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Njume FN, Razzauti A, Soler M, Perschin V, Fazeli G, Bourez A, Delporte C, Ghogomu SM, Poelvoorde P, Pichard S, Birck C, Poterszman A, Souopgui J, Van Antwerpen P, Stigloher C, Vanhamme L, Laurent P. A lipid transfer protein ensures nematode cuticular impermeability. iScience 2022; 25:105357. [PMID: 36339267 PMCID: PMC9626681 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticle of C. elegans is impermeable to chemicals, toxins, and pathogens. However, increased permeability is a desirable phenotype because it facilitates chemical uptake. Surface lipids contribute to the permeability barrier. Here, we identify the lipid transfer protein GMAP-1 as a critical element setting the permeability of the C. elegans cuticle. A gmap-1 deletion mutant increases cuticular permeability to sodium azide, levamisole, Hoechst, and DiI. Expressing GMAP-1 in the hypodermis or transiently in the adults is sufficient to rescue this gmap-1 permeability phenotype. GMAP-1 protein is secreted from the hypodermis to the aqueous fluid filling the space between collagen fibers of the cuticle. In vitro, GMAP-1 protein binds phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine while in vivo, GMAP-1 sets the surface lipid composition and organization. Altogether, our results suggest GMAP-1 secreted by hypodermis shuttles lipids to the surface to form the permeability barrier of C. elegans. GMAP-1 is secreted by the hypodermis toward the cuticle of Caenorhabditis elegans GMAP-1 binds and shuttle phosphoglycerides GMAP-1 sets the lipid composition of the cuticle While healthy, gmap-1 mutant displays high cuticular permeability
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Ngale Njume
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Adria Razzauti
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Miguel Soler
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Veronika Perschin
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gholamreza Fazeli
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axelle Bourez
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Cedric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stephen M. Ghogomu
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Philippe Poelvoorde
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simon Pichard
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Birck
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Poterszman
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery and Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Laurent
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Institute for Neuroscience, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Corresponding author
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Pan L, Cui R, Li Y, Zhang W, Bai J, Li J, Zhang X. Third-Stage Dispersal Juveniles of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Can Resist Low-Temperature Stress by Entering Cryptobiosis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080785. [PMID: 34440018 PMCID: PMC8389570 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Pine wilt disease caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes significant harm to China’s forests, but there are currently no effective prevention and control measures. Additionally, this devastating disease is currently spreading northward. We determined that third-stage dispersal juveniles of B. xylophilus can resist low-temperature stress by cryptobiosis, allowing these nematodes to tolerate a greater range of temperatures. These results facilitate the prediction of potential areas at risk for B. xylophilus in the mid-temperature and cold temperature zones of China. Abstract Nematodes can enter cryptobiosis by dehydration as an adaptation to low-temperature environments and recover from cryptobiosis by rehydration after environmental improvement. In this work, the survival of Bursaphelenchusxylophilus third-stage dispersal juveniles was studied in response to low-temperature treatment. The average survival rates were 1.7% after −80 °C treatment for 30 d and 82.2% after −20 °C treatment for 30 d. The changes of water content and inorganic salt ions that occur in pine trees during winter gradually alter the osmotic pressure in the liquid environment to dehydrate B. xylophilus juveniles, resulting in improved survival after low-temperature treatment. The survival rate at −20 °C improved to 92.1% when the juveniles entered cryptobiosis by osmotic regulation. The results of this study demonstrate that B. xylophilus third-stage dispersal juveniles can resist low-temperature stress through cryptobiosis, providing the theoretical basis for the identification of areas potentially vulnerable to B. xylophilus in the mid-temperature and cold temperature zones of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (L.P.); (R.C.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Rong Cui
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (L.P.); (R.C.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Research Centre of Sub-Frigid Zone Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (L.P.); (R.C.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (L.P.); (R.C.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianwei Bai
- Chongqing Forestry Investment Development Company Limited, Chongqing 401120, China;
| | - Juewen Li
- Graduate Department, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Xingyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (L.P.); (R.C.); (W.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Abstract
Outbreaks of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella papuae have been reported in South-East Asia. Mebendazole and thiabendazole are the treatments of choice for trichinellosis; however, both drugs result in significant side effects and are less effective for muscle-stage larvae (L1). An alternative therapeutic agent is needed to improve treatment. Information on lipid composition and metabolic pathways may bridge gaps in our knowledge and lead to new antiparasitics. The T. papuae L1 lipidome was analysed using a mass spectrometry-based approach, and 403 lipid components were identified. Eight lipid classes were found and glycerophospholipids were dominant, corresponding to 63% of total lipids, of which the glycerolipid DG (20:1[11Z]/22:4[7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z]/0:0) (iso2) was the most abundant. Overall, 57% of T. papuae lipids were absent in humans; therefore, lipid metabolism may be dissimilar in the two species. Proteins involved T. papuae lipid metabolism were explored using bioinformatics. We found that 4-hydroxybutyrate coenzyme A transferase, uncharacterized protein (A0A0V1MCB5) and ML-domain-containing protein are not present in humans. T. papuae glycerophospholipid metabolic and phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation processes contain several proteins that are dissimilar to those in humans. These findings provide insights into T. papuae lipid composition and metabolism, which may facilitate the development of novel trichinellosis treatments.
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Shivakumara TN, Dutta TK, Mandal A, Rao U. Estimation of lipid reserves in different life stages of Meloidogyne incognita using image analysis of Nile Red-stained nematodes. NEMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Biochemical analyses of nematodes have revealed that neutral lipids (especially triglycerides) are the main source of energy reserves, which is depleted as the nematodes age. Several methodologies have been developed to visualise triglyceride-rich fat stores in plant-parasitic nematodes using non-fluorescent, lipophilic dyes, such as Oil Red O. Here, we propose a robust and reproducible fluorescence-based Nile Red staining method (followed by image analysis) for rapid detection of neutral lipid droplets in Meloidogyne incognita. This unique lipophilic dye selectively fluoresces in red and green spectra in a lipid-rich environment. The neutral lipid content of M. incognita juveniles gradually diminished during different periods of food deprivation, and this was significantly correlated with reduction in parasitic success of M. incognita in eggplant. Additionally, variation in fat reserves in different developmental stages of M. incognita infecting adzuki bean was also demonstrated. This investigation may aid future metabolic research, including functional analysis of lipid regulatory genes in plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagginahalli N. Shivakumara
- 1Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- 2School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Tushar K. Dutta
- 1Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- 3Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Uma Rao
- 1Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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5
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Evangelista CCS, Guidelli GV, Borges G, Araujo TF, Souza TAJD, Neves UPDC, Tunnacliffe A, Pereira TC. Multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis (tolerance to extreme desiccation) in the nematode Panagrolaimus superbus. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:790-802. [PMID: 29111563 PMCID: PMC5738622 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of anhydrobiosis, the state of suspended animation entered by some species during extreme desiccation, is still poorly understood despite a number of transcriptome and proteome studies. We therefore conducted functional screening by RNA interference (RNAi) for genes involved in anhydrobiosis in the holo-anhydrobiotic nematode Panagrolaimus superbus. A new method of survival analysis, based on staining, and proof-of-principle RNAi experiments confirmed a role for genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance, while a novel medium-scale RNAi workflow identified a further 40 anhydrobiosis-associated genes, including several involved in proteostasis, DNA repair and signal transduction pathways. This suggests that multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis in P. superbus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Carolina Silva Evangelista
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Vieira Guidelli
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Borges
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Fenz Araujo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Alves Jorge de Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ubiraci Pereira da Costa Neves
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Tunnacliffe
- Deptartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tiago Campos Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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6
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Ntalli N, Ratajczak M, Oplos C, Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U, Adamski Z. Acetic Acid, 2-Undecanone, and ( E)-2-Decenal Ultrastructural Malformations on Meloidogyne incognita. J Nematol 2016; 48:248-260. [PMID: 28154431 PMCID: PMC5247329 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of natural compounds to control phytonematodes is significantly increasing, as most of the old synthetic pesticides have been banned due to their eco-hostile character. Plant secondary metabolites are now evaluated as biologically active molecules against Meloidogyne spp. but their target site in the nematode body is rarely specified. Herein, we report on the ultrastructure modifications of the Meloidogyne incognita J2 after treatment with nematicidal plant secondary metabolites, that is acetic acid, (E)-2-decenal, and 2-undecanone. The commercial nematicide fosthiazate acting on acetylcholinesterase was used as control. For this reason, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been employed. The acetic acid mainly harmed the cuticle, degenerated the nuclei of pseudocoel cells, and vacuolised the cytoplasm. The (E)-2-decenal and 2-undecanone did neither harm to the cuticle nor the somatic muscles but they degenerated the pseudocoel cells. (E)-2-decenal caused malformation of somatic muscles. According to the above, the nematicidal compounds seem to enter the nematode body principally via the digestive system rather than the cuticle, since the main part of the damage is internal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Ntalli
- Laboratory of Biological Control of Pesticides, Department of Pesticides Control & Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, Kifissia, Athens, 14561, Greece
| | - Marlena Ratajczak
- Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Chrisostomos Oplos
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zbigniew Adamski
- Electron and Confocal Microscope Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.; Department of Animal Physiology and Development, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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7
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Sandhove J, Spann N, Ristau K. The Anhydrobiotic Potential of the Terrestrial NematodesPlectus parietinusandPlectus velox. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 325:434-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Sandhove
- Department of Animal Ecology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Nicole Spann
- Department of Animal Ecology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
| | - Kai Ristau
- Department of Animal Ecology; Bielefeld University; Bielefeld Germany
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8
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Abdelnabby H, Wang Y, Xiao X, Wang G, Yang F, Xiao Y. Impact of direct and indirect application of rising furfural concentrations on viability, infectivity and reproduction of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Pisum sativum. Microb Pathog 2016; 96:26-34. [PMID: 27133267 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The gradual withdraw of several broadly used nematicides from market has enhanced the need to develop sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives with nematicidal properties. Furfural is one of the promising alternatives to fill this need. Baseline information about the impact of furfural on egg hatch, penetration potential and ultrastructure of nematode is lacking. In this study, the reagent-grade (purity ≥ 99.0%) of furfural was applied against Meloidogyne incognita. In vitro tests showed gradual reduction in either the rate of egg hatch or second stage juvenile (J2) viability of M. incognita when immersed in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10.0 μl/ml furfural. The mean EC50 for J2 and egg hatch was 0.37 and 0.27 μl/ml furfural, respectively. Furfural, even at low concentrations, resulted in a considerable suppression in egg hatch. Hatch was <5% after 8 days at 0.63 μl/ml furfural. The same furfural concentrations after 12 h caused 57.25% loss of viability in J2. Moreover, the penetration rate of juveniles to pea roots was suppressed when furfural was even applied at low rates. In pot experiments, furfural was applied as liquid (direct) or vapor (indirect) treatments at rates of 0-1.5 ml/kg soil. Significant reduction in galling, egg production and population density of M. incognita observed when furfural was applied at rates >0.2 ml/kg soil. No adverse effect was detected on plants or free-living nematodes as a result of furfural application. Liquid furfural proved to have superior juvenile-suppressive effect whereas its vapor has such superiority against eggs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study showed irregular appearance of the body surface accompanied with some cuticle disfigurement of furfural-treated juveniles. These results indicated that furfural can adversely affect egg hatch, juvenile viability, penetration potential and ultrastructure of M. incognita. Furfural may therefore be of a considerable potential as an appropriate alternative for class I nematicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Abdelnabby
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qaliubia 13736, Egypt.
| | - Yunhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450002, China
| | - Yannong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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9
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Yoder JA, Stoeckel JA, Helms BS, Lorenz AL, Jajack AJ. Hygric stresses and strategies in maintaining the association between crayfish and ectosymbiotic worms across vastly different environments. Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Mussel adhesion is dictated by time-regulated secretion and molecular conformation of mussel adhesive proteins. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8737. [PMID: 26508080 PMCID: PMC4640085 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacial water constitutes a formidable barrier to strong surface bonding, hampering the development of water-resistant synthetic adhesives. Notwithstanding this obstacle, the Asian green mussel Perna viridis attaches firmly to underwater surfaces via a proteinaceous secretion (byssus). Extending beyond the currently known design principles of mussel adhesion, here we elucidate the precise time-regulated secretion of P. viridis mussel adhesive proteins. The vanguard 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (Dopa)-rich protein Pvfp-5 acts as an adhesive primer, overcoming repulsive hydration forces by displacing surface-bound water and generating strong surface adhesion. Using homology modelling and molecular dynamics simulations, we find that all mussel adhesive proteins are largely unordered, with Pvfp-5 adopting a disordered structure and elongated conformation whereby all Dopa residues reside on the protein surface. Time-regulated secretion and structural disorder of mussel adhesive proteins appear essential for optimizing extended nonspecific surface interactions and byssus' assembly. Our findings reveal molecular-scale principles to help the development of wet-resistant adhesives.
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Penkov S, Ogawa A, Schmidt U, Tate D, Zagoriy V, Boland S, Gruner M, Vorkel D, Verbavatz JM, Sommer RJ, Knölker HJ, Kurzchalia TV. A wax ester promotes collective host finding in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:281-5. [PMID: 24584102 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Survival of nematode species depends on how successfully they disperse in the habitat and find a new host. As a new strategy for collective host finding in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, dauer larvae synthesize an extremely long-chain polyunsaturated wax ester (nematoil) that covers the surface of the animal. The oily coat promotes congregation of up to one thousand individuals into stable 'dauer towers' that can reach a beetle host more easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sider Penkov
- 1] Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany. [2]
| | - Akira Ogawa
- 1] Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany. [2] Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Kobe, Japan. [3]
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dhananjay Tate
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vyacheslav Zagoriy
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boland
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Margit Gruner
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Vorkel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Verbavatz
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf J Sommer
- Department for Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Erkut C, Vasilj A, Boland S, Habermann B, Shevchenko A, Kurzchalia TV. Molecular strategies of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva to survive extreme desiccation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82473. [PMID: 24324795 PMCID: PMC3853187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive water loss is a serious challenge for terrestrial animals, which usually has fatal consequences. However, some organisms have developed means to survive this stress by entering an ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. We recently showed that Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva, an arrested stage specialized for survival in adverse conditions, is resistant to severe desiccation. However, this requires a preconditioning step at a mild desiccative environment to prepare the organism for harsher desiccation conditions. A systems approach was used to identify factors that are activated during this preconditioning. Using microarray analysis, proteomics, and bioinformatics, genes, proteins, and biochemical pathways that are upregulated during this process were identified. These pathways were validated via reverse genetics by testing the desiccation tolerances of mutants. These data show that the desiccation response is activated by hygrosensation (sensing the desiccative environment) via head neurons. This leads to elimination of reactive oxygen species and xenobiotics, expression of heat shock and intrinsically disordered proteins, polyamine utilization, and induction of fatty acid desaturation pathway. Remarkably, this response is specific and involves a small number of functional pathways, which represent the generic toolkit for anhydrobiosis in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Erkut
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Petrone L. Molecular surface chemistry in marine bioadhesion. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 195-196:1-18. [PMID: 23623000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the in situ molecular physicochemical characterisation of bioadhesives at solid/liquid interfaces, with the aim of elucidating the adhesion strategies that lie at the root of marine biofouling. It focuses on three major foulers: mussels, algae and barnacles. The dispersal of these organisms, their colonisation of surfaces, and ultimately their survival rely critically on the ability of the organisms' larvae or spores to locate a favourable settlement site and undergo metamorphosis, thus initiating their sessile existence. Differences in the composition of adhesive secretions and the strategies employed for their temporary or permanent implementation exists between the larval and adult life stages. To date, only a few adhesive secretions from marine fouling organisms have been adequately described in terms of their chemical composition, and a survey revealed the presence of certain recurrent functional groups, specifically catechol, carboxylate, monoester-sulphate and -phosphate. This review will describe the binding modes of such functionalities to wet mineral/metal oxides surfaces. Such functionalities will be ranked based on their ability to bind to hydrophilic surfaces replacing surface-bound water (Langmuir adsorption constant) as well as other adsorbates (competitive adsorption). A plausible explanation for the propensity of the reviewed adhesive functionalities to bind to hydrous metal oxide surfaces will be given on the basis of the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases principle, Hofmeister effects and entropic considerations. From the in situ analysis of marine organism bioadhesives and adsorption studies of functionalities relevant to the bioadhesion process, insights can be gleaned for a knowledge-based innovation of antifouling strategies and the synthesis of strong, durable adhesive materials, which are suitable for implementation in wet environments.
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Karabudak E, Kas R, Ogieglo W, Rafieian D, Schlautmann S, Lammertink RGH, Gardeniers HJGE, Mul G. Disposable Attenuated Total Reflection-Infrared Crystals from Silicon Wafer: A Versatile Approach to Surface Infrared Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2012; 85:33-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Engin Karabudak
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Recep Kas
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Ogieglo
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Damon Rafieian
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Schlautmann
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - R. G. H. Lammertink
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Han J. G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
| | - Guido Mul
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems Group, ‡Photo Catalytic Synthesis Group, §Membrane Technology Group, ∥Soft Matter, Fluidics
and Interfaces, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,
The Netherlands
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15
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San-Blas E, Cubillán N, Guerra M, Portillo E, Esteves I. Characterization of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FT-IR/ATR). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 93:58-62. [PMID: 22465768 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection for characterizing entomopathogenic bacteria from genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus is evaluated for the first time. The resulting spectra of Xenorhabdus poinarii and Photorhabdus luminiscens were compared with the spectrum of Escherichia coli samples. The absorption spectra generated by the bacteria samples, were very different at the region below 1400cm(-1) which represents the stretching vibrations of phosphate and carbohydrates. Star diagrams of the fingerprint section of nematodes spectra (between 1,350 and 1,650 cm(-1)) for separation between spectra was used and showed to be a useful tool for classification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto San-Blas
- Laboratorio de Protección Vegetal, Centro de Estudios Botánicos y Agroforestales, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Calle 74, entre AV 14A y 15, Maracaibo, C.P. 4001, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
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16
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Tyson T, O'Mahony Zamora G, Wong S, Skelton M, Daly B, Jones JT, Mulvihill ED, Elsworth B, Phillips M, Blaxter M, Burnell AM. A molecular analysis of desiccation tolerance mechanisms in the anhydrobiotic nematode Panagrolaimus superbus using expressed sequenced tags. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:68. [PMID: 22281184 PMCID: PMC3296651 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some organisms can survive extreme desiccation by entering into a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis. Panagrolaimus superbus is a free-living anhydrobiotic nematode that can survive rapid environmental desiccation. The mechanisms that P. superbus uses to combat the potentially lethal effects of cellular dehydration may include the constitutive and inducible expression of protective molecules, along with behavioural and/or morphological adaptations that slow the rate of cellular water loss. In addition, inducible repair and revival programmes may also be required for successful rehydration and recovery from anhydrobiosis. Results To identify constitutively expressed candidate anhydrobiotic genes we obtained 9,216 ESTs from an unstressed mixed stage population of P. superbus. We derived 4,009 unigenes from these ESTs. These unigene annotations and sequences can be accessed at http://www.nematodes.org/nembase4/species_info.php?species=PSC. We manually annotated a set of 187 constitutively expressed candidate anhydrobiotic genes from P. superbus. Notable among those is a putative lineage expansion of the lea (late embryogenesis abundant) gene family. The most abundantly expressed sequence was a member of the nematode specific sxp/ral-2 family that is highly expressed in parasitic nematodes and secreted onto the surface of the nematodes' cuticles. There were 2,059 novel unigenes (51.7% of the total), 149 of which are predicted to encode intrinsically disordered proteins lacking a fixed tertiary structure. One unigene may encode an exo-β-1,3-glucanase (GHF5 family), most similar to a sequence from Phytophthora infestans. GHF5 enzymes have been reported from several species of plant parasitic nematodes, with horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria proposed to explain their evolutionary origin. This P. superbus sequence represents another possible HGT event within the Nematoda. The expression of five of the 19 putative stress response genes tested was upregulated in response to desiccation. These were the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase, dj-1 and 1-Cys peroxiredoxin, an shsp sequence and an lea gene. Conclusions P. superbus appears to utilise a strategy of combined constitutive and inducible gene expression in preparation for entry into anhydrobiosis. The apparent lineage expansion of lea genes, together with their constitutive and inducible expression, suggests that LEA3 proteins are important components of the anhydrobiotic protection repertoire of P. superbus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Tyson
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co, Kildare, Ireland.
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17
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Abstract
New work now shows that the dauer larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans can survive anhydrobiotically. The genetic tractability of this model organism may be useful in studying how organisms survive when losing most or all of their water.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wharton
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Urtasun N, Correa García S, Iusem ND, Bermúdez Moretti M. Predominantly Cytoplasmic Localization in Yeast of ASR1, a Non-Receptor Transcription Factor from Plants. Open Biochem J 2010; 4:68-71. [PMID: 20657719 PMCID: PMC2908927 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01004010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asr gene family (named after abscisic acid, stress and ripening), currently classified as a novel group of the LEA superfamily, is exclusively present in the genomes of seed plants, except for the Brassicaceae family. It is associated with water-deficit stress and is involved in adaptation to dry climates. Motivated by separate reports depicting ASR proteins as either transcription factors or chaperones, we decided to determine the intracellular localization of ASR proteins. For that purpose, we employed an in vivo eukaryotic expression system, the heterologous model Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including wild type strains as well as mutants in which the variant ASR1 previously proved to be functionally protective against osmotic stress. Our methodology involved immunofluorescence-based confocal microscopy, without artificially altering the native structure of the protein under study. Results show that, in both normal and osmotic stress conditions, recombinant ASR1 turned out to localize mainly to the cytoplasm, irrespective of the genotype used, revealing a scattered distribution in the form of dots or granules. The results are discussed in terms of a plausible dual (cytoplasmic and nuclear) role of ASR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Urtasun
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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