural progenitors’ cell death. HNRNPU is an RNA splicing protein associated with brain disorders such as early onset seizures. Here they show that HNRNPU functions to maintain neural progenitors and their progeny by regulating splicing of key neuronal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Sapir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aditya Kshirsagar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Gorelik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Florey and Murdoch Children's Research Institutes, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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10
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Puvvula PK, Moon AM. Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptides Derived From Scaffold-Attachment- Factor A Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621825. [PMID: 33859938 PMCID: PMC8042391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-attachment-factor A (SAFA) has important roles in many normal and pathologic cellular processes but the scope of its function in cancer cells is unknown. Here, we report dominant-negative activity of novel peptides derived from the SAP and RGG-domains of SAFA and their effects on proliferation, survival and the epigenetic landscape in a range of cancer cell types. The RGG-derived peptide dysregulates SAFA binding and regulation of alternatively spliced targets and decreases levels of key spliceosome proteins in a cell-type specific manner. In contrast, the SAP-derived peptide reduces active histone marks, promotes chromatin compaction, and activates the DNA damage response and cell death in a subset of cancer cell types. Our findings reveal an unprecedented function of SAFA-derived peptides in regulating diverse SAFA molecular functions as a tumor suppressive mechanism and demonstrate the potential therapeutic utility of SAFA-peptides in a wide range of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Puvvula
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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11
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Yoshimura A, Asahina Y, Chang LY, Angata T, Tanaka H, Kitajima K, Sato C. Identification and functional characterization of a Siglec-7 counter-receptor on K562 cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100477. [PMID: 33640457 PMCID: PMC8040268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7 (Siglec-7) is an inhibitory receptor primarily expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes. Siglec-7 is known to negatively regulate the innate immune system through Sia binding to distinguish self and nonself; however, a counter-receptor bearing its natural ligand remains largely unclear. Here, we identified a counter-receptor of Siglec-7 using K562 hematopoietic carcinoma cells presenting cell surface ligands for Siglec-7. We affinity-purified the ligands using Fc-ligated recombinant Siglec-7 and diSia-dextran polymer, a strong inhibitor for Siglec-7. We then confirmed the counter-receptor for Siglec-7 as leukosialin (CD43) through mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and proximity labeling. Additionally, we demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of NK cells toward K562 cells was suppressed by overexpression of leukosialin in a Siglec-7-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that leukosialin on K562 is a counter-receptor for Siglec-7 on NK cells and that a cluster of the Sia-containing glycan epitope on leukosialin is key as trans-ligand for unmasking the cis-ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yoshimura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Asahina
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center (iGMed), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center (iGMed), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan.
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12
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Wang Y, Fan LH, Yue W, Ouyang YC, Wang ZB, Hou Y, Schatten H, Sun QY. CENP-W regulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment and meiotic progression of mouse oocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:8-14. [PMID: 32446395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte meiotic maturation failure and unfaithful chromosome segregation are major causes for female infertility. Here, we showed that CENP-W, a relatively novel member of the kinetochore protein family, was expressed in mouse oocytes from the germinal vesicle (GV) to metaphase II (MII) stages. Confocal microscopy revealed that CENP-W was localized in the germinal vesicle in the GV stage, and then became concentrated on kinetochores during oocyte maturation. Knockdown of CENP-W by specific siRNA injection in vitro caused kinetochore-microtubule detachment, resulting in severely defective spindles and misaligned chromosomes, leading to metaphase I arrest and failure of first polar body (PB1) extrusion. Correspondingly, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation was observed in CENP-W knockdown oocytes even after 10h of culture. Our results suggest that CENP-W acts as a kinetochore protein, which takes part in kinetochore-microtubule attachment, thus mediating the progression of oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Hua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Zhang L, Song D, Zhu B, Wang X. The role of nuclear matrix protein HNRNPU in maintaining the architecture of 3D genome. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 90:161-167. [PMID: 29981443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of higher eukaryote genomes is far from being explained by linear information. There is a need to understand roles of genome regulation at the organism level through defining a comprehensive profile of chromosomal organization. Chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based studies reveal that higher-order of chromatin include not only long-range chromatin loops, but also compartments and topologically associating domains as the basis of genome structure and functions. However, the molecular machinery how the genome is spatially organized is still inadequate. Exciting progress has been made with the development of today's technology, we find that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U, initially identified as a structural nuclear protein, plays important role in three-dimensional (3D) genome organization by high-throughput assays. The disruption of this protein not only results in compartment switching on of the genome, it also reduces of TAD boundary strengths at borders between two types of compartments, and regulates chromatin loop by decrease its intensities. In addition, HNRNPU mainly binds to active chromatin. Most of HNRNPU peaks is consistent with CTCF or RAD21.It also plays an irreplaceable role in the processes of mitosis. This review aims to discuss the role of HNRNPU in maintaining the 3D chromatin architecture, as well as the recent development and human diseases involved in this nuclear matrix (NM)-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongli Song
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Di Francesco L, Verrico A, Asteriti IA, Rovella P, Cirigliano P, Guarguaglini G, Schininà ME, Lavia P. Visualization of human karyopherin beta-1/importin beta-1 interactions with protein partners in mitotic cells by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1850. [PMID: 29382863 PMCID: PMC5789818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin beta-1/Importin beta-1 is a conserved nuclear transport receptor, acting in protein nuclear import in interphase and as a global regulator of mitosis. These pleiotropic functions reflect its ability to interact with, and regulate, different pathways during the cell cycle, operating as a major effector of the GTPase RAN. Importin beta-1 is overexpressed in cancers characterized by high genetic instability, an observation that highlights the importance of identifying its partners in mitosis. Here we present the first comprehensive profile of importin beta-1 interactors from human mitotic cells. By combining co-immunoprecipitation and proteome-wide mass spectrometry analysis of synchronized cell extracts, we identified expected (e.g., RAN and SUMO pathway factors) and novel mitotic interactors of importin beta-1, many with RNA-binding ability, that had not been previously associated with importin beta-1. These data complement interactomic studies of interphase transport pathways. We further developed automated proximity ligation assay (PLA) protocols to validate selected interactors. We succeeded in obtaining spatial and temporal resolution of genuine importin beta-1 interactions, which were visualized and localized in situ in intact mitotic cells. Further developments of PLA protocols will be helpful to dissect importin beta-1-orchestrated pathways during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rovella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Immunodetection of nuclear antigens is often complicated by epitope masking, so that proteins known to function in the nucleus are sometimes not easily detected at their sites of action. Moreover, protein populations that are detected before unmasking can be very different to those seen after removal of nucleic acids. This is particularly true for components of the nuclear matrix, including those known to function at the inactive X chromosome. Here we describe an unmasking protocol that reveals previously undetected proteins at the inactive X chromosome in mouse fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, UK.
| | - Dawn Coverley
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, UK.
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16
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Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010013. [PMID: 28218637 PMCID: PMC5372006 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome congression during prometaphase culminates with the establishment of a metaphase plate, a hallmark of mitosis in metazoans. Classical views resulting from more than 100 years of research on this topic have attempted to explain chromosome congression based on the balance between opposing pulling and/or pushing forces that reach an equilibrium near the spindle equator. However, in mammalian cells, chromosome bi-orientation and force balance at kinetochores are not required for chromosome congression, whereas the mechanisms of chromosome congression are not necessarily involved in the maintenance of chromosome alignment after congression. Thus, chromosome congression and maintenance of alignment are determined by different principles. Moreover, it is now clear that not all chromosomes use the same mechanism for congressing to the spindle equator. Those chromosomes that are favorably positioned between both poles when the nuclear envelope breaks down use the so-called "direct congression" pathway in which chromosomes align after bi-orientation and the establishment of end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments. This favors the balanced action of kinetochore pulling forces and polar ejection forces along chromosome arms that drive chromosome oscillatory movements during and after congression. The other pathway, which we call "peripheral congression", is independent of end-on kinetochore microtubule-attachments and relies on the dominant and coordinated action of the kinetochore motors Dynein and Centromere Protein E (CENP-E) that mediate the lateral transport of peripheral chromosomes along microtubules, first towards the poles and subsequently towards the equator. How the opposite polarities of kinetochore motors are regulated in space and time to drive congression of peripheral chromosomes only now starts to be understood. This appears to be regulated by position-dependent phosphorylation of both Dynein and CENP-E and by spindle microtubule diversity by means of tubulin post-translational modifications. This so-called "tubulin code" might work as a navigation system that selectively guides kinetochore motors with opposite polarities along specific spindle microtubule populations, ultimately leading to the congression of peripheral chromosomes. We propose an integrated model of chromosome congression in mammalian cells that depends essentially on the following parameters: (1) chromosome position relative to the spindle poles after nuclear envelope breakdown; (2) establishment of stable end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachments and bi-orientation; (3) coordination between kinetochore- and arm-associated motors; and (4) spatial signatures associated with post-translational modifications of specific spindle microtubule populations. The physiological consequences of abnormal chromosome congression, as well as the therapeutic potential of inhibiting chromosome congression are also discussed.
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17
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Huang X, Liu J, Shen T, Meng X, Dou L, Lin Y, Li J. Protein phosphatase 4 plays dual roles during cell proliferation. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:219-35. [PMID: 27041735 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) has been reported to be indispensable for cell proliferation and survival. Deletion of PP4 has been shown to induce abnormal and even lethal events in growth and development both in lower eukaryotes and in mammals. However, until now, effects of PP4 up-regulation have remained unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS To test effects of PP4 on cell proliferation, cell cycle and morphology in HepG2 cells, it was down-regulated using PP4 siRNA or its activity was inhibited using PP4RL (a PP4 phosphatase-dead mutant) adenoviruses. Alternatively, PP4 was up-regulated using PP4 adenoviruses. Next, we used a functional proteomic approach to identify proteins that may interact with PP4. Furthermore, we performed rescue experiments to verify the possible mechanisms. RESULTS To our surprise, we found that both up-regulation and inhibition of PP4 inhibited cell proliferation. Unlike PP4 inhibition, PP4 up-regulation induced prominent arrest at the prometaphase/metaphase transition by causing defects in chromosome alignment and spindle assembly. Moreover, we identified scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) (an important protein required for kinetochore-microtubule attachment that participates in the prometaphase/metaphase transition), to be a novel protein that interacts with PP4, using a proteomic approach. Thus, mutual regulatory mechanisms exist between PP4 and SAF-A. Interactions between PP4 and SAF-A played a role in prometaphase/metaphase transition. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism involving PP4 in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yajun Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
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18
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Centromere Protein (CENP)-W Interacts with Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) U and May Contribute to Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachment in Mitotic Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149127. [PMID: 26881882 PMCID: PMC4755543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U), a component of the hnRNP complex, contributes to stabilize the kinetochore-microtubule interaction during mitosis. CENP-W was identified as an inner centromere component that plays crucial roles in the formation of a functional kinetochore complex. Results We report that hnRNP U interacts with CENP-W, and the interaction between hnRNP U and CENP-W mutually increased each other’s protein stability by inhibiting the proteasome-mediated degradation. Further, their co-localization was observed chiefly in the nuclear matrix region and at the microtubule-kinetochore interface during interphase and mitosis, respectively. Both microtubule-stabilizing and microtubule-destabilizing agents significantly decreased the protein stability of CENP-W. Furthermore, loss of microtubules and defects in microtubule organization were observed in CENP-W-depleted cells. Conclusion Our data imply that CENP-W plays an important role in the attachment and interaction between microtubules and kinetochore during mitosis.
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19
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Douglas P, Ye R, Morrice N, Britton S, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Lees-Miller SP. Phosphorylation of SAF-A/hnRNP-U Serine 59 by Polo-Like Kinase 1 Is Required for Mitosis. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2699-713. [PMID: 25986610 PMCID: PMC4524121 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01312-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A), also called heterogenous nuclear ribonuclear protein U (hnRNP-U), is phosphorylated on serine 59 by the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) in response to DNA damage. Since SAF-A, DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and protein phosphatase 6 (PP6), which interacts with DNA-PKcs, have all been shown to have roles in mitosis, we asked whether DNA-PKcs phosphorylates SAF-A in mitosis. We show that SAF-A is phosphorylated on serine 59 in mitosis, that phosphorylation requires polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) rather than DNA-PKcs, that SAF-A interacts with PLK1 in nocodazole-treated cells, and that serine 59 is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in mitosis. Moreover, cells expressing SAF-A in which serine 59 is mutated to alanine have multiple characteristics of aberrant mitoses, including misaligned chromosomes, lagging chromosomes, polylobed nuclei, and delayed passage through mitosis. Our findings identify serine 59 of SAF-A as a new target of both PLK1 and PP2A in mitosis and reveal that both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of SAF-A serine 59 by PLK1 and PP2A, respectively, are required for accurate and timely exit from mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Douglas
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruiqiong Ye
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas Morrice
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Britton
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse-Université Paul Sabatier, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan P Lees-Miller
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Naro C, Bielli P, Pagliarini V, Sette C. The interplay between DNA damage response and RNA processing: the unexpected role of splicing factors as gatekeepers of genome stability. Front Genet 2015; 6:142. [PMID: 25926848 PMCID: PMC4397863 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is constantly threatened by endogenous and exogenous factors. However, its preservation is ensured by a network of pathways that prevent and/or repair the lesion, which constitute the DNA damage response (DDR). Expression of the key proteins involved in the DDR is controlled by numerous post-transcriptional mechanisms, among which pre-mRNA splicing stands out. Intriguingly, several splicing factors (SFs) have been recently shown to play direct functions in DNA damage prevention and repair, which go beyond their expected splicing activity. At the same time, evidence is emerging that DNA repair proteins (DRPs) can actively sustain the DDR by acting as post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression, in addition to their well-known role in the mechanisms of signaling and repair of the lesion. Herein, we will review these non-canonical functions of both SFs and DRPs, which suggest the existence of a tight interplay between splicing regulation and canonical DNA safeguard mechanisms ensuring genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Naro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Bielli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Pagliarini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy ; Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome, Italy
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21
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Yokoyama H, Nakos K, Santarella-Mellwig R, Rybina S, Krijgsveld J, Koffa MD, Mattaj IW. CHD4 is a RanGTP-dependent MAP that stabilizes microtubules and regulates bipolar spindle formation. Curr Biol 2013; 23:2443-51. [PMID: 24268414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of the GTP-bound form of the Ran GTPase (RanGTP) around chromosomes induces spindle assembly by activating nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing proteins. Several NLS proteins have been identified as spindle assembly factors, but the complexity of the process led us to search for additional proteins with distinct roles in spindle assembly. RESULTS We identify a chromatin-remodeling ATPase, CHD4, as a RanGTP-dependent microtubule (MT)-associated protein (MAP). MT binding occurs via the region containing an NLS and chromatin-binding domains. In Xenopus egg extracts and cultured cells, CHD4 largely dissociates from mitotic chromosomes and partially localizes to the spindle. Immunodepletion of CHD4 from egg extracts significantly reduces the quantity of MTs produced around chromatin and prevents spindle assembly. CHD4 RNAi in both HeLa and Drosophila S2 cells induces defects in spindle assembly and chromosome alignment in early mitosis, leading to chromosome missegregation. Further analysis in egg extracts and in HeLa cells reveals that CHD4 is a RanGTP-dependent MT stabilizer. Moreover, the CHD4-containing NuRD complex promotes organization of MTs into bipolar spindles in egg extracts. Importantly, this function of CHD4 is independent of chromatin remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover a new role for CHD4 as a MAP required for MT stabilization and involved in generating spindle bipolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yokoyama
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
| | - Konstantinos Nakos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Rybina
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Maria D Koffa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece.
| | - Iain W Mattaj
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
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22
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Speevak MD, Zeesman S, Leonard N, Nowaczyk MJ. Further evidence that a 100 Kb critical region is responsible for developmental delay, seizures, and dysmorphic features in 1q43q44 deletion patients. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:913-5. [PMID: 23495039 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M D Speevak
- Genetics Department, Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Nikonova AS, Astsaturov I, Serebriiskii IG, Dunbrack RL, Golemis EA. Aurora A kinase (AURKA) in normal and pathological cell division. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:661-87. [PMID: 22864622 PMCID: PMC3607959 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Temporally and spatially controlled activation of the Aurora A kinase (AURKA) regulates centrosome maturation, entry into mitosis, formation and function of the bipolar spindle, and cytokinesis. Genetic amplification and mRNA and protein overexpression of Aurora A are common in many types of solid tumor, and associated with aneuploidy, supernumerary centrosomes, defective mitotic spindles, and resistance to apoptosis. These properties have led Aurora A to be considered a high-value target for development of cancer therapeutics, with multiple agents currently in early-phase clinical trials. More recently, identification of additional, non-mitotic functions and means of activation of Aurora A during interphase neurite elongation and ciliary resorption have significantly expanded our understanding of its function, and may offer insights into the clinical performance of Aurora A inhibitors. Here we review the mitotic and non-mitotic functions of Aurora A, discuss Aurora A regulation in the context of protein structural information, and evaluate progress in understanding and inhibiting Aurora A in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Nikonova
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Ilya G. Serebriiskii
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Developmental Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, W406, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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Ma N, Titus J, Gable A, Ross JL, Wadsworth P. TPX2 regulates the localization and activity of Eg5 in the mammalian mitotic spindle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 195:87-98. [PMID: 21969468 PMCID: PMC3187703 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
TPX2 promotes mitotic spindle formation by enhancing Eg5 accumulation on microtubules and limiting motor activity. Mitotic spindle assembly requires the regulated activity of numerous spindle-associated proteins. In mammalian cells, the Kinesin-5 motor Eg5 interacts with the spindle assembly factor TPX2, but how this interaction contributes to spindle formation and function is not established. Using bacterial artificial chromosome technology, we generated cells expressing TPX2 lacking the Eg5 interaction domain. Spindles in these cells were highly disorganized with multiple spindle poles. The TPX2–Eg5 interaction was required for kinetochore fiber formation and contributed to Eg5 localization to spindle microtubules but not spindle poles. Microinjection of the Eg5-binding domain of TPX2 resulted in spindle elongation, indicating that the interaction of Eg5 with TPX2 reduces motor activity. Consistent with this possibility, we found that TPX2 reduced the velocity of Eg5-dependent microtubule gliding, inhibited microtubule sliding, and resulted in the accumulation of motor on microtubules. These results establish a novel function of TPX2 in regulating the location and activity of the mitotic motor Eg5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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