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Chi LH, Redfern AD, Roslan S, Street IP, Burrows AD, Anderson RL. Loss of tumor-derived SMAD4 enhances primary tumor growth but not metastasis following BMP4 signalling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:248. [PMID: 38689334 PMCID: PMC11060976 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a potent inhibitor of breast cancer metastasis. However, a tumor-promoting effect of BMP4 is reported in other tumor types, especially when SMAD4 is inactive. METHODS To assess the requirement for SMAD4 in BMP4-mediated suppression of metastasis, we knocked down SMAD4 in two different breast tumors and enforced SMAD4 expression in a third line with endogenous SMAD4 deletion. In addition, we assessed the requirement for SMAD4 in tumor cell-specific BMP signalling by expression of a constitutively active BMP receptor. Delineation of genes regulated by BMP4 in the presence or absence of SMAD4 was assessed by RNA sequencing and a BMP4-induced gene, MYO1F was assessed for its role in metastasis. Genes regulated by BMP4 and/or SMAD4 were assessed in a publicly available database of gene expression profiles of breast cancer patients. RESULTS In the absence of SMAD4, BMP4 promotes primary tumor growth that is accompanied by increased expression of genes associated with DNA replication, cell cycle, and MYC signalling pathways. Despite increased primary tumor growth, BMP4 suppresses metastasis in the absence of tumor cell expression of SMAD4. Consistent with the anti-metastatic activity of BMP4, enforced signalling through the constitutively active receptor in SMAD4 positive tumors that lacked BMP4 expression still suppressed metastasis, but in the absence of SMAD4, the suppression of metastasis was largely prevented. Thus BMP4 is required for suppression of metastasis regardless of tumor SMAD4 status. The BMP4 upregulated gene, MYO1F, was shown to be a potent suppressor of breast cancer metastasis. Gene signature upregulated by BMP4 in the absence of SMAD4 was associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, whereas gene signature upregulated by BMP4 in the presence of SMAD4 was associated with improved prognosis. CONCLUSIONS BMP4 expression is required for suppression of metastasis regardless of the SMAD4 status of the tumor cells. Since BMP4 is a secreted protein, we conclude that it can act both in an autocrine manner in SMAD4-expressing tumor cells and in a paracrine manner on stromal cells to suppress metastasis. Deletion of SMAD4 from tumor cells does not prevent BMP4 from suppressing metastasis via a paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Hing Chi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Suraya Roslan
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian P Street
- Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Yu F, Huang D, Kuang Y, Dong J, Han Q, Zhou J, Teng X. IRS1 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis through EMT and PI3K/AKT pathways. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:284-293. [PMID: 38172081 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin receptor substract 1 (IRS1) protein is an important signal transduction adapter for extracellular signal transduction from insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its family members to IRS1 downstream proteins. IRS1 has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis and metastasis in some of solid tumors. Investigating the role of IRS1 in thyroid cancer can help to screen high risk patients at the initial diagnosis. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression levels of IRS1 in 131 metastatic thyroid cancer tissues. Wound healing, cell invasion and colony formation assays were used to study the functions of IRS1 in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Western blot analysis analyses were performed to examine the underlying regulation mechanisms of IRS1 in thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS IRS1 was highly expressed in thyroid cancers and its expression was positively associated with distant metastasis and advanced clinical stages. In vitro studies demonstrated that IRS1 is an important mediator of migration, invasion and colony formation of thyroid cancer cells. RNA-seq showed that IRS1 promoted the metastasis of thyroid cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS IRS1 overexpression contributes to the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer and is expected to be a stratified marker and a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Li Z, Liu G, Yang X, Shu M, Jin W, Tong Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Yuan J, Yang Y. An atlas of cell-type-specific interactome networks across 44 human tumor types. Genome Med 2024; 16:30. [PMID: 38347596 PMCID: PMC10860273 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological processes are controlled by groups of genes acting in concert. Investigating gene-gene interactions within different cell types can help researchers understand the regulatory mechanisms behind human complex diseases, such as tumors. METHODS We collected extensive single-cell RNA-seq data from tumors, involving 563 patients with 44 different tumor types. Through our analysis, we identified various cell types in tumors and created an atlas of different immune cell subsets across different tumor types. Using the SCINET method, we reconstructed interactome networks specific to different cell types. Diverse functional data was then integrated to gain biological insights into the networks, including somatic mutation patterns and gene functional annotation. Additionally, genes with prognostic relevance within the networks were also identified. We also examined cell-cell communications to investigate how gene interactions modulate cell-cell interactions. RESULTS We developed a data portal called CellNetdb for researchers to study cell-type-specific interactome networks. Our findings indicate that these networks can be used to identify genes with topological specificity in different cell types. We also found that prognostic genes can deconvolved into cell types through analyzing network connectivity. Additionally, we identified commonalities and differences in cell-type-specific networks across different tumor types. Our results suggest that these networks can be used to prioritize risk genes. CONCLUSIONS This study presented CellNetdb, a comprehensive repository featuring an atlas of cell-type-specific interactome networks across 44 human tumor types. The findings underscore the utility of these networks in delineating the intricacies of tumor microenvironments and advancing the understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Gerui Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Meng Shu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yang Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaochuan Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jiapei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Jawich K, Hadakie R, Jamal S, Habeeb R, Al Fahoum S, Ferlin A, De Toni L. Emerging Role of Non-collagenous Bone Proteins as Osteokines in Extraosseous Tissues. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:215-225. [PMID: 37937553 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037268414231017074054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a unique tissue, composed of various types of cells embedded in a calcified extracellular matrix (ECM), whose dynamic structure consists of organic and inorganic compounds produced by bone cells. The main inorganic component is represented by hydroxyapatite, whilst the organic ECM is primarily made up of type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins. These proteins play an important role in bone homeostasis, calcium regulation, and maintenance of the hematopoietic niche. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of specific bone proteins, named "osteokines", possessing endocrine functions and exerting effects on nonosseous tissues. Accordingly, osteokines have been found to act as growth factors, cell receptors, and adhesion molecules, thus modifying the view of bone from a static tissue fulfilling mobility to an endocrine organ itself. Since bone is involved in a paracrine and endocrine cross-talk with other tissues, a better understanding of bone secretome and the systemic roles of osteokines is expected to provide benefits in multiple topics: such as identification of novel biomarkers and the development of new therapeutic strategies. The present review discusses in detail the known osseous and extraosseous effects of these proteins and the possible respective clinical and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenda Jawich
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Hadakie
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Souhaib Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Rana Habeeb
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Science and Technology, Darrah, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Sahar Al Fahoum
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Gan B, He Y, Ma Y, Mao L, Liao C, Deng G. Identification of a novel lncRNA prognostic signature and analysis of functional lncRNA AC115619.1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1167418. [PMID: 37614318 PMCID: PMC10442647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1167418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the deadliest malignancy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development of multiple human malignancies. This study aimed to establish a reliable signature and identify novel biomarkers for HCC patients. Methods: Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to screen the prognostic lncRNAs and establish a prognostic model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to validate the prognostic value of this model. The association between lncRNAs and differential m6A genes was analyzed by Spearman's analysis. A series of bioinformatic and in vitro experiments were applied to explore the function of hub lncRNA. Results: A total of 32 DElncRNAs were identified, and 12 DElncRNAs were associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. A prognostic signature comprising six prognostic lncRNAs (LINC02428, LINC02163, AC008549.1, AC115619.1, CASC9, and LINC02362) was constructed, and the model exhibited an excellent capacity for prognosis prediction. Furthermore, 12 differential m6A regulators were identified, and RBMX was found to be correlated negatively with the hub lncRNA AC115619.1. The expression level of AC115619.1 was lower in HCC tissues than that in normal tissues and was significantly related to clinicopathologic features, survival rate, and drug sensitivity. Overexpression of AC115619.1 notably inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Conclusion: This study provided a promising prognostic signature for HCC patients and identified AC115619.1 as a novel biomarker, which plays an essential role in regulating the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binliang Gan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Youwu He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Linfeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanjie Liao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ganlu Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Pan X, Jia Z, Zhen R, Yue L, Niu S, Ban J, Chen S. Mechanisms of Small Intestine Involvement in Obesity-Induced Atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1941-1952. [PMID: 37405318 PMCID: PMC10315150 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s421650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies have shown that atherosclerotic plaques are associated with changes in the microbial composition of the intestinal flora and obesity, and that the small intestine plays an irreplaceable role in regulating intestinal flora homeostasis, but the role of the small intestine in the development of obesity-related atherosclerosis remains understudied. Therefore, this study explores the role of the small intestine in obesity-induced atherosclerosis and its molecular mechanisms. Methods In the GSE59054 data, small intestine tissue samples from 3 normal and 3 obese mice were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the GEO2R tool. The DEGs were next processed for bioinformatics analysis. We constructed an obese mouse model and measured aortic arch pulse wave velocity (PWV). Aortic and small intestine tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe pathological changes. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the expression of small intestinal proteins. Results We identified a total of 122 DEGs. Pathway analysis revealed that BMP4, CDH5, IL1A, NQO1, GSTM1, GSTA3, CAV1 and MGST2 were mainly enriched in the Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway. In addition, BMP4, NQO1 and GSTM1 are closely related to atherosclerosis. Ultrasound and pathological findings suggest the presence of obesity atherosclerosis. Immunohistochemistry verified high expression of BMP4 and low expression of NQO1 and GSTM1 in obese small intestine tissues. Conclusion The altered expression of BMP4, NQO1 and GSTM1 in small intestine tissues during obesity may be related to atherosclerosis, and Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis pathway may be the molecular mechanism of their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoxi Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Niu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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Ma B, Wang X, Ren H, Li Y, Zhang H, Yang M, Li J. High glucose promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by activating the BMP4 signaling and inhibited by glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:594. [PMID: 37370018 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detailed molecular mechanism between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is still uncertain. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) dysregulation is implicated in T2DM and CRC, respectively. This study aims to investigate whether BMP4 can mediate the interaction of CRC with T2DM. METHODS We firstly explored the expression of BMP4 in The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA) databases and CRC patients with or without DM from the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. The diabetic model of CRC cell lines in vitro and the mice model in vivo were developed to explore the BMP4 expression during CRC with or without diabetes. Further inhibition of BMP4 to observe its effects on CRC. Also, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) was used to verify the underlying mechanism of hypoglycemic drugs on CRC via BMP4. RESULTS BMP4 expression was upregulated in CRC patients, and significantly higher in CRC patients with diabetes (P < 0.05). High glucose-induced insulin resistance (IR)-CRC cells and diabetic mice with metastasis model of CRC had increased BMP4 expression, activated BMP4-Smad1/5/8 pathway, and improved proliferative and metastatic ability mediated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). And, treated CRC cells with exogenously BMP inhibitor-Noggin or transfected with lentivirus (sh-BMP4) could block the upregulated metastatic ability of CRC cells induced by IR. Meanwhile, GLP-1R was downregulated by high glucose-induced IR while unregulated by BMP4 inhibitor noggin, and treated GLP-1RA could suppress the proliferation of CRC cells induced by IR through downregulated BMP4. CONCLUSIONS BMP4 increased by high glucose promoted the EMT of CRC. The mechanism of the BMP4/Smad pathway was related to the susceptible metastasis of high glucose-induced IR-CRC. The commonly used hypoglycemic drug, GLP-1RA, inhibited the growth and promoted the apoptosis of CRC through the downregulation of BMP4. The result of our study suggested that BMP4 might serve as a therapeutic target in CRC patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Ma
- Colorectal Cancer Central, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yingying Li
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huadong Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, 221 West Yanan Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Muqing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Geriatric Cancer Center, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 221 West Yanan Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Gogola S, Rejzer M, Bahmad HF, Abou-Kheir W, Omarzai Y, Poppiti R. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082309. [PMID: 37190236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide, with 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths estimated in the United States in 2023. Treatment options for early-stage disease include external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination of these. In advanced cases, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the first-line therapy; however, PCa in most patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite ADT. Nonetheless, the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent tumors is not yet fully understood. The physiological processes of epithelial-to-non-epithelial ("mesenchymal") transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for normal embryonic development; however, they have also been linked to higher tumor grade, metastatic progression, and treatment resistance. Due to this association, EMT and MET have been identified as important targets for novel cancer therapies, including CRPC. Here, we discuss the transcriptional factors and signaling pathways involved in EMT, in addition to the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that have been identified in these processes. We also tackle the various studies that have been conducted from bench to bedside and the current landscape of EMT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gogola
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michael Rejzer
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Yumna Omarzai
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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9
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Vignjević Petrinović S, Jauković A, Milošević M, Bugarski D, Budeč M. Targeting Stress Erythropoiesis Pathways in Cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:844042. [PMID: 35694408 PMCID: PMC9174937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.844042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is a common multifactorial disorder that adversely affects the quality of life and overall prognosis in patients with cancer. Safety concerns associated with the most common CRA treatment options, including intravenous iron therapy and erythropoietic-stimulating agents, have often resulted in no or suboptimal anemia management for many cancer patients. Chronic anemia creates a vital need to restore normal erythropoietic output and therefore activates the mechanisms of stress erythropoiesis (SE). A growing body of evidence demonstrates that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling, along with glucocorticoids, erythropoietin, stem cell factor, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and hypoxia-inducible factors, plays a pivotal role in SE. Nevertheless, a chronic state of SE may lead to ineffective erythropoiesis, characterized by the expansion of erythroid progenitor pool, that largely fails to differentiate and give rise to mature red blood cells, further aggravating CRA. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the emerging roles for stress erythroid progenitors and activated SE pathways in tumor progression, highlighting the urgent need to suppress ineffective erythropoiesis in cancer patients and develop an optimal treatment strategy as well as a personalized approach to CRA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Vignjević Petrinović
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milošević
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirela Budeč
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Su H, Ren W, Zhang D. Research progress on exosomal proteins as diagnostic markers of gastric cancer (review article). Clin Exp Med 2022; 23:203-218. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of tumors and the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of GC is critical to its prevention and treatment. Available tumor markers are the crucial step for GC diagnosis. Recent studies have shown that proteins in exosomes are potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC. Exosomes, secreted by cells, are cup-shaped with a diameter of 30–150 nm under the electron microscope. They are also surrounded by lipid bilayers and are widely found in various body fluids. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. The examination of exosomal proteins has the advantages of quickness, easy sampling, and low pain and cost, as compared with the routine inspection method of GC, which may lead to marked developments in GC diagnosis. This article summarized the exosomal proteins with a diagnostic and prognostic potential in GC, as well as exosomal proteins involved in GC progression.
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11
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Jin Y, Cao J, Hu X, Cheng H. Long noncoding RNA TUG1 upregulates VEGFA to enhance malignant behaviors in stomach adenocarcinoma by sponging miR-29c-3p. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24106. [PMID: 34762771 PMCID: PMC8649340 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TUG1 has been reported to display a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and malignant progression of various types of cancers, including stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). However, the contribution of aberrant expression of TUG1 and the mechanism by which it serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in STAD remains largely obscure. METHODS The human STAD cell lines (MGC-803 and AGS), human normal gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) were purchased and cultured to investigate the roles of TUG1 in STAD. Twenty BALB/c nude mice were purchased to establish a xenograft model to explore the roles of TUG1 in vivo. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TUG1 was upregulated in STAD, of which expression was negatively and positively correlated with miR-29c-3p and VEGFA, respectively. Functional analyses indicated that TUG1 functioned as an oncogene to promote malignant behaviors (proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis) of STAD cells; whereas miR-29c-3p exerted the opposite role. Mechanistically, the interaction between miR-29c-3p with TUG1 and VEGFA was demonstrated. It was observed that miR-29c-3p could reverse the TUG1-induced promotion effect on cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in STAD. Furthermore, TUG1 overexpression promoted STAD cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, whereas VEGFA silence restored these effects, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION This finding confirmed that lncRNA TUG1 acts as a ceRNA for miR-29c-3p to promote tumor progression and angiogenesis by upregulating VEGFA, indicating TUG1 as a therapeutic target in STAD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Jin
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jiaqing Cao
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Hua Cheng
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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12
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Analysis of Threshold Change of Tumor Mutation Burden in Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3374939. [PMID: 34335754 PMCID: PMC8321718 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3374939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of tumor mutation burden (TMB) in gastric cancer (GC) and its relationship with prognosis. Methods A total of 262 patients with GC from January 2018 to December 2019 were included in this study. All patients were in the advanced stage and were treated with surgical removal of D2 lymph nodes and dissection. Clinical data and gene expression profile data of the GC dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas were collected. Patients were randomly divided into a high-level group and a low-level group according to the TMB of 8 mutations/Mb. TMB of GC was calculated based on cell mutation data. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between TMB and prognosis of GC patients. Results The total mutation rate of 262GC patients was 92.85%. The top 5 mutant genes were TP53, RB1, ARID1A, KMT2B, and RET. The expression level of TMB in GC patients was statistically significant with age, drinking history, and differentiation type. 94 of the 262 patients died, and 168 survived during the follow-up period. Patients with a high level of TMB had a worse prognosis than those with low level of TMB. The results of univariate and multivariate logistic analysis showed that the overall survival rate of GC patients was statistically significant with age, drinking history, clinical stage, differentiation type, and TMB. Conclusion GC patients are often accompanied by changes in TMB, and its expression level is closely related to the degree of pathological differentiation, which is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of GC patients. High TMB value can evaluate the prognosis and provide a reference for the formulation of clinical treatment plans for GC patients.
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13
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Bone Metastases from Gastric Cancer: What We Know and How to Deal with Them. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081777. [PMID: 33921760 PMCID: PMC8073984 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide; the prognosis is poor especially in the case of metastatic disease. Liver, lymph nodes, peritoneum, and lung are the most frequent sites of metastases from GC; however, bone metastases from GC have been reported in the literature. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the metastatic sites may affect the prognosis. In particular, knowledge about the impact of bone metastases on GC patients’ outcome is scant, and this may be related to the rarity of bone lesions and/or their underestimation at the time of diagnosis. In fact, there is still a lack of specific recommendation for their detection at the diagnosis. Then, the majority of the evidences in this field came from retrospective analysis on very heterogeneous study populations. In this context, the aim of this narrative review is to delineate an overview about the evidences existing about bone metastases in GC patients, focusing on their incidence and biology, the prognostic role of bone involvement, and their possible implication in the treatment choice.
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Zhang N, Zhang S, Wu W, Lu W, Jiang M, Zheng N, Huang J, Wang L, Liu H, Zheng M, Wang J. Regorafenib inhibits migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting ID1-mediated EMT. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:151-163. [PMID: 33428809 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regorafenib is approved for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following sorafenib. However, the effect of regorafenib on HCC metastasis and its mechanism are poorly understood. Here, our data showed that regorafenib significantly restrained the migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of HCC cells, and downregulated the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/VM-related molecules. Using RNA-seq and cellular thermal shift assays, we found that inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) was a key target of regorafenib. In HCC tissues, the protein expression of ID1 was positively correlated with EMT and VM formation (CD34- /PAS+ ). Functionally, ID1 knockdown inhibited HCC cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and VM formation in vitro and in vivo, with upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of Snail and VE-cadherin. Moreover, Snail overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and VM formation of ID1 knockdown cells. Snail knockdown reduced the migration, invasion, and VM formation of ID1 overexpression cells. Finally, regorafenib suppressed VM formation and decreased the expression of ID1, VE-cadherin and Snail in HCC PDX model. In conclusion, we manifested that regorafenib distinctly inhibited EMT in HCC cells via targeting ID1, leading to the suppression of cell migration, invasion and VM formation. These findings suggest that regorafenib may be developed as a suitable therapeutic agent for HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoqin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxian Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mingting Jiang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Hekun Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jichuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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