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Cienfuegos IA, Ciotti BJ, Billington RA, Sutton PA, Lamarre SG, Fraser KPP. Life in the margins: the effect of immersion/emersion and tidal cycle on the North Atlantic limpet Patella vulgata protein synthesis rates. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:779-792. [PMID: 39261359 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Biological processes in intertidal species follow tidal rhythms that enhance survival and fitness. Whereas tidal effects on behaviour and metabolic rates have been widely studied, impacts on other key process such as protein synthesis are still poorly understood. To date, no studies have examined the effect of immersion/emersion and tidal cycles on protein synthesis rates (ks). Patella vulgata is an intertidal limpet present in North-Eastern Atlantic rocky shores from high to low shore. Previously reported P. vulgata respiration and heart rate measurements suggest aerobic metabolism is maintained during emersion and growth rates increase from high to low shore, but whether these patterns are reflected in ks is currently unclear. Here, we measured for the first time in any intertidal organism, ks, RNA to protein ratios and RNA translational efficiency (kRNA) in P. vulgata over a full tidal cycle, at three different shore heights. ks increased during emersion (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in low shore animals compared to the other shore heights (p < 0.001), additionally ks was negatively correlated to body mass (p = 0.002). RNA to protein ratios remained unchanged over the tidal cycle (p = 0.659) and did not vary with shore height (p = 0.591). kRNA was significantly higher during emersion and was also higher in low shore limpets (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that P. vulgata increases ks during emersion, an important adaptation in a species that spends a considerable amount of its lifecycle emersed. Intertidal species are highly exposed to increasing air temperatures, making knowledge of physiological responses during emersion critical in understanding and forecasting climate warming impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A Cienfuegos
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Benjamin J Ciotti
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Richard A Billington
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Paul A Sutton
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Simon G Lamarre
- Département de Biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Keiron P P Fraser
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Fraser KPP, Peck LS, Clark MS, Clarke A. A comparative study of tissue protein synthesis rates in an Antarctic, Harpagifer antarcticus and a temperate, Lipophrys pholis teleost. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 295:111650. [PMID: 38718893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The affect of temperature on tissue protein synthesis rates has been reported in temperate and tropical, but not Antarctic fishes. Previous studies have generally demonstrated low growth rates in Antarctic fish species in comparison to temperate relatives and elevated levels of protein turnover. This study investigates how low temperatures effect tissue protein synthesis and hence tissue growth in a polar fish species. Groups of Antarctic, Harpagifer antarcticus and temperate, Lipophrys pholis, were acclimated to a range of overlapping water temperatures and protein synthesis was measure in white muscle (WM), liver and gastrointestinal tract (GIT). WM protein synthesis rates increased linearly with temperature in both species (H. antarcticus 0.16-0.23%.d-1, L. pholis, 0.31-0.76%.d-1), while liver (H. antarcticus 0.24-0.27%.d-1, L. pholis, 0.44-1.03%.d-1) and GIT were unaffected by temperature in H. antarcticus but increased non-linearly in L.pholis (H. antarcticus 0.22-0.26%.d-1, L. pholis, 0.40-0.86%.d-1). RNA to protein ratios were unaffected by temperature in H. antarcticus but increased weakly, in L.pholis WM and liver. In L.pholis, RNA translational efficiency increased significantly with temperature in all tissues, but only in liver in H. antarcticus. At the overlapping temperature of 3 °C, protein synthesis (WM 26%, Liver, 39%, GIT, 35%) and RNA translational efficiency (WM 273%, Liver, 271%, GIT, 300%) were significantly lower in H. antarcticus than L.pholis, while RNA to protein ratios were significantly higher (WM 270%, Liver 170%, GIT 186%). Tissue specific effects of temperature are detectable in both species. This study provides the first evidence, that tissue protein synthesis rates are constrained in Antarctic fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiron P P Fraser
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK; University of Plymouth, Marine Station, Artillery Place, Coxside, Plymouth PL4 0LU, UK.
| | - Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Andrew Clarke
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
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Yao S, Li S, Zhan Y, Wan C. Proteome-wide analysis of stress response to temperature in Sulfolobus islandicus. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104681. [PMID: 35842219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfolobus islandicus is thermophilic archaea that live in an extreme environment of 75 °C-80 °C and pH 2-3. Currently, the molecular mechanism of archaeal adaptation to high temperatures and the stability of proteins at high temperatures are still unclear. This study utilizes proteomics to analyze the differential expression of S. islandicus proteins at different temperatures. We found that ribosomes, glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, RNA metabolism, transport system, and sulfur metabolism are all affected by temperature. Methylation modification of some proteins changed with temperature. Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) was used to analyze the thermal stability of proteins under 65 °C-85 °C growth conditions. It is suggested that the Tm values of proteins are mainly distributed around the optimum growth temperature (OGT). The proteins in the glycolysis pathway had high thermal stability. Meanwhile, proteins related to DNA replication and translation showed low thermal stability. The protein thermal stability of S. islandicus cultured under 65 °C and 85 °C was higher than that of 75 °C. Our study reveals that S. islandicus may adapt to temperature changes by regulating protein synthesis and carbon metabolism pathways, changing post-translational modifications, and improving protein stability at the same time. SIGNIFICANCE: The molecular mechanism of archaeal adaptation to high temperatures and the stability of proteins at high temperatures are still unclear. Our proteomics study identified 477 differentially expressed proteins of S. islandicus at different temperatures, suggesting that ribosomes, glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, RNA metabolism, transport system, and sulfur metabolism are affected by temperature. Meanwhile, we found that methylation modification of some proteins changed with temperature. To evaluate the thermal stability of the proteome, we performed thermal proteome profiling to analyze the Tm of proteins under 65 °C-85 °C growth conditions. Tm values of proteins are mainly distributed around the optimum growth temperature. The proteins in the glycolysis pathway had high thermal stability. Meanwhile, proteins related to DNA replication and translation showed low thermal stability. Our study reveals that S. islandicus may adapt to temperature changes by regulating protein synthesis and carbon metabolism pathways, changing post-translational modifications, and improving protein stability at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Sige Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyue Zhan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Fraser KPP, Peck LS, Clark MS, Clarke A, Hill SL. Life in the freezer: protein metabolism in Antarctic fish. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211272. [PMID: 35291327 PMCID: PMC8905173 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Whole-animal, in vivo protein metabolism rates have been reported in temperate and tropical, but not Antarctic fish. Growth in Antarctic species is generally slower than lower latitude species. Protein metabolism data for Antarctic invertebrates show low rates of protein synthesis and unusually high rates of protein degradation. Additionally, in Antarctic fish, increasing evidence suggests a lower frequency of successful folding of nascent proteins and reduced protein stability. This study reports the first whole-animal protein metabolism data for an Antarctic fish. Groups of Antarctic, Harpagifer antarcticus, and temperate, Lipophrys pholis, fish were acclimatized to a range of overlapping water temperatures and food consumption, whole-animal growth and protein metabolism measured. The rates of protein synthesis and growth in Antarctic, but not temperate fish, were relatively insensitive to temperature and were significantly lower in H. antarcticus at 3°C than in L. pholis. Protein degradation was independent of temperature in H. antarcticus and not significantly different to L. pholis at 3°C, while protein synthesis retention efficiency was significantly higher in L. pholis than H. antarcticus at 3°C. These results suggest Antarctic fish degrade a significantly larger proportion of synthesized protein than temperate fish, with fundamental energetic implications for growth at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiron P. P. Fraser
- Marine Station, University of Plymouth, Artillery Place, Coxside, Plymouth PL4 OLU, UK
| | - Lloyd S. Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Melody S. Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Andrew Clarke
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Simeon L. Hill
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
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López-Farrán Z, Guillaumot C, Vargas-Chacoff L, Paschke K, Dulière V, Danis B, Poulin E, Saucède T, Waters J, Gérard K. Is the southern crab Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775) the next invader of Antarctica? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3487-3504. [PMID: 33964095 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential for biological colonization of Antarctic shores is an increasingly important topic in the context of anthropogenic warming. Successful Antarctic invasions to date have been recorded exclusively from terrestrial habitats. While non-native marine species such as crabs, mussels and tunicates have already been reported from Antarctic coasts, none have as yet established there. Among the potential marine invaders of Antarctic shallow waters is Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775), a crab with a circum-Subantarctic distribution and substantial larval dispersal capacity. An ovigerous female of this species was found in shallow waters of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands in 2010. A combination of physiological experiments and ecological modelling was used to assess the potential niche of H. planatus and estimate its future southward boundaries under climate change scenarios. We show that H. planatus has a minimum thermal limit of 1°C, and that its current distribution (assessed by sampling and niche modelling) is physiologically restricted to the Subantarctic region. While this species is presently unable to survive in Antarctica, future warming under both 'strong mitigation' and 'no mitigation' greenhouse gas emission scenarios will favour its niche expansion to the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) by 2100. Future human activity also has potential to increase the probability of anthropogenic translocation of this species into Antarctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zambra López-Farrán
- LEM-Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (Fondap-IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- LEMAS-Laboratorio de Ecología de Macroalgas Antárticas y Sub antárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Charlène Guillaumot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine CP160/15, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (Fondap-IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología de Peces, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (Fondap-IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Valérie Dulière
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Danis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine CP160/15, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Elie Poulin
- LEM-Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jonathan Waters
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karin Gérard
- LEMAS-Laboratorio de Ecología de Macroalgas Antárticas y Sub antárticas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Gaia-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Guillaumot C, Saucède T, Morley SA, Augustine S, Danis B, Kooijman S. Can DEB models infer metabolic differences between intertidal and subtidal morphotypes of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)? Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Giordano D, Boubeta FM, di Prisco G, Estrin DA, Smulevich G, Viappiani C, Verde C. Conformational Flexibility Drives Cold Adaptation in Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 Globins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:396-411. [PMID: 31578873 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Temperature is one of the most important drivers in shaping protein adaptations. Many biochemical and physiological processes are influenced by temperature. Proteins and enzymes from organisms living at low temperature are less stable in comparison to high-temperature adapted proteins. The lower stability is generally due to greater conformational flexibility. Recent Advances: Adaptive changes in the structure of cold-adapted proteins may occur at subunit interfaces, distant from the active site, thus producing energy changes associated with conformational transitions transmitted to the active site by allosteric modulation, valid also for monomeric proteins in which tertiary structural changes may play an essential role. Critical Issues: Despite efforts, the current experimental and computational methods still fail to produce general principles on protein evolution, since many changes are protein and species dependent. Environmental constraints or other biological cellular signals may override the ancestral information included in the structure of the protein, thus introducing inaccuracy in estimates and predictions on the evolutionary adaptations of proteins in response to cold adaptation. Future Directions: In this review, we describe the studies and approaches used to investigate stability and flexibility in the cold-adapted globins of the Antarctic marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. In fact, future research directions will be prescient on more detailed investigation of cold-adapted proteins and the role of fluctuations between different conformational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giordano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fernando Martín Boubeta
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido di Prisco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dario A Estrin
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), CNR, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
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8
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Lomovasky BJ, de Aranzamendi MC, Abele D. Shorter but thicker: analysis of internal growth bands in shells of intertidal vs. subtidal Antarctic limpets, Nacella concinna, reflects their environmental adaptation. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02615-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Souster TA, Morley SA, Peck LS. Seasonality of oxygen consumption in five common Antarctic benthic marine invertebrates. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Comparison of whole animal costs of protein synthesis among polar and temperate populations of the same species of gammarid amphipod. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 207:100-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Garbuz DG, Evgen’ev MB. The evolution of heat shock genes and expression patterns of heat shock proteins in the species from temperature contrasting habitats. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Peck LS, Heiser S, Clark MS. Very slow embryonic and larval development in the Antarctic limpet Nacella polaris. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-1894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Peck LS. A Cold Limit to Adaptation in the Sea. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 31:13-26. [PMID: 26552514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Temperature affects biological functions by altering reaction rates. Physiological rates usually double to treble for every 10 °C rise, and 1-4 fold encompasses normal biological functions. However, in polar marine species inhabiting temperatures around 0 °C many processes are slowed beyond the Arrhenius relationships for warmer water species. Growth, embryonic development, Specific dynamic action (SDA) duration, and time to acclimate to altered temperature, are all 5-12 fold slower in species living near 0 °C than at 10 °C. This cold marine physiological transition to slower states is absent, however, in oxygen consumption and SDA factorial scope; processes where capacity is related to aerobic scope. My opinion is that processes involving significant protein modification are impacted, and protein synthesis or folding problems cause the slowing of rates beyond expected temperature effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
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14
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McCarthy ID, Nicholls R, Malham SK, Whiteley NM. Validation of the flooding dose technique to determine fractional rates of protein synthesis in a model bivalve species, the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 191:166-173. [PMID: 26497279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, use of the flooding dose technique using (3)H-Phenylalanine is validated for measuring whole-animal and tissue-specific rates of protein synthesis in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (61mm shell length; 4.0g fresh body mass). Following injection, the phenylalanine-specific radioactivities in the gill, mantle and whole-animal free pools were elevated within one hour and remained elevated and stable for up to 6h following injection of (3)H-phenylalanine into the posterior adductor muscle. Incorporation of (3)H-phenylalanine into body protein was linear over time following injection and the non-significant intercepts for the regressions suggested incorporation into body protein occurred rapidly after injection. These results validate the technique for measuring rates of protein synthesis in mussels. There were no differences in the calculated rates following 1-6h incubation in gill, mantle or whole-animal and fractional rates of protein synthesis from the combined time course data were 9.5±0.8%d(-1) for the gill, 2.5±0.3%d(-1) for the mantle and 2.6±0.3%d(-1) for the whole-animal, respectively (mean values±SEM). The whole-animal absolute rate of protein synthesis was calculated as 18.9±0.6mg protein day(-1). The use of this technique in measuring one of the major components of maintenance metabolism and growth will provide a valuable and convenient tool in furthering our understanding of the protein metabolism and energetics of this keystone marine invertebrate and its ability to adjust and respond to fluctuations, such as that expected as a result of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK; Laboratorio de Manejo, Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Cidade Universitária, 05508-120 São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Ruth Nicholls
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Shelagh K Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Nia M Whiteley
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
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15
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16
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Brown KE, King CK, Harrison PL. Reproduction, growth and early life history of the Antarctic gammarid amphipod Paramoera walkeri. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Karamushko LI. Growth, production, metabolism, and adaptations of high-latitude marine fish. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2014; 455:116-118. [PMID: 24795186 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496614020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L I Karamushko
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Murmansk, Russia,
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18
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Hardy KM, Burnett KG, Burnett LE. Effect of hypercapnic hypoxia and bacterial infection (Vibrio campbellii) on protein synthesis rates in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1356-66. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00519.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estuarine species frequently encounter areas of simultaneously low dissolved O2(hypoxia) and high CO2(hypercapnia). Organisms exposed to hypoxia experience a metabolic depression that serves to decrease ATP utilization and O2demand during stress. This downregulation is typically facilitated by a reduction in protein synthesis, a process that can be responsible for up to 60% of basal metabolism. The added effects of hypercapnia, however, are unclear. Certain decapods also exhibit a metabolic depression in response to bacterial challenges, leading us to hypothesize that protein synthesis may also be reduced during infection. In the present study, we examined the effects of hypoxia (H), hypercapnic hypoxia (HH), and bacterial infection ( Vibrio campbellii) on tissue-specific (muscle and hepatopancreas) fractional protein synthesis rates ( ks) in Litopenaeus vannamei. We observed a significant decrease in ksin muscle after 24 h exposure to both H and HH, and in hepatopancreas after 24 h exposure to HH. Thus ksis responsive to changes in O2, and the combined effect of hypercapnic hypoxia on ksis more severe than hypoxia alone. These reductions in ksappear to be driven by changes in RNA translational efficiency ( kRNA), and not RNA capacity ( Cs). Bacterial infection, however, had no significant effect on ksin either tissue. These results suggest that crustaceans reduce metabolic demand during environmental hypoxia by reducing global protein synthesis, and that this effect is magnified when hypercapnia is concomitantly present. Conversely, an immune-mediated metabolic depression is not associated with a decrease in overall protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Hardy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Karen G. Burnett
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Louis E. Burnett
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
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Rastrick SPS, Whiteley NM. Influence of natural thermal gradients on whole animal rates of protein synthesis in marine gammarid amphipods. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60050. [PMID: 23544122 PMCID: PMC3609777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although temperature is known to have an important effect on protein synthesis rates and growth in aquatic ectotherms held in the laboratory, little is known about the effects of thermal gradients on natural populations in the field. To address this issue we determined whole-animal fractional rates of protein synthesis (ks ) in four dominant species of gammarid amphipods with different distributions along the coasts of Western Europe from arctic to temperate latitudes. Up to three populations of each species were collected in the summer and ks measured within 48 h. Summer ks values were relatively high in the temperate species, Gammarus locusta, from Portugal (48°N) and Wales (53°N) and were maintained across latitudes by the conservation of translational efficiency. In sharp contrast, summer ks remained remarkably low in the boreal/temperate species G. duebeni from Wales, Scotland (58°N) and Tromsø (70°N), probably as a temporary energy saving strategy to ensure survival in rapidly fluctuating environments of the high intertidal. Values for ks increased in acclimated G. duebeni from Scotland and Tromsø showing a lack of compensation with latitude. In the subarctic/boreal species, G. oceanicus, summer ks remained unchanged in Scotland and Tromsø but fell significantly in Svalbard (79°N) at 5°C, despite a slight increase in RNA content. At 79°N, mean ks was 4.5 times higher in the circumpolar species G. setosus than in G. oceanicus due to a doubling in RNA content. The relationship between whole-animal protein synthesis rates and natural thermal gradients is complex, varies between species and appears to be associated with local temperatures and their variability, as well as changes in other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P S Rastrick
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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Hou R, Bao Z, Wang S, Su H, Li Y, Du H, Hu J, Wang S, Hu X. Transcriptome sequencing and de novo analysis for Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) using 454 GS FLX. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21560. [PMID: 21720557 PMCID: PMC3123371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bivalves comprise 30,000 extant species, constituting the second largest group of mollusks. However, limited genetic research has focused on this group of animals so far, which is, in part, due to the lack of genomic resources. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies enables generation of genomic resources in a short time and at a minimal cost, and therefore provides a turning point for bivalve research. In the present study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing to first produce a comprehensive expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset for the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). RESULTS In a single 454 sequencing run, 805,330 reads were produced and then assembled into 32,590 contigs, with about six-fold sequencing coverage. A total of 25,237 unique protein-coding genes were identified from a variety of developmental stages and adult tissues based on sequence similarities with known proteins. As determined by GO annotation and KEGG pathway mapping, functional annotation of the unigenes recovered diverse biological functions and processes. Transcripts putatively involved in growth, reproduction and stress/immune-response were identified. More than 49,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2,700 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also detected. CONCLUSION Our data provide the most comprehensive transcriptomic resource currently available for P. yessoensis. Candidate genes potentially involved in growth, reproduction, and stress/immunity-response were identified, and are worthy of further investigation. A large number of SNPs and SSRs were also identified and ready for marker development. This resource should lay an important foundation for future genetic or genomic studies on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailin Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huixia Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SW); (XH)
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB), Ministry of Education, College of Marine Life Sciences. Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (SW); (XH)
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Clark MS, Thorne MAS, Toullec JY, Meng Y, Guan LL, Peck LS, Moore S. Antarctic krill 454 pyrosequencing reveals chaperone and stress transcriptome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15919. [PMID: 21253607 PMCID: PMC3017093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is a keystone species in the Antarctic food chain. Not only is it a significant grazer of phytoplankton, but it is also a major food item for charismatic megafauna such as whales and seals and an important Southern Ocean fisheries crop. Ecological data suggest that this species is being affected by climate change and this will have considerable consequences for the balance of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Hence, understanding how this organism functions is a priority area and will provide fundamental data for life history studies, energy budget calculations and food web models. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The assembly of the 454 transcriptome of E. superba resulted in 22,177 contigs with an average size of 492bp (ranging between 137 and 8515bp). In depth analysis of the data revealed an extensive catalogue of the cellular chaperone systems and the major antioxidant proteins. Full length sequences were characterised for the chaperones HSP70, HSP90 and the super-oxide dismutase antioxidants, with the discovery of potentially novel duplications of these genes. The sequence data contained 41,470 microsatellites and 17,776 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs/INDELS), providing a resource for population and also gene function studies. CONCLUSIONS This paper details the first 454 generated data for a pelagic Antarctic species or any pelagic crustacean globally. The classical "stress proteins", such as HSP70, HSP90, ferritin and GST were all highly expressed. These genes were shown to be over expressed in the transcriptomes of Antarctic notothenioid fish and hypothesized as adaptations to living in the cold, with the associated problems of decreased protein folding efficiency and increased vulnerability to damage by reactive oxygen species. Hence, these data will provide a major resource for future physiological work on krill, but in particular a suite of "stress" genes for studies understanding marine ectotherms' capacities to cope with environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Clark MS, Thorne MA, Vieira FA, Cardoso JC, Power DM, Peck LS. Insights into shell deposition in the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica: gene discovery in the mantle transcriptome using 454 pyrosequencing. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:362. [PMID: 20529341 PMCID: PMC2896379 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Antarctic clam, Laternula elliptica, is an infaunal stenothermal bivalve mollusc with a circumpolar distribution. It plays a significant role in bentho-pelagic coupling and hence has been proposed as a sentinel species for climate change monitoring. Previous studies have shown that this mollusc displays a high level of plasticity with regard to shell deposition and damage repair against a background of genetic homogeneity. The Southern Ocean has amongst the lowest present-day CaCO3 saturation rate of any ocean region, and is predicted to be among the first to become undersaturated under current ocean acidification scenarios. Hence, this species presents as an ideal candidate for studies into the processes of calcium regulation and shell deposition in our changing ocean environments. Results 454 sequencing of L. elliptica mantle tissue generated 18,290 contigs with an average size of 535 bp (ranging between 142 bp-5.591 kb). BLAST sequence similarity searching assigned putative function to 17% of the data set, with a significant proportion of these transcripts being involved in binding and potentially of a secretory nature, as defined by GO molecular function and biological process classifications. These results indicated that the mantle is a transcriptionally active tissue which is actively proliferating. All transcripts were screened against an in-house database of genes shown to be involved in extracellular matrix formation and calcium homeostasis in metazoans. Putative identifications were made for a number of classical shell deposition genes, such as tyrosinase, carbonic anhydrase and metalloprotease 1, along with novel members of the family 2 G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). A membrane transport protein (SEC61) was also characterised and this demonstrated the utility of the clam sequence data as a resource for examining cold adapted amino acid substitutions. The sequence data contained 46,235 microsatellites and 13,084 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms(SNPs/INDELS), providing a resource for population and also gene function studies. Conclusions This is the first 454 data from an Antarctic marine invertebrate. Sequencing of mantle tissue from this non-model species has considerably increased resources for the investigation of the processes of shell deposition and repair in molluscs in a changing environment. A number of promising candidate genes were identified for functional analyses, which will be the subject of further investigation in this species and also used in model-hopping experiments in more tractable and economically important model aquaculture species, such as Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30ET, UK.
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Clark MS, Peck LS. Triggers of the HSP70 stress response: environmental responses and laboratory manipulation in an Antarctic marine invertebrate (Nacella concinna). Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:649-60. [PMID: 19404777 PMCID: PMC2866954 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic limpet, Nacella concinna, exhibits the classical heat shock response, with up-regulation of duplicated forms of the inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene in response to experimental manipulation of seawater temperatures. However, this response only occurs in the laboratory at temperatures well in excess of any experienced in the field. Subsequent environmental sampling of inter-tidal animals also showed up-regulation of these genes, but at temperature thresholds much lower than those required to elicit a response in the laboratory. It was hypothesised that this was a reflection of the complexity of the stresses encountered in the inter-tidal region. Here, we describe a further series of experiments comprising both laboratory manipulation and environmental sampling of N. concinna. We investigate the expression of HSP70 gene family members (HSP70A, HSP70B, GRP78 and HSC70) in response to a further suite of environmental stressors: seasonal and experimental cold, freshwater, desiccation, chronic heat and periodic emersion. Lowered temperatures (-1.9 degrees C and -1.6 degrees C), generally produced a down-regulation of all HSP70 family members, with some up-regulation of HSC70 when emerging from the winter period and increasing sea temperatures. There was no significant response to freshwater immersion. In response to acute and chronic heat treatments plus simulated tidal cycles, the data showed a clear pattern. HSP70A showed a strong but very short-term response to heat whilst the duplicated HSP70B also showed heat to be a trigger, but had a more sustained response to complex stresses. GRP78 expression indicates that it was acting as a generalised stress response under the experimental conditions described here. HSC70 was the major chaperone invoked in response to long-term stresses of varying types. These results provide intriguing clues not only to the complexity of HSP70 gene expression in response to environmental change but also insights into the stress response of a non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- Biological Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.
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Clark MS, Peck LS. HSP70 heat shock proteins and environmental stress in Antarctic marine organisms: A mini-review. Mar Genomics 2009; 2:11-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Protein synthesis in a solitary benthic cephalopod, the Southern dumpling squid (Euprymna tasmanica). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 153:185-90. [PMID: 19223018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rates of protein synthesis were measured in the whole body and tissues of southern dumpling squid Euprymna tasmanica to validate the use of a flooding-dose of (3)H phenylalanine for the measurement of protein synthesis with different size squid and to make a preliminary investigation into the effects of feeding regime. In smaller (2.8+/-0.5 g, mean+/-SE) and larger (14.8+/-2.2 g) squid whole body fractional rates of protein synthesis were 9.45+/-1.21 and 1.49+/-0.29% d(-1), respectively. Differences in total whole body protein content meant there was no difference in absolute rates of whole body protein synthesis between the larger and smaller squid. In larger squid, fractional rates of protein synthesis were significantly higher in the digestive gland (9.24+/-1.63% d(-1)) than in the arm tissue (1.43+/-0.31% d(-1)), which were significantly higher than in the anterior (0.56+/-0.13% d(-1)) and posterior (0.36+/-0.04% d(-1)) mantle. In smaller squid there were no differences in protein synthesis between tissues and high individual variation, due to differences in feeding, was a likely cause. Consequently, the effect of feeding regime on protein synthesis was compared between two groups of individually held squid: daily-feeding and minimal-feeding squid. The daily-feeding squid had significantly higher feed intake, gained mass and had a significantly higher growth rate than the minimal-feeding squid which lost mass. Whole body protein synthesis was significantly higher in the daily-feeding squid as was the protein content of the digestive gland, anterior and posterior mantle. There were few other differences in indices of protein metabolism. Individual squid showed differences in growth and protein metabolism, and there were significant relationships between growth rate and both rates of protein synthesis and protein degradation. Thus, higher individual growth was a consequence of increased protein synthesis, decreased protein degradation and, therefore, increased efficiency of retaining synthesised protein.
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