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Hawkins OH, Crawford CH, Hoover RC, Kane EA. Intraspecific variation in feeding and locomotor kinematics during prey capture in redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:706-722. [PMID: 37306263 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanics research often revolves around understanding traits impacting suction feeding performance in fishes, using freshwater ray-finned sunfishes (Family Centrarchidae) as models. However, simultaneous feeding and locomotion kinematics during prey capture are not recorded for many species and there is less information on how these kinematics vary within a species and within individuals. To (1) add to existing data on the prey capture kinematics of centrarchids, (2) assess variation in a species both within and across individuals, and (3) compare morphology and prey capture kinematics of well-sampled centrarchids, we filmed five redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) at 500 fps-1 approaching and striking non-evasive prey. Redbreast approach prey at ~30 cm s-1 and use approximately 70% of their maximum gape size. Traits related to feeding are more repeatable than traits related to locomotion. However, the Accuracy Index (AI) was consistent across individuals (AI = 0.76 ± 0.07). Functionally, redbreast sunfish are more similar to bluegill sunfish but morphologically they fall in the intermediate morphospace alongside green sunfish when compared with other centrarchids. These data show that whole organism outcomes (AI) are similar despite variation present both within and across individuals and demonstrate the importance of considering both interspecific and intraspecific differences in the functional diversity of ecologically and evolutionarily important behaviors such as prey capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia H Hawkins
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Callie H Crawford
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina, USA
| | - Richard C Hoover
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - Emily A Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
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2
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Scalici M, Spani F, Traversetti L, Carpaneto GM, Piras P. Cranial shape parallelism in soft-furred sengis: moving on a geographic gradient. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Scalici
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Viale Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Spani
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Viale Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Traversetti
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Viale Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Carpaneto
- Department of Sciences, University “Roma Tre,” Viale Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, Università La Sapienza, Viale del Policlinico, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica, Università La Sapienza, Via Eudossiana, Roma, Italy
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3
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Curtis AA, Santana SE. Jaw‐Dropping: Functional Variation in the Digastric Muscle in Bats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:279-290. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail A. Curtis
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and CultureUniversity of WashingtonSeattle Washington
| | - Sharlene E. Santana
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and CultureUniversity of WashingtonSeattle Washington
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Stinson CM, Deban SM. Functional trade-offs in the aquatic feeding performance of salamanders. ZOOLOGY 2017; 125:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Goulet CL, Smith HJ, Maie T. Comparative lever analysis and ontogenetic scaling in esocid fishes: Functional demands and constraints in feeding biomechanics. J Morphol 2016; 277:1447-1458. [PMID: 27552975 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
When animals grow, the functional demands that they experience often change as a consequence of their increasing body size. In this study, we examined the feeding biomechanics in esocid species that represent different size classes (small, Esox americanus; intermediate, Esox niger; large, Esox lucius), and how their bite forces and associated functional variables change as they grow. In order to evaluate bite performance through ontogeny, we dissected and measured dimensions of the feeding apparatus and the adductor mandibulae muscle complex with its segmentum facialis subdivisions such as the ricto-malaris, stegalis and endoricto-malaris across a wide range of body sizes. The collected morphological data was used as input variables for a published anatomical model to simulate jaw function in these fish species. Maximum bite forces for both anterior bite and posterior bite increased in isometry in E. americanus and E. niger. The posterior bite of E. lucius also increases in isometry, however, the anterior bite increases in positive allometry. Intraspecific comparison within E. lucius indicated the increase of bite forces in more developed individuals accelerated after the fish grew out of fingerling stage. In addition, our analysis indicated functional differentiation between subdivisions of the adductor mandibulae segmentum facialis, as well as interspecific differences in the pattern of contribution to the bite performance by these subdivisions. Our study provides insights into not only the musculoskeletal basis of the jaw function of esocid species, but also the feeding capacity of this species in relation to the functional demands it faces as one of the top predators in lake and river systems. J. Morphol. 277:1447-1458, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Goulet
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, Wick Science Building, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, Minnesota, 56301
| | - Harrison J Smith
- Department of Biology, Lynchburg College, 225 Hobbs-Sigler Hall, School of Science, 1501 Lakeside Drive, Lynchburg, Virginia, 24501
| | - Takashi Maie
- Department of Biology, Lynchburg College, 225 Hobbs-Sigler Hall, School of Science, 1501 Lakeside Drive, Lynchburg, Virginia, 24501.
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6
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Herrel A, Lopez-Darias M, Vanhooydonck B, Cornette R, Kohlsdorf T, Brandt R. Do Adult Phenotypes Reflect Selection on Juvenile Performance? A Comparative Study on Performance and Morphology in Lizards. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:469-78. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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de Sousa VTT, Nomura F, de C Rossa-Feres D, Andrade GV, Pezzuti TL, Wassersug RJ, Venesky MD. Differential effects of temperature on the feeding kinematics of the tadpoles of two sympatric anuran species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:456-65. [PMID: 26055073 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temperature impacts ectotherm performance by influencing many biochemical and physiological processes. When well adapted to their environment, ectotherms should perform most efficiently at the temperatures they most commonly encounter. In the present study, we tested how differences in temperature affects the feeding kinematics of tadpoles of two anuran species: the benthic tadpole of Rhinella schneideri and the nektonic tadpole of Trachycephalus typhonius. Benthic and nektonic tadpoles have segregated distributions within ponds and thus tend to face different environmental conditions, such as temperature. Muscle contractile dynamics, and thus whole organism performance, is primarily temperature dependent for ectotherms. We hypothesized that changes in mean temperatures would have differential effects on the feeding kinematics of these two species. We conducted a laboratory experiment in which we used high-speed videography to record tadpoles foraging at cold and warm temperatures. In general, tadpoles filmed at warm temperatures opened their jaws faster, attained maximum gape earlier, and exhibited shorter gape cycles than tadpoles in cold temperatures, irrespective of species. We also found species x temperature interactions regarding the closing phase velocity, and the percentage of time it takes tadpoles to achieve maximum gape and to start closing their jaws. These interactions could indicate that these two co-occurring species differ in their sensitivity to differences in water temperature and have temperature-dependent feeding strategies that maximize feeding performance in their preferred environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fausto Nomura
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Denise de C Rossa-Feres
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilda V Andrade
- Departamento de Biologia, Campus do Bacanga, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Tiago L Pezzuti
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Richard J Wassersug
- Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Gordon & Leslie Diamond Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Day SW, Higham TE, Holzman R, Van Wassenbergh S. Morphology, Kinematics, and Dynamics: The Mechanics of Suction Feeding in Fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:21-35. [PMID: 25980568 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Suction feeding is pervasive among aquatic vertebrates, and our understanding of the functional morphology and biomechanics of suction feeding has recently been advanced by combining experimental and modeling approaches. Key advances include the visualization of the patterns of flow in front of the mouth of a feeding fish, the measurement of pressure inside their mouth cavity, and the employment of analytical and computational models. Here, we review the key components of the morphology and kinematics of the suction-feeding system of anatomically generalized, adult ray-finned fishes, followed by an overview of the hydrodynamics involved. In the suction-feeding apparatus, a strong mechanistic link among morphology, kinematics, and the capture of prey is manifested through the hydrodynamic interactions between the suction flows and solid surfaces (the mouth cavity and the prey). It is therefore a powerful experimental system in which the ecology and evolution of the capture of prey can be studied based on first principals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Day
- *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel; Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium Steven.Day@RIT
| | - Timothy E Higham
- *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel; Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Roi Holzman
- *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel; Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel; Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sam Van Wassenbergh
- *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel; Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; The Inter-University Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel; Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Ferguson AR, Huber DR, Lajeunesse MJ, Motta PJ. Feeding performance of king Mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:399-413. [PMID: 25845956 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Feeding performance is an organism's ability to capture and handle prey. Although bite force is a commonly used metric of feeding performance, other factors such as bite pressure and strike speed are also likely to affect prey capture. Therefore, this study investigated static bite force, dynamic speeds, and predator and prey forces resulting from ram strikes, as well as bite pressure of the king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, in order to examine their relative contributions to overall feeding performance. Theoretical posterior bite force ranged from 14.0-318.7 N. Ram speed, recorded with a rod and reel incorporated with a line counter and video camera, ranged from 3.3-15.8B L/s. Impact forces on the prey ranged from 0.1-1.9 N. Bite pressure, estimated using theoretical bite forces at three gape angles and tooth cross-sectional areas, ranged from 1.7-56.9 MPa. Mass-specific bite force for king mackerel is relatively low in comparison with other bony fishes and sharks, with relatively little impact force applied to the prey during the strike. This suggests that king mackerel rely on high velocity chases and high bite pressure generated via sharp, laterally compressed teeth to maximize feeding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber R Ferguson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Daniel R Huber
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida
| | - Marc J Lajeunesse
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Philip J Motta
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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10
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Herrel A, Redding CL, Meyers JJ, Nishikawa KC. The scaling of tongue projection in the veiled chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus. ZOOLOGY 2014; 117:227-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Neves DP, Banhazi TM, Nääs IA. Feeding behaviour of broiler chickens: a review on the biomechanical characteristics. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x16021-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DP Neves
- State University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - TM Banhazi
- University of Southern Queensland, Australia
| | - IA Nääs
- State University of Campinas, Brazil
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12
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McGee MD, Schluter D, Wainwright PC. Functional basis of ecological divergence in sympatric stickleback. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:277. [PMID: 24380474 PMCID: PMC3890603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evolution of ecological divergence in closely related species is a key component of adaptive radiation. However, in most examples of adaptive radiation the mechanistic basis of ecological divergence remains unclear. A classic example is seen in the young benthic and limnetic stickleback species pairs of British Columbia. In each pair the benthic species feeds on littoral macroinvertebrates whereas the limnetic feeds on pelagic zooplankton. Previous studies indicate that in both short-term feeding trials and long-term enclosure studies, benthics and limnetics exhibit enhanced performance on their own resource but fare more poorly on the other species’ resource. We examined the functional basis of ecological divergence in the stickleback species pair from Paxton Lake, BC, using biomechanical models of fish feeding applied to morphological traits. We examined the consequences of morphological differences using high speed video of feeding fish. Results Benthic stickleback possess morphological traits that predict high suction generation capacity, including greatly hypertrophied epaxial musculature. In contrast, limnetic stickleback possess traits thought to enhance capture of evasive planktonic prey, including greater jaw protrusion than benthics and greater displacement advantage in both the lower jaw-opening lever system and the opercular four-bar linkage. Kinematic data support the expectations from the morphological analysis that limnetic stickleback exhibit faster strikes and greater jaw protrusion than benthic fish, whereas benthics exert greater suction force on attached prey. Conclusions We reveal a previously unknown suite of complex morphological traits that affect rapid ecological divergence in sympatric stickleback. These results indicate that postglacial divergence in stickleback involves many functional systems and shows the value of investigating the functional consequences of phenotypic divergence in adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D McGee
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Maie T, Furtek S, Schoenfuss HL, Blob RW. Feeding performance of the Hawaiian sleeper,Eleotris sandwicensis(Gobioidei: Eleotridae): correlations between predatory functional modulation and selection pressures on prey. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maie
- Department of Biological Sciences; Clemson University; 132 Long Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Steffanie Furtek
- Department of Biological Sciences; Clemson University; 132 Long Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA
| | - Heiko L. Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory; St. Cloud State University; 273 Wick Science Building 720 Fourth Avenue South St. Cloud MN 56301 USA
| | - Richard W. Blob
- Department of Biological Sciences; Clemson University; 132 Long Hall Clemson SC 29634 USA
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14
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Habegger ML, Motta PJ, Huber DR, Dean MN. Feeding biomechanics and theoretical calculations of bite force in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) during ontogeny. ZOOLOGY 2012; 115:354-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Herrel A, Fabre AC, Hugot JP, Keovichit K, Adriaens D, Brabant L, Van Hoorebeke L, Cornette R. Ontogeny of the cranial system in Laonastes aenigmamus. J Anat 2012; 221:128-37. [PMID: 22607030 PMCID: PMC3406360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents, together with bats, are among the ecologically most diverse and most speciose groups of mammals. Moreover, rodents show elaborate specializations of the feeding apparatus in response to the predominantly fore-aft movements of the lower jaw. The Laotian rock rat Laonastes aenigmamus was recently discovered and originally thought to belong to a new family. The difficulties in classifying L. aenigmamus based on morphological characters stem from the fact that it presents a mixture of sciurognathous and hystricognathous characteristics, including the morphology of the jaw adductors. The origin of the unusual muscular organization in this species remains, however, unclear. Here, we investigate the development of the masticatory system in Laonastes to better understand the origin of its derived morphology relative to other rodents. Our analyses show that skull and mandible development is characterized by an overall elongation of the snout region. Muscle mass increases with positive allometry during development and growth, and so does the force-generating capacity of the jaw adductor muscles (i.e. physiological cross-sectional area). Whereas fetal crania and musculature are more similar to those of typical rodents, adults diverge in the elongation of the rostral part of the skull and the disproportionate development of the zygomaticomandibularis. Our data suggest a functional signal in the development of the unusual cranial morphology, possibly associated with the folivorous trophic ecology of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Herrel
- UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179, Mécanismes adaptatifs: des organismes aux communautés, Paris, France.
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Anderson CV, Sheridan T, Deban SM. Scaling of the ballistic tongue apparatus in chameleons. J Morphol 2012; 273:1214-26. [PMID: 22730103 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Body dimensions of organisms can have a profound impact on their functional and structural properties. We examined the morphological proportions of the feeding apparatus of 105 chameleon specimens representing 23 species in seven genera, spanning a 1,000-fold range in body mass to test whether the feeding apparatus conforms to the null hypotheses of geometric similarity that is based on the prevalence of geometric similarity in other ectothermic vertebrates. We used a phylogenetically corrected regression analysis based on a composite phylogenetic hypothesis to determine the interspecific scaling patterns of the feeding apparatus. We also determined the intraspecific (ontogenetic) scaling patterns for the feeding apparatus in three species. We found that both intraspecifically and interspecifically, the musculoskeletal components of the feeding apparatus scale isometrically among themselves, independent of body length. The feeding apparatus is thus of conserved proportions regardless of overall body length. In contrast, we found that the tongue apparatus as a whole and its musculoskeletal components scale with negative allometry with respect to snout-vent length--smaller individuals have a proportionately larger feeding apparatus than larger individuals, both within and among species. Finally, the tongue apparatus as a whole scales with negative allometry with respect to body mass through ontogeny, but with isometry interspecifically. We suggest that the observed allometry may be maintained by natural selection because an enlarged feeding apparatus at small body size may maximize projection distance and the size of prey that smaller animals with higher mass-specific metabolic rates can capture.
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Clark AJ, Summers AP. Ontogenetic scaling of the morphology and biomechanics of the feeding apparatus in the Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:86-99. [PMID: 22220891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The form and function of the support skeleton, musculature and teeth were examined in an ontogenetic series of Pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii spanning about a six-fold range in total length (L(T)). Tooth area, feeding apparatus length, basal plate size, theoretical dental plate retractile force, penetration force and applied tooth stress were measured relative to body size. Morphological variables (e.g. tooth area and basal plate size) scaled with positive allometry and functional variables (e.g. retractile force and applied tooth stress) scaled isometrically with L(T). These results suggest that juveniles do not undergo ontogenetic dietary changes and consume functionally equivalent prey to adults, although adults can grasp proportionally larger portions of food. Low tooth stress in juveniles and adults imposes mechanical constraints to puncturing and tearing, which are circumvented by a preference for softer prey tissue or the inclusion of knotting behaviours for reducing tougher prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Clark
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Pfaller JB, Gignac PM, Erickson GM. Ontogenetic changes in jaw-muscle architecture facilitate durophagy in the turtle Sternotherus minor. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:1655-67. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.048090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Differential scaling of musculoskeletal traits leads to differences in performance across ontogeny and ultimately determines patterns of resource use during development. Because musculoskeletal growth of the feeding system facilitates high bite-force generation necessary to overcome the physical constraints of consuming more durable prey, durophagous taxa are well suited for investigations of the scaling relationships between musculoskeletal growth, bite-force generation and dietary ontogeny. To elucidate which biomechanical factors are responsible for allometric changes in bite force and durophagy, we developed and experimentally tested a static model of bite-force generation throughout development in the durophagous turtle Sternotherus minor. Moreover, we quantified the fracture properties of snails found in the diet to evaluate the relationship between bite force and the forces required to process durable prey. We found that (1) the static bite-force model accurately predicts the ontogenetic scaling of bite forces, (2) bite-force positive allometry is accomplished by augmenting muscle size and muscle pennation, and (3) the rupture forces of snails found in the diet show a similar scaling pattern to bite force across ontogeny. These results indicate the importance of muscle pennation for generating high bite forces while maintaining muscle size and provide empirical evidence that the allometric patterns of musculoskeletal growth in S. minor are strongly linked to the structural properties of their primary prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Pfaller
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Paul M. Gignac
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gregory M. Erickson
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Olshanskiy VM, Kasumyan AO, Pavlov DS, Podarin AV, Nga NT, Ha VT. Ejection of specialized electric discharges during prey pursuit and unspecialized electric activity related to respiratory behavior of the clariid catfish Clarias macrocephalus (Clariidae, Siluriformes). DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2011; 438:162-164. [PMID: 21728127 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496611030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V M Olshanskiy
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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20
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Ryerson WG, Deban SM. Buccal pumping mechanics of Xenopus laevis tadpoles: effects of biotic and abiotic factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:2444-52. [PMID: 20581274 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.038976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biotic factors such as body size and shape have long been known to influence kinematics in vertebrates. Movement in aquatic organisms can also be strongly affected by abiotic factors such as the viscosity of the medium. We examined the effects of both biotic factors and abiotic factors on buccal pumping kinematics in Xenopus tadpoles using high-speed imaging of an ontogenetic series of tadpoles combined with experimental manipulation of the medium over a 10-fold range of viscosity. We found influences of both biotic and abiotic factors on tadpole movements; absolute velocities and excursions of the jaws and hyoid were greater in higher viscosity fluid but durations of movements were unaffected. Smaller tadpoles have relatively wider heads and more robust hyoid muscles used in buccal expansion and compression. Lever arm ratios were found to be constant at all sizes; therefore, smaller tadpoles have relatively higher resolved muscle forces and, like tadpoles in more viscous medium, displayed higher absolute velocities of jaw and hyoid movements. Nonetheless, small tadpoles drew in water at lower Reynolds numbers (Re) than predicted by kinematics, due to negative allometry of the buccal pump. Finally, tadpoles transitioned from a flow regime dominated by viscous forces (Re=2) to an intermediate regime (Re=106).
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Ryerson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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21
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Habegger ML, Motta PJ, Huber DR, Deban SM. Feeding biomechanics in the Great Barracuda during ontogeny. J Zool (1987) 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Davis JL, Santana SE, Dumont ER, Grosse IR. Predicting bite force in mammals: two-dimensional versus three-dimensional lever models. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:1844-51. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Bite force is a measure of whole-organism performance that is often used to investigate the relationships between performance, morphology and fitness. When in vivo measurements of bite force are unavailable, researchers often turn to lever models to predict bite forces. This study demonstrates that bite force predictions based on two-dimensional (2-D) lever models can be improved by including three-dimensional (3-D) geometry and realistic physiological cross-sectional areas derived from dissections. Widely used, the 2-D method does a reasonable job of predicting bite force. However, it does so by over predicting physiological cross-sectional areas for the masseter and pterygoid muscles and under predicting physiological cross-sectional areas for the temporalis muscle. We found that lever models that include the three dimensional structure of the skull and mandible and physiological cross-sectional areas calculated from dissected muscles provide the best predictions of bite force. Models that accurately represent the biting mechanics strengthen our understanding of which variables are functionally relevant and how they are relevant to feeding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Davis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - S. E. Santana
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - E. R. Dumont
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - I. R. Grosse
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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23
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FRÉDÉRICH BRUNO, SHEETS HDAVID. Evolution of ontogenetic allometry shaping giant species: a case study from the damselfish genus Dascyllus (Pomacentridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Pfaller JB, Herrera ND, Gignac PM, Erickson GM. Ontogenetic scaling of cranial morphology and bite-force generation in the loggerhead musk turtle. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Carroll AM, Wainwright PC. Energetic limitations on suction feeding performance in centrarchid fishes. J Exp Biol 2009; 212:3241-51. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.033092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Energetic analysis of ecologically relevant behaviors can be useful because animals are energetically limited by available muscle mass. In this study we hypothesized that two major determinants of suction feeding performance, the magnitudes of buccal volumetric expansion and subambient buccal pressure,would be correlated with, and limited by, available muscle mass. At least four individuals of three centrarchid species were studied: largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Buccal pressure was measured directly via cannulation of the buccal cavity with a catheter-tipped pressure transducer. Buccal expansion was estimated from lateral high-speed video (500 or 1000 Hz) sequences and published data on internal kinematics of largemouth bass. These estimates were calibrated from silicone casts made of the buccal cavity post-mortem. Estimated work and power were found to be significantly correlated with muscle mass over all individuals. The slopes of these relationships, estimates of mass-specific muscle work and power, were found to be 11±2 J kg–1 and 300±75 W kg–1, respectively. These estimates are consistent with observations made of in vivo and in vitro muscle use and with digital particle image velocimetry measurements of water flow in feeding centrarchids. A direct trade-off between mean pressure and change in volume was observed, when the latter was normalized to muscle mass. We conclude that available muscle mass may be a useful metric of suction feeding performance,and that the ratio of muscle mass to buccal volume may be a useful predictor of subambient buccal pressure magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Carroll
- Department of Biology, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722,USA
| | - Peter C. Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis,CA 95616, USA
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Huber D, Claes J, Mallefet J, Herrel A. Is Extreme Bite Performance Associated with Extreme Morphologies in Sharks? Physiol Biochem Zool 2009; 82:20-8. [DOI: 10.1086/588177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lowry D, Motta PJ. Relative importance of growth and behaviour to elasmobranch suction-feeding performance over early ontogeny. J R Soc Interface 2008; 5:641-52. [PMID: 17939978 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2007.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the ability to capture prey is crucial to predator survival. Trends in food-capture performance over early ontogeny were quantified for leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata and whitespotted bamboosharks Chiloscyllium plagiosum by measuring suction pressure and flow in front of the mouth during feeding. At any size, C. plagiosum produce greater subambient pressure and ingest more rounded water parcels. Maximum subambient pressure scaled with negative allometry in T. semifasciata and was accompanied by an increase in the time to reach maximum gape. Despite a similar trend in buccal expansion timing, maximum pressure in C. plagiosum scaled with isometry and was accompanied by an earlier onset of hyoid depression and a positive allometric increase in buccal reserve volume. Growth was the primary factor responsible for developmental trends in both species, with size-independent behavioural changes contributing little to overall performance variability. Ontogenetic dietary shifts are predicted for both species as a consequence of size-dependent changes in performance. Chiloscyllium plagiosum becomes anatomically and behaviourally canalized towards suction feeding, limiting the effective range of prey capture and possibly necessitating stalking. Triakis semifasciata, by contrast, retains the flexibility to employ both ram and suction and therefore captures more elusive prey with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayv Lowry
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Point Whitney Shellfish Laboratory, 1000 Point Whitney Road, Brinnon, WA 98320-9707, USA.
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Holzman R, Collar DC, Day SW, Bishop KL, Wainwright PC. Scaling of suction-induced flows in bluegill: morphological and kinematic predictors for the ontogeny of feeding performance. J Exp Biol 2008; 211:2658-68. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.018853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
During ontogeny, animals undergo changes in size and shape that result in shifts in performance, behavior and resource use. These ontogenetic changes provide an opportunity to test hypotheses about how the growth of structures affects biological functions. In the present study, we ask how ontogenetic changes in skull biomechanics affect the ability of bluegill sunfish, a high-performance suction feeder, to produce flow speeds and accelerations during suction feeding. The flow of water in front of the mouth was measured directly for fish ranging from young-of-year to large adults, using digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV). As bluegill size increased, the magnitude of peak flow speed they produced increased, and the effective suction distance increased because of increasing mouth size. However, throughout the size range, the timing of peak fluid speed remained unchanged, and flow was constrained to approximately one gape distance from the mouth. The observed scaling relationships between standard length and peak flow speed conformed to expectations derived from two biomechanical models, one based on morphological potential to produce suction pressure (the Suction Index model) and the other derived from a combination of morphological and kinematic variables (the Expanding Cone model). The success of these models in qualitatively predicting the observed allometry of induced flow speed reveals that the scaling of cranial morphology underlies the scaling of suction performance in bluegill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Holzman
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David C. Collar
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Steven W. Day
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 76 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623-5604, USA
| | - Kristin L. Bishop
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter C. Wainwright
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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ANDERSON ROGERA, MCBRAYER LANCED, HERREL ANTHONY. Bite force in vertebrates: opportunities and caveats for use of a nonpareil whole-animal performance measure. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Herrel A, De Smet A, Aguirre LF, Aerts P. Morphological and mechanical determinants of bite force in bats: do muscles matter? J Exp Biol 2008; 211:86-91. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.012211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Bats are one of the most diverse groups of mammals and have radiated into a wide variety of trophic niches. Accordingly, the cranial structure in bats is unusually variable among mammals and thought to reflect specializations for feeding and echolocation. However, recent analyses of cranial structure,feeding behavior and bite force across a wide range of bats suggest that correlations between morphology and performance and/or ecology are not as clearcut as previously thought. For example, most of the variation in bite force across a wide range of phyllostomid bats was explained by differences in body size rather than specific cranial traits. However, remarkably little is known about the muscular components that are responsible for generating the actual bite forces. We have tested which aspects of the cranial muscular system are good predictors of bite force across a wide range of species using a modeling approach. Model calculations of bite force show good correspondence with in vivo data suggesting that they can be used to estimate performance of the cranial system. Moreover, our data show that bite force is strikingly well explained by differences in temporalis muscle mass, temporalis fiber length and masseter muscle mass. Moreover, our data show that evolutionary changes in bite force capacity in bats are associated with evolutionary changes in relative m. temporalis mass and absolute skull length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Herrel
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ann De Smet
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Luis F. Aguirre
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética, Universidad Mayor de San Simon,Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Peter Aerts
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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31
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WYCKMANS MARISA, VAN WASSENBERGH SAM, ADRIAENS DOMINIQUE, VAN DAMME RAOUL, HERREL ANTHONY. Size-related changes in cranial morphology affect diet in the catfish Clariallabes longicauda. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Vincent SE, Moon BR, Herrel A, Kley NJ. Are ontogenetic shifts in diet linked to shifts in feeding mechanics?Scaling of the feeding apparatus in the banded watersnakeNerodia fasciata. J Exp Biol 2007; 210:2057-69. [PMID: 17562879 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe effects of size on animal behaviour, ecology, and physiology are widespread. Theoretical models have been developed to predict how animal form,function, and performance should change with increasing size. Yet, numerous animals undergo dramatic shifts in ecology (e.g. habitat use, diet) that may directly influence the functioning and presumably the scaling of the musculoskeletal system. For example, previous studies have shown that banded watersnakes (Nerodia fasciata) switch from fish prey as juveniles to frog prey as adults, and that fish and frogs represent functionally distinct prey types to watersnakes. We therefore tested whether this ontogenetic shift in diet was coupled to changes in the scaling patterns of the cranial musculoskeletal system in an ontogenetic size series (70–600 mm snout–vent length) of banded watersnakes. We found that all cranial bones and gape size exhibited significant negative allometry, whereas the muscle physiological cross-sectional area (pCSAs) scaled either isometrically or with positive allometry against snout–vent length. By contrast, we found that gape size, most cranial bones, and muscle pCSAs exhibited highly significant positive allometry against head length. Furthermore, the mechanical advantage of the jaw-closing lever system remained constant over ontogeny. Overall, these cranial allometries should enable watersnakes to meet the functional requirements of switching from fusiform fish to bulky frog prey. However, recent studies have reported highly similar allometries in a wide diversity of vertebrate taxa, suggesting that positive allometry within the cranial musculoskeletal system may actually be a general characteristic of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn E Vincent
- Department of Zoology, Ethology Laboratory, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho Sakyo Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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33
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Van Wassenbergh S, Herrel A, James RS, Aerts P. Scaling of contractile properties of catfish feeding muscles. J Exp Biol 2007; 210:1183-93. [PMID: 17371917 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical models are intrinsically limited in explaining the ontogenetic scaling relationships for prey capture kinematics in aquatic vertebrates because no data are available on the scaling of intrinsic contractile properties of the muscles that power feeding. However, functional insight into scaling relationships is fundamental to our understanding of the ecology, performance and evolution of animals. In this study, in vitro contractile properties of three feeding muscles were determined for a series of different sizes of African air-breathing catfishes (Clarias gariepinus). These muscles were the mouth closer musculus adductor mandibulae A2A3′, the mouth opener m. protractor hyoidei and the hypaxial muscles responsible for pectoral girdle retraction. Tetanus and twitch activation rise times increased significantly with size, while latency time was size independent. In accordance with the decrease in feeding velocity with increasing size, the cycle frequency for maximal power output of the protractor hyoidei and the adductor mandibulae showed a negative scaling relationship. Theoretical modelling predicts a scaling relationship for in vivo muscle function during which these muscles always produced at least 80% of their maximal in vitro power. These findings suggest that the contractile properties of these feeding muscles are fine-tuned to the changes in biomechanical constraints of movement of the feeding apparatus during ontogeny. However, each muscle appears to have a unique set of contractile properties. The hypaxials, the most important muscle for powering suction feeding in clariid catfish, differed from the other muscles by generating higher maximal stress and mass-specific power output with increased size,whilst the optimum cycle frequency for maximal power output only decreased significantly with size in the larger adults (cranial lengths greater than 60 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Van Wassenbergh S, Herrel A, Adriaens D, Aerts P. Interspecific variation in sternohyoideus muscle morphology in clariid catfishes: Functional implications for suction feeding. J Morphol 2007; 268:232-42. [PMID: 17265443 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Depression of the hyoid apparatus plays a crucial role in generating suction, especially in fishes with a dorso-ventrally flattened head shape. It is generally assumed that shortening of the sternohyoideus muscle, which connects the hyoid to the pectoral girdle, contributes to hyoid depression. However, a recent study on the clariid catfish Clarias gariepinus has shown that this muscle does not shorten but elongates during this phase through retraction of the pectoral girdle. Here, we test whether this pattern is general among clariid catfish, or if variation in the morphology of the sternohyoideus may result in a different sternohyoideus behavior during hyoid depression. First, sternohyoideus mass, effective cross-sectional area, fiber length and fiber diameter were measured and compared for four clariid species. Next, velocity and magnitude of hyoid depression during prey capture (from high-speed videos), as well as patterns of sternohyoideus strain were analyzed (from high-speed X-ray videos) in these species. While morphology and hyoid depression performance varied considerably among these species, only the species with the most massive sternohyoideus, Gymnallabes typus, showed shortening of the sternohyoideus muscle during the initial part of the expansive phase. The data for Channallabes apus demonstrate that increasing the magnitude of hyoid depression does not necessarily require a shortening of the m. sternohyoideus, as it shows elongation of this muscle during hyoid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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35
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Wainwright PC, Huskey SH, Turingan RG, Carroll AM. Ontogeny of suction feeding capacity in snook,Centropomus undecimalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 305:246-52. [PMID: 16432887 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ontogeny of suction feeding performance, as measured by peak suction generating capacity, was studied in the common snook, Centropomus undecimalis. Suction pressure inside the buccal cavity is a function of the total expansive force exerted on the buccal cavity distributed across the projected area of the buccal cavity. Thus, the scaling exponent of peak suction pressure with fish standard length was predicted to be equal to the scaling exponent of sternohyoideus muscle cross-sectional area, found to be 1.991, minus the scaling exponent for the projected buccal cavity area, found to be 2.009, equal to -0.018. No scaling was found in peak suction pressure generated by 12 snook ranging from 94 to 314 mm SL, supporting the prediction from morphology. C. undecimalis are able to generate similar suction pressures throughout ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Wainwright
- Section of Evolution & Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Van Wassenbergh S, Herrel A, Adriaens D, Aerts P. A test of mouth-opening and hyoid-depression mechanisms during prey capture in a catfish using high-speed cineradiography. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:4627-39. [PMID: 16326944 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Detailed morphological analyses have identified a number of different mechanical pathways by which the morphologically complex cranial system of fishes can achieve mouth opening and hyoid depression. However, many of these proposed mechanisms remain untested. Furthermore, very little is known about the precise timing of activity of each of these mechanisms, and about the magnitude of each mechanism's total contribution to its proposed function. In the present study, all mouth opening and hyoid depression mechanisms described for Clarias gariepinus, an air-breathing catfish, are analysed. High-speed X-ray videos were recorded during prey capture of three catfish implanted with small, radio-opaque markers in the cranial elements potentially involved. A kinematic analysis was performed from which data were used as input in planar four-bar models. This analysis shows that the opercular mouth-opening mechanism initiates mouth opening, but is not able to cause the complete mouth openings as observed on the X-ray videos. The latter is accomplished through the protractor hyoidei muscles, which couple hyoid depression to lower jaw depression in a four-bar system and also reinforce lower jaw depression by shortening during the final stage of mouth opening. Although the angulo-ceratohyal ligament was previously hypothesised to play a part in mouth opening, our results show that it probably does not, but rather functions as a hyoid-elevator during mouth closure. Finally, hyoid depression is exclusively achieved by the four-bar mechanism involving neurocranial elevation and pectoral girdle retraction, generally without any reinforcement by shortening of the sternohyoideus muscle. In contrast to the results from a recent analysis on sunfish, the catfish's sternohyoideus gradually elongates during hyoid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Van Wassenbergh S, Aerts P, Herrel A. Scaling of suction-feeding kinematics and dynamics in the African catfish,Clarias gariepinus. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:2103-14. [PMID: 15914654 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYScaling effects on the kinematics of suction feeding in fish remain poorly understood, at least partly because of the inconsistency of the results of the existing experimental studies. Suction feeding is mechanically distinct from most other type of movements in that negative pressure inside the buccal cavity is thought to be the most important speed-limiting factor during suction. However, how buccal pressure changes with size and how this influences the speed of buccal expansion is unknown. In this paper, the effects of changes in body size on kinematics of suction feeding are studied in the catfish Clarias gariepinus. Video recordings of prey-capturing C. gariepinus ranging in total length from 111 to 923 mm were made,from which maximal displacements, velocities and accelerations of several elements of the cranial system were determined. By modelling the observed expanding head of C. gariepinus as a series of expanding hollow elliptical cylinders, buccal pressure and power requirement for the expansive phase of prey capture were calculated for an ontogenetic sequence of catfish. We found that angular velocities decrease approximately proportional with increasing cranial size, while linear velocities remain more or less constant. Although a decreasing (angular) speed of buccal expansion with increasing size could be predicted (based on calculations of power requirement and the expected mass-proportional scaling of available muscular power in C. gariepinus), the observed drop in (angular) speed during growth exceeds these predictions. The calculated muscle-mass-specific power output decreases significantly with size, suggesting a relatively lower suction effort in the larger catfish compared with the smaller catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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