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Takeuchi M, Takeuchi K, Takai T, Yamaguchi R, Furukawa T, Akagi KI, Takeuchi JK. Subcellular localization of glypican-5 is associated with dynamic motility of the human mesenchymal stem cell line U3DT. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0226538. [PMID: 33606708 PMCID: PMC7895401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glypican-5 (GPC5) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) localized to the plasma membrane. We previously reported that in the human mesenchymal stem cell line UE6E7T-3, GPC5 is overexpressed in association with transformation and promotes cell proliferation by acting as a co-receptor for Sonic hedgehog signaling. In this study, we found using immunofluorescence microscopy that in transformed cells (U3DT), GPC5 localized not only at primary cilia on the cell surface, but also at the leading edge of migrating cells, at the intercellular bridge and blebs during cytokinesis, and in extracellular vesicles. In each subcellular region, GPC5 colocalized with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and the small GTPases Rab11 and ARF6, indicating that GPC5 is delivered to these regions by Rab11-associated recycling endosomes. These colocalizations suggest that GPC5 plays an important role in FGF2 stimulation of cell migration, which was abrogated by knockdown of GPC5. Our findings indicate that GPC5 plays a role in regulation of U3DT cell migration and provides several insights into the functions of GPC5 that could be elucidated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Takeuchi
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kikuko Takeuchi
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Takai
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Yamaguchi
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Division of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Akagi
- Section of Laboratory Equipment, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun K. Takeuchi
- Division of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Schneeberger PE, von Elsner L, Barker EL, Meinecke P, Marquardt I, Alawi M, Steindl K, Joset P, Rauch A, Zwijnenburg PJ, Weiss MM, Merry CL, Kutsche K. Bi-allelic Pathogenic Variants in HS2ST1 Cause a Syndrome Characterized by Developmental Delay and Corpus Callosum, Skeletal, and Renal Abnormalities. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:1044-1061. [PMID: 33159882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate belongs to the group of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), highly sulfated linear polysaccharides. Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS2ST1) is one of several specialized enzymes required for heparan sulfate synthesis and catalyzes the transfer of the sulfate groups to the sugar moiety of heparan sulfate. We report bi-allelic pathogenic variants in HS2ST1 in four individuals from three unrelated families. Affected individuals showed facial dysmorphism with coarse face, upslanted palpebral fissures, broad nasal tip, and wide mouth, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, corpus callosum agenesis or hypoplasia, flexion contractures, brachydactyly of hands and feet with broad fingertips and toes, and uni- or bilateral renal agenesis in three individuals. HS2ST1 variants cause a reduction in HS2ST1 mRNA and decreased or absent heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase 1 in two of three fibroblast cell lines derived from affected individuals. The heparan sulfate synthesized by the individual 1 cell line lacks 2-O-sulfated domains but had an increase in N- and 6-O-sulfated domains demonstrating functional impairment of the HS2ST1. As heparan sulfate modulates FGF-mediated signaling, we found a significantly decreased activation of the MAP kinases ERK1/2 in FGF-2-stimulated cell lines of affected individuals that could be restored by addition of heparin, a GAG similar to heparan sulfate. Focal adhesions in FGF-2-stimulated fibroblasts of affected individuals concentrated at the cell periphery. Our data demonstrate that a heparan sulfate synthesis deficit causes a recognizable syndrome and emphasize a role for 2-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in human neuronal, skeletal, and renal development.
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Wang L, Guo X, Yi J, Qu C, Lei J, Guo Q, Han J. The effects of long-term low selenium diet on the expression of CHST-3, CHST-12 and UST in knee cartilage of growing rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:123-129. [PMID: 30262269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of low selenium diet on rat´s knee cartilage and expression of chondroitin sulfate (CS) sulfated enzymes in articular and epiphyseal-plate cartilage of rats' femur and tibia. METHODS Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into two groups with six female and six male in each group: control group (selenium 0.18 mg/kg), and low selenium group (selenium 0.02 mg/kg). After 109 days, the rats were sacrificed. The ultrastructural changes in chondrocytes of rat knee cartilage were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology and pathology changes of knee cartilage were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. The localization and expression of enzymes involved in CS sulfation, including chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase 1 (CHST-3), chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase 2 (CHST-12) and uronyl 2-O-sulfotransferase (UST) were examined by immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative analysis. RESULTS In low selenium group, ultrastructural changes of chondrocytes were observed in articular cartilage of femur (AF), articular cartilage of tibia (AT), epiphyseal-plate cartilage of femur (EF) and epiphyseal-plate cartilage of tibia (ET); however, no significant changes in chondrocytes number were observed in the above AF, AT, EF or ET. Moreover, reduced thickness of cartilage layer in AF, EF and ET was detected along with reduced staining areas of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in EF and ET in low selenium group. In addition, positive staining rate of CHST-3 was lower in AF, AT and EF, while positive staining rates of CHST-12 and UST were lower in AF, AT, EF and ET in low selenium group when compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS Low selenium undermines the ultrastructure of chondrocytes, inhibits the normal development of cartilage and the expression of CS sulfated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Wang
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiong Guo
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Yi
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden.
| | - Jian Lei
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Qingquan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jing Han
- College of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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Nikolovska K, Spillmann D, Haier J, Ladányi A, Stock C, Seidler DG. Melanoma Cell Adhesion and Migration Is Modulated by the Uronyl 2-O Sulfotransferase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170054. [PMID: 28107390 PMCID: PMC5249195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of melanomas are characterized by a high metastatic potential, if detected early, melanoma can have a good prognostic outcome. However, once metastasised, the prognosis is bleak. We showed previously that uronyl-2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) and 2-O sulfation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) are involved in cell migration. To demonstrate an impact of 2-O sulfation in metastasis we knocked-down Ust in mouse melanoma cells. This significantly reduced the amount of Ust protein and enzyme activity. Furthermore, in vitro cell motility and adhesion were significantly reduced correlating with the decrease of cellular Ust protein. Single cell migration of B16VshUst(16) cells showed a decreased cell movement phenotype. The adhesion of B16V cells to fibronectin depended on α5β1 but not αvβ3 integrin. Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan sulfation or blocking fibroblast growth factor receptor (FgfR) reduced α5 integrin in B16V cell lines. Interestingly, FgfR1 expression and activation was reduced in Ust knock-down cells. In vivo, pulmonary metastasis of B16VshUst cells was prevented due to a reduction of α5 integrin. As a proof of concept UST knock-down in human melanoma cells also showed a reduction in ITGa5 and adhesion. This is the first study showing that Ust, and consequently 2-O sulfation of the low affinity receptor for FgfR CS/DS, reduces Itga5 and leads to an impaired adhesion and migration of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikolovska
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothe Spillmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörg Haier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Münster, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Stock
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela G. Seidler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chondroitin sulfates and their binding molecules in the central nervous system. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:363-376. [PMID: 28101734 PMCID: PMC5487772 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the central nervous system (CNS) matrix. Its sulfation and epimerization patterns give rise to different forms of CS, which enables it to interact specifically and with a significant affinity with various signalling molecules in the matrix including growth factors, receptors and guidance molecules. These interactions control numerous biological and pathological processes, during development and in adulthood. In this review, we describe the specific interactions of different families of proteins involved in various physiological and cognitive mechanisms with CSs in CNS matrix. A better understanding of these interactions could promote a development of inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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