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Ranieri M, Angelini I, D'Agostino M, Di Mise A, Centrone M, Venneri M, Ferrulli A, Mastrodonato M, Tamma G, Endo I, Fukumoto S, Matsumoto T, Valenti G. In vivo treatment with calcilytic of CaSR knock-in mice ameliorates renal phenotype reversing downregulation of the vasopressin-AQP2 pathway. J Physiol 2024; 602:3207-3224. [PMID: 38367250 DOI: 10.1113/jp284233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of urinary calcium counteract vasopressin action via the activation of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) expressed in the luminal membrane of the collecting duct cells, which impairs the trafficking of aquaporin-2 (AQP2). In line with these findings, we provide evidence that, with respect to wild-type mice, CaSR knock-in (KI) mice mimicking autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia, display a significant decrease in the total content of AQP2 associated with significantly higher levels of AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser261, a phosphorylation site involved in AQP2 degradation. Interestingly, KI mice also had significantly higher levels of phosphorylated p38MAPK, a downstream effector of CaSR and known to phosphorylate AQP2 at Ser261. Moreover, ATF1 phosphorylated at Ser63, a transcription factor downstream of p38MAPK, was significantly higher in KI. In addition, KI mice had significantly higher levels of AQP2-targeting miRNA137 consistent with a post-transcriptional downregulation of AQP2. In vivo treatment of KI mice with the calcilytic JTT-305, a CaSR antagonist, increased AQP2 expression and reduced AQP2-targeting miRNA137 levels in KI mice. Together, these results provide direct evidence for a critical role of CaSR in impairing both short-term vasopressin response by increasing AQP2-pS261, as well as AQP2 abundance, via the p38MAPK-ATF1-miR137 pathway. KEY POINTS: Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) activating mutations are the main cause of autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia (ADH) characterized by inappropriate renal calcium excretion leading to hypocalcaemia and hypercalciuria. Current treatments of ADH patients with parathyroid hormone, although improving hypocalcaemia, do not improve hypercalciuria or nephrocalcinosis. In vivo treatment with calcilytic JTT-305/MK-5442 ameliorates most of the ADH phenotypes of the CaSR knock-in mice including hypercalciuria or nephrocalcinosis and reverses the downregulation of the vasopressin-sensitive aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression, providing direct evidence for a critical role of CaSR in impairing vasopressin response. The beneficial effect of calcilytic in reducing the risk of renal calcification may occur in a parathyroid hormone-independent action through vasopressin-dependent inhibition of cAMP synthesis in the thick ascending limb and in the collecting duct. The amelioration of most of the abnormalities in calcium metabolism including hypercalciuria, renal calcification, and AQP2-mediated osmotic water reabsorption makes calcilytic a good candidate as a novel therapeutic agent for ADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Ines Angelini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
| | | | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB IRCCS, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Ferrulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Mastrodonato
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Itsuro Endo
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Fukumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, Italy
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AQP2 trafficking in health and diseases: an updated overview. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 149:106261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schepelmann M, Ranieri M, Lopez-Fernandez I, Webberley TS, Brennan SC, Yarova PL, Graca J, Hanif UK, Müller C, Manhardt T, Salzmann M, Quasnichka H, Price SA, Ward DT, Gilbert T, Matchkov VV, Fenton RA, Herberger A, Hwong J, Santa Maria C, Tu CL, Kallay E, Valenti G, Chang W, Riccardi D. Impaired Mineral Ion Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Targeted Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Deletion from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1323-1340. [PMID: 35581010 PMCID: PMC9257819 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired mineral ion metabolism is a hallmark of CKD-metabolic bone disorder. It can lead to pathologic vascular calcification and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Loss of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells exacerbates vascular calcification in vitro. Conversely, vascular calcification can be reduced by calcimimetics, which function as allosteric activators of CaSR. METHODS To determine the role of the CaSR in vascular calcification, we characterized mice with targeted Casr gene knockout in vascular smooth muscle cells ( SM22α CaSR Δflox/Δflox ). RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from the knockout (KO) mice calcified more readily than those from control (wild-type) mice in vitro. However, mice did not show ectopic calcifications in vivo but they did display a profound mineral ion imbalance. Specifically, KO mice exhibited hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, and osteopenia, with elevated circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), calcitriol (1,25-D3), and parathyroid hormone levels. Renal tubular α-Klotho protein expression was increased in KO mice but vascular α-Klotho protein expression was not. Altered CaSR expression in the kidney or the parathyroid glands could not account for the observed phenotype of the KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in addition to CaSR's established role in the parathyroid-kidney-bone axis, expression of CaSR in vascular smooth muscle cells directly contributes to total body mineral ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schepelmann
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom .,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Sarah C Brennan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Polina L Yarova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joao Graca
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Salzmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Quasnichka
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Donald T Ward
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Gilbert
- Centre for Developmental Biology, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amanda Herberger
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jenna Hwong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Noda Y, Sasaki S. Updates and Perspectives on Aquaporin-2 and Water Balance Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312950. [PMID: 34884753 PMCID: PMC8657825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the proper amount of water inside the body is essential for survival. One of the key factors in the maintenance of body water balance is water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney, a process that is regulated by aquaporin-2 (AQP2). AQP2 is a channel that is exclusively selective for water molecules and impermeable to ions or other small molecules. Impairments of AQP2 result in various water balance disorders, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), which is a disease characterized by a massive loss of water through the kidney and consequent severe dehydration. Dysregulation of AQP2 is also a cause of water retention with hyponatremia in heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Antidiuretic hormone vasopressin is an upstream regulator of AQP2. Its binding to the vasopressin V2 receptor promotes AQP2 targeting to the apical membrane and thus enables water reabsorption. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, is effective and widely used for water retention with hyponatremia. However, there are no studies showing improvement in hard outcomes or long-term prognosis. A possible reason is that vasopressin receptors have many downstream effects other than AQP2 function. It is expected that the development of drugs that directly target AQP2 may result in increased treatment specificity and effectiveness for water balance disorders. This review summarizes recent progress in studies of AQP2 and drug development challenges for water balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Noda
- Department of Nephrology, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo 164-8607, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3382-1231; Fax: +81-3-3382-1588
| | - Sei Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Centrone M, D'Agostino M, Tingskov SJ, Venneri M, Pellegrino T, Difonzo G, Caponio F, Norregaard R, Valenti G, Tamma G. Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) impaired vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 trafficking through the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4537. [PMID: 33633156 PMCID: PMC7907100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) increases water permeability in the renal collecting duct through the regulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking. Several disorders, including hypertension and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), are associated with abnormalities in water homeostasis. It has been shown that certain phytocompounds are beneficial to human health. Here, the effects of the Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) have been evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Confocal studies showed that OLE prevents the vasopressin induced AQP2 translocation to the plasma membrane in MCD4 cells and rat kidneys. Incubation with OLE decreases the AVP-dependent increase of the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf). To elucidate the possible effectors of OLE, intracellular calcium was evaluated. OLE increases the intracellular calcium through the activation of the Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR). NPS2143, a selective CaSR inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effect of OLE on AVP-dependent water permeability. In vivo experiments revealed that treatment with OLE increases the expression of the CaSR mRNA and decreases AQP2 mRNA paralleled by an increase of the AQP2-targeting miRNA-137. Together, these findings suggest that OLE antagonizes vasopressin action through stimulation of the CaSR indicating that this extract may be beneficial to attenuate disorders characterized by abnormal CaSR signaling and affecting renal water reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia D'Agostino
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Venneri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rikke Norregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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Ranieri M, Venneri M, Pellegrino T, Centrone M, Di Mise A, Cotecchia S, Tamma G, Valenti G. The Vasopressin Receptor 2 Mutant R137L Linked to the Nephrogenic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (NSIAD) Signals through an Alternative Pathway that Increases AQP2 Membrane Targeting Independently of S256 Phosphorylation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061354. [PMID: 32486031 PMCID: PMC7349359 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NSIAD is a rare X-linked condition, caused by activating mutations in the AVPR2 gene coding for the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) associated with hyponatremia, despite undetectable plasma vasopressin levels. We have recently provided in vitro evidence that, compared to V2R-wt, expression of activating V2R mutations R137L, R137C and F229V cause a constitutive redistribution of the AQP2 water channel to the plasma membrane, higher basal water permeability and significantly higher basal levels of p256-AQP2 in the F229V mutant but not in R137L or R137C. In this study, V2R mutations were expressed in collecting duct principal cells and the associated signalling was dissected. V2R-R137L and R137C mutants had significantly higher basal pT269-AQP2 levels -independently of S256 and PKA-which were reduced to control by treatment with Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Interestingly, ROCK activity was found significantly higher in V2R-R137L along with activation of the Gα12/13–Rho–ROCK pathway. Of note, inhibition of ROCK reduced the basal elevated osmotic water permeability to control. To conclude, our data demonstrate for the first time that the gain-of-function mutation of the V2R, R137L causing NSIAD, signals through an alternative PKA-independent pathway that increases AQP2 membrane targeting through ROCK-induced phosphorylation at S/T269 independently of S256 of AQP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Maria Venneri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Susanna Cotecchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.R.); (M.V.); (T.P.); (M.C.); (A.D.M.); (S.C.); (G.T.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5443444
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In Vitro and In Vivo Nutraceutical Characterization of Two Chickpea Accessions: Differential Effects on Hepatic Lipid Over-Accumulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030268. [PMID: 32214012 PMCID: PMC7139887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits are crucially important to prevent the development of lifestyle-associated diseases. Diets supplemented with chickpeas have numerous benefits and are known to improve body fat composition. The present study was undertaken to characterize two genetically and phenotypically distinct accessions, MG_13 and PI358934, selected from a global chickpea collection. Rat hepatoma FaO cells treated with a mixture of free fatty acids (FFAs) (O/P) were used as an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis. In parallel, a high-fat diet (HFD) animal model was also established. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that both chickpea accessions showed a significant antioxidant ability. However, only MG_13 reduced the lipid over-accumulation in steatotic FaO cells and in the liver of HFD fed mice. Moreover, mice fed with HFD + MG_13 displayed a lower level of glycemia and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than HFD mice. Interestingly, exposure to MG_13 prevented the phosphorylation of the inflammatory nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) which is upregulated during HFD and known to be linked to obesity. To conclude, the comparison of the two distinct chickpea accessions revealed a beneficial effect only for the MG_13. These findings highlight the importance of studies addressing the functional characterization of chickpea biodiversity and nutraceutical properties.
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Tamma G, Valenti G. Calcium sensing receptor exerts a negative regulatory action toward vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 expression and trafficking in renal collecting duct. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 112:289-310. [PMID: 32061345 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in the regulation of water homeostasis by its antidiuretic action on the kidney, mediated by V2 receptors. An increase in plasma sodium concentration stimulates AVP release, which in turn promotes water reabsorption. Upon binding to the V2 receptors in the renal collecting duct, AVP induces the expression and apical membrane insertion of the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels and subsequent water reabsorption. AVP regulates two independent mechanisms: the short-term regulation of AQP2 trafficking and long-term regulation of the total abundance of the AQP2 protein in the cells. On the other hand, several hormones, acting through specific receptors, have been reported to antagonize AVP-mediated water transport in kidney. In this respect, we previously described that high luminal Ca2+ in the renal collecting duct attenuates short-term AVP-induced AQP2 trafficking through activation of the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR). This effect is due to reduction of AVP-dependent cAMP generation and possibly hydrolysis. Moreover, CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance both via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137 and the proteasomal degradation pathway. This chapter summarizes recent data elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological role of the CaSR-dependent regulation of AQP2 expression and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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Kosiba AA, Wang Y, Chen D, Wong CKC, Gu J, Shi H. The roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. Life Sci 2019; 242:117183. [PMID: 31874167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ responsible for regulating water, electrolyte and acid-base balance as well as eliminating toxic substances from the blood in the body. Exposure of humans to heavy metals in their natural and occupational environments, foods, water, and drugs has serious implications on the kidney's health. The accumulation of heavy metals in the kidney has been linked to acute or chronic renal injury, kidney stones or even renal cancer, at the expense of expensive treatment options. Therefore, unearthing novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents or targets against kidney injury for efficient treatment are imperative. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is typically expressed in the parathyroid glands and renal tubules. It modulates parathyroid hormone secretion according to the serum calcium (Ca2+) concentration. In the kidney, it modulates electrolyte and water excretion by regulating the function of diverse tubular segments. Notably, CaSR lowers passive and active Ca2+ reabsorption in distal tubules, which facilitates phosphate reabsorption in proximal tubules and stimulates proton and water excretion in collecting ducts. Moreover, at the cellular level, modulation of the CaSR regulates cytosolic Ca2+ levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades as well as autophagy and the suppression of apoptosis, an effect predominantly triggered by heavy metals. In this regard, we present a review on the CaSR at the cellular level and its potential as a therapeutic target for the development of new and efficient drugs against heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Kosiba
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Kim DG, Choi JW, Jo IJ, Kim MJ, Lee HS, Hong SH, Song HJ, Bae GS, Park SJ. Berberine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory responses in mouse inner medullary collecting duct‑3 cells by downregulation of NF‑κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:258-266. [PMID: 31746359 PMCID: PMC6896374 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major role of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells is to maintain water and sodium homeostasis. In addition to the major role, it also participates in the protection of renal and systemic inflammation. Although IMCD cells could take part in renal and systemic inflammation, investigations on renal inflammation in IMCD cells have rarely been reported. Although berberine (BBR) has been reported to show diverse pharmacological effects, its anti-inflammatory and protective effects on IMCD cells have not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of BBR in mouse IMCD-3 (mIMCD-3) cells against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An MTT assay was carried out to investigate the toxicity of BBR on mIMCD-3 cells. Reverse transcription quantitative-PCR and western blotting were performed to analysis pro-inflammatory molecules and cytokines. Mechanisms of BBR were examined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. According to previous studies, pro-inflammatory molecules, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α are increased in LPS-exposed mIMCD-3 cells. However, the production of these pro-inflammatory molecules is significantly inhibited by treatment with BBR. In addition, BBR inhibited translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus, and degradation of inhibitory κ-Bα in LPS-exposed mIMCD-3 cells. In conclusion, BBR could inhibit renal inflammatory responses via inhibition of NF-κB signaling and ultimately contribute to amelioration of renal injury during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gu Kim
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Division of Beauty Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Song
- Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sang Bae
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Hanbang Cardio‑Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Renal Ca 2+ and Water Handling in Response to Calcium Sensing Receptor Signaling: Physiopathological Aspects and Role of CaSR-Regulated microRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215341. [PMID: 31717830 PMCID: PMC6862519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal and vital intracellular messenger involved in a diverse range of cellular and biological processes. Changes in the concentration of extracellular Ca2+ can disrupt the normal cellular activities and the physiological function of these systems. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by extracellular Ca2+ and by other physiological cations, aminoacids, and polyamines. CaSR is the main controller of the extracellular Ca2+ homeostatic system by regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and, in turn, Ca2+ absorption and resorption. Recent advances highlight novel signaling pathways activated by CaSR signaling involving the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are naturally-occurring small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and are involved in several diseases. We previously described that high luminal Ca2+ in the renal collecting duct attenuates short-term vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking through CaSR activation. Moreover, we demonstrated that CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137. This review summarizes the recent data related to CaSR-regulated miRNAs signaling pathways in the kidney.
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Ranieri M, Tamma G, Pellegrino T, Vezzi V, Ambrosio C, Grò C, Di Mise A, Costa T, Valenti G, Cotecchia S. Gain-of-function mutations of the V2 vasopressin receptor in nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD): a cell-based assay to assess constitutive water reabsorption. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1291-1304. [PMID: 31486901 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) is a recently identified chromosome X-linked disease associated with gain-of-function mutations of the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R), a G-protein-coupled receptor. It is characterized by inability to excrete a free water load, hyponatremia, and undetectable vasopressin-circulating levels. Hyponatremia can be quite severe in affected male children. To gain a deeper insight into the functional properties of the V2R active mutants and how they might translate into the pathological outcome of NSIAD, in this study, we have expressed the wild-type V2R and three constitutively active V2R mutants associated with NSIAD (R137L, R137C, and the F229V) in MCD4 cells, a cell line derived from renal mouse collecting duct, stably expressing the vasopressin-sensitive water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2). Our findings indicate that in cells expressing each active mutant, AQP2 was constitutively localized to the apical plasma membrane in the absence of vasopressin stimulation. In line with these observations, under basal conditions, osmotic water permeability in cells expressing the constitutively active mutants was significantly higher compared to that of cells expressing the wild-type V2R. Our findings demonstrate a direct link between activating mutations of the V2R and the perturbation of water balance in NSIAD. In addition, this study provides a useful cell-based assay system to assess the functional consequences of newly discovered activating mutations of the V2R on water permeability in kidney cells and to screen the effect of drugs on the mutated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Vezzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ambrosio
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Grò
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, 00136, Rome, Italy. .,Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Susanna Cotecchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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Wu M, Feng Y, Ye GX, Han YC, Wang SS, Ni HF, Wang FM, Gao M, Lv LL, Liu BC. Calcium-sensing receptor activation attenuates collagen expression in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1006-F1015. [PMID: 30838870 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00413.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
316: F1006-F1015, 2019. First published March 6, 2019; doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00413.2018 .-Experimental studies have shown that pharmacological activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) attenuates renal fibrosis in some animal models beyond modification of bone and mineral homeostasis; however, its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since excessive collagen deposition is the key feature of fibrosis, the present study aimed to examine whether CaSR was involved in the regulation of collagen expression in rats with adenine diet-induced renal fibrosis and in profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-treated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The results showed that the CaSR agonist cinacalcet significantly attenuated renal collagen accumulation and tubular injury in adenine diet-fed rats. Additionally, the in vitro experiment showed that profibrotic TGF-β1 significantly increased the expression of collagen and decreased CaSR expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the CaSR CRISPR activation plasmid and cinacalcet partially abrogated the upregulation of collagen induced by TGF-β1 treatment. Blockade of CaSR by the CRISPR/Cas9 KO plasmid or the pharmacological antagonist Calhex231 further enhanced TGF-β1-induced collagen expression. Mechanistic experiments found that Smad2 phosphorylation and Snail expression were markedly increased in PTECs treated with TGF-β1, whereas the CaSR CRISPR activation plasmid and cinacalcet substantially suppressed this induction. In summary, this study provides evidence for a direct renal tubular epithelial protective effect of CaSR activation in renal fibrosis, possibly through suppression of collagen expression in PTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Ye Feng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Guo-Xin Ye
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu-Chen Han
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Si-Si Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Hai-Feng Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine , Nanjing , China
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Gonzalez-Vicente A, Saez F, Monzon CM, Asirwatham J, Garvin JL. Thick Ascending Limb Sodium Transport in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:235-309. [PMID: 30354966 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00055.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thick ascending limb plays a key role in maintaining water and electrolyte balance. The importance of this segment in regulating blood pressure is evidenced by the effect of loop diuretics or local genetic defects on this parameter. Hormones and factors produced by thick ascending limbs have both autocrine and paracrine effects, which can extend prohypertensive signaling to other structures of the nephron. In this review, we discuss the role of the thick ascending limb in the development of hypertension, not as a sole participant, but one that works within the rich biological context of the renal medulla. We first provide an overview of the basic physiology of the segment and the anatomical considerations necessary to understand its relationship with other renal structures. We explore the physiopathological changes in thick ascending limbs occurring in both genetic and induced animal models of hypertension. We then discuss the racial differences and genetic defects that affect blood pressure in humans through changes in thick ascending limb transport rates. Throughout the text, we scrutinize methodologies and discuss the limitations of research techniques that, when overlooked, can lead investigators to make erroneous conclusions. Thus, in addition to advancing an understanding of the basic mechanisms of physiology, the ultimate goal of this work is to understand our research tools, to make better use of them, and to contextualize research data. Future advances in renal hypertension research will require not only collection of new experimental data, but also integration of our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fara Saez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Casandra M Monzon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jessica Asirwatham
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey L Garvin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Tamma G, Valenti G. Vasopressin-aquaporin-2 pathway: recent advances in understanding water balance disorders. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 30800291 PMCID: PMC6364380 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16654.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of water balance and related disorders has emerged as being strictly linked to the state of activation of the vasopressin–aquaporin-2
(vasopressin–AQP2) pathway. The lack of responsiveness of the kidney to the vasopressin action impairs its ability to concentrate the urine, resulting in polyuria, polydipsia, and risk of severe dehydration for patients. Conversely, non-osmotic release of vasopressin is associated with an increase in water permeability in the renal collecting duct, producing water retention and increasing the circulatory blood volume. This review highlights some of the new insights and recent advances in therapeutic intervention targeting the dysfunctions in the vasopressin–AQP2 pathway causing diseases characterized by water balance disorders such as congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The recent clinical data suggest that targeting the vasopressin–AQP2 axis can provide therapeutic benefits in patients with water balance disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy, 70125, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy, 70125, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy, 70125, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Roma, Italy, 00136, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy, 70125, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Roma, Italy, 00136, Italy.,Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, Bari, Italy, 70125, Italy
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16
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Ranieri M, Zahedi K, Tamma G, Centrone M, Di Mise A, Soleimani M, Valenti G. CaSR signaling down-regulates AQP2 expression via a novel microRNA pathway in pendrin and NaCl cotransporter knockout mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:2148-2159. [PMID: 29212817 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700412rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of urinary calcium counteract vasopressin action via the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) that is expressed in the luminal membrane of collecting duct cells, which impairs the trafficking of aquaporin-2 (AQP2). Pendrin/NaCl cotransporter double-knockout (dKO) mice display significant calcium wasting and develop severe volume depletion, despite increased circulating vasopressin levels. We hypothesized that the CaSR-mediated impairment of AQP2 expression/trafficking underlies vasopressin resistance in dKO mice. Compared with wild-type mice, in renal inner medulla, dKO mice had reduced total AQP2 sensitive to proteasome inhibitors, higher levels of AQP2-pS261, ubiquitinated AQP2, and p38-MAPK, an enzyme that is activated by CaSR signaling and known to phosphorylate AQP2 at Ser261. CaSR inhibition with the calcilytic NPS2143 reversed these effects, which indicates that CaSR mediates the up-regulation of AQP2-pS261, ubiquitination, and degradation. Of note, dKO mice demonstrated significantly higher AQP2-targeting miRNA-137 that was reduced upon CaSR inhibition, supporting a critical role for CaSR in the down-regulation of AQP2 expression. Our data indicate that CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance both via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137 and the p38-MAPK/AQP2-pS261/ubiquitination/proteasomal axis. These effects may contribute to the reduced renal concentrating ability that has been observed in dKO mice and underscore a physiologic mechanism of the CaSR-dependent regulation of AQP2 abundance via a novel microRNA pathway.-Ranieri, M., Zahedi, K., Tamma, G., Centrone, M., Di Mise, A., Soleimani, M., Valenti, G. CaSR signaling down-regulates AQP2 expression via a novel microRNA pathway in pendrin and NaCl cotransporter knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Research Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Center on Genetics of Transport and Epithelial Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy.,Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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17
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Vahe C, Benomar K, Espiard S, Coppin L, Jannin A, Odou MF, Vantyghem MC. Diseases associated with calcium-sensing receptor. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:19. [PMID: 28122587 PMCID: PMC5264458 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in systemic calcium metabolism by regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. The diseases caused by an abnormality of the CaSR are genetically determined or are more rarely acquired. The genetic diseases consist of hyper- or hypocalcemia disorders. Hypercalcaemia disorders are related to inactivating mutations of the CASR gene either heterozygous (autosomal dominant familial benign hypercalcaemia, still named hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia syndrome type 1) or homozygous (severe neonatal hyperparathyroidism). The A986S, R990G and Q1011E variants of the CASR gene are associated with higher serum calcium levels than in the general population, hypercalciuria being also associated with the R990G variant. The differential diagnosis consists in the hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia syndrome, types 2 (involving GNA11 gene) and 3 (involving AP2S1 gene); hyperparathyroidism; abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism, involving CYP24A1 and SLC34A1 genes; and reduced GFR. Hypocalcemia disorders, which are more rare, are related to heterozygous activating mutations of the CASR gene (type 1), consisting of autosomal dominant hypocalcemia disorders, sometimes with a presentation of pseudo-Bartter’s syndrome. The differential diagnosis consists of the hypercalciuric hypocalcaemia syndrome type 2, involving GNA11 gene and other hypoparathyroidism aetiologies. The acquired diseases are related to the presence of anti-CaSR antibodies, which can cause hyper- or especially hypocalcemia disorders (for instance in APECED syndromes), determined by their functionality. Finally, the role of CaSR in digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases is gradually coming to light, providing new therapeutic possibilities. Two types of CaSR modulators are known: CaSR agonists (or activators, still named calcimimetics) and calcilytic antagonists (or inhibitors of the CasR). CaSR agonists, such as cinacalcet, are indicated in secondary and primary hyperparathyroidism. Calcilytics have no efficacy in osteoporosis, but could be useful in the treatment of hypercalciuric hypocalcaemia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vahe
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Métabolisme, Hôpital C Huriez Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, 1 rue Polonovski, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France
| | - K Benomar
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Métabolisme, Hôpital C Huriez Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, 1 rue Polonovski, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Espiard
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Métabolisme, Hôpital C Huriez Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, 1 rue Polonovski, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France
| | - L Coppin
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, 1 rue Polonovski, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France
| | - A Jannin
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Métabolisme, Hôpital C Huriez Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, 1 rue Polonovski, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France
| | - M F Odou
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, 1 rue Polonovski, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France
| | - M C Vantyghem
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Métabolisme, Hôpital C Huriez Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Lille, 1 rue Polonovski, 59 037, Lille Cedex, France. .,Equipe INSERM 1190 Prise en charge translationnelle du diabète, Lille Cedex, France. .,Institut EGID (European Genomic Institute for Diabetes), Lille Cedex, France.
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Jung HJ, Kwon TH. Molecular mechanisms regulating aquaporin-2 in kidney collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1318-F1328. [PMID: 27760771 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00485.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney collecting duct is an important renal tubular segment for regulation of body water homeostasis and urine concentration. Water reabsorption in the collecting duct principal cells is controlled by vasopressin, a peptide hormone that induces the osmotic water transport across the collecting duct epithelia through regulation of water channel proteins aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). In particular, vasopressin induces both intracellular translocation of AQP2-bearing vesicles to the apical plasma membrane and transcription of the Aqp2 gene to increase AQP2 protein abundance. The signaling pathways, including AQP2 phosphorylation, RhoA phosphorylation, intracellular calcium mobilization, and actin depolymerization, play a key role in the translocation of AQP2. This review summarizes recent data demonstrating the regulation of AQP2 as the underlying molecular mechanism for the homeostasis of water balance in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jung
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Tamma G, Valenti G. Evaluating the Oxidative Stress in Renal Diseases: What Is the Role for S-Glutathionylation? Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:147-64. [PMID: 26972776 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as toxic derivatives of aerobic metabolism displaying a harmful effect to living cells. Deregulation of redox homeostasis and production of excessive free radicals may contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. In line, oxidative stress increases in patients with renal dysfunctions due to a general increase of ROS paralleled by impaired antioxidant ability. RECENT ADVANCES Emerging evidence revealed that physiologically, ROS can act as signaling molecules interplaying with several transduction pathways such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. ROS can exert signaling functions by modulating, at different layers, protein oxidation since proteins have "cysteine switches" that can be reversibly reduced or oxidized, supporting the dynamic signaling regulation function. In this scenario, S-glutathionylation is a posttranslational modification involved in oxidative cellular response. CRITICAL ISSUES Although it is widely accepted that renal dysfunctions are often associated with altered redox signaling, the relative role of S-glutathionylation on the pathogenesis of specific renal diseases remains unclear and needs further investigations. In this review, we discuss the impact of ROS in renal health and diseases and the role of selective S-glutathionylation proteins potentially relevant to renal physiology. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The paucity of studies linking the reversible protein glutathionylation with specific renal disorders remains unmet. The growing number of S-glutathionylated proteins indicates that this is a fascinating area of research. In this respect, further studies on the association of reversible glutathionylation with renal diseases, characterized by oxidative stress, may be useful to develop new pharmacological molecules targeting protein S-glutathionylation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 147-164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Tamma
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Bari, Italy .,2 Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.) , Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Bari, Italy .,2 Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.) , Rome, Italy .,3 Centro di Eccellenza di Genomica in campo Biomedico ed Agrario (CEGBA) , Bari, Italy
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