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Zolderdo AJ, Abrams AEI, Lawrence MJ, Reid CH, Suski CD, Gilmour KM, Cooke SJ. Freshwater protected areas can preserve high-performance phenotypes in populations of a popular sportfish. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad004. [PMID: 36937992 PMCID: PMC10019442 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recreational fishing has the potential to cause evolutionary change in fish populations; a phenomenon referred to as fisheries-induced evolution. However, detecting and quantifying the magnitude of recreational fisheries selection in the wild is inherently difficult, largely owing to the challenges associated with variation in environmental factors and, in most cases, the absence of pre-selection or baseline data against which comparisons can be made. However, exploration of recreational fisheries selection in wild populations may be possible in systems where fisheries exclusion zones exist. Lakes that possess intra-lake freshwater protected areas (FPAs) can provide investigative opportunities to evaluate the evolutionary impact(s) of differing fisheries management strategies within the same waterbody. To address this possibility, we evaluated how two physiological characteristics (metabolic phenotype and stress responsiveness) as well as a proxy for angling vulnerability, catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), differed between populations of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) inhabiting long-standing (>70 years active) intra-lake FPAs and adjacent, open access, main-lake areas. Fish from FPA populations had significantly higher aerobic scope (AS) capacity (13%) and CPUE rates compared with fish inhabiting the adjacent main-lake areas. These findings are consistent with theory and empirical evidence linking exploitation with reduced metabolic performance, supporting the hypothesis that recreational fishing may be altering the metabolic phenotype of wild fish populations. Reductions in AS are concerning because they suggest a reduced scope for carrying out essential life-history activities, which may result in fitness level implications. Furthermore, these results highlight the potential for unexploited FPA populations to serve as benchmarks to further investigate the evolutionary consequences of recreational fishing on wild fish and to preserve high-performance phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Zolderdo
- Correspondence: Aaron Zolderdo, Queen's University Biological Station, 280 Queen's University Rd., Elgin, ON, Canada K0G 1E0.
| | - A E I Abrams
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M J Lawrence
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C H Reid
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K M Gilmour
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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2
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Shaw SL, Renik KM, Sass GG. Angler and environmental influences on walleye Sander vitreus and muskellunge Esox masquinongy angler catch in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin 2003-2015. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257882. [PMID: 34591910 PMCID: PMC8483380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angler trip success and catch rates are dependent upon a fishes' vulnerability to angling. Angling vulnerability can be influenced by angler-specific attributes (i.e., bait choice, lure size, use of a guide), and individual fish traits (i.e., boldness, aggression, stress responsiveness, and memory retention). The mechanisms that function in a fishes' angling vulnerability, and contribute to catch rate, are likely correlated with environmental factors however, the influence of environmental factors on angling vulnerability are not well understood. We used the long-term (1946 -present) compulsory creel dataset from Escanaba Lake, WI, USA to test for interactions between angling vulnerability (i.e., angler trip success and catch rates) and environmental factors to better understand these dynamics in recreational fisheries. Our objective was to test for the influence of angler associated variables and environmental factors on open water angler trip success (i.e., catch ≥ one fish) and catch rate of walleye Sander vitreus and muskellunge Esox masquinongy during 2003-2015 using a hurdle model approach. Fishing trip success and catch rates for both species were most strongly influenced by angler-related variables (i.e., guide status, bait type, the proportion of the fish population previously caught). Environmental factors associated with lower light intensity (i.e., diel period, mean daily solar radiation, solar-Julian day interaction) had a positive influence on walleye vulnerability. Lower air temperatures and lunar position (moon overhead or underfoot) and phase (gibbous' and full moon) also had a positive effect on walleye angling. Muskellunge trip success and catch rate were positively influenced by light metrics (i.e., diel period and mean daily solar radiation) and increased with air temperature. Lunar variables (position and phase), as well as wind speed and direction also influenced muskellunge angling vulnerability. A better understanding of the influence of environmental factors on angling vulnerability is an important component of fisheries management as management goals focus on balancing fish populations and creating satisfactory catch rates to enhance the angling experience. Our results suggest that angler-specific variables, light, temperature, lunar, and weather conditions influenced species-specific angling vulnerability for walleye and muskellunge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Shaw
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Escanaba Lake Research Station, Office of Applied Science, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M Renik
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Escanaba Lake Research Station, Office of Applied Science, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Greg G Sass
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Escanaba Lake Research Station, Office of Applied Science, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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3
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Anders N, Roth B, Breen M. Physiological response and survival of Atlantic mackerel exposed to simulated purse seine crowding and release. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab076. [PMID: 34532056 PMCID: PMC8439261 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how animals physiologically respond to capture and release from wild capture fishing is fundamental for developing practices that enhance their welfare and survival. As part of purse seine fishing for small pelagic fish in northern European waters, excess and/or unwanted catches are routinely released from the net in a process called slipping. Due to excessive crowding in the net prior to release, post-slipping mortality rates can be unacceptably high. Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) support large and economically important purse seine fisheries but are known to be particularly vulnerable to such crowding-induced mortality. Developing management advice to promote post-slipping survival for this species is currently challenging, due to a lack of understanding of how crowding influences their physiology. Here we examine the physiological response, recovery and survival of wild caught mackerel exposed to various degrees and durations of simulated crowding stress in a series of sea cage trials. The magnitude of the physiological response and its time to recovery was positively correlated with crowding density and duration and was characterized by cortisol elevation, energy mobilization and anaerobic metabolite accumulation. There were also indications of osmoregulatory disturbance. Skin injury and mortality rates showed a similar positive relationship to crowding density. The physiological disturbance was recoverable for most fish. Instead, the rate at which mortalities developed and the physiological profile of moribund fish indicated that skin injury, likely arising from abrasive contact with netting and other fish during crowding, was the probable cause of mortality. Injured fish also exhibited a loss of allometric condition relative to non-injured survivors. Crowding treatments were potentially confounded by differences in ambient oxygen reduction, water temperature and pre-treatment fish condition between trials, and densities were replicated only once. These results contribute to the development of welfare conscious fishing practices that aim to reduce post-slipping mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Anders
- Fish Capture Division, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, 5817, Norway
| | - Bjørn Roth
- Department of Processing Technology, NOFIMA, Stavanger, 4068, Norway
| | - Mike Breen
- Fish Capture Division, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, 5817, Norway
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4
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Ancient fishes and the functional evolution of the corticosteroid stress response in vertebrates. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111024. [PMID: 34237466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine mechanism underlying stress responses in vertebrates is hypothesized to be highly conserved and evolutionarily ancient. Indeed, elements of this mechanism, from the brain to steroidogenic tissue, are present in all vertebrate groups; yet, evidence of the function and even identity of some elements of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis is equivocal among the most basal vertebrates. The purpose of this review is to discuss the functional evolution of the HPA/I axis in vertebrates with a focus on our understanding of this neuroendocrine mechanism in the most ancient vertebrates: the agnathan (i.e., hagfish and lamprey) and chondrichthyan fishes (i.e., sharks, rays, and chimeras). A review of the current literature presents evidence of a conserved HPA/I axis in jawed vertebrates (i.e., gnathostomes); yet, available data in jawless (i.e., agnathan) and chondrichthyan fishes are limited. Neuroendocrine regulation of corticosteroidogenesis in agnathans and chondrichthyans appears to function through similar pathways as in bony fishes and tetrapods; however, key elements have yet to be identified and the involvement of melanotropins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the stress axis in these ancient fishes warrants further investigation. Further, the identities of physiological glucocorticoids are uncertain in hagfishes, chondrichthyans, and even coelacanths. Resolving these and other knowledge gaps in the stress response of ancient fishes will be significant for advancing knowledge of the evolutionary origins of the vertebrate stress response.
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5
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Prokkola JM, Alioravainen N, Mehtätalo L, Hyvärinen P, Lemopoulos A, Metso S, Vainikka A. Does parental angling selection affect the behavior or metabolism of brown trout parr? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2630-2644. [PMID: 33767825 PMCID: PMC7981205 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of organisms can be subject to human-induced selection such as that arising from fishing. Angling is expected to induce mortality on fish with bold and explorative behavior, which are behaviors commonly linked to a high standard metabolic rate. We studied the transgenerational response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to angling-induced selection by examining the behavior and metabolism of 1-year-old parr between parents that were or were not captured by experimental fly fishing. We performed the angling selection experiment on both a wild and a captive population, and compared the offspring for standard metabolic rate and behavior under predation risk in common garden conditions. Angling had population-specific effects on risk taking and exploration tendency, but no effects on standard metabolic rate. Our study adds to the evidence that angling can induce transgenerational responses on fish personality. However, understanding the mechanisms of divergent responses between the populations requires further study on the selectivity of angling in various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M. Prokkola
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Present address:
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Nico Alioravainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Pekka Hyvärinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Kainuu Fisheries Research StationPaltamoFinland
| | - Alexandre Lemopoulos
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sara Metso
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Anssi Vainikka
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
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6
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Claunch N, Moore I, Waye H, Schoenle L, Oakey SJ, Reed RN, Romagosa C. Understanding metrics of stress in the context of invasion history: the case of the brown treesnake ( Boiga irregularis). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab008. [PMID: 35145697 PMCID: PMC8631081 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species can exert rapid depletion of resources after introduction and, in turn, affect their own population density. Additionally, management actions can have direct and indirect effects on demography. Physiological variables can predict demographic change but are often restricted to snapshots-in-time and delayed confirmation of changes in population density reduces their utility. To evaluate the relationships between physiology and demography, we assessed metrics of individual and demographic stress (baseline and 1-h corticosterone (CORT), body condition and bacterial killing ability) in the invasive snake Boiga irregularis on Guam collected in intervals of 10-15 years. We also assessed potential discrepancies between different methods of measuring hormones [radioimmunoassay (RIA) versus enzyme immunoassay (EIA)]. The magnitude of difference between RIA and EIA was negligible and did not change gross interpretation of our results. We found that body condition was higher in recent samples (2003 and 2018) versus older (1992-93) samples. We found corresponding differences in baseline CORT, with higher baseline CORT in older, poorer body condition samples. Hormonal response to acute stress was higher in 2018 relative to 2003. We also found a weak relationship between circulating CORT and bacterial killing ability among 2018 samples, but the biological significance of the relationship is not clear. In an effort to develop hypotheses for future investigation of the links between physiology and demography in this and other systems, we discuss how the changes in CORT and body condition may reflect changes in population dynamics, resource availability or management pressure. Ultimately, we advocate for the synchronization of physiology and management studies to advance the field of applied conservation physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Claunch
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of
Florida, 103 Black Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ignacio Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech,
Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Heather Waye
- Division of Science and Mathematics, University of Minnesota
Morris, Morris, MN 56267, USA
| | - Laura Schoenle
- Office of Undergraduate Biology, Cornell University,
Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Samantha J Oakey
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine,
Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert N Reed
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort
Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Christina Romagosa
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation,
University of Florida, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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7
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Keiling T, Louison M, Suski C. Behavioral phenotype does not predict habitat occupancy or angling capture of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish behavior types can predict angling vulnerability, providing insights about how recreational fishing may lead to artificial trait selection. Most vulnerability studies have focused on species with active foraging strategies, and the impact of environmental conditions on vulnerability has not been quantified. The objective of this study was to determine the influences of behavior types and habitat on angling vulnerability of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)) — a sit-and-wait predator. Behavior assays quantified individual activity and boldness, then experimental angling took place in ponds with two habitat treatments: (1) structured habitat with artificial structures present and (2) open habitat with no structures added. Two anglers determined which individual largemouth bass were vulnerable to capture across the two contexts. In contrast with previous studies involving active foragers, behavior types of largemouth bass did not influence capture, regardless of habitat type. The number of captures also did not differ between structured and open habitat. However, anglers captured fish with different behavioral phenotypes, revealing additional complexity for factors that may affect behavioral selection. Findings suggest that angling may not be selecting for specific activity or boldness phenotypes of largemouth bass, even across habitat types, but that anglers may influence selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.D. Keiling
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M.J. Louison
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C.D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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8
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Elvidge CK, Cooke SJ. Predation risk mediates cognitive constraints following physical exertion in schoolmaster snapper. Physiol Behav 2020; 214:112767. [PMID: 31816275 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A large body of literature suggests that physically exhausted fish, including those that are released following fisheries interactions, experience behavioural and cognitive constraints and are at elevated risk of predation during homeostatic recovery. However, previous studies have focused on exhausted fish subsequently encountering predators, and not on fish that had been exposed to elevated predation risk prior to exhaustive exercise. Here, we exercised individual schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) for 0, 1, or 4 min via hand chases following exposure to conspecific chemical alarm cues or seawater controls. The snapper were then introduced into one end of a rectangular arena supplied with mangrove prop roots as a refuge at the opposite end. Snapper exposed to the seawater control treatment demonstrated graded responses in mean times to move one body length and latency to enter the refuge, with unchased fish taking the least time and fish chased for 4 mins taking the longest. Amongst the snapper pre-exposed to alarm cues, the graded response did not occur and mean responses did not differ between chase treatments. Consistent with increased antipredator vigilance, alarm cue-exposed snapper were more likely to subsequently exit the refuge and to do so more times than fish exposed to seawater controls, independent of chase time. These observations suggest that perception of elevated predation risk may induce a conditional response offseting the behavioural and cognitive constraints associated with physical exhaustion through an unknown physiological mechanism to prioritize immediate survival-oriented behaviours over recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris K Elvidge
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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9
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Zeng J, Herbert NA, Lu W. Differential Coping Strategies in Response to Salinity Challenge in Olive Flounder. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31780952 PMCID: PMC6852876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine how different fish coping strategies respond to salinity challenge, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with active coping style (AC) and passive coping style (PC) were transferred from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) and their behavior and physiology were analyzed. Different behavioral coping strategies, in terms of escape and feeding tendencies, were confirmed in AC and PC fish without FW exposure. Differences in swimming distance between AC and PC flounder were then assessed after 1 and 2 days of FW transfer. Plasma parameters and branchial gene expression were also determined 2, 5, 8, and 14 days after transfer, with comparisons between AC and PC fish and against a SW-acclimated control group. The results showed that: (1) PC flounder exhibited a significant reduction in swimming activity, while AC flounder significantly increased locomotion 2 days after transfer. (2) The plasma osmolality and plasma ionic (Na+ and Cl−) concentration of FW-acclimated PC flounder declined in a continuous fashion over time but this contrasted against the plasma parameters of AC flounder which fluctuated below the baseline level of a SW-acclimated control group. (3) The expression of NKA-α1 and NHE-3-like mRNA in PC flounder gill increased significantly from 5 days, but the expression of these two genes in AC flounder only increased after 8 days of transfer. (4) There were no remarkable differences observed in Rhcg expressions between AC and PC flounder. This study indicates for the first time that PC flounder adopt a “freeze-passive tolerance” strategy while AC flounder adopt a “flight-active resistance” defense strategy in response to salinity challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Neill A Herbert
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
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10
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The role of social network behavior, swimming performance, and fish size in the determination of angling vulnerability in bluegill. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Keiling TD, Suski CD. Food deprived largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are inactive and stressed, but do not show changes in lure inspections. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 238:110556. [PMID: 31446065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Coping style traits, including physiology and behavior, can be used to predict if fish are vulnerable to capture by hook-and-line angling. Typically, fish with proactive coping styles are selectively captured, but effects of environmental influences, such as food availability, on the completion of each step leading to a successful angling capture (i.e., activity rates, encountering a lure, lure inspection, lure-striking, and ingestion) have not been quantified. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the effects among activity behavior, stress (cortisol) responsiveness, and food availability on lure inspection behaviors of largemouth bass. No relationships were found between activity, stress responsiveness, and food availability to determine lure inspections. However, food deprivation decreased activity rates and increased baseline cortisol concentrations of largemouth bass. Additionally, after feeding treatments, fish with low baseline cortisol concentrations were more likely to inspect lures in both the fed and food deprived treatments. Results further discuss the implications of study findings to help fisheries managers predict the evolutionary impacts of angling.
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12
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Exploitation may influence the climate resilience of fish populations through removing high performance metabolic phenotypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11437. [PMID: 31391481 PMCID: PMC6685998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological rates and processes underpin the relationships between ectothermic organisms, such as fish, and their environment. The response and persistence of fish populations in an increasingly variable ocean is dependent on the distribution and diversity of physiological phenotypes. Growing evidence suggests that fisheries exploitation can selectively target certain physiological and behavioural phenotypes, which may shift exploited populations to altered physiological states. Here we test if commercial fisheries have the potential to do this in a “natural laboratory” along the South African coast. We compare metabolic traits of exploited and protected populations of the fish species, Chrysoblephus laticeps, which is a major component of the South African hook and line fishery. We find that high-performance aerobic scope phenotypes are reduced in the fished population. The most likely mechanism for this finding is a positive relationship between aerobic scope and capture vulnerability in passive-gear fisheries. Our results further highlight the selective nature of capture-fisheries and suggest that exploitation has the capacity to alter climate responses of fish populations on a physiological level. Our finding also implicates how Marine Protected Areas, through harbouring individuals with a greater diversity of physiological traits, may provide greater fish response diversity to environmental variability.
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13
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Louison MJ, Hage VM, Stein JA, Suski CD. Quick learning, quick capture: largemouth bass that rapidly learn an association task are more likely to be captured by recreational anglers. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Houslay TM, Earley RL, Young AJ, Wilson AJ. Habituation and individual variation in the endocrine stress response in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 270:113-122. [PMID: 30339807 PMCID: PMC6300406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate stress response enables individuals to react to and cope with environmental challenges. A crucial aspect of the stress response is the elevation of circulating glucocorticoids. However, continued activation of the stress response under repeated exposure to stressors can be damaging to fitness. Under certain circumstances it may therefore be adaptive to habituate to repeated exposures to a particular stressor by reducing the magnitude of any associated release of glucocorticoids. Here, we investigate whether Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) habituate to repeated exposure to a mild stressor, using a waterborne hormone sampling approach that has previously been shown to elicit a stress response in small fish. We also test for individual variation in the extent of habituation to this stressor. Concentrating on freely circulating cortisol, we found that the first exposure to the assay induced high cortisol release rates but that guppies tended to habituate quickly to subsequent exposures. There were consistent differences among individuals in their average cortisol release rate (after accounting for effects of variables such as body size) over repeated exposures. Our analyses did not find evidence of individual differences in habituation rate, although limitations in statistical power could account for this finding. We repeated the analysis for free 11-ketotestosterone, which can also respond to stressors, but found no obvious habituation pattern and no among-individual variation. We also present data on conjugated forms of both hormones, which were repeatable but did not show the expected time-lagged habituation effect. We discuss consistent individual differences around the general pattern of habituation in the flexible stress response, and highlight the potential for individual variation in habituation to facilitate selection against the deleterious effects of chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Houslay
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - R L Earley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Biology Building 211-213, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - A J Young
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - A J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
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15
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Louison MJ, Stein J, Suski C. Metabolic phenotype is not associated with vulnerability to angling in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prior work has described a link between an individual’s metabolic rate and a willingness to take risks. One context in which high metabolic rates and risk-prone behaviors may prove to be maladaptive is in fish that strike fishing lures only to be captured by anglers. It has been shown that metabolic phenotype may be altered by angling; however, little work has assessed metabolic rate in fish and its relationship to angling vulnerability in a realistic angling trial. To address this, we subjected a set of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819) to a series of angling sessions. Following this, a subset of 23 fish that had been captured at least once and 25 fish that had not been captured were assessed for metabolic phenotype (standard and maximum metabolic rates, postexercise oxygen consumption, and recovery time) via intermittent flow respirometry. Contrary to predictions, captured and uncaptured fish did not differ in any measurement of metabolic rate. These results suggest that metabolic phenotype is not a determinant of angling vulnerability within the studied context. It is possible, therefore, that previously described alterations in metabolic phenotype owing to angling pressure may be context-specific and may not apply to all species and angling contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Louison
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J.A. Stein
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - C.D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Hollins J, Thambithurai D, Koeck B, Crespel A, Bailey DM, Cooke SJ, Lindström J, Parsons KJ, Killen SS. A physiological perspective on fisheries-induced evolution. Evol Appl 2018; 11:561-576. [PMID: 29875803 PMCID: PMC5978952 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that intense fishing pressure is not only depleting fish stocks but also causing evolutionary changes to fish populations. In particular, body size and fecundity in wild fish populations may be altered in response to the high and often size‐selective mortality exerted by fisheries. While these effects can have serious consequences for the viability of fish populations, there are also a range of traits not directly related to body size which could also affect susceptibility to capture by fishing gears—and therefore fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE)—but which have to date been ignored. For example, overlooked within the context of FIE is the likelihood that variation in physiological traits could make some individuals within species more vulnerable to capture. Specifically, traits related to energy balance (e.g., metabolic rate), swimming performance (e.g., aerobic scope), neuroendocrinology (e.g., stress responsiveness) and sensory physiology (e.g., visual acuity) are especially likely to influence vulnerability to capture through a variety of mechanisms. Selection on these traits could produce major shifts in the physiological traits within populations in response to fishing pressure that are yet to be considered but which could influence population resource requirements, resilience, species’ distributions and responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hollins
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Davide Thambithurai
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Amelie Crespel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - David M Bailey
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental Science Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Jan Lindström
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Kevin J Parsons
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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Knight K. Stressed out fish are less likely to get caught. J Exp Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.165670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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