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Deolal P, Scholz J, Ren K, Bragulat-Teixidor H, Otsuka S. Sculpting nuclear envelope identity from the endoplasmic reticulum during the cell cycle. Nucleus 2024; 15:2299632. [PMID: 38238284 PMCID: PMC10802211 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2299632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) regulates nuclear functions, including transcription, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and protein quality control. While the outer membrane of the NE is directly continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the NE has an overall distinct protein composition from the ER, which is crucial for its functions. During open mitosis in higher eukaryotes, the NE disassembles during mitotic entry and then reforms as a functional territory at the end of mitosis to reestablish nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization. In this review, we examine the known mechanisms by which the functional NE reconstitutes from the mitotic ER in the continuous ER-NE endomembrane system during open mitosis. Furthermore, based on recent findings indicating that the NE possesses unique lipid metabolism and quality control mechanisms distinct from those of the ER, we explore the maintenance of NE identity and homeostasis during interphase. We also highlight the potential significance of membrane junctions between the ER and NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deolal
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Scholz
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaike Ren
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helena Bragulat-Teixidor
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Lin X, Zou Z, Zhong J, Wang T, Ma W, Hu T, Sun W, Xu Y, Eggermont AMM, Chen Y. The Role of CDCA2 in tumor genesis, prognosis and future treatments. Eur J Cancer 2024; 211:114308. [PMID: 39288736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The Cell Division Cycle Associated 2 (CDCA2) gene is responsible for encoding a targeting subunit of cell-cycle associated protein. CDCA2 plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including chromosome segregation and decondensation, nuclear envelope reassembly, microtubule assembly, and DNA damage response. Additionally, CDCA2 is involved in multiple signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt pathway and p53 pathway. Undoubtedly, there exists a strong association between CDCA2 and cancer. Numerous studies have reported that elevated levels of CDCA2 are correlated with poor prognosis and several clinicopathological characteristics like tumor size and TNM stage across different types of cancer. Therefore, CDCA2 holds great potential as both a biomarker for diagnosis and a therapeutic target for interventions such as targeted therapies or immunotherapy. Given its promising prospects in scientific research and clinical applications, it is imperative for researchers to delve into the underlying mechanisms of CDCA2 and explore its utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Zou
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqin Zhong
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- University Medical Center Utrecht & Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Center München, Technical University München & Ludwig Maximilian University, München, Germany
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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Saik NO, Ptak C, Rehman S, Aitchison JD, Montpetit B, Wozniak RW. SUMOylation at the inner nuclear membrane facilitates nuclear envelope biogenesis during mitosis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208137. [PMID: 37398994 PMCID: PMC10318406 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As eukaryotic cells progress through cell division, the nuclear envelope (NE) membrane must expand to accommodate the formation of progeny nuclei. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, closed mitosis allows visualization of NE biogenesis during mitosis. During this period, the SUMO E3 ligase Siz2 binds the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and initiates a wave of INM protein SUMOylation. Here, we show these events increase INM levels of phosphatidic acid (PA), an intermediate of phospholipid biogenesis, and are necessary for normal mitotic NE membrane expansion. The increase in INM PA is driven by the Siz2-mediated inhibition of the PA phosphatase Pah1. During mitosis, this results from the binding of Siz2 to the INM and dissociation of Spo7 and Nem1, a complex required for the activation of Pah1. As cells enter interphase, the process is then reversed by the deSUMOylase Ulp1. This work further establishes a central role for temporally controlled INM SUMOylation in coordinating processes, including membrane expansion, that regulate NE biogenesis during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha O. Saik
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Ptak
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saif Rehman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ben Montpetit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard W. Wozniak
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Moreno-Andrés D, Holl K, Antonin W. The second half of mitosis and its implications in cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:1-17. [PMID: 36436712 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus undergoes dramatic structural and functional changes during cell division. With the entry into mitosis, in human cells the nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes rearrange into rod-like structures which are collected and segregated by the spindle apparatus. While these processes in the first half of mitosis have been intensively studied, much less is known about the second half of mitosis, when a functional nucleus reforms in each of the emerging cells. Here we review our current understanding of mitotic exit and nuclear reformation with spotlights on the links to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kristin Holl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Archambault V, Li J, Emond-Fraser V, Larouche M. Dephosphorylation in nuclear reassembly after mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1012768. [PMID: 36268509 PMCID: PMC9576876 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1012768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most animal cell types, the interphase nucleus is largely disassembled during mitotic entry. The nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes are compacted into separated masses. Chromatin organization is also mostly lost and kinetochores assemble on centromeres. Mitotic protein kinases play several roles in inducing these transformations by phosphorylating multiple effector proteins. In many of these events, the mechanistic consequences of phosphorylation have been characterized. In comparison, how the nucleus reassembles at the end of mitosis is less well understood in mechanistic terms. In recent years, much progress has been made in deciphering how dephosphorylation of several effector proteins promotes nuclear envelope reassembly, chromosome decondensation, kinetochore disassembly and interphase chromatin organization. The precise roles of protein phosphatases in this process, in particular of the PP1 and PP2A groups, are emerging. Moreover, how these enzymes are temporally and spatially regulated to ensure that nuclear reassembly progresses in a coordinated manner has been partly uncovered. This review provides a global view of nuclear reassembly with a focus on the roles of dephosphorylation events. It also identifies important open questions and proposes hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Archambault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Vincent Archambault,
| | - Jingjing Li
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Emond-Fraser
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Myreille Larouche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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6
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Huguet F, Gokhan E, Foster HA, Amin HA, Vagnarelli P. Repo-Man/protein phosphatase 1 SUMOylation mediates binding to lamin A and serine 22 dephosphorylation. Open Biol 2022; 12:220017. [PMID: 35414260 PMCID: PMC9006038 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation is an important process during cells division as it allows for nuclear envelope (NE) disassembly at mitotic entry and its re-assembly during mitotic exit. Several kinases have been identified as responsible for these phosphorylations, but no protein phosphatase has been implicated in their reversal. One of the mitotic phosphosites in lamin A responsible for its dynamic behaviour is serine 22 (S22) which is de-phosphorylated during mitotic exit. Recent evidence has also linked the nuclear pool of lamin A S22ph in interphase to gene expression regulation. Previous work suggested that the phosphatase responsible for lamin A S22 de-phosphorylation is chromatin bound and interacts with lamin A via SUMO-SIM motives. We have previously reported that Repo-Man/protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a chromatin-associated phosphatase that regulates NE reformation. Here we propose that Repo-Man/PP1 phosphatase mediates lamin A S22 de-phosphorylation. We indeed show that depletion of Repo-Man leads to NE defects, causes hyperphosphorylation of lamin A S22 that can be rescued by a wild-type but not a SUMOylation-deficient mutant. Lamin A and Repo-Man interact in vivo and in vitro, and the interaction is mediated by SUMOylation. Moreover, the localization of Repo-Man/PP1 to the chromatin is essential for lamin A S22 de-phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Huguet
- College of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Brunel University London, Centre for Genomic Engineering and Maintenance (CenGem), London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Ezgi Gokhan
- College of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Brunel University London, Centre for Genomic Engineering and Maintenance (CenGem), London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Helen A. Foster
- Biosciences, Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfiled, UK
| | - Hasnat A. Amin
- College of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Brunel University London, Centre for Genomic Engineering and Maintenance (CenGem), London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Brunel University London, Centre for Genomic Engineering and Maintenance (CenGem), London UB8 3PH, UK
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