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Ren Y, Xi Q, He Z, Sun H, Li S. Expression and Variations in EPO Associated with Oxygen Metabolism in Tibetan Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:535. [PMID: 38396503 PMCID: PMC10886301 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
After a long period of adaptive evolution, Tibetan sheep have adapted to the plateau environment in terms of genetics, physiology and biochemistry, but the mechanism of hypoxia adaptation has not been fully elucidated, and the functional genes and molecular mechanisms regulating the hypoxia adaptation of Tibetan sheep need to be further studied. In this study, Tibetan sheep were selected as the research object, and the mRNA expression levels of the hypoxa-related gene EPO in heart, lung, kidney, liver, spleen and longissimus dorsi muscle of Hu sheep (100 m) and Tibetan sheep at different altitudes (2500 m, 3500 m, 4500 m) were assessed by RT-qPCR. The SNPs loci were detected by sequencing and Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) technology, then the correlation between genetic polymorphism and blood gas was analyzed. The results show that the expression of the EPO gene was the highest in the kidney, indicating that the expression of EPO gene had tissue differences. The expression levels of the EPO gene in the heart, lung and liver of Tibetan sheep at a 4500 m altitude were significantly higher than those in Hu sheep (p < 0.05), and the levels in the hearts of Tibetan sheep increased with the increase in altitude. Three mutations were identified in the EPO gene, the SNPs (g.855 A > C) in exon 1 and the SNPs (g.1985 T > G and g.2115 G > C) in exon 4, which were named EPO-SNP1, EPO-SNP2 and EPO-SNP3, respectively, and all three SNPs showed three genotypes. Correlation analysis showed that g.2115 G > C sites were significantly correlated with pO2 (p < 0.05), and haplotype combinations were significantly correlated with pO2 (p < 0.05). Thesee results suggest that the expression of the EPO gene is altitude-differentiated and organ-differentiated, and the EPO gene variants have significant effects on pO2, which may be beneficial to the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to hypoxia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Qiming Xi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhaohua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongxian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the hub genes related to hypoxic adaptation in yak (Bos grunniens). Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1231-1246. [PMID: 34338989 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a mammal living at the highest altitude in the world, the yak has strong adaptability to the harsh natural environment (such as low temperature, scarce food, especially low oxygen) of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) after a long process of natural selection. OBJECTIVE Here, we used Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA), a systematic biology method, to identify hypoxic adaptation-related modules and hub genes. The research of the adaptability of yak against hypoxia is of great significance to identify the genetic characteristics and yak breeding. METHODS Based on the transcriptome sequencing data (PRJNA362606), the R package DESeq2 and WGCNA were conducted to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and construct the gene co-expression network. The module hub genes were identified and characterized by the correlation of gene and trait, module membership (kME). In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to explore the functions of hub genes. RESULTS Our results revealed that 1098, 1429, and 1645 DEGs were identified in muscle, spleen, and lung, respectively. Besides, a total of 13 gene co-expression modules were detected, of which two hypoxic adaptation-related modules (saddlebrown and turquoise) were found. We identified 39 and 150 hub genes in these two modules. Functional enrichment analyses showed that 12 GO terms and 18 KEGG pathways were enriched in the saddlebrown module while 85 GO terms and 22 KEGG pathways were enriched in the turquoise module. The significant pathways related to hypoxia adaptation include FoxO signaling pathway, Thermogenesis pathway, and Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathway, etc. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we obtained two hypoxia-related specific modules and identified hub genes based on the connectivity by constructing a weighted gene co-expression network. Function enrichment analysis of two modules revealed mitochondrion is the most important organelle for hypoxia adaptation. Moreover, the insulin-related pathways and thermogenic-related pathways played a major role. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for further understanding the molecular mechanism of yak adaptation to hypoxia.
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Comparative study of erythrocyte morphology and size in relation to ecophysiological adaptations in Rodentia species. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The Role of Geographical and Ecological Factors on Population Divergence of the Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis (Carnivora, Mustelidae). Evol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Holding ML, Biardi JE, Gibbs HL. Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2841. [PMID: 27122552 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring local adaptation can provide insights into how coevolution occurs between predators and prey. Specifically, theory predicts that local adaptation in functionally matched traits of predators and prey will not be detected when coevolution is governed by escalating arms races, whereas it will be present when coevolution occurs through an alternate mechanism of phenotype matching. Here, we analyse local adaptation in venom activity and prey resistance across 12 populations of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes and California ground squirrels, an interaction that has often been described as an arms race. Assays of venom function and squirrel resistance show substantial geographical variation (influenced by site elevation) in both venom metalloproteinase activity and resistance factor effectiveness. We demonstrate local adaptation in the effectiveness of rattlesnake venom to overcoming present squirrel resistance, suggesting that phenotype matching plays a role in the coevolution of these molecular traits. Further, the predator was the locally adapted antagonist in this interaction, arguing that rattlesnakes are evolutionarily ahead of their squirrel prey. Phenotype matching needs to be considered as an important mechanism influencing coevolution between venomous animals and resistant prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Holding
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - James E Biardi
- Biology Department, Fairfield University, 1073 North Benson Road, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA
| | - H Lisle Gibbs
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Ohio Biodiversity Conservation Partnership, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Bonnet X, El Hassani MS, Lecq S, Michel CL, El Mouden EH, Michaud B, Slimani T. Blood mixtures: impact of puncture site on blood parameters. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:787-800. [PMID: 27146147 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-0993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various puncture routes, veins, arteries, heart, are used to take blood in animals. For anatomical reasons, differences in blood composition are expected among puncture sites. However, this issue has been rarely assessed and contrasted results have been reported: strong effects of puncture site versus a lack of effect. We captured free-ranging freshwater turtles from different locations to compare the mean concentrations of 12 blood parameters (metabolites, hormone, ions, and enzyme) among three puncture sites: (1) a lateral branch of the jugular vein, (2) a dorsal subcarapacial cervical plexus (sometimes incorrectly referred as the 'cervical sinus' in the literature), and (3) a caudal plexus site (sometimes incorrectly referred as the 'caudal sinus'). Because we used very small syringes (27-30G), we were able to separate lymph, blood, or blood-lymph mixtures. Our results show very strong effects of puncture site and of mixture level (mean maximal difference between sites was 250 %). We also found strong sex and geographical effects. Typically, there were differences in concentrations of blood solutes sampled from the lateral jugular vein and subcarapacial plexus, mainly due to sampling a mixture of blood and lymph from the 'blood' at the subcarapacial site and pure blood from the lateral jugular site, and likewise, samples from the caudal site were highly variable due to often sampling a mixture of blood and lymph. These results have technical and fundamental implications, especially when performing comparative analyses. Further, by selecting precise puncture sites, physiological differences between lymph and blood compartments could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Bonnet
- Centre d'Etude Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-ULR, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France.
| | - M S El Hassani
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Dynamique des Ecosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP: 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - S Lecq
- Centre d'Etude Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-ULR, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- , 17 rue Denis Diderot, 44600, Saint Nazaire, France
| | - C L Michel
- Centre d'Etude Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-ULR, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
- , 6 Routes des Maures, 83660, Carnoules, France
| | - E H El Mouden
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Dynamique des Ecosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP: 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - B Michaud
- Centre d'Etude Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-ULR, 79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - T Slimani
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Dynamique des Ecosystèmes, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP: 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
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Braun JP, Bourgès-Abella N, Geffré A, Concordet D, Trumel C. The preanalytic phase in veterinary clinical pathology. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 44:8-25. [PMID: 25438659 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the general causes of preanalytic variability with a few examples showing specialists and practitioners that special and improved care should be given to this too often neglected phase. The preanalytic phase of clinical pathology includes all the steps from specimen collection to analysis. It is the phase where most laboratory errors occur in human, and probably also in veterinary clinical pathology. Numerous causes may affect the validity of the results, including technical factors, such as the choice of anticoagulant, the blood vessel sampled, and the duration and conditions of specimen handling. While the latter factors can be defined, influence of biologic and physiologic factors such as feeding and fasting, stress, and biologic and endocrine rhythms can often not be controlled. Nevertheless, as many factors as possible should at least be documented. The importance of the preanalytic phase is often not given the necessary attention, although the validity of the results and consequent clinical decision making and medical management of animal patients would likely be improved if the quality of specimens submitted to the laboratory was optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Braun
- Sciences cliniques, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, ENVT, UMS 0006, Toulouse, France
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Seymour M, Ott K, Guertin D, Golden H, McDonald D, Ben-David M. Early Holocene glacial retreat isolated populations of river otters (Lontra canadensis) along the Alaskan coast. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pleistocene climatic oscillations have resulted in high rates of speciation. Lesser known are speciation events related to recent glacial retreats. During the early Holocene many Alaskan coastal glaciers receded, exposing much of the Kodiak Island Archipelago (KOD), the Kenai Peninsula, and Prince William Sound (PWS). Using fecal DNA analyses on samples collected in KOD, PWS, Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ), Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM), and Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC), we found isolation by distance to be an important mechanism for the divergence of populations of river otters ( Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) along the Pacific coast. Nonetheless, our results also demonstrated that KOD river otters appear to be more isolated genetically from their mainland conspecifics (approximately 50 km away), as river otters inhabiting PWS are from those in BC (over 2500 km away). In addition, KATM and KOD otters likely differentiated from one ancestral stock that inhabited the southwestern shores of Alaska during the Pleistocene and was isolated from more easterly populations by distance. The low genetic diversity among KOD river otters, compared with similar subpopulations in PWS, is likely the result of a founder effect and limited gene flow among the different islands within the Archipelago. Our observation that glacial retreat, rising sea levels, and formation of the Gulf of Alaska Coastal Current in the early Holocene likely led to divergence of populations of river otters, a highly mobile semiaquatic mammal, highlights the potential for future speciation events related to current climate change and ocean currents in coastal animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Seymour
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - K.E. Ott
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - D.A. Guertin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - H.N. Golden
- Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, AK 99518, USA
| | - D.B. McDonald
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - M. Ben-David
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Ben-David M, Newsome SD, Whiteman JP. Lipid and amino acid composition influence incorporation and discrimination of13C and15N in mink. J Mammal 2012. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-s-168.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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