1
|
Mendoza E, Martinez M, Olberding JP, Azizi E. The effects of temperature on elastic energy storage and release in a system with a dynamic mechanical advantage latch. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245805. [PMID: 37727106 PMCID: PMC10617612 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Changes in temperature alter muscle kinetics and in turn affect whole-organism performance. Some organisms use the elastic recoil of biological springs, structures which are far less temperature sensitive, to power thermally robust movements. For jumping frogs, the use of elastic energy in tendons is facilitated through a geometric latching mechanism that operates through dynamic changes in the mechanical advantage (MA) of the hindlimb. Despite the well-documented use of elastic energy storage, frog jumping is a locomotor behavior that is significantly affected by changes in temperature. Here, we used an in vitro muscle preparation interacting in real time with an in silico model of a legged jumper to understand how changes in temperature affect the flow of energy in a system using a MA latch. We used the plantaris longus muscle-tendon unit (MTU) to power a virtual limb with changing MA and a mass being accelerated through a real-time feedback controller. We quantified the amount of energy stored in and recovered from elastic structures and the additional contribution of direct muscle work after unlatching. We found that temperature altered the duration of the energy loading and recovery phase of the in vitro/in silico experiments. We found that the early phase of loading was insensitive to changes in temperature. However, an increase in temperature did increase the rate of force development, which in turn allowed for increased energy storage in the second phase of loading. We also found that the contribution of direct muscle work after unlatching was substantial and increased significantly with temperature. Our results show that the thermal robustness achieved by an elastic mechanism depends strongly on the nature of the latch that mediates energy flow, and that the relative contribution of elastic and direct muscle energy likely shapes the thermal sensitivity of locomotor systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mendoza
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maya Martinez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Olberding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Emanuel Azizi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Solsona R, Méline T, Borrani F, Deriaz R, Lacroix J, Normand-Gravier T, Candau R, Racinais S, Sanchez AM. Active recovery vs hot- or cold-water immersion for repeated sprint ability after a strenuous exercise training session in elite skaters. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1126-1135. [PMID: 37722830 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2259267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the acute effects of three recovery methods: active recovery (AR), hot- and cold-water immersion (HWI and CWI, respectively), used between two training sessions in elite athletes. Twelve national-team skaters (7 males, 5 females) completed three trials according to a randomized cross-over study. Fifteen minutes after an exhaustive ice-skating training session, participants underwent 20 min of HWI (41.1 ± 0.5°C), 15 min of CWI (12.1 ± 0.7°C) or 15 min of active recovery (AR). After 1 h 30 min of the first exercise, they performed a repeated-sprint cycling session. Average power output was slightly but significantly higher for AR (767 ± 179 W) and HWI (766 ± 170 W) compared to CWI (738 ± 156 W) (p = 0.026, d = 0.18). No statistical difference was observed between the conditions for both lactatemia and rating of perceived exertion. Furthermore, no significant effect of recovery was observed on the fatigue index calculated from the repeated sprint cycling exercises (p > 0.05). Finally, a positive correlation was found between the average muscle temperature measured during the recoveries and the maximal power output obtained during cycling exercises. In conclusion, the use of CWI in between high-intensity training sessions could slightly impair the performance outcomes compared to AR and HWI. However, studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these results, especially in less trained athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Solsona
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
| | - Thibaut Méline
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
- University of Montpellier, Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRAE, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roméo Deriaz
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
| | - Jérôme Lacroix
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
- Service de médecine du sport, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Tom Normand-Gravier
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
- University of Montpellier, Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRAE, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Candau
- University of Montpellier, Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRAE, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anthony Mj Sanchez
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Font-Romeu, France Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Sante Environnement de Montagne (LIPSEM)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Temperature influences many physiological processes that govern life as a result of the thermal sensitivity of chemical reactions. The repeated evolution of endothermy and widespread behavioral thermoregulation in animals highlight the importance of elevating tissue temperature to increase the rate of chemical processes. Yet, movement performance that is robust to changes in body temperature has been observed in numerous species. This thermally robust performance appears exceptional in light of the well-documented effects of temperature on muscle contractile properties, including shortening velocity, force, power and work. Here, we propose that the thermal robustness of movements in which mechanical processes replace or augment chemical processes is a general feature of any organismal system, spanning kingdoms. The use of recoiling elastic structures to power movement in place of direct muscle shortening is one of the most thoroughly studied mechanical processes; using these studies as a basis, we outline an analytical framework for detecting thermal robustness, relying on the comparison of temperature coefficients (Q 10 values) between chemical and mechanical processes. We then highlight other biomechanical systems in which thermally robust performance that arises from mechanical processes may be identified using this framework. Studying diverse movements in the context of temperature will both reveal mechanisms underlying performance and allow the prediction of changes in performance in response to a changing thermal environment, thus deepening our understanding of the thermal ecology of many organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Olberding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, 321 Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephen M Deban
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evolution of a high-performance and functionally robust musculoskeletal system in salamanders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10445-10454. [PMID: 32341147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921807117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of ballistic tongue projection in plethodontid salamanders-a high-performance and thermally robust musculoskeletal system-is ideal for examining how the components required for extreme performance in animal movement are assembled in evolution. Our comparative data on whole-organism performance measured across a range of temperatures and the musculoskeletal morphology of the tongue apparatus were examined in a phylogenetic framework and combined with data on muscle contractile physiology and neural control. Our analysis reveals that relatively minor evolutionary changes in morphology and neural control have transformed a muscle-powered system with modest performance and high thermal sensitivity into a spring-powered system with extreme performance and functional robustness in the face of evolutionarily conserved muscle contractile physiology. Furthermore, these changes have occurred in parallel in both major clades of this largest family of salamanders. We also find that high-performance tongue projection that exceeds available muscle power and thermal robustness of performance coevolve, both being emergent properties of the same elastic-recoil mechanism. Among the taxa examined, we find muscle-powered and fully fledged elastic systems with enormous performance differences, but no intermediate forms, suggesting that incipient elastic mechanisms do not persist in evolutionary time. A growing body of data from other elastic systems suggests that similar coevolution of traits may be found in other ectothermic animals with high performance, particularly those for which thermoregulation is challenging or ecologically costly.
Collapse
|
5
|
Caruso NM, Rissler LJ. Demographic consequences of climate variation along an elevational gradient for a montane terrestrial salamander. POPUL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Caruso
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama
| | - Leslie J. Rissler
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jessop TS, Lane M, Wilson RS, Narayan EJ. Testing for Short- and Long-Term Thermal Plasticity in Corticosterone Responses of an Ectothermic Vertebrate. Physiol Biochem Zool 2018; 91:967-975. [PMID: 29863953 DOI: 10.1086/698664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, broadly defined as the capacity of one genotype to produce more than one phenotype, is a key mechanism for how animals adapt to environmental (including thermal) variation. Vertebrate glucocorticoid hormones exert broad-scale regulation of physiological, behavioral, and morphological traits that influence fitness under many life-history or environmental contexts. Yet the capacity for vertebrates to demonstrate different types of thermal plasticity, including rapid compensation or longer acclimation in glucocorticoid hormone function, when subject to different environmental temperature regimes remains poorly addressed. Here, we explore whether patterns of urinary corticosterone metabolites respond (i.e., evidence of acclimation) to repeated short-term and sustained long-term temperature exposures in an amphibian, the cane toad (Rhinella marina). In response to three repeated short (30-min) high-temperature (37°C) exposures (at 10-d intervals), toads produced urinary corticosterone metabolite responses of sequentially greater magnitude, relative to controls. However, toads subjected to 4 wk of acclimation to either cool (18°C)- or warm (30°C)-temperature environments did not differ significantly in their urinary corticosterone metabolite responses during exposure to a thermal ramp (18°-36°C). Together, these results indicate that adult toads had different, including limited, capacities for their glucocorticoid responses to demonstrate plasticity to different regimes of environmental temperature variation. We advocate further research as necessary to identify plasticity, or lack thereof, in glucocorticoid physiology, to better understand how vertebrates can regulate organismal responses to environmental variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Jessop
- 1 Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Meagan Lane
- 2 School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robbie S Wilson
- 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Edward J Narayan
- 4 School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effect of chronic low body temperature on feeding and gut passage in a plethodontid salamander. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:319-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Kosmala G, Christian K, Brown G, Shine R. Locomotor performance of cane toads differs between native-range and invasive populations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170517. [PMID: 28791174 PMCID: PMC5541569 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species provide a robust opportunity to evaluate how animals deal with novel environmental challenges. Shifts in locomotor performance-and thus the ability to disperse-(and especially, the degree to which it is constrained by thermal and hydric extremes) are of special importance, because they might affect the rate that an invader can spread. We studied cane toads (Rhinella marina) across a broad geographical range: two populations within the species' native range in Brazil, two invasive populations on the island of Hawai'i and eight invasive populations encompassing the eastern, western and southern limits of the toad invasion in Australia. A toad's locomotor performance on a circular raceway was strongly affected by both its temperature and its hydration state, but the nature and magnitude of those constraints differed across populations. In their native range, cane toads exhibited relatively low performance (even under optimal test conditions) and a rapid decrease in performance at lower temperatures and hydration levels. At the other extreme, performance was high in toads from southern Australia, and virtually unaffected by desiccation. Hawai'ian toads broadly resembled their Brazilian conspecifics, plausibly reflecting similar climatic conditions. The invasion of Australia has been accompanied by a dramatic enhancement in the toads' locomotor abilities, and (in some populations) by an ability to maintain locomotor performance even when the animal is cold and/or dehydrated. The geographical divergences in performance among cane toad populations graphically attest to the adaptability of invasive species in the face of novel abiotic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kosmala
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Keith Christian
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Gregory Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cortes PA, Puschel H, Acuña P, Bartheld JL, Bozinovic F. Thermal ecological physiology of native and invasive frog species: do invaders perform better? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow056. [PMID: 27933168 PMCID: PMC5141634 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are recognized as an important biotic component of global change that threatens the composition, structure and functioning of ecosystems, resulting in loss of biodiversity and displacement of native species. Although ecological characteristics facilitating the establishment and spread of non-native species are widely recognized, little is known about organismal attributes underlying invasion success. In this study, we tested the effect of thermal acclimation on thermal tolerance and locomotor performance in the invasive Xenopus laevis and the Chilean native Calyptocephalella gayi. In particular, the maximal righting performance (μMAX), optimal temperature (TO), lower (CTmin) and upper critical thermal limits (CTmax), thermal breadth (Tbr) and the area under the performance curve (AUC) were studied after 6 weeks acclimation to 10 and 20°C. We observed higher values of μmax and AUC in X. laevis in comparison to C. gayi. On the contrary, the invasive species showed lower values of CTmin in comparison to the native one. In contrast, CTmax, TO and Tbr showed no inter-specific differences. Moreover, we found that both species have the ability to acclimate their locomotor performance and lower thermal tolerance limit at low temperatures. Our results demonstrate that X. laevis is a better performer than C. gayi. Although there were differences in CTmin, the invasive and native frogs did not differ in their thermal tolerance. Interestingly, in both species the lower and upper critical thermal limits are beyond the minimal and maximal temperatures encountered in nature during the coldest and hottest month, respectively. Overall, our findings suggest that both X. laevis and C. gayi would be resilient to climate warming expectations in Chile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Cortes
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile
| | - Hans Puschel
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile
| | - Paz Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Bartheld
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rospars JP, Meyer-Vernet N. Force per cross-sectional area from molecules to muscles: a general property of biological motors. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160313. [PMID: 27493785 PMCID: PMC4968477 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose to formally extend the notion of specific tension, i.e. force per cross-sectional area-classically used for muscles, to quantify forces in molecular motors exerting various biological functions. In doing so, we review and compare the maximum tensions exerted by about 265 biological motors operated by about 150 species of different taxonomic groups. The motors considered range from single molecules and motile appendages of microorganisms to whole muscles of large animals. We show that specific tensions exerted by molecular and non-molecular motors follow similar statistical distributions, with in particular, similar medians and (logarithmic) means. Over the 10(19) mass (M) range of the cell or body from which the motors are extracted, their specific tensions vary as M(α) with α not significantly different from zero. The typical specific tension found in most motors is about 200 kPa, which generalizes to individual molecular motors and microorganisms a classical property of macroscopic muscles. We propose a basic order-of-magnitude interpretation of this result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Rospars
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1392 Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicole Meyer-Vernet
- LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, UPMC, Sorbonne University, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 92195 Cedex Meudon, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marvin GA, Davis K, Dawson J. Effect of acute low body temperature on predatory behavior and prey-capture efficiency in a plethodontid salamander. Physiol Behav 2016; 158:121-7. [PMID: 26939728 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The low-temperature limit for feeding in some salamander species (Desmognathus, Plethodontidae) has been inferred from field studies of seasonal variation in salamander activity and gut contents, which could not determine whether feeding is more dependent on environmental conditions influencing salamander foraging behavior or prey availability and movement. We performed two controlled laboratory experiments to examine the effect of short-term (acute) low body temperature on predatory behavior and prey-capture efficiency in a semiaquatic plethodontid salamander (Desmognathus conanti). In the first experiment, we quantified variation in the feeding responses of cold salamanders (at 1, 3, 5 and 7°C) to a video recording of a walking, warm (15°C) cricket to determine the lower thermal limit for predatory behavior, independent of any temperature effect on movement of prey. Experimental-group salamanders exhibited vigorous feeding responses at 5 and 7°C, large variation in feeding responses both among and within individuals (over time) at 3°C, and little to no feeding response at 1°C. Feeding responses at both 1 and 3°C were significantly less than at each higher temperature, whereas responses of control-group individuals at 15°C did not vary over time. In the second experiment, we quantified feeding by cold salamanders (at 3, 5, 7 and 11°C) on live, warm crickets to examine thermal effects on prey-capture ability. The mean feeding response to live crickets was significantly less at 3°C than at higher temperatures; however, 50% of salamanders captured and ingested prey with high efficiency at this temperature. We conclude that many individuals stalk and capture prey at very low temperatures (down to 3°C). Our results support a growing body of data that indicate many plethodontid salamanders feed at temperatures only a few degrees above freezing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Marvin
- Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Box 5048, 1 Harrison Plaza, Florence, AL 35632-0002, USA.
| | - Kayla Davis
- Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Box 5048, 1 Harrison Plaza, Florence, AL 35632-0002, USA
| | - Jacob Dawson
- Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Box 5048, 1 Harrison Plaza, Florence, AL 35632-0002, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The thermoprotective mechanisms of insects remain largely unknown. We reported the Bombyx mori contractile (cot) behavioral mutant with thermo-sensitive seizures phenotype. At elevated temperatures, the cot mutant exhibit seizures associated with strong contractions, rolling, vomiting, and a temporary lack of movement. We narrowed a region containing cot to ~268 kb by positional cloning and identified the mutant gene as Bmsei which encoded a potassium channel protein. Bmsei was present in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm in wild-type ganglia but faint in cot. Furthermore, Bmsei was markedly decreased upon high temperature treatment in cot mutant. With the RNAi method and injecting potassium channel blockers, the wild type silkworm was induced the cot phenotype. These results demonstrated that Bmsei was responsible for the cot mutant phenotype and played an important role in thermoprotection in silkworm. Meanwhile, comparative proteomic approach was used to investigate the proteomic differences. The results showed that the protein of Hsp-1 and Tn1 were significantly decreased and increased on protein level in cot mutant after thermo-stimulus, respectively. Our data provide insights into the mechanism of thermoprotection in insect. As cot phenotype closely resembles human epilepsy, cot might be a potential model for the mechanism of epilepsy in future.
Collapse
|
13
|
Deban SM, Scales JA. Dynamics and thermal sensitivity of ballistic and non-ballistic feeding in salamanders. J Exp Biol 2015; 219:431-44. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature reduces the performance of muscle-powered movements, but in movements powered by elastic-recoil mechanisms, this effect can be mitigated and performance can be increased. To better understand the morphological basis of high performance and thermal robustness of elastically powered movements, we compared feeding dynamics at a range of temperatures (5-25°C) in two species of terrestrial plethodontid salamanders, Plethodon metcalfi and Ensatina eschscholtzii, which differ in tongue muscle architecture and the mechanism of tongue projection. We found that Ensatina is capable of ballistic projection with a mean muscle-mass-specific power of 2100 W kg−1, revealing an elastic mechanism. Plethodon, in contrast, projected its tongue non-ballistically with a mean power of only 18 W kg−1, indicating it is muscle-powered. Ensatina projected the tongue significantly farther than Plethodon and with dynamics that had significantly lower thermal sensitivity at temperatures below 15°C. These performance differences were correlated with morphological differences, namely elongated collagenous aponeuroses in the projector muscle of Ensatina as compared to Plethodon which are likely the site of energy storage, and the absence in Ensatina of projector muscle fibers attaching to the tongue skeleton that allows projection to be truly ballistic. These findings demonstrate that, in these otherwise similar species, the presence in one species of elaborated connective tissue in series with myofibers confers not only 10-fold greater absolute performance but also greater thermal robustness of performance. We conclude that changes in muscle and connective-tissue architecture are sufficient to alter significantly the mechanics, performance and thermal robustness of musculoskeletal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Deban
- Department of Integrative Biology, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Scales
- Department of Integrative Biology, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Science Center 110, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu C, Dang W, Luo L, Lu H. Aquatic and terrestrial locomotor performance of juvenile three-keeled pond turtles acclimated to different temperatures. ANIM BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-00002475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion is important for behaviors such as foraging and predator avoidance, and is influenced by temperature in ectotherms. To investigate this in turtles, we acclimated juvenile Chinese three-keeled pond turtles, Chinemys reevesii, under three thermal conditions for four weeks. Subsequently, we measured three locomotor performances (swimming, running, and righting) at different test temperatures. Overall, swimming and running speeds of turtles increased with increasing test temperature in the range of 13-33°C and decreased at higher test temperatures, whereas righting time decreased with increasing test temperature in the range of 13-33°C and slightly increased at higher test temperatures. Acclimation temperature affected both swimming and running speeds, with the high temperature-acclimated turtles swimming and running faster than low temperature-acclimated turtles, but it did not affect righting performance. From the constructed thermal performance curves, between-group differences were found in the estimated maximal speed (swimming and running) and optimal temperature, but not in the performance breadth. Juvenile turtles acclimated to relatively warm temperatures had better performances than those acclimated to cool temperatures, supporting the “hotter is better” hypothesis. A similar acclimatory change was found during aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in juvenile C. reevesii. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that animals from less thermally variable environments should have a greater acclimatory ability than those from more variable environments, because turtles were acclimated under aquatic environments with no thermal variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Xu
- 1Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Wei Dang
- 1Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| | - Laigao Luo
- 2School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou Anhui, 239000, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- 1Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Adaptation and Evolution, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mineo PM, Schaeffer PJ. Does the thermal plasticity of metabolic enzymes underlie thermal compensation of locomotor performance in the eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens)? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 323:52-9. [PMID: 25382581 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) upregulate the metabolic capacity of skeletal muscle in winter to compensate for thermodynamic effects on metabolism. However, whether this compensation facilitates locomotor performance at low temperature is unknown. Therefore, our aim was to determine if thermal acclimation of metabolic enzymes in muscle benefits locomotion. Eastern newts from southern Ohio were acclimated to cold (5°C, 10:14 L:D) or warm (25°C, 14:10 L:D) conditions for 12 weeks. Following acclimation, we measured the locomotor performance (burst speed and time until exhaustion) and the activities of metabolic enzymes in skeletal muscle at 5-30°C. Creatine kinase (CK) activity in skeletal muscle was higher in cold compared to warm-acclimated newts, and cold-acclimated newts had a higher burst speed at low temperature compared to warm-acclimated newts. At low temperature, time until exhaustion was higher in cold compared to warm-acclimated newts, but the activities of citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in muscle were lower in cold compared to warm-acclimated newts. Together, these results demonstrate that eastern newts compensate for the effects of low temperature on locomotor performance. Whereas thermal compensation of CK activity is correlated with burst locomotion at low temperature, aerobic enzymes in skeletal muscle (CS and CCO) are not linked to compensation of sustained locomotion.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hillman SS, Drewes RC, Hedrick MS, Hancock TV. Physiological Vagility: Correlations with Dispersal and Population Genetic Structure of Amphibians. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:105-12. [DOI: 10.1086/671109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Effect of temperature, photoperiod, and feeding on the rate of tail regeneration in a semiaquatic plethodontid salamander. J Therm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
A review of the thermal sensitivity of the mechanics of vertebrate skeletal muscle. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 183:723-33. [PMID: 23483325 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-013-0748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental temperature varies spatially and temporally, affecting many aspects of an organism's biology. In ectotherms, variation in environmental temperature can cause parallel changes in skeletal muscle temperature, potentially leading to significant alterations in muscle performance. Endotherms can also undergo meaningful changes in skeletal muscle temperature that can affect muscle performance. Alterations in skeletal muscle temperature can affect contractile performance in both endotherms and ectotherms, changing the rates of force generation and relaxation, shortening velocity, and consequently mechanical power. Such alterations in the mechanical performance of skeletal muscle can in turn affect locomotory performance and behaviour. For instance, as temperature increases, a consequent improvement in limb muscle performance causes some lizard species to be more likely to flee from a potential predator. However, at lower temperatures, they are much more likely to stand their ground, show threatening displays and even bite. There is no consistent pattern in reported effects of temperature on skeletal muscle fatigue resistance. This review focuses on the effects of temperature variation on skeletal muscle performance in vertebrates, and investigates the thermal sensitivity of different mechanical measures of skeletal muscle performance. The plasticity of thermal sensitivity in skeletal muscle performance has been reviewed to investigate the extent to which individuals can acclimate to chronic changes in their thermal environment. The effects of thermal sensitivity of muscle performance are placed in a wider context by relating thermal sensitivity of skeletal muscle performance to aspects of vertebrate species distribution.
Collapse
|
19
|
Limited capacity for acclimation of thermal physiology in a salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum. J Comp Physiol B 2012; 183:409-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Tattersall GJ, Tyson TM, Lenchyshyn JR, Carlone RL. Temperature preference during forelimb regeneration in the red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 317:248-58. [PMID: 22539209 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) are model organisms for regenerative research. These animals can regenerate limbs, tails, jaws, spinal cords, as well as the lens of the eye. Newts are small ectotherms that are aquatic as adults; as ectotherms, they naturally conform to the temperature of their surroundings. Environmental temperatures, however, can increase or decrease the red-spotted newt's metabolic processes, including their rate of tissue regeneration; whether an optimal temperature for this rate of regeneration exists is unknown. However, newts do exhibit behavioral preferences for certain temperatures, and these thermal preferences can change with season or with acclimation. Given this flexibility in behavioral thermoregulation, we hypothesized that the process of tissue regeneration could also affect thermal preference, given the metabolic costs or altered temperature sensitivities of tissue regrowth. It was predicted that regenerating newts would select an environmental temperature that maximized the rate of regeneration, however, this prediction was not fully supported. Thermal preference trials revealed that newts consistently selected temperatures between 24 and 25°C throughout regeneration. This temperature selection was warmer than that of uninjured conspecifics, but was lower than temperatures that would have further augmented the rate of regeneration. Interestingly, regenerating newts maintained a more stable temperature preference than sham newts, suggesting that accuracy in thermoregulation may be more important to regenerating individuals, than to noninjured individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn J Tattersall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deban SM, Richardson JC. Cold-blooded snipers: thermal independence of ballistic tongue projection in the salamander Hydromantes platycephalus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 315:618-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Deban SM, Lappin AK. Thermal effects on the dynamics and motor control of ballistic prey capture in toads: maintaining high performance at low temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 214:1333-46. [PMID: 21430211 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.048405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature has a strong influence on biological rates, including the contractile rate properties of muscle and thereby the velocity, acceleration and power of muscle-powered movements. We hypothesized that the dynamics of movements powered by elastic recoil have a lower thermal dependence than muscle-powered movements. We examined the prey capture behavior of toads (Bufo terrestris) using high speed imaging and electromyography to compare the effects of body temperature (11-35°C) on the kinematics, dynamics and motor control of two types of movement: (1) ballistic mouth opening and tongue projection, which are powered by elastic recoil, and (2) non-ballistic prey transport, including tongue retraction and mouth closing, which are powered directly by muscle contraction. Over 11-25°C, temperature coefficients of ballistic mouth opening and tongue projection dynamics (Q(10) of 0.99-1.25) were not significantly different from 1.00 and were consistently lower than those of prey transport movements (Q(10) of 1.77-2.26), supporting our main hypothesis. The depressor mandibulae muscle, which is responsible for ballistic mouth opening and tongue projection via the recovery of elastic strain energy stored by the muscle prior to the onset of the movement, was activated earlier and for a longer duration at lower temperatures (Q(10) of 2.29-2.41), consistent with a slowing of its contractile rates. Muscle recruitment was unaffected by temperature, as revealed by the lack of thermal dependence in the intensity of activity of both the jaw depressor and jaw levator muscles (Q(10) of 0.754-1.12). Over the 20-35°C range, lower thermal dependence was found for the dynamics of non-elastic movements and the motor control of both elastic and non-elastic movements, in accord with a plateau of high performance found in other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Deban
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Connette GM, Price SJ, Dorcas ME. Influence of Abiotic Factors on Activity in a Larval Stream Salamander Assemblage. SOUTHEAST NAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1656/058.010.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. Price
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035–7118
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Marvin GA. Effect of Caudal Autotomy on Aquatic and Terrestrial Locomotor Performance in Two Desmognathine Salamander Species. COPEIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1643/cp-09-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Johnson JR, Johnson BB, Bradley Shaffer H. Genotype and temperature affect locomotor performance in a tiger salamander hybrid swarm. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
27
|
Šamajová P, Gvoždík L. Inaccurate or disparate temperature cues? Seasonal acclimation of terrestrial and aquatic locomotor capacity in newts. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Lowe K, FitzGibbon S, Seebacher F, Wilson RS. Physiological and behavioural responses to seasonal changes in environmental temperature in the Australian spiny crayfish Euastacus sulcatus. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 180:653-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Deban SM, Schilling N. Activity of trunk muscles during aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in Ambystoma maculatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 212:2949-59. [PMID: 19717677 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.032961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The activity of seven trunk muscles was recorded at two sites along the trunk in adult spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, during swimming and during trotting in water and on land. Several muscles showed patterns of activation that are consistent with the muscles producing a traveling wave of lateral bending during swimming and a standing wave of bending during aquatic and terrestrial trotting: the dorsalis trunci, subvertebralis lateralis and medialis, rectus lateralis and obliquus internus. The interspinalis showed a divergent pattern and was active out of phase with the other muscles suggesting that it functions in vertebral stabilization rather than lateral bending. The obliquus internus and rectus abdominis showed bilateral activity indicating that they counteract sagittal extension of the trunk that is produced when the large dorsal muscles are active to produce lateral bending. Of the muscles examined, only the obliquus internus showed a clear shift in function from lateral bending during swimming to resistance of long-axis torsion during trotting. During terrestrial trotting, muscle recruitment was greater in several muscles than during aquatic trotting, despite similar temporal patterns of muscle activation, suggesting that the trunk is stiffened during terrestrial locomotion against greater gravitational forces whereas the basic functions of the trunk muscles in trotting are conserved across environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Deban
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gvoždík L, Van Damme R. The evolution of thermal performance curves in semi-aquatic newts: Thermal specialists on land and thermal generalists in water? J Therm Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
31
|
Elphick MJ, Shine R. Longterm effects of incubation temperatures on the morphology and locomotor performance of hatchling lizards (Bassiana duperreyi, Scincidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
GVOŽDÍK LUMÍR, PUKY MIKLÓS, ŠUGERKOVÁ MONIKA. Acclimation is beneficial at extreme test temperatures in the Danube crested newt, Triturus dobrogicus (Caudata, Salamandridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Elnitsky MA, Claussen DL. The effects of temperature and inter-individual variation on the locomotor performance of juvenile turtles. J Comp Physiol B 2006; 176:497-504. [PMID: 16496156 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-006-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 12/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of temperature on aquatic and terrestrial locomotor performance, including measures of burst speed, endurance, and righting response, the inter-individual correlation between measures of locomotor performance, and the temporal repeatability of performance were assessed in juvenile western painted turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii. Locomotor performance increased as temperature increased, with Q(10) values ranging from 1.33 to 1.98 for burst speed and 2.28 to 2.76 for endurance measures. Righting response performance also increased with temperature. Aquatic and terrestrial measures of locomotor performance were highly correlated; however, righting response was not correlated with any other measure of performance. Measures of terrestrial locomotor performance were highly repeatable over the entire 30-week study period, whereas aquatic locomotor performance was only repeatable through week 12. The righting response was repeatable over a 6-week study period. Both the interindividual variation and temperature effects on locomotor performance likely influences the survival of turtles, especially juveniles, by affecting the length of time turtles are exposed to potential predators and their ability to escape.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wilson RS. Consequences of metamorphosis for the locomotor performance and thermal physiology of the newt Triturus cristatus. Physiol Biochem Zool 2005; 78:967-75. [PMID: 16228936 DOI: 10.1086/432923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
During metamorphosis, most amphibians undergo rapid shifts in their morphology that allow them to move from an aquatic to a more terrestrial existence. Two important challenges associated with this shift in habitat are the necessity to switch from an aquatic to terrestrial mode of locomotion and changes in the thermal environment. In this study, I investigated the consequences of metamorphosis to the burst swimming and running performance of the European newt Triturus cristatus to determine the nature and magnitude of any locomotor trade-offs that occur across life-history stages. In addition, I investigated whether there were any shifts in the thermal dependence of performance between life-history stages of T. cristatus to compensate for changes in their thermal environment during metamorphosis. A trade-off between swimming and running performance was detected across life-history stages, with metamorphosis resulting in a simultaneous decrease in swimming and increase in running performance. Although the terrestrial habitat of postmetamorphic stages of the newt T. cristatus experienced greater daily fluctuations in temperature than the aquatic habitat of the larval stage, no differences in thermal sensitivity of locomotor performance were detected between the larval aquatic and postmetamorphic stages. The absence of variation across life-history stages of T. cristatus may indicate that thermal sensitivity may be a conservative trait across ontogenetic stages in amphibians, but further studies are required to investigate this assertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie S Wilson
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bailey D, Johnston I. Temperature acclimatisation of swimming performance in the European Queen Scallop. J Therm Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2004.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Wintzer AP, Motta PJ. The effects of temperature on prey-capture kinematics of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): implications for feeding studies. CAN J ZOOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/z04-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research with ectothermic organisms has demonstrated that temperature is positively correlated with an individual's power output during locomotion. This study investigates the effect of temperature on another aspect of power output, prey-capture kinematics, of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819). Feeding sequences for two treatments of four sunfish were filmed at three temperatures (18, 24, and 30 °C) with one treatment (A) experiencing an increasing range of temperatures and the other (B) experiencing a decreasing temperature range. Directional temperatures affected prey-capture kinematics. The time required to achieve maximum lower jaw depression and maximum gape, as well as the duration of maximum gape, time to close the mouth (from the point of maximum gape), and the total bite duration, increased as water temperature decreased. In addition, both the time to maximum gape and the time to maximum lower jaw depression were longer at 18 °C for individuals in treatment A than those in treatment B. These results indicate that water temperature can bias the results of feeding studies employing kinematics that do not control for its effects as well as those that make comparisons across such studies which utilize different temperatures and taxa.
Collapse
|
37
|
Marvin GA. Effects of acute temperature and thermal acclimation on aquatic and terrestrial locomotor performance of the three-lined salamander, Eurycea guttolineata. J Therm Biol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4565(02)00084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Medler S. Comparative trends in shortening velocity and force production in skeletal muscles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2002; 283:R368-78. [PMID: 12121850 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00689.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are diverse in their properties, with specific contractile characteristics being matched to particular functions. In this study, published values of contractile properties for >130 diverse skeletal muscles were analyzed to detect common elements that account for variability in shortening velocity and force production. Body mass was found to be a significant predictor of shortening velocity in terrestrial and flying animals, with smaller animals possessing faster muscles. Although previous studies of terrestrial mammals revealed similar trends, the current study indicates that this pattern is more universal than previously appreciated. In contrast, shortening velocity in muscles used for swimming and nonlocomotory functions is not significantly affected by body size. Although force production is more uniform than shortening velocity, a significant correlation with shortening velocity was detected in muscles used for locomotion, with faster muscles tending to produce more force. Overall, the contractile properties of skeletal muscles are conserved among phylogenic groups, but have been significantly influenced by other factors such as body size and mode of locomotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Medler
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wilson RS, Franklin CE. Inability of adult Limnodynastes peronii (Amphibia: Anura) to thermally acclimate locomotor performance. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2000; 127:21-8. [PMID: 10996814 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite several studies on adult amphibians, only larvae of the striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii) have been reported to possess the ability to compensate for the effects of cool temperature on locomotor performance by thermal acclimation. In this study, we investigated whether this thermal acclimatory ability is shared by adult L. peronii. We exposed adult L. peronii to either 18 or 30 degrees C for 8 weeks and tested their swimming and jumping performance at six temperatures between 8 and 35 degrees C. Acute changes in temperature affected both maximum swimming and jumping performance, however there was no difference between the two treatment groups in locomotor performance between 8 and 30 degrees C. Maximum swimming velocity of both groups increased from 0.62+/-0.02 at 8 degrees C to 1.02+/-0.03 m s(-1) at 30 degrees C, while maximum jump distance increased from approximately 20 to >60 cm over the same temperature range. Although adult L. peronii acclimated to 18 degrees C failed to produce a locomotor response at 35 degrees C, this most likely reflected a change in thermal tolerance limits with acclimation rather than modifications in the locomotor system. As all adult amphibians studied to date are incapable of thermally acclimating locomotor performance, including adults of L. peronii, this acclimatory capacity appears to be absent from the adult stage of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Wilson
- Physiological Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Entomology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, St. Lucia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Watkins TB. The effects of acute and developmental temperature on burst swimming speed and myofibrillar ATPase activity in tadpoles of the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Physiol Biochem Zool 2000; 73:356-64. [PMID: 10893175 DOI: 10.1086/316744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects of acute and developmental temperature on maximum burst swimming speed, body size, and myofibrillar ATPase activity were assessed in tadpoles of the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Tadpoles from field-collected egg masses were reared in the laboratory at 15 degrees (cool) and 25 degrees C (warm). Body size, maximum burst swimming speed from 5 degrees to 35 degrees C, and tail myofibrillar ATPase activity at 15 degrees and 25 degrees C were measured at a single developmental stage. Burst speed of both groups of tadpoles was strongly affected by test temperature (P<0. 001). Performance maxima spanned test temperatures of 15 degrees -25 degrees C for the cool group and 15 degrees -30 degrees C for the warm group. Burst speed also depended on developmental temperature (P<0.001), even after accounting for variation in body size. At most test temperatures, the cool-reared tadpoles swam faster than the warm-reared tadpoles. Myofibrillar ATPase activity was affected by test temperature (P<0.001). Like swimming speed, enzyme activity was greater in the cool-reared tadpoles than in the warm-reared tadpoles, a difference that was significant when assayed at 15 degrees C (P<0. 01). These results suggest a mechanism for developmental temperature effects on locomotor performance observed in other taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T B Watkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tiiska AJ, Lagerspetz KY. Effects of thermal acclimation on nervous conduction and muscle contraction in the frog Rana temporaria. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999; 124:335-42. [PMID: 10665383 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of season and acclimation temperature on the latency of the leg withdrawal reflex and three of its components have been studied: conduction velocity in the sciatic nerve, spinal conduction time, and contraction time of gastrocnemius muscle. The latency of the leg withdrawal reflex was markedly shortened by cold acclimation: the reaction times were at 6 degrees C 1.54 s in 4 degrees C acclimated and 3.97 s in 24 degrees C acclimated winter frogs. Also, the temperature dependence of the reflex latency was reduced by cold acclimation. Thus, frogs acclimated to cold responded to external stimuli in cold more rapidly than warm-acclimated ones. This cold adaptation of the reflex could not be explained by changes in its studied components. These made up only one-tenth of the reflex response time, and either did not show significant cold acclimation (muscle contraction and spinal conduction times in summer) or showed inverse acclimation, especially when measured at high temperatures (i.e. conduction velocities were reduced by acclimation to cold). Thus, the cold acclimation of the reflex response probably resides in the sensory component of the response. The inverse temperature adaptation response of conduction velocities may reflect a reduced ion permeability across cellular membranes in cold which decreases metabolic energy expenditure during inactive periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Tiiska
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Johnson TP, Bennett AF, McLister JD. Thermal Dependence and Acclimation of Fast Start Locomotion and Its Physiological Basis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1086/physzool.69.2.30164184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
43
|
Johnson TP, Johnston IA. Temperature adaptation and the contractile properties of live muscle fibres from teleost fish. J Comp Physiol B 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00258743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
44
|
Bernardi N. Temperature influence upon food ingestion and spontaneous locomotion of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836) (Crutacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae). J Therm Biol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4565(90)90044-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|