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Ouattara N, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Lignot JH. Salinity stress in the black-chinned tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:553-562. [PMID: 38470008 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Physiological and morphological acclimation capacities of black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron were studied from fish to gill cell level when fish are maintained in freshwater, seawater, and hypersaline conditions. Fish osmoregulatory capacity, gill ionocyte morphology, osmo-respiratory compromise, O2 consumption rate, branchial antioxidative defense, and cell apoptosis were considered. Captive juvenile tilapias were maintained in controlled freshwater conditions (FW: 0.4 ppt; 12 mOsm kg-1) or gradually transferred to seawater (SW: 32 ppt; 958 mOsm kg-1) and concentrated SW (cSW: 65 ppt; 1920 mOsm kg-1). After 15 days in these conditions, blood osmolality and chloride ion concentration were determined. Gill ionocyte density and morphology were measured using immunolabelled histological sections to specifically detect the sodium pump (NKA). Gill osmo-respiratory compromise was also calculated along with oxygen consumption rates from normoxic to hypoxic conditions from excised gills (indirect respirometry). Finally, catalase and caspase 3/7activities were recorded from gill extracts. Results indicate that elevated salinity induces an osmotic imbalance and a profound morphological change with proliferating and hypertrophied ionocytes. This thickening of the gill interlamellar cell mass and the shortening of the lamellae induce a reduced osmo-respiratory ratio and reduced respiratory capacity under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Although salinity changes do not affect one of the major antioxidative defense mechanism, it strongly affects apoptosis that appears the most elevated in SW. However, in freshwater condition, fish can maintain their osmotic balance with a low ionocyte density, a low apoptotic level and a drastically reduced O2 consumption in normoxic condition that is maintained in hypoxia. Therefore, S. melanotheron presents the typical functional remodeling due to environmental salinity changes ranging from FW to SW. However, elevated seawater induces major cellular stress inducing a profound gill morphofunctional dysfunctioning. While cell apoptosis is reduced, ionocyte proliferation is massively increased with impaired osmotic regulation and reduced O2 consumption both in normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N'Golo Ouattara
- Laboratory of Animal Biology and Cytology, Nangui Abrogoua University UFR-SN, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | | | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR9190-MARBEC, IRD-Ifremer-CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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2
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Chelebieva ES, Kladchenko ES, Mindukshev IV, Gambaryan S, Andreyeva AY. ROS formation, mitochondrial potential and osmotic stability of the lamprey red blood cells: effect of adrenergic stimulation and hypoosmotic stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01342-5. [PMID: 38647979 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Semi-anadromous animals experience salinity fluctuations during their life-span period. Alterations of environmental conditions induce stress response where catecholamines (CA) play a central role. Physiological stress and changes in external and internal osmolarity are frequently associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, we studied the involvement of the cAMP/PKA pathway in mediating catecholamine-dependent effects on osmoregulatory responses, intracellular production of ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis, Linnaeus, 1758) red blood cells (RBCs). We also investigated the role of hypoosmotic shock in the process of ROS production and mitochondrial respiration of RBCs. For this, osmotic stability and the dynamics of the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) following hypoosmotic swelling, intracellular ROS levels, and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed in RBCs treated with epinephrine (Epi, 25 μM) and forskolin (Forsk, 20 μM). Epi and Forsk markedly reduced the osmotic stability of the lamprey RBCs whereas did not affect the dynamics of the RVD response in a hypoosmotic environment. Activation of PKA with Epi and Forsk increased ROS levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of the lamprey RBCs. In contrast, upon hypoosmotic shock enhanced ROS production in RBCs was accompanied by increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, a decrease in RBC osmotic stability and the enhancement of ROS formation induced by β-adrenergic stimulation raises concerns about stress-associated changes in RBC functions in agnathans. Increased ROS production in RBCs under hypoosmotic shock indicates that a decrease in blood osmolarity may be associated with oxidative damage of RBCs during lamprey migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina S Chelebieva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, Moscow Representative Office A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave 38, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Ekaterina S Kladchenko
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, Moscow Representative Office A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave 38, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Igor V Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Toreza, 44, St-Petersburg, Russia, 194223
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Toreza, 44, St-Petersburg, Russia, 194223
| | - Alexandra Yu Andreyeva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, Moscow Representative Office A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave 38, Moscow, Russia, 119991
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Toreza, 44, St-Petersburg, Russia, 194223
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Steffen JBM, Sokolov EP, Bock C, Sokolova IM. Combined effects of salinity and intermittent hypoxia on mitochondrial capacity and reactive oxygen species efflux in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246164. [PMID: 37470191 PMCID: PMC10445735 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Coastal environments commonly experience fluctuations in salinity and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) stress that can negatively affect mitochondrial functions of marine organisms. Although intertidal bivalves are adapted to these conditions, the mechanisms that sustain mitochondrial integrity and function are not well understood. We determined the rates of respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) efflux in the mitochondria of oysters, Crassostrea gigas, acclimated to high (33 psu) or low (15 psu) salinity, and exposed to either normoxic conditions (control; 21% O2) or short-term hypoxia (24 h at <0.01% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation (1.5 h at 21% O2). Further, we exposed isolated mitochondria to anoxia in vitro to assess their ability to recover from acute (∼10 min) oxygen deficiency (<0.01% O2). Our results showed that mitochondria of oysters acclimated to high or low salinity did not show severe damage and dysfunction during H/R stress, consistent with the hypoxia tolerance of C. gigas. However, acclimation to low salinity led to improved mitochondrial performance and plasticity, indicating that 15 psu might be closer to the metabolic optimum of C. gigas than 33 psu. Thus, acclimation to low salinity increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation rate and coupling efficiency and stimulated mitochondrial respiration after acute H/R stress. However, elevated ROS efflux in the mitochondria of low-salinity-acclimated oysters after acute H/R stress indicates a possible trade-off of higher respiration. The high plasticity and stress tolerance of C. gigas mitochondria may contribute to the success of this invasive species and facilitate its further expansion into brackish regions such as the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. M. Steffen
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eugene P. Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research Rostock, 18119 Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Christian Bock
- Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Inna M. Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Xue C, Xu K, Jin Y, Bian C, Sun S. Transcriptome Analysis to Study the Molecular Response in the Gill and Hepatopancreas Tissues of Macrobrachium nipponense to Salinity Acclimation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:926885. [PMID: 35694393 PMCID: PMC9176394 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.926885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically important prawn species and common in Chinese inland capture fisheries. During aquaculture, M. nipponense can survive under freshwater and low salinity conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying the response to salinity acclimation remains unclear in this species; thus, in this study, we used the Illumina RNA sequencing platform for transcriptome analyses of the gill and hepatopancreas tissues of M. nipponense exposed to salinity stress [0.4‰ (S0, control group), 6‰ (S6, low salinity group), and 12‰ (S12, high salinity group)]. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and several important salinity adaptation-related terms and signaling pathways were found to be enriched, such as “ion transport,” “oxidative phosphorylation,” and “glycometabolism.” Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated the participation of 12 key genes in osmotic pressure regulation in M. nipponense under acute salinity stress. Further, the role of carbonic anhydrase in response to salinity acclimation was investigated by subjecting the gill tissues of M. nipponense to in situ hybridization. Collectively, the results reported herein enhance our understanding of the mechanisms via which M. nipponense adapts to changes in salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Jin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengming Sun,
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Mégevand L, Theuerkauff D, L’Épine C, Hermet S, Corse E, L’Honoré T, Lignot JH, Sucré E. Diluted Seawater and Ammonia-N Tolerance of Two Mangrove Crab Species. New Insights to Understand the Vulnerability of Pristine Islands Ecosystems Organisms. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.839160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are the primary receptors of anthropogenic pollution in tropical areas. Assessing the vulnerability of these ecosystems can be expressed, among other indicators, by studying the health of ‘ecosystem engineers’. In this study, mangrove forests facing opposing anthropogenic pressures were studied (i) in the uninhabited island of Europa (Mozambique Channel), considered as a pristine ecosystem, and, (ii) on the island of Mayotte, facing regular domestic wastewater discharges. Using an ecophysiological approach, the effects of diluted seawater (DSW) and increased ammonia-N were studied for two fiddler crab species: Gelasimus tetragonon (GT) on the island of Europa and Paraleptuca chlorophthalmus (PC) on the island of Mayotte. Osmoregulation curves and osmoregulatory capacity were determined along with O2 consumption rates after a 96 h exposure period. Histological analyses were also carried out on two important metabolic organs: the hepatopancreas and the posterior gills. Results indicate that both crab species are good hyper-hypo-osmoregulators but only PC can maintain its osmoregulatory capacity when exposed to ammonia-N. Oxygen consumption is increased in GT after 96 h of exposure to ammonia-N but this does not occur in PC. Finally, a thickening of the gill osmoregulatory epithelium was observed after 96 h in PC when exposed to ammonium but not in GT. Therefore, the two species do not have the same tolerance to DSW and increased ammonia-N. PC shows physiological acclimation capacities in order to better manage nitrogenous enrichments. GT did not show the same physiological plasticity when exposed to ammonia-N and could be more at risk by this kind of stress. These results along with those from other studies regarding the effects of domestic effluents on mangrove crabs are discussed. Therefore, the greater vulnerability of organisms occupying pristine ecosystems could induce major changes in mangrove functioning if crabs, that are engineer species of the ecosystem, are about to reduce their bioturbation activity or, even, disappear from the mangrove forests.
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Lee W, Juniper SK, Perez M, Ju S, Kim S. Diversity and characterization of bacterial communities of five co-occurring species at a hydrothermal vent on the Tonga Arc. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4481-4493. [PMID: 33976824 PMCID: PMC8093707 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-symbiont relationships in hydrothermal vent ecosystems, supported by chemoautotrophic bacteria as primary producers, have been extensively studied. However, the process by which densely populated co-occurring invertebrate hosts form symbiotic relationships with bacterial symbionts remains unclear. Here, we analyzed gill-associated symbiotic bacteria (gill symbionts) of five co-occurring hosts, three mollusks ("Bathymodiolus" manusensis, B. brevior, and Alviniconcha strummeri) and two crustaceans (Rimicaris variabilis and Austinograea alayseae), collected together at a single vent site in the Tonga Arc. We observed both different compositions of gill symbionts and the presence of unshared operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In addition, the total number of OTUs was greater for crustacean hosts than for mollusks. The phylogenetic relationship trees of gill symbionts suggest that γ-proteobacterial gill symbionts have coevolved with their hosts toward reinforcement of host specificity, while campylobacterial Sulfurovum species found across various hosts and habitats are opportunistic associates. Our results confirm that gill symbiont communities differ among co-occurring vent invertebrates and indicate that hosts are closely related with their gill symbiont communities. Considering the given resources available at a single site, differentiation of gill symbionts seems to be a useful strategy for obtaining nutrition and energy while avoiding competition among both hosts and gill symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won‐Kyung Lee
- Genome Editing Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - S. Kim Juniper
- Department of BiologySchool of Earth and Ocean SciencesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada
| | - Maëva Perez
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité de MontréalMontrealQCCanada
| | - Se‐Jong Ju
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & TechnologyBusanKorea
| | - Se‐Joo Kim
- Genome Editing Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonKorea
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Bal A, Panda F, Pati SG, Das K, Agrawal PK, Paital B. Modulation of physiological oxidative stress and antioxidant status by abiotic factors especially salinity in aquatic organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 241:108971. [PMID: 33421636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen and salinity may influence the oxidative status in aquatic organisms. The present review article focuses on the modulation of oxidative stress with reference to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aquatic animals from different phyla. The focus of the review article is to explore the plausible mechanisms of physiological changes occurring in aquatic animals due to altered salinity in terms of oxidative stress. Apart from the seasonal variations in salinity, global warming and anthropogenic activities have also been found to influence oxidative health status of aquatic organisms. These effects are discussed with an objective to develop precautionary measures to protect the diversity of aquatic species with sustainable conservation. Comparative analyses among different aquatic species suggest that salinity alone or in combination with other abiotic factors are intricately associated with modulation in oxidative stress in a species-specific manner in aquatic animals. Osmoregulation under salinity stress in relation to energy demand and supply are also discussed. The literature survey of >50 years (1960-2020) indicates that oxidative stress status and comparative analysis of redox modulation have evolved from the analysis of various biotic and/or abiotic factors to the study of cellular signalling pathways in these aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipsa Bal
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Falguni Panda
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Samar Gourav Pati
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Kajari Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Agrawal
- Main Building, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India.
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Elia AC, Burioli E, Magara G, Pastorino P, Caldaroni B, Menconi V, Dörr AJM, Colombero G, Abete MC, Prearo M. Oxidative stress ecology on Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas from lagoon and offshore Italian sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139886. [PMID: 32554117 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Crassostrea gigas is a sentinel species along the Italian coast. In mussels, the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers can be modulated by several environmental pollutants or pathogens and also fluctuate in response to reproductive stages and seasonal changes. In this study, adult Crassostrea gigas were sampled during summer and autumn from two lagoon and two offshore sites along the Adriatic coast of Italy in order to investigate the influence of seasonality on oxidative stress biomarkers. Trace elements load of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn suggests low contamination for lagoon and offshore sites. Levels of total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase were analyzed in digestive gland and gills of the Pacific oysters in June, July, September and October. OsHV-1 and Vibrio aestuarianus were detected in lagoon sites, but both pathogens did not affect the biomarkers levels in both tissues. Although several biological responses were found different among the four sites in the same month, principal component analysis revealed similar trend in biomarkers levels between sites during the whole sampling period. On the other hand, a different biochemical pattern through the months emerged, suggesting that the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in both tissues may be related to seasonal progress and biological cycle of oysters sampled from the two lagoons and offshore sites along the Italian coasts of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Gabriele Magara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Caldaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasco Menconi
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Colombero
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Vitamin E and Selenium Treatment Alleviates Saline Environment-Induced Oxidative Stress through Enhanced Antioxidants and Growth Performance in Suckling Kids of Beetal Goats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4960507. [PMID: 33082909 PMCID: PMC7563068 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4960507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a worldwide, threatening problem affecting socioeconomic status globally. Saline land comprises salt content in soil, plants, and drinking water. Livestock farming is the worthy option for proper utilization of saline land in a cost-effective approach. Animals reared on this land experience a variety of stresses. Such stresses promote oxidative stress and reduced animal performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative function of vitamin E and selenium (Se) on pregnant/nonpregnant animals reared on the saline environment. A total of 36 multiparous pregnant (n = 18) and nonpregnant (n = 18) goats weighing about 38-45 (average 41.5) kg were equally divided into control and supplemented groups. The experiment lasted from 120 days of gestation to 15 days after parturition for pregnant goats and 0 to 45 days for nonpregnant cyclic goats (>50 days post-kidding). The supplemented group was administered vitamin E (1000 mg/kg BW) and selenium (3 mg/50 kg BW), while the control group was kept on normal saline (0.9% NaCl) with the same route 15 days apart. The blood samples were collected with 15 days apart during the entire experimental period of 45 days and subjected to assessment of enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidants, hydrolytic enzymes, oxidants, stress metabolic biomarkers, Se, and progesterone concentration of (pregnant) animals. Results revealed that vitamin E and Se supplementation significantly enhanced the activity of enzymatic (catalase and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as total phenolic/flavonoid content and vitamin C and increased blood plasma level of Se concentration in comparison with the control group (P < 0.01). Exposure to antioxidant supplementation mitigated lipid peroxidation and enhanced progesterone level and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01) as compared to the control group in pregnant goats. Administration of vitamin E and selenium promoted kid survival rate (100%) along with increased initial birth weight, daily average weight gain, and total weight gain in comparison with the control group. Besides, the twinning rate and sex ratio were also recorded in pregnant animals. It is concluded that vitamin E and Se supplementation ameliorated salinity-induced oxidative stress, improved antioxidant status, and enhanced reproductive and growth performance of suckling kids reared on saline land.
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10
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Lucu Č. Hypoxia attenuate ionic transport in the isolated gill epithelium of Carcinus maenas. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:391-401. [PMID: 32333115 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gills are osmorespiratory organs of aquatic organisms and the prime target of environmentally induced hypoxia. We have studied the impact of severe hypoxia (0.5 mg O2/L) on the ionic transport across posterior gills of Carcinus maenas acclimated to 12 ppt seawater (DSW). The short-circuit current (Isc) across hemilamellae from gills i.e. active ion transport was studied in micro Ussing chambers. Hypoxia induced by deoxygenation of the basolateral side, and not the apical side, resulted in time-dependent inhibition of Isc and full recovery of Isc after reoxygenation. Exposure of the crabs to severe 7 h hypoxia decreased the specific activity of Na+,K+-ATPase in the gills by 36%. Full recovery of enzyme activity occurred in fasted crabs after 3 days of reoxygenation. The intensity of Western blotting bands was not different in the gills of oxygenated, hypoxic and reoxygenated crabs. The reversible, nonspecific blocker of K+ channels Cs and hypoxia inhibited over 90% of Isc which is after reoxygenation fully recovered. The specific blocker of Cl- channels NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid] blocked Isc by 68.5%. Only the rest of not inhibited Isc in aerated saline was blocked by hypoxia and recovered after reoxygenation. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase was not changed during hypoxia and reoxygenation kept the high enzyme activity in the gills at the level of crabs acclimated to DSW. As a response to hypoxia the presence of 2 mM H2O2 induce an initial slight transient decrease of Isc followed by a rise and after reoxygenation fully recovered Isc. Incubation of hemilamellae with the antioxidant derivative Trolox did not affect the inhibition of Isc by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Čedomil Lucu
- Center for Marine Research, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Rovinj, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Alfred Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station List, Sylt, Germany.
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11
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Hidalgo J, Álvarez-Vergara F, Peña-Villalobos I, Contreras-Ramos C, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Sabat P. Effect of salinity acclimation on osmoregulation, oxidative stress, and metabolic enzymes in the invasive Xenopus laevis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:333-340. [PMID: 32306529 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic animals often display physiological adjustments to improve their biological performance and hydrosaline balance in saline environments. In addition to energetic costs associated with osmoregulation, oxidative stress, and the activation of the antioxidant system are common cellular responses to salt stress in many species, but the knowledge of osmoregulation-linked oxidative homeostasis in amphibians is scarce. Here we studied the biochemical responses and oxidative responses of Xenopus laevis females exposed for 40 days to two contrasting salinities: hypo-osmotic (150 mOsm·kg-1 ·H2 O NaCl, HYPO group) and hyper-osmotic environments (340 mOsm·kg-1 ·H2 O NaCl, HYPER group). We found an increase of plasma osmolality and plasma urea concentration in the animals incubated in the HYPER treatment. Increases in electrolyte concentration were paralleled with an increase of both citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities in liver and heart. Interestingly, HYPO group had higher catabolic activity of the skin and liver total antioxidant capacity (TAC), compared with animals from the HYPER group. Moreover, there was an inverse relationship between liver TAC and plasma osmolality; and with the metabolic enzymes from liver. These findings suggest that salinity induces changes in urea metabolism and specific activity of metabolic enzymes, which appears to be tissue-dependent in X. laevis. Contrary to our expectations, we also found a moderate change in the oxidative status as revealed by the increase in TAC activity in the animals acclimated to low salinity medium, but constancy in the lipid peroxidation of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Hidalgo
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla, 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Álvarez-Vergara
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla, 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla, 653, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Células troncales y Biología del Desarrollo, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Contreras-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla, 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Sabat
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla, 653, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ecología, Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Theuerkauff D, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Lambert S, Mercky Y, Lejeune M, Lignot JH, Sucré E. Wastewater bioremediation by mangrove ecosystems impacts crab ecophysiology: In-situ caging experiment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105358. [PMID: 31805486 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are tidal wetlands that are often under strong anthropogenic pressures, despite the numerous ecosystem services they provide. Pollution from urban runoffs is one such threats, yet some mangroves are used as a bioremediation tool for wastewater (WW) treatment. This practice can impact mangrove crabs, which are key engineer species of the ecosystem. Using an experimental area with controlled WW releases, this study aimed to determine from an ecological and ecotoxicological perspective, the effects of WW on the red mangrove crab Neosarmatium africanum. Burrow density and salinity levels (used as a proxy of WW dispersion) were recorded, and a 3-week caging experiment was performed. Hemolymph osmolality, gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and gill redox balance were assessed in anterior and posterior gills of N. africanum. Burrow density decreased according to salinity decreases around the discharged area. Crabs from the impacted area had a lower osmoregulatory capacity despite gill NKA activity remaining undisturbed. The decrease of the superoxide dismutase activity indicates changes in redox metabolism. However, both catalase activity and oxidative damage remained unchanged in both areas but were higher in posterior gills. These results indicate that WW release may induce osmoregulatory and redox imbalances, potentially explaining the decrease in crab density. Based on these results we conclude that WW release should be carefully monitored as crabs are key players involved in the bioremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Theuerkauff
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France.
| | | | - Sophia Lambert
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Yann Mercky
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
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13
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Lactobacillus salivarius BGHO1 and Lactobacillus reuteri BGGO6-55 modify nutritive profile of Artemia franciscana nauplii in a strain ratio, dose and application timing-dependent manner. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Falconer TRL, Marsden ID, Hill JV, Glover CN. Does physiological tolerance to acute hypoxia and salinity change explain ecological niche in two intertidal crab species? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz086. [PMID: 31798883 PMCID: PMC6882270 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal biota is subjected to significant fluctuations in environmental parameters such as salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO). In the current study, the effects of salinity and DO on metabolic rate, critical oxygen partial pressure (P crit), heart rate and osmoregulation in two intertidal crab species commonly found on New Zealand coastlines, Hemigrapsus crenulatus and Hemigrapsus sexdentatus, were measured. Based on its habitation of burrows in the lower intertidal zone, H. crenulatus was predicted to be more resilient to these environmental stressors than H. sexdentatus, which is distributed in the mid to high tidal zone. However, relative to the full-strength seawater control, there were no consistent salinity-dependent changes in respiratory or cardiovascular endpoints in either species following acute 6-h exposures mimicking a tidal cycle. Analysis of haemolymph osmolality and ions determined that both crab species were strong osmotic and ionic regulators over the 6-h exposure period. However, the threshold salinities at which significant changes in osmotic and ionic regulation occurred did differ and generally indicated that H. crenulatus was the better regulator. Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to DO were prominent, with a strong bradycardia observed in both species. Changes in osmolality and sodium ion regulation were also seen as DO declined. The effect on sodium ion levels had its onset at a higher oxygen partial pressure in H. sexdentatus than in H. crenulatus, indicative of a relatively poorer hypoxia tolerance in the former species. The relative resilience of respiratory, cardiovascular and osmoregulatory processes to salinity and DO variations likely contribute to distinct habitat distributions of the two crab species on New Zealand shorelines, although behaviour and inter-specific interactions may also play important roles. Environmental change, in the form of coastal erosion and anthropogenic contamination of estuaries, has the potential to disturb the delicate niche separation that exists between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R L Falconer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Islay D Marsden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan V Hill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Chris N Glover
- Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, 1 University Dr. Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11445 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
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15
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Ceylan S, Kaptaner B. Apoptosis and cell proliferation in the epithelia of the esophagus and intestine of Alburnus tarichiGüldenstädt, 1814 (Cyprinidae) during migration from highly alkaline and brackish water to fresh water. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2019.1604833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ceylan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - B. Kaptaner
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
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16
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Theuerkauff D, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Roques JAC, Azzopardi L, Bertini M, Lejeune M, Farcy E, Lignot JH, Sucré E. Salinity Variation in a Mangrove Ecosystem: A Physiological Investigation to Assess Potential Consequences of Salinity Disturbances on Mangrove Crabs. Zool Stud 2018; 57:e36. [PMID: 31966276 PMCID: PMC6517743 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2018.57-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dimitri Theuerkauff, Georgina A. Rivera-Ingraham, Jonathan A.C. Roques, Laurence Azzopardi, Marine Bertini, Mathilde Lejeune, Emilie Farcy, Jehan-Hervé Lignot, and Elliott Sucré (2018) Salinity is one of the main environmental factors determining coastal species distribution. However, in the specific case of mangrove crabs, salinity selection cannot be understood through ecological approaches alone. Yet understanding this issue is crucial in the context of mangrove conservation, since this ecosystem is often used as biofilter of (low- salinity) wastewater. Crabs are keystone species in this mangrove ecosystem and are differentially affected by salinity. We hypothesize that crab salinity selection may be partly explained by specific salinity-induced physiological constraints associated with osmoregulation, energy and redox homeostasis. To test this, the response to salinity variation was analysed in two landward mangrove crabs: the fiddler crab Tubuca urvillei, which inhabits low-salinity areas of the mangrove, and the red mangrove crab Neosarmatium meinerti, which lives in areas with higher salinity. Results confirm that both species are strong hypo-/hyper-osmoregulators that deal easily with large salinity variations. Such shifts in salinity do not induce changes in energy expenditure (measured as oxygen consumption) or in the production of reactive oxygen species. However, T. urvillei is physiologically suited to habitats with brackish water, since it presents i) high hemolymph osmolalities over a wider range of salinities and lower osmoregulatory capacity in seawater, ii) high Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in the posterior osmoregulatory gills and iii) a thicker osmoregulatory epithelium along the posterior gill lamellae. Therefore, while environmental salinity alone cannot directly explain fiddler and red mangrove crab distributions, our data suggest that salinity selection is indeed influenced by specific physiological adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Theuerkauff
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Jonathan A C Roques
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Laurence Azzopardi
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marine Bertini
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Emilie Farcy
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Elliott Sucré
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
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Rivera-Ingraham GA, Lignot JH. Osmoregulation, bioenergetics and oxidative stress in coastal marine invertebrates: raising the questions for future research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:1749-1760. [PMID: 28515169 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.135624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osmoregulation is by no means an energetically cheap process, and its costs have been extensively quantified in terms of respiration and aerobic metabolism. Common products of mitochondrial activity are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which may cause oxidative stress by degrading key cell components, while playing essential roles in cell homeostasis. Given the delicate equilibrium between pro- and antioxidants in fueling acclimation responses, the need for a thorough understanding of the relationship between salinity-induced oxidative stress and osmoregulation arises as an important issue, especially in the context of global changes and anthropogenic impacts on coastal habitats. This is especially urgent for intertidal/estuarine organisms, which may be subject to drastic salinity and habitat changes, leading to redox imbalance. How do osmoregulation strategies determine energy expenditure, and how do these processes affect organisms in terms of oxidative stress? What mechanisms are used to cope with salinity-induced oxidative stress? This Commentary aims to highlight the main gaps in our knowledge, covering all levels of organization. From an energy-redox perspective, we discuss the link between environmental salinity changes and physiological responses at different levels of biological organization. Future studies should seek to provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between osmoregulatory strategies and redox metabolism, thereby informing conservation physiologists and allowing them to tackle the new challenges imposed by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
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18
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Dikalov SI, Polienko YF, Kirilyuk I. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements of Reactive Oxygen Species by Cyclic Hydroxylamine Spin Probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1433-1443. [PMID: 29037084 PMCID: PMC5910043 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress contributes to numerous pathophysiological conditions such as development of cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. A variety of measurements of oxidative stress markers in biological systems have been developed; however, many of these methods are not specific, can produce artifacts, and do not directly detect the free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a unique tool that allows direct measurements of free radical species. Cyclic hydroxylamines are useful and convenient molecular probes that readily react with ROS to produce stable nitroxide radicals, which can be quantitatively measured by EPR. In this work, we critically review recent applications of various cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes in biology to study oxidative stress, their advantages, and the shortcomings. Recent Advances: In the past decade, a number of new cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes have been developed and their successful application for ROS measurement using EPR has been published. These new state-of-the-art methods provide improved selectivity and sensitivity for in vitro and in vivo studies. CRITICAL ISSUES Although cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes EPR application has been previously described, there has been lack of translation of these new methods into biomedical research, limiting their widespread use. This work summarizes "best practice" in applications of cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes to assist with EPR studies of oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies to advance hydroxylamine spin probes from the "basic science" to biomedical applications are needed and could lead to better understanding of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1433-1443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuliya F Polienko
- 2 Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Novosibirsk, Russia .,3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor Kirilyuk
- 2 Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Novosibirsk, Russia .,3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia
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19
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Theuerkauff D, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Mercky Y, Lejeune M, Lignot JH, Sucré E. Effects of domestic effluent discharges on mangrove crab physiology: Integrated energetic, osmoregulatory and redox balances of a key engineer species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:90-103. [PMID: 29407802 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are increasingly used as biofiltering systems of (pre-treated) domestic effluents. However, these wastewater discharges may affect local macrofauna. This laboratory study investigates the effects of wastewater exposure on the mangrove spider crab Neosarmatium meinerti, a key engineering species which is known to be affected by waste waters in effluent-impacted areas. These effects were quantified by monitoring biological markers of physiological state, namely oxygen consumption, the branchial cavity ventilation rate, gill physiology and morphology, and osmoregulatory and redox balance. Adults acclimated to clean seawater (SW, 32 ppt) and freshwater (FW, ∼0 ppt) were compared to crabs exposed to wastewater for 5 h (WW, ∼0 ppt). Spider crabs exposed to WW increased their ventilation and whole-animal respiration rates by 2- and 3-fold respectively, while isolated gill respiration increased in the animals exposed to FW (from 0.5 to 2.3 and 1.1 nmol O2 min-1 mg DW-1 for anterior and posterior gills, respectively) but was not modified in WW-exposed individuals. WW exposure also impaired crab osmoregulatory capacity; an 80 mOsm kg-1 decrease was observed compared to FW, likely due to decreased branchial NKA activity. ROS production (DCF fluorescence in hemolymph), antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) and oxidative damage (malondialdehyde concentration) responses varied according to animal gender. Overall, this study demonstrates that specific physiological parameters must be considered when focusing on crabs with bimodal breathing capacities. We conclude that spider crabs exposed to WW face osmoregulatory imbalances due to functional and morphological gill remodeling, which must rapidly exhaust energy reserves. These physiological disruptions could explain the ecological changes observed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Theuerkauff
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France.
| | | | - Yann Mercky
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
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20
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Rivera-Ingraham GA, Nommick A, Blondeau-Bidet E, Ladurner P, Lignot JH. Salinity stress from the perspective of the energy-redox axis: Lessons from a marine intertidal flatworm. Redox Biol 2016; 10:53-64. [PMID: 27689738 PMCID: PMC5043416 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of global change, there is an urgent need for researchers in conservation physiology to understand the physiological mechanisms leading to the acquisition of stress acclimation phenotypes. Intertidal organisms continuously cope with drastic changes in their environmental conditions, making them outstanding models for the study of physiological acclimation. As the implementation of such processes usually comes at a high bioenergetic cost, a mitochondrial/oxidative stress approach emerges as the most relevant approach when seeking to analyze whole-animal responses. Here we use the intertidal flatworm Macrostomum lignano to analyze the bioenergetics of salinity acclimation and its consequences in terms of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species formation and physiological response to counteract redox imbalance. Measures of water fluxes and body volume suggest that M. lignano is a hyper-/iso-regulator. Higher salinities were revealed to be the most energetically expensive conditions, with an increase in mitochondrial density accompanied by increased respiration rates. Such modifications came at the price of enhanced superoxide anion production, likely associated with a high caspase 3 upregulation. These animals nevertheless managed to live at high levels of environmental salinity through the upregulation of several mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. Contrarily, animals at low salinities decreased their respiration rates, reduced their activity and increased nitric oxide formation, suggesting a certain degree of metabolic arrest. A contradictory increase in dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and an upregulation of gluthathione-S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) expression were observed in these individuals. If animals at low salinity are indeed facing metabolic depression, the return to seawater may result in an oxidative burst. We hypothesize that this increase in GSTP1 could be a “preparation for oxidative stress”, i.e. a mechanism to counteract the production of free radicals upon returning to seawater. The results of the present study shed new light on how tolerant organisms carry out subcellular adaptations to withstand environmental change. High salinity induces O2·- formation while hypo-salinity increases DCF fluorescence. Hypersalinity is accompanied by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD. Hyposalinity causes animals to go into a certain degree of metabolic arrest. Low salinity also causes GST-pi upregulation as a preparation for reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), UMR 9190 MARBEC, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Aude Nommick
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), UMR 9190 MARBEC, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Blondeau-Bidet
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), UMR 9190 MARBEC, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Ladurner
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- Groupe fonctionnel AEO (Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse), UMR 9190 MARBEC, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
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