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Bastianello G, Kidiyoor GR, Lowndes C, Li Q, Bonnal R, Godwin J, Iannelli F, Drufuca L, Bason R, Orsenigo F, Parazzoli D, Pavani M, Cancila V, Piccolo S, Scita G, Ciliberto A, Tripodo C, Pagani M, Foiani M. Mechanical stress during confined migration causes aberrant mitoses and c-MYC amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404551121. [PMID: 38990945 PMCID: PMC11260125 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404551121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Confined cell migration hampers genome integrity and activates the ATR and ATM mechano-transduction pathways. We investigated whether the mechanical stress generated by metastatic interstitial migration contributes to the enhanced chromosomal instability observed in metastatic tumor cells. We employed live cell imaging, micro-fluidic approaches, and scRNA-seq to follow the fate of tumor cells experiencing confined migration. We found that, despite functional ATR, ATM, and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) pathways, tumor cells dividing across constriction frequently exhibited altered spindle pole organization, chromosome mis-segregations, micronuclei formation, chromosome fragility, high gene copy number variation, and transcriptional de-regulation and up-regulation of c-MYC oncogenic transcriptional signature via c-MYC locus amplifications. In vivo tumor settings showed that malignant cells populating metastatic foci or infiltrating the interstitial stroma gave rise to cells expressing high levels of c-MYC. Altogether, our data suggest that mechanical stress during metastatic migration contributes to override the checkpoint controls and boosts genotoxic and oncogenic events. Our findings may explain why cancer aneuploidy often does not correlate with mutations in SAC genes and why c-MYC amplification is strongly linked to metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bastianello
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Gururaj Rao Kidiyoor
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Conor Lowndes
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Qingsen Li
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Raoul Bonnal
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Godwin
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | | | - Ramona Bason
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Orsenigo
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Dario Parazzoli
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Mattia Pavani
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo90133, Italy
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua35123, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciliberto
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo90133, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pagani
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan20122, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Istituto Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro di Oncologia molecolare—the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano20139, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Centro Nazionale Ricerca, Pavia27100, Italy
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore117599, Singapore
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Mistriotis P, Wisniewski EO, Si BR, Kalab P, Konstantopoulos K. Coordinated in confined migration: crosstalk between the nucleus and ion channel-mediated mechanosensation. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00001-1. [PMID: 38290913 PMCID: PMC11284253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cell surface and intracellular mechanosensors enable cells to perceive different geometric, topographical, and physical cues. Mechanosensitive ion channels (MICs) localized at the cell surface and on the nuclear envelope (NE) are among the first to sense and transduce these signals. Beyond compartmentalizing the genome of the cell and its transcription, the nucleus also serves as a mechanical gauge of different physical and topographical features of the tissue microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the intricate mechanisms by which the nucleus and different ion channels regulate cell migration in confinement. We review evidence suggesting an interplay between macromolecular nuclear-cytoplasmic transport (NCT) and ionic transport across the cell membrane during confined migration. We also discuss the roles of the nucleus and ion channel-mediated mechanosensation, whether acting independently or in tandem, in orchestrating migratory mechanoresponses. Understanding nuclear and ion channel sensing, and their crosstalk, is critical to advancing our knowledge of cell migration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily O Wisniewski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bishwa R Si
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Tobin MP, Pfeifer CR, Zhu PK, Hayes BH, Wang M, Vashisth M, Xia Y, Phan SH, Belt SA, Irianto J, Discher DE. Differences in cell shape, motility, and growth reflect chromosomal number variations that can be visualized with live-cell ChReporters. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br19. [PMID: 37903225 PMCID: PMC10848937 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome numbers often change dynamically in tumors and cultured cells, which complicates therapy as well as understanding genotype-mechanotype relationships. Here we use a live-cell "ChReporter" method to identify cells with a single chromosomal loss in efforts to better understand differences in cell shape, motility, and growth. We focus on a standard cancer line and first show clonal populations that retain the ChReporter exhibit large differences in cell and nuclear morphology as well as motility. Phenotype metrics follow simple rules, including migratory persistence scaling with speed, and cytoskeletal differences are evident from drug responses, imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing. However, mechanotype-genotype relationships between fluorescent ChReporter-positive clones proved complex and motivated comparisons of clones that differ only in loss or retention of a Chromosome-5 ChReporter. When lost, fluorescence-null cells show low expression of Chromosome-5 genes, including a key tumor suppressor APC that regulates microtubules and proliferation. Colonies are compact, nuclei are rounded, and cells proliferate more, with drug results implicating APC, and patient survival data indicating an association in multiple tumor-types. Visual identification of genotype with ChReporters can thus help clarify mechanotype and mechano-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Tobin
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | | | - Brandon H. Hayes
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mai Wang
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuntao Xia
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Steven H. Phan
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Susanna A. Belt
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Mol. Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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