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Haak CR, Power M, Wilson ADM, Danylchuk AJ. Stable isotopes and foraging behaviors support the role of antipredator benefits in driving the association between two marine fishes. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05390-1. [PMID: 37291257 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research from terrestrial communities shows that diminished predation risk is a principal driver of heterospecific grouping behavior, with foraging ecology predicting the roles that species play in groups, as more vulnerable foragers preferentially join more vigilant ones from whom they can benefit. Meanwhile, field studies examining the adaptive significance of heterospecific shoaling among marine fish have focused disproportionately on feeding advantages such as scrounging or prey-flushing. Juvenile bonefish (Albula vulpes) occur almost exclusively among mojarras (Eucinostomus spp.) and even elect to join them over conspecifics, suggesting they benefit from doing so. We evaluated the roles of risk-related and food-related factors in motivating this pattern of affiliation, estimating: (1) the relative levels of risk associated with each species' search and prey capture activities, via behavioral vulnerability traits discerned from in situ video of heterospecific shoals, and (2) resource use redundancy, using stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) to quantify niche overlap. Across four distinct metrics, bonefish behaviors implied a markedly greater level of risk than those of mojarras, typified by higher activity levels and a reduced capacity for overt vigilance; consistent with expectations if their association conformed to patterns of joining observed in terrestrial habitats. Resource use overlap inferred from stable isotopes was low, indicating that the two species partitioned resources and making it unlikely that bonefish derived substantive food-related benefits. Collectively, these findings suggest that the attraction of juvenile bonefish to mojarras is motivated primarily by antipredator advantages, which may include the exploitation of risk-related social cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Haak
- Department of Environmental Conservation and Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander D M Wilson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation and Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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2
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Haak CR, Hui FKC, Cowles GW, Danylchuk AJ. Positive interspecific associations consistent with social information use shape juvenile fish assemblages. Ecology 2019; 101:e02920. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Haak
- Department of Environmental Conservation & Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst 160 Holdsworth Way Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Francis K. C. Hui
- Research School of Finance Actuarial Studies and Statistics Australian National University Acton 2601 Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Geoffrey W. Cowles
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography School for Marine Science and Technology University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 836 South Rodney French Blvd. New Bedford Massachusetts 02744 USA
| | - Andy J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation & Intercampus Marine Science Graduate Program University of Massachusetts Amherst 160 Holdsworth Way Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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3
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Salas AK, Wilson PS, Fuiman LA. Ontogenetic change in predicted acoustic pressure sensitivity in larval red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.201962. [PMID: 31371400 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.201962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Detecting acoustic pressure can improve a fish's survival and fitness through increased sensitivity to environmental sounds. Pressure detection results from interactions between the swim bladder and otoliths. In larval fishes, those interactions change rapidly as growth and development alter bladder dimensions and otolith-bladder distance. We used computed tomography imagery of lab-reared larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in a finite-element model to assess ontogenetic changes in acoustic pressure sensitivity in response to a plane wave at frequencies within the frequency range of hearing by fishes. We compared the acceleration at points on the sagitta, asteriscus and lapillus when the bladder was air filled with results from models using a water-filled bladder. For larvae of 8.5-18 mm in standard length, the air-filled bladder amplified simulated otolith motion by a factor of 54-3485 times that of a water-filled bladder at 100 Hz. Otolith-bladder distance increased with standard length, which decreased modeled amplification. The concomitant rapid increase in bladder volume partially compensated for the effect of increasing otolith-bladder distance. Calculated resonant frequency of the bladders was between 8750 and 4250 Hz, and resonant frequency decreased with increasing bladder volume. There was a relatively flat frequency dependence of these effects in the audible frequency range, but we found a small increase in amplification with increasing excitation frequency. Using idealized geometry, we found that the larval vertebrae and ribs have negligible influence on bladder motion. Our results help clarify the auditory consequences of ontogenetic changes in bladder morphology and otolith-bladder relationships during larval stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria K Salas
- The University of Texas at Austin, Integrative Biology Department, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Preston S Wilson
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering Department, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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4
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Colleye O, Vetter BJ, Mohr RA, Seeley LH, Sisneros JA. Sexually dimorphic swim bladder extensions enhance the auditory sensitivity of female plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.204552. [PMID: 31221741 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, is a seasonally breeding, nocturnal marine teleost fish that produces acoustic signals for intraspecific social communication. Females rely on audition to detect and locate 'singing' males that produce multiharmonic advertisement calls in the shallow-water, intertidal breeding environments. Previous work showed that females possess sexually dimorphic, horn-like rostral swim bladder extensions that extend toward the primary auditory end organs, the saccule and lagena. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the rostral swim bladder extensions in females increase auditory sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies, which potentially could enhance mate detection and localization in shallow-water habitats. We recorded the auditory evoked potentials that originated from hair cell receptors in the saccule of control females with intact swim bladders and compared them with those from treated females (swim bladders removed) and type I males (intact swim bladders lacking rostral extensions). Saccular potentials were recorded from hair cell populations in vivo while behaviorally relevant pure-tone stimuli (75-1005 Hz) were presented by an underwater speaker. The results indicate that control females were approximately 5-11 dB re. 1 µPa more sensitive to sound pressure than treated females and type I males at the frequencies tested. A higher percentage of the evoked saccular potentials were recorded from control females at frequencies >305 Hz than from treated females and type I males. This enhanced sensitivity in females to sound pressure and higher frequencies may facilitate the acquisition of auditory information needed for conspecific localization and mate choice decisions during the breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphal Colleye
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA.,Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bât. B6c, Quartier Agora, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Brooke J Vetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Robert A Mohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Lane H Seeley
- Department of Physics, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98199-1997, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA .,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA
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5
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Boyle KS, Herrel A. Relative size variation of the otoliths, swim bladder, and Weberian apparatus structures in piranhas and pacus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) with different ecologies and its implications for the detection of sound stimuli. J Morphol 2018; 279:1849-1871. [PMID: 30443931 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Weberian apparatus of otophysan fishes confers acute hearing that is hypothesized to allow these fishes to assess the environment and to find food resources. The otophysan family Serrasalmidae (piranhas and pacus) includes species known to feed on falling fruits and seeds (frugivore/granivores) that splash in rivers, herbivorous species associated with torrents and rapids (rheophiles), and carnivores that feed aggressively within shoals. Relevant sound stimuli may vary among these ecological groups and hearing may be tuned to different cues among species. In this context, we examined size variation of the Weberian ossicles, swim bladder chambers, and otoliths of 20 serrasalmid species from three broad feeding ecologies: frugivore/granivores, rheophiles, and carnivores. We performed 3D-reconstructions of high resolution tomographic data (μCT) from 54 museum specimens to estimate the size of these elements. We then tested for an ecology effect on covariation of auditory structure size and body size and accounted for phylogeny with phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses. Among ecological groups, we observed differences in relative sizes of otoliths associated with sound pressure and particle motion detection, and variation in Weberian ossicle size that may impact sound transmission. Rheophiles, which live in noisy environments, possess the strongest modifications of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Boyle
- Département Adaptation du vivant, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N, Case postale 55, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptation du vivant, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N, Case postale 55, Paris Cedex 5, France
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6
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Neurocranium shape variation of piranhas and pacus (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) in association with ecology and phylogeny. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Mohr RA, Whitchurch EA, Anderson RD, Forlano PM, Fay RR, Ketten DR, Cox TC, Sisneros JA. Intra- and Intersexual swim bladder dimorphisms in the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus): Implications of swim bladder proximity to the inner ear for sound pressure detection. J Morphol 2017; 278:1458-1468. [PMID: 28691340 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, is a nocturnal marine teleost that uses social acoustic signals for communication during the breeding season. Nesting type I males produce multiharmonic advertisement calls by contracting their swim bladder sonic muscles to attract females for courtship and spawning while subsequently attracting cuckholding type II males. Here, we report intra- and intersexual dimorphisms of the swim bladder in a vocal teleost fish and detail the swim bladder dimorphisms in the three sexual phenotypes (females, type I and II males) of plainfin midshipman fish. Micro-computerized tomography revealed that females and type II males have prominent, horn-like rostral swim bladder extensions that project toward the inner ear end organs (saccule, lagena, and utricle). The rostral swim bladder extensions were longer, and the distance between these swim bladder extensions and each inner-ear end organ type was significantly shorter in both females and type II males compared to that in type I males. Our results revealed that the normalized swim bladder length of females and type II males was longer than that in type I males while there was no difference in normalized swim bladder width among the three sexual phenotypes. We predict that these intrasexual and intersexual differences in swim bladder morphology among midshipman sexual phenotypes will afford greater sound pressure sensitivity and higher frequency detection in females and type II males and facilitate the detection and localization of conspecifics in shallow water environments, like those in which midshipman breed and nest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1525
| | | | - Ryan D Anderson
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101
| | - Paul M Forlano
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, 11210
| | - Richard R Fay
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543
| | - Darlene R Ketten
- Boston University, Biomedical Engineering (Hearing Research Center) and Harvard Medical School, Otology and Laryngology, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115.,Biology Department, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101.,Department of Pediatrics (Craniofacial Medicine), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1525.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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8
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F. Diversity of Inner Ears in Fishes: Possible Contribution Towards Hearing Improvements and Evolutionary Considerations. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:341-91. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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9
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Boyle KS, Colleye O, Parmentier E. Sound production to electric discharge: sonic muscle evolution in progress in Synodontis spp. catfishes (Mochokidae). Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20141197. [PMID: 25080341 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the origins of complex biological structures has been one of the major challenges of evolutionary studies. Within vertebrates, the capacity to produce regular coordinated electric organ discharges (EODs) has evolved independently in different fish lineages. Intermediate stages, however, are not known. We show that, within a single catfish genus, some species are able to produce sounds, electric discharges or both signals (though not simultaneously). We highlight that both acoustic and electric communication result from actions of the same muscle. In parallel to their abilities, the studied species show different degrees of myofibril development in the sonic and electric muscle. The lowest myofibril density was observed in Synodontis nigriventris, which produced EODs but no swim bladder sounds, whereas the greatest myofibril density was observed in Synodontis grandiops, the species that produced the longest sound trains but did not emit EODs. Additionally, S. grandiops exhibited the lowest auditory thresholds. Swim bladder sounds were similar among species, while EODs were distinctive at the species level. We hypothesize that communication with conspecifics favoured the development of species-specific EOD signals and suggest an evolutionary explanation for the transition from a fast sonic muscle to electrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Boyle
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Orphal Colleye
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, Liège 4000, Belgium
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10
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Tricas TC, Boyle KS. Sound pressure enhances the hearing sensitivity of Chaetodon butterflyfishes on noisy coral reefs. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1585-95. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Butterflyfishes are conspicuous members of coral reefs that communicate with acoustic signals during social interactions with mates and other conspecifics. Members of the genus Chaetodon have a laterophysic connection (LC), a unique association of anterior swim bladder horns and the cranial lateral line, but the action of the LC system on auditory sensitivity was previously unexplored. Baseline auditory evoked potential threshold experiments show that Forcipiger flavissimus (which lacks swim bladder horns and LC) is sensitive to sound tones from 100 Hz up to 1000 Hz, and that thresholds for three species of Chaetodon were 10-15 dB lower with extended hearing ranges up to 1700-2000 Hz. The relatively high thresholds to sound pressure and low pass response near 500 Hz for all four species is consistent with a primary sensitivity to hydrodynamic particle acceleration rather than sound pressure. Deflation of the swim bladder in Forcipiger had no measurable effect on auditory sensitivity. In contrast, displacement of gas from the swim bladder horns in C. multicinctus and C. auriga increased thresholds (decreased sensitivity) by approximately 10 dB with the greatest effect at 600 Hz. The evolution of swim bladder horns associated with the LC system in Chaetodon has increased hearing sensitivity through sound pressure transduction in the frequency bands used for social acoustic communication. The close affiliative behaviors that are common in Chaetodon and other butterflyfish species facilitate sound perception and acoustic communication at close distances relative to the high background noise levels found in their natural reef environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Tricas
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA
| | - Kelly S. Boyle
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA
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11
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Bertucci F, Ruppé L, Van Wassenbergh S, Compère P, Parmentier E. New insights into the role of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus in the sound-producing mechanism of Haemulon flavolineatum (Haemulidae). J Exp Biol 2014; 217:3862-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Grunts are fish that are well known to vocalize, but how they produce their grunting sounds has not been clearly identified. In addition to characterizing acoustic signals and hearing in the French grunt Haemulon flavolineatum, the present study investigates the sound-production mechanism of this species by means of high-speed X-ray videos and scanning electron microscopy of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus. Vocalizations consist of a series of stridulatory sounds: grunts lasting ~47 ms with a mean period of 155 ms and a dominant frequency of ~700 Hz. Auditory capacity was determined to range from 100 to 600 Hz, with greatest sensitivity at 300 Hz (105.0±11.8 dB re. 1 μPa). This suggests that hearing is not tuned exclusively to detect the sounds of conspecifics. High-speed X-ray videos revealed how pharyngeal jaws move during sound production. Traces of erosion on teeth in the fourth ceratobranchial arch suggest that they are also involved in sound production. The similarity of motor patterns of the upper and lower pharyngeal jaws between food processing and sound production indicates that calling is an exaptation of the food-processing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bertucci
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liège, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | | | - Sam Van Wassenbergh
- Laboratory for Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Compère
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liège, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liège, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium
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12
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Kéver L, Colleye O, Herrel A, Romans P, Parmentier E. Hearing capacities and otolith size in two ophidiiform species (Ophidion rochei and Carapus acus). J Exp Biol 2014; 217:2517-25. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Numerous studies have highlighted the diversity of fish inner ear morphology. However, the function of shape, size, and orientation of the different structures remains poorly understood. The saccule (otolithic endorgan) is considered as the principal hearing organ in fishes and it has been hypothesized that sagitta (saccular otolith) shape and size affect hearing capacities: large sagittae are thought to increase sensitivity. The sagittae of many ophidiids and carapids occupy a large volume inside the neurocranium. Hence they are of great interest to test the size hypothesis. The main aim of this study was to investigate hearing capacities and inner ear morphology in two ophidiiform species: Ophidion rochei and Carapus acus. We used a multidisciplinary approach that combines dissections, μCT-scan examinations, and auditory evoked potential technique. Carapus acus and O. rochei sagittae have similar maximal diameter, both species have larger otoliths than many non-ophidiiform species especially compared to the intra-neurocranium (INC) volume. Both species are sensitive to sounds up to 2100 Hz. Relative to the skull, O. rochei had smaller sagittae than the carapid but better hearing capacities from 300 to 900 Hz and similar sensitivities at 150 Hz and from 1200 to 2100 Hz. Results show that hearing capacities of a fish species cannot be predicted only based on sagitta size. Larger otoliths (in size relative to the skull) may have evolved mainly for performing vestibular functions in fishes, especially those ones that need to execute precise and complex movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pascal Romans
- Observatoire Océanologique-Laboratoire Arago, France
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13
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Colleye O, Ovidio M, Salmon A, Parmentier E. Contribution to the study of acoustic communication in two Belgian river bullheads (Cottus rhenanus and C. perifretum) with further insight into the sound-producing mechanism. Front Zool 2013; 10:71. [PMID: 24245801 PMCID: PMC3879101 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The freshwater sculpins (genus Cottus) are small, bottom-living fishes widely distributed in North America and Europe. The taxonomy of European species has remained unresolved for a long time due to the overlap of morphological characters. Sound production has already been documented in some cottid representatives, with sounds being involved in courtship and agonistic interactions. Although the movements associated with sound production have been observed, the underlying mechanism remains incomplete. Here, we focus on two closely related species from Belgium: C. rhenanus and C. perifretum. This study aims 1) to record and to compare acoustic communication in both species, 2) to give further insight into the sound-producing mechanism and 3) to look for new morphological traits allowing species differentiation. RESULTS Both Cottus species produce multiple-pulsed agonistic sounds using a similar acoustic pattern: the first interpulse duration is always longer, making the first pulse unit distinct from the others. Recording sound production and hearing abilities showed a clear relationship between the sound spectra and auditory thresholds in both species: the peak frequencies of calls are around 150 Hz, which corresponds to their best hearing sensitivity. However, it appears that these fishes could not hear acoustic signals produced by conspecifics in their noisy habitat considering their hearing threshold expressed as sound pressure (~ 125 dB re 1 μPa). High-speed video recordings highlighted that each sound is produced during a complete back and forth movement of the pectoral girdle. CONCLUSIONS Both Cottus species use an acoustic pattern that remained conserved during species diversification. Surprisingly, calls do not seem to have a communicative function. On the other hand, fish could detect substrate vibrations resulting from movements carried out during sound production. Similarities in temporal and spectral characteristics also suggest that both species share a common sound-producing mechanism, likely based on pectoral girdle vibrations. From a morphological point of view, only the shape of the spinelike scales covering the body allows species differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphal Colleye
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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14
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A unique swim bladder-inner ear connection in a teleost fish revealed by a combined high-resolution microtomographic and three-dimensional histological study. BMC Biol 2013; 11:75. [PMID: 23826967 PMCID: PMC3720219 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-11-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most modern bony fishes (teleosts) hearing improvement is often correlated with a close morphological relationship between the swim bladder or other gas-filled cavities and the saccule or more rarely with the utricle. A connection of an accessory hearing structure to the third end organ, the lagena, has not yet been reported. A recent study in the Asian cichlid Etroplus maculatus provided the first evidence that a swim bladder may come close to the lagena. Our study was designed to uncover the swim bladder-inner ear relationship in this species. We used a new approach by applying a combination of two high-resolution techniques, namely microtomographic (microCT) imaging and histological serial semithin sectioning, providing the basis for subsequent three-dimensional reconstructions. Prior to the morphological study, we additionally measured auditory evoked potentials at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 3 kHz) to test the hearing abilities of the fish. Results E. maculatus revealed a complex swim bladder-inner ear connection in which a bipartite swim bladder extension contacts the upper as well as the lower parts of each inner ear, a condition not observed in any other teleost species studied so far. The gas-filled part of the extension is connected to the lagena via a thin bony lamella and is firmly attached to this bony lamella with connective material. The second part of the extension, a pad-like structure, approaches the posterior and horizontal semicircular canals and a recessus located posterior to the utricle. Conclusions Our study is the first detailed report of a link between the swim bladder and the lagena in a teleost species. We suggest that the lagena has an auditory function in this species because the most intimate contact exists between the swim bladder and this end organ. The specialized attachment of the saccule to the cranial bone and the close proximity of the swim bladder extension to the recessus located posterior to the utricle indicate that the saccule and the utricle also receive parallel inputs from the swim bladder extension. We further showed that a combination of non-destructive microCT imaging with histological analyses on the same specimen provides a powerful tool to decipher and interpret fine structures and to compensate for methodological artifacts.
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15
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Ladich F, Fay RR. Auditory evoked potential audiometry in fish. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2013; 23:317-364. [PMID: 26366046 PMCID: PMC4560088 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-012-9297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A recent survey lists more than 100 papers utilizing the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique for studying hearing in fishes. More than 95 % of these AEP-studies were published after Kenyon et al. introduced a non-invasive electrophysiological approach in 1998 allowing rapid evaluation of hearing and repeated testing of animals. First, our review compares AEP hearing thresholds to behaviorally gained thresholds. Second, baseline hearing abilities are described and compared in 111 fish species out of 51 families. Following this, studies investigating the functional significance of various accessory hearing structures (Weberian ossicles, swim bladder, otic bladders) by eliminating these morphological structures in various ways are dealt with. Furthermore, studies on the ontogenetic development of hearing are summarized. The AEP-technique was frequently used to study the effects of high sound/noise levels on hearing in particular by measuring the temporary threshold shifts after exposure to various noise types (white noise, pure tones and anthropogenic noises). In addition, the hearing thresholds were determined in the presence of noise (white, ambient, ship noise) in several studies, a phenomenon termed masking. Various ecological (e.g., temperature, cave dwelling), genetic (e.g., albinism), methodical (e.g., ototoxic drugs, threshold criteria, speaker choice) and behavioral (e.g., dominance, reproductive status) factors potentially influencing hearing were investigated. Finally, the technique was successfully utilized to study acoustic communication by comparing hearing curves with sound spectra either under quiet conditions or in the presence of noise, by analyzing the temporal resolution ability of the auditory system and the detection of temporal, spectral and amplitude characteristics of conspecific vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard R. Fay
- Marine Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
- 179 Woods Hole Rd., Falmouth, MA 02540 USA
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Ladich F. Diversity in Hearing in Fishes: Ecoacoustical, Communicative, and Developmental Constraints. INSIGHTS FROM COMPARATIVE HEARING RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/2506_2013_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Metscher B, Ladich F. Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42292. [PMID: 22879934 PMCID: PMC3413697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several teleost species have evolved anterior extensions of the swim bladder which come close to or directly contact the inner ears. A few comparative studies have shown that these morphological specializations may enhance hearing abilities. This study investigates the diversity of swim bladder morphology in four Asian and African cichlid species and analyzes how this diversity affects their hearing sensitivity. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied swim bladder morphology by dissections and by making 3D reconstructions from high-resolution microCT scans. The auditory sensitivity was determined in terms of sound pressure levels (SPL) and particle acceleration levels (PAL) using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique. The swim bladders in Hemichromis guttatus and Steatocranus tinanti lacked anterior extensions and the swim bladder was considerably small in the latter species. In contrast, Paratilapia polleni and especially Etroplus maculatus possessed anterior extensions bringing the swim bladder close to the inner ears. All species were able to detect frequencies up to 3 kHz (SPL) except S. tinanti which only responded to frequencies up to 0.7 kHz. P. polleni and E. maculatus showed significantly higher auditory sensitivities at 0.5 and 1 kHz than the two species lacking anterior swim bladder extensions. The highest auditory sensitivities were found in E. maculatus, which possessed the most intimate swim bladder-inner ear relationship (maximum sensitivity 66 dB re 1 µPa at 0.5 kHz). Conclusions Our results indicate that anterior swim bladder extensions seem to improve mean absolute auditory sensitivities by 21–42 dB (SPLs) and 21–36 dB (PALs) between 0.5 and 1 kHz. Besides anterior extensions, the size of the swim bladder appears to be an important factor for extending the detectable frequency range (up to 3 kHz).
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