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Todorova PK, Jackson BT, Garg V, Paras KI, Brunner JS, Bridgeman AE, Chen Y, Baksh SC, Yan J, Hadjantonakis AK, Finley LWS. Amino acid intake strategies define pluripotent cell states. Nat Metab 2024; 6:127-140. [PMID: 38172382 PMCID: PMC10842923 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian preimplantation development is associated with marked metabolic robustness, and embryos can develop under a wide variety of nutrient conditions, including even the complete absence of soluble amino acids. Here we show that mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) capture the unique metabolic state of preimplantation embryos and proliferate in the absence of several essential amino acids. Amino acid independence is enabled by constitutive uptake of exogenous protein through macropinocytosis, alongside a robust lysosomal digestive system. Following transition to more committed states, ESCs reduce digestion of extracellular protein and instead become reliant on exogenous amino acids. Accordingly, amino acid withdrawal selects for ESCs that mimic the preimplantation epiblast. More broadly, we find that all lineages of preimplantation blastocysts exhibit constitutive macropinocytic protein uptake and digestion. Taken together, these results highlight exogenous protein uptake and digestion as an intrinsic feature of preimplantation development and provide insight into the catabolic strategies that enable embryos to sustain viability before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina K Todorova
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin T Jackson
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vidur Garg
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina I Paras
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia S Brunner
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna E Bridgeman
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjeethan C Baksh
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jielin Yan
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lydia W S Finley
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Karydis-Messinis A, Moschovas D, Markou M, Tsirka K, Gioti C, Bagli E, Murphy C, Giannakas AE, Paipetis A, Karakassides MA, Avgeropoulos A, Salmas CE, Zafeiropoulos NE. Hydrogel Membranes from Chitosan-Fish Gelatin-Glycerol for Biomedical Applications: Chondroitin Sulfate Incorporation Effect in Membrane Properties. Gels 2023; 9:844. [PMID: 37998934 PMCID: PMC10670475 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (ChS), chitosan (Chi), and fish gelatin (FG), which are byproducts of a fish-treatment small enterprise, were incorporated with glycerol (Gly) to obtain dense hydrogel membranes with reduced brittleness, candidates for dressing in wound healing applications. The mechanical properties of all samples were studied via Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and tensile tests while their internal structure was characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) instruments. Their surface morphology was analyzed by ThermoGravimetric Analysis (TGA) method, while their water permeability was estimated via Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) measurements. Wettability and degradation rate measurements were also carried out. Characterization results indicated that secondary interactions between the natural polymers and the plasticizer create the hydrogel membranes. The samples were amorphous due to the high concentration of plasticizer and the amorphous nature of the natural polymers. The integration of ChS led to decreased decomposition temperature in comparison with the glycerol-free sample, and all the materials had dense structures. Finally, the in vitro endothelial cell attachment studies indicate that the hydrogel membranes successfully support the attachment and survival of primary on the hydrogel membranes and could be appropriate for external application in wound healing applications as dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karydis-Messinis
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Markou
- Biomedical Research Institute (BRI)-FORTH, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.M.); (E.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Kyriaki Tsirka
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Christina Gioti
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Eleni Bagli
- Biomedical Research Institute (BRI)-FORTH, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.M.); (E.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Carol Murphy
- Biomedical Research Institute (BRI)-FORTH, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.M.); (E.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Aris E. Giannakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece;
| | - Alkis Paipetis
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Constantinos E. Salmas
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Zafeiropoulos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (K.T.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (M.A.K.); (A.A.)
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Li JH, Trivedi V, Diz-Muñoz A. Understanding the interplay of membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:123-134. [PMID: 35641408 PMCID: PMC9703995 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells can generate a diversity of cell types during development, regeneration and adult tissue homeostasis. Differentiation changes not only the cell fate in terms of gene expression but also the physical properties and functions of cells, e.g. the secretory activity, cell shape, or mechanics. Conversely, these activities and properties can also regulate differentiation itself. Membrane trafficking is known to modulate signal transduction and thus has the potential to control stem cell differentiation. On the other hand, membrane trafficking, particularly from and to the plasma membrane, depends on the mechanical properties of the cell surface such as tension within the plasma membrane or the cortex. Indeed, recent findings demonstrate that cell surface mechanics can also control cell fate. Here, we review the bidirectional relationships between these three fundamental cellular functions, i.e. membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, we discuss commonly used methods in each field and how combining them with new tools will enhance our understanding of their interplay. Understanding how membrane trafficking and cell surface mechanics can guide stem cell fate holds great potential as these concepts could be exploited for directed differentiation of stem cells for the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Li
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Vikas Trivedi
- EMBL, PRBB, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain,Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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