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Fernandes JCR, Zamboni DS. Mechanisms regulating host cell death during Leishmania infection. mBio 2024:e0198023. [PMID: 39392429 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01980-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasites from the Leishmania genus are the causative agents of leishmaniasis and primarily reside within macrophages during mammalian infection. Their ability to establish intracellular infection provides a secure niche for proliferation while evading detection. However, successful multiplication within mammalian cells requires the orchestration of multiple mechanisms that control host cell viability. In contrast, innate immune cells, such as macrophages, can undergo different forms of cell death in response to pathogenic intracellular microbes. Thus, modulation of these different forms of host cell death is crucial for Leishmaniasis development. The regulation of host cell apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is crucial for sustaining parasites within viable host cells. Accordingly, several studies have demonstrated evasion of apoptosis induced by dermotropic and viscerotropic Leishmania species. Conversely, the prevention of pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, ensures the establishment of infection by silencing the release of mediators that could trigger massive proinflammatory responses. This manuscript explores how Leishmania regulates various host cell death pathways and overviews seminal studies on regulating host cell apoptosis by different Leishmania species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C R Fernandes
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dirkx L, Loyens M, Van Acker SI, Bulté D, Claes M, Radwanska M, Magez S, Caljon G. Effect of Leishmania infantum infection on B cell lymphopoiesis and memory in the bone marrow and spleen. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23893. [PMID: 39177943 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400715r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by an uncontrolled infection of internal organs such as the spleen, liver and bone marrow (BM) and can be lethal when left untreated. No effective vaccination is currently available for humans. The importance of B cells in infection and VL protective immunity has been controversial, with both detrimental and protective effects described. VL infection was found in this study to increase not only all analyzed B cell subsets in the spleen but also the B cell progenitors in the BM. The enhanced B lymphopoiesis aligns with the clinical manifestation of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and the occurrence of autoantibodies. In line with earlier reports, flow cytometric and microscopic examination identified parasite attachment to B cells of the BM and spleen without internalization, and transformation of promastigotes into amastigote morphotypes. The interaction appears independent of IgM expression and is associated with an increased detection of activated lysosomes. Furthermore, the extracellularly attached amastigotes could be efficiently transferred to infect macrophages. The observed interaction underscores the potentially crucial role of B cells during VL infection. Additionally, using immunization against a fluorescent heterologous antigen, it was shown that the infection does not impair immune memory, which is reassuring for vaccination campaigns in VL endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dirkx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marlotte Loyens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara I Van Acker
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Bulté
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mathieu Claes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Radwanska
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
- Brussels Center for Immunology (BCIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ali W, Kulsoom, Wang F. Molecular probes for monitoring pyroptosis: design, imaging and theranostic application. Apoptosis 2024; 29:1038-1050. [PMID: 38772991 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently discovered process of programmed cell death that is linked with tumor progression and potential treatment strategies. Unlike other forms of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis or necrosis, pyroptosis is associated with pore-forming proteins gasdermin D (GSDMD), which are cleaved by caspase enzymes to form oligomers. These oligomers are then inserted into the cell surface membrane, causing pores to consequently result in rapid cell death. Pyroptosis, in conjunction with immunotherapy, represents a promising avenue for prognostication and antitumor therapy, providing a more precise direction for disease treatment. To gain deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying pyroptosis in real-time, non-invasive and live cell imaging techniques are urgently needed. Non-invasive imaging techniques can enhance future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases, including different types of tumors. This review article discusses various non-invasive molecular probes for detecting pyroptosis, including genetic reporters and nanomaterials. These strategies can enhance scientists' understanding of pyroptosis and help discover personalized and effective ways to treat inflammatory diseases, particularly tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajahat Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kulsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Fu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang, 712046, Shaanxi, China.
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Volkmar K, Jaedtka M, Baars I, Walber B, Philipp MS, Bagola K, Müller AJ, Heine H, van Zandbergen G. Investigating pyroptosis as a mechanism of L. major cell-to-cell spread in the human BLaER1 infection model. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:453-469. [PMID: 37612878 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania is the causative agent of the tropical neglected disease leishmaniasis and infects macrophages as its definitive host cell. In order to sustain and propagate infections, Leishmania parasites have to complete cycles of exit and re-infection. Yet, the mechanism driving the parasite spread to other cells remains unclear. Recent studies reported pro-inflammatory monocytes as replicative niche of Leishmania major and showed prolonged expression of IL-1β at the site of infection, indicating an activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pointing toward pyroptosis as a possible mechanism of parasite spread. To address the species-specific inflammasome activation of human cells, we characterized the BLaER1 monocytes as a model for L. major infection. We found that BLaER1 monocytes support infection and activation by Leishmania parasites to the same extent as primary human macrophages. Harnessing the possibilities of this infection model, we first showed that BLaER1 GSDMD-/- cells, which carry a deletion of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D, are more resistant to pyroptotic cell death and, concomitantly, display a strongly delayed release of intracellular parasite. Using that knockout in a co-incubation assay in comparison with wild-type BLaER1 cells, we demonstrate that impairment of the pyroptosis pathway leads to lower rates of parasite spread to new host cells, thus, implicating pyroptotic cell death as a possible exit mechanism of L. major in pro-inflammatory microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerren Volkmar
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen, Langen, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Jaedtka
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen, Langen, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Baars
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Walber
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Bagola
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Heine
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Ger van Zandbergen
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen, Langen, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Baars I, Jaedtka M, Dewitz LA, Fu Y, Franz T, Mohr J, Gintschel P, Berlin H, Degen A, Freier S, Rygol S, Schraven B, Kahlfuß S, van Zandbergen G, Müller AJ. Leishmania major drives host phagocyte death and cell-to-cell transfer depending on intracellular pathogen proliferation rate. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169020. [PMID: 37310793 PMCID: PMC10443809 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulence of intracellular pathogens relies largely on the ability to survive and replicate within phagocytes but also on release and transfer into new host cells. Such cell-to-cell transfer could represent a target for counteracting microbial pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular processes remains woefully insufficient. Using intravital 2-photon microscopy of caspase-3 activation in the Leishmania major-infected (L. major-infected) live skin, we showed increased apoptosis in cells infected by the parasite. Also, transfer of the parasite to new host cells occurred directly without a detectable extracellular state and was associated with concomitant uptake of cellular material from the original host cell. These in vivo findings were fully recapitulated in infections of isolated human phagocytes. Furthermore, we observed that high pathogen proliferation increased cell death in infected cells, and long-term residency within an infected host cell was only possible for slowly proliferating parasites. Our results therefore suggest that L. major drives its own dissemination to new phagocytes by inducing host cell death in a proliferation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Baars
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Jaedtka
- Division of Immunology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leon-Alexander Dewitz
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yan Fu
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Franz
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Mohr
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Gintschel
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Berlin
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angelina Degen
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Freier
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rygol
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuß
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ger van Zandbergen
- Division of Immunology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Müller
- Experimental Immunodynamics, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, and
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Faculty and Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Jha B, Reverte M, Ronet C, Prevel F, Morgenthaler FD, Desponds C, Lye LF, Owens KL, Scarpellino L, Dubey LK, Sabine A, Petrova TV, Luther SA, Beverley SM, Fasel N. In and out: Leishmania metastasis by hijacking lymphatic system and migrating immune cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:941860. [PMID: 36034709 PMCID: PMC9414205 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.941860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in mounting immune response against intracellular pathogens, and recent studies have documented its role in facilitating tumor dissemination linked largely with cancer cells. However, in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) caused by Leishmania Viannia subgenus showing infectious metastasis and resulting in severe distant secondary lesions, the route of escape of these parasites to secondary sites has not yet been investigated in detail. Our results demonstrated that when infection was associated with inflammation and additionally exacerbated by the presence of dsRNA viral endosymbiont (LRV1), lymphatic vessels could serve as efficient routes for infected cells to egress from the primary site and colonize distant organs. We challenged this hypothesis by using the intracellular Leishmania protozoan parasites Leishmania guyanensis (Lgy) associated with or without a dsRNA viral endosymbiont, exacerbating the infection and responsible for a strong inflammatory response, and favoring metastasis of the infection. We analyzed possible cargo cells and the routes of dissemination through flow cytometry, histological analysis, and in vivo imaging in our metastatic model to show that parasites disseminated not only intracellularly but also as free extracellular parasites using migrating immune cells, lymph nodes (LNs), and lymph vessels, and followed intricate connections of draining and non-draining lymph node to finally end up in the blood and in distant skin, causing new lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijayanti Jha
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marta Reverte
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Ronet
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Prevel
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Chantal Desponds
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lon-Fye Lye
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Katherine L. Owens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Lalit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Centre for Microvascular Research, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amélie Sabine
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A. Luther
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stephen M. Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Fasel,
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Kent RS, Briggs EM, Colon BL, Alvarez C, Silva Pereira S, De Niz M. Paving the Way: Contributions of Big Data to Apicomplexan and Kinetoplastid Research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:900878. [PMID: 35734575 PMCID: PMC9207352 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.900878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the age of big data an important question is how to ensure we make the most out of the resources we generate. In this review, we discuss the major methods used in Apicomplexan and Kinetoplastid research to produce big datasets and advance our understanding of Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania biology. We debate the benefits and limitations of the current technologies, and propose future advancements that may be key to improving our use of these techniques. Finally, we consider the difficulties the field faces when trying to make the most of the abundance of data that has already been, and will continue to be, generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn S. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Emma M. Briggs
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice L. Colon
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Catalina Alvarez
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana De Niz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Zilberstein D. Lysosome Sensing Is a Key Mechanism in Leishmania Intracellular Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667807. [PMID: 34025623 PMCID: PMC8137843 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagolysosomes of macrophages are the niche where the parasitic protozoan Leishmania resides and causes human leishmaniasis. During infection, this organism encounters dramatic environmental changes. These include heat shock (from 26°C in the vector to 33°C or 37°C in the host, for cutaneous and visceral species, respectively) and acidic pH typical to the lysosome and nutrient availability. Leishmania cells developed ways to sense the lysosome-specific environment (acidic pH and body temperature) as means of recognition and, subsequently, initiation of differentiation into the intracellular form. Recent studies have indicated that protein kinase A plays a role as the gatekeeper that enables differentiation initiation. This review provides an update on the lysosome signaling pathway-mediated Leishmania intracellular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zilberstein
- Faculty of Biology, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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First person – Thibault Rosazza. J Cell Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Thibault Rosazza is first author on ‘Dynamic imaging reveals surface exposure of virulent Leishmania amastigotes during pyroptosis of infected macrophages’, published in JCS. Thibault conducted the research described in this article while a master's student in Dr Gerald Spaeth's lab at Institut Pasteur, Unite de Parasitologie Moleculaire et Signalisation, and is now a rotation PhD student in the lab of Dr Gabriel Solberger at University of Dundee, investigating host–pathogen interactions, emphasizing innate immunity modulations.
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