1
|
Oikonomou P, Calvary L, Cirne HC, Welch AE, Durel JF, Powell O, Nerurkar NL. Application of tissue-scale tension to avian epithelia in vivo to study multiscale mechanical properties and inter-germ layer coupling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588089. [PMID: 38617324 PMCID: PMC11014599 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
As cross-disciplinary approaches drawing from physics and mechanics have increasingly influenced our understanding of morphogenesis, the tools available to measure and perturb physical aspects of embryonic development have expanded as well. However, it remains a challenge to measure mechanical properties and apply exogenous tissue-scale forces in vivo, particularly for epithelia. Exploiting the size and accessibility of the developing chick embryo, here we describe a simple technique to quantitatively apply exogenous forces on the order of ~1-100 μN to the endodermal epithelium. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we performed a series of proof-of-concept experiments that reveal fundamental and unexpected mechanical behaviors in the early chick embryo, including mechanotype heterogeneity among cells of the midgut endoderm, complex non-cell autonomous effects of actin disruption, and a high degree of mechanical coupling between the endoderm and adjacent paraxial mesoderm. To illustrate the broader utility of this method, we determined that forces on the order of ~ 10 μN are sufficient to unzip the neural tube during primary neurulation. Together, these findings provide basic insights into the mechanics of embryonic epithelia in vivo in the early avian embryo, and provide a useful tool for future investigations of how morphogenesis is influenced by mechanical factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Calvary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Helena C. Cirne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Andreas E. Welch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - John F. Durel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Olivia Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| | - Nandan L. Nerurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York NY 10027
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loffet EA, Durel JF, Nerurkar NL. Evo-Devo Mechanobiology: The Missing Link. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1455-1473. [PMID: 37193661 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While the modern framework of evolutionary development (evo-devo) has been decidedly genetic, historic analyses have also considered the importance of mechanics in the evolution of form. With the aid of recent technological advancements in both quantifying and perturbing changes in the molecular and mechanical effectors of organismal shape, how molecular and genetic cues regulate the biophysical aspects of morphogenesis is becoming increasingly well studied. As a result, this is an opportune time to consider how the tissue-scale mechanics that underlie morphogenesis are acted upon through evolution to establish morphological diversity. Such a focus will enable a field of evo-devo mechanobiology that will serve to better elucidate the opaque relations between genes and forms by articulating intermediary physical mechanisms. Here, we review how the evolution of shape is measured and related to genetics, how recent strides have been made in the dissection of developmental tissue mechanics, and how we expect these areas to coalesce in evo-devo studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Loffet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John F Durel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nandan L Nerurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Donnaloja F, Raimondi MT, Messa L, Barzaghini B, Carnevali F, Colombo E, Mazza D, Martinelli C, Boeri L, Rey F, Cereda C, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Carelli S, Soncini M, Jacchetti E. 3D photopolymerized microstructured scaffolds influence nuclear deformation, nucleo/cytoskeletal protein organization, and gene regulation in mesenchymal stem cells. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036112. [PMID: 37692376 PMCID: PMC10491463 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli from the extracellular environment affect cell morphology and functionality. Recently, we reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) grown in a custom-made 3D microscaffold, the Nichoid, are able to express higher levels of stemness markers. In fact, the Nichoid is an interesting device for autologous MSC expansion in clinical translation and would appear to regulate gene activity by altering intracellular force transmission. To corroborate this hypothesis, we investigated mechanotransduction-related nuclear mechanisms, and we also treated spread cells with a drug that destroys the actin cytoskeleton. We observed a roundish nuclear shape in MSCs cultured in the Nichoid and correlated the nuclear curvature with the import of transcription factors. We observed a more homogeneous euchromatin distribution in cells cultured in the Nichoid with respect to the Flat sample, corresponding to a standard glass coverslip. These results suggest a different gene regulation, which we confirmed by an RNA-seq analysis that revealed the dysregulation of 1843 genes. We also observed a low structured lamina mesh, which, according to the implemented molecular dynamic simulations, indicates reduced damping activity, thus supporting the hypothesis of low intracellular force transmission. Also, our investigations regarding lamin expression and spatial organization support the hypothesis that the gene dysregulation induced by the Nichoid is mainly related to a reduction in force transmission. In conclusion, our findings revealing the Nichoid's effects on MSC behavior is a step forward in the control of stem cells via mechanical manipulation, thus paving the way to new strategies for MSC translation to clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Donnaloja
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bianca Barzaghini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Carnevali
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Davide Mazza
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Centro di Imaging Sperimentale, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Boeri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rey
- Pediatric Research Center “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomic and Rare Diseases, “V. Buzzi” Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies—CNR, and Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies—CNR, and Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Monica Soncini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bordoni B, Escher AR, Girgenti GT. Peritoneal Adhesions in Osteopathic Medicine: Theory, Part 1. Cureus 2023; 15:e42472. [PMID: 37502471 PMCID: PMC10369357 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions form as a result of trauma to the abdomen, injuries resulting from surgery, and infections. These tissutal neoformations are innervated and vascularized, and with lymphatic vessels, adherence becomes a new and independent structure, capable of negatively influencing visceral functions. Adherent neogenesis can be asymptomatic or can be a source of pain, limiting the patient's quality of life. Although adhesiolysis remains the elective approach to eliminate adhesions, this therapeutic route prepares the peritoneal anatomical area to recur. The article reviews information on adhesion formation and peritoneal anatomy, probable subjective predispositions, and pathways that carry nociception. The text aims to be a theoretical basis for making new treatment suggestions for non-invasive osteopathic medicine, through a second part will be discussed in another article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, ITA
| | - Allan R Escher
- Anesthesiology/Pain Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| | - Gregory T Girgenti
- Anesthesiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fagotto F. Getting reshaped by the building of your substrate: Extracellular matrix assembly joins the morphogenesis toolkit. Dev Cell 2023; 58:823-824. [PMID: 37220739 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Serna-Morales et al. show evidence that autonomous assembly of the extracellular matrix drives remodeling of the Drosophila embryonic nervous system. This finding is consistent with the notion that self-assembly of the matrix generates stress that can be exploited by morphogenetic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Fagotto
- CRBM, University of Montpellier and CNRS, UMR5237, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|