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Bowering LR, McArley TJ, Devaux JBL, Hickey AJR, Herbert NA. Metabolic resilience of the Australasian snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus) to marine heatwaves and hypoxia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1215442. [PMID: 37528894 PMCID: PMC10387550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1215442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are under threat from a simultaneous combination of climate change stressors, including warming sea surface temperatures (SST), marine heatwave (MHW) episodes, and hypoxic events. This study sought to investigate the impacts of these stressors on the Australasian snapper (C. auratus) - a finfish species of high commercial and recreational importance, from the largest snapper fishery in Aotearoa New Zealand (SNA1). A MHW scenario was simulated from 21°C (current February SST average for north-eastern New Zealand) to a future predicted level of 25°C, with the whole-animal and mitochondrial metabolic performance of snapper in response to hypoxia and elevated temperature tested after 1-, 10-, and 30-days of thermal challenge. It was hypothesised that key indicators of snapper metabolic performance would decline after 1-day of MHW stress, but that partial recovery might arise as result of thermal plasticity after chronic (e.g., 30-day) exposures. In contrast to this hypothesis, snapper performance remained high throughout the MHW: 1) Aerobic metabolic scope increased after 1-day of 25°C exposure and remained high. 2) Hypoxia tolerance, measured as the critical O2 pressure and O2 pressure where loss of equilibrium occurred, declined after 1-day of warm-acclimation, but recovered quickly with no observable difference from the 21°C control following 30-days at 25°C. 3) The performance of snapper mitochondria was also maintained, with oxidative phosphorylation respiration and proton leak flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane of the heart remaining mostly unaffected. Collectively, the results suggest that heart mitochondria displayed resilience, or plasticity, in snapper chronically exposed to 25°C. Therefore, contrary to the notion of climate change having adverse metabolic effects, future temperatures approaching 25°C may be tolerated by C. auratus in Northern New Zealand. Even in conjunction with supplementary hypoxia, 25°C appears to represent a metabolically optimal temperature for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia R. Bowering
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
| | | | - Jules B. L. Devaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Neill A. Herbert
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
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2
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McArley TJ, Morgenroth D, Zena LA, Ekström AT, Sandblom E. Normoxic limitation of maximal oxygen consumption rate, aerobic scope and cardiac performance in exhaustively exercised rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271087. [PMID: 34323276 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In fish, maximum O2 consumption rate (ṀO2,max) and aerobic scope can be expanded following exhaustive exercise in hyperoxia; however, the mechanisms explaining this are yet to be identified. Here, in exhaustively exercised rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we assessed the influence of hyperoxia on ṀO2,max, aerobic scope, cardiac function and blood parameters to address this knowledge gap. Relative to normoxia, ṀO2,max was 33% higher under hyperoxia, and this drove a similar increase in aerobic scope. Cardiac output was significantly elevated under hyperoxia at ṀO2,max because of increased stroke volume, indicating that hyperoxia released a constraint on cardiac contractility apparent with normoxia. Thus, hyperoxia improved maximal cardiac performance, thereby enhancing tissue O2 delivery and allowing a higher ṀO2,max. Venous blood O2 partial pressure (PvO2) was elevated in hyperoxia at ṀO2,max, suggesting a contribution of improved luminal O2 supply in enhanced cardiac contractility. Additionally, despite reduced haemoglobin and higher PvO2, hyperoxia treated fish retained a higher arterio-venous O2 content difference at ṀO2,max. This may have been possible because of hyperoxia offsetting declines in arterial oxygenation that are known to occur following exhaustive exercise in normoxia. If this occurs, increased contractility at ṀO2,max with hyperoxia may also relate to an improved O2 supply to the compact myocardium via the coronary artery. Our findings show ṀO2,max and aerobic scope may be limited in normoxia following exhaustive exercise as a result of constrained maximal cardiac performance and highlight the need to further examine whether or not exhaustive exercise protocols are suitable for eliciting ṀO2,max and estimating aerobic scope in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J McArley
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Morgenroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lucas A Zena
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas T Ekström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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McKenzie DJ, Zhang Y, Eliason EJ, Schulte PM, Claireaux G, Blasco FR, Nati JJH, Farrell AP. Intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1536-1555. [PMID: 33216368 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in key traits such as tolerance of warming can have profound effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, notably responses to climate change. The empirical evidence for three primary elements of intraspecific variation in tolerance of warming in fishes is reviewed. The first is purely mechanistic that tolerance varies across life stages and as fishes become mature. The limited evidence indicates strongly that this is the case, possibly because of universal physiological principles. The second is intraspecific variation that is because of phenotypic plasticity, also a mechanistic phenomenon that buffers individuals' sensitivity to negative impacts of global warming in their lifetime, or to some extent through epigenetic effects over successive generations. Although the evidence for plasticity in tolerance to warming is extensive, more work is required to understand underlying mechanisms and to reveal whether there are general patterns. The third element is intraspecific variation based on heritable genetic differences in tolerance, which underlies local adaptation and may define long-term adaptability of a species in the face of ongoing global change. There is clear evidence of local adaptation and some evidence of heritability of tolerance to warming, but the knowledge base is limited with detailed information for only a few model or emblematic species. There is also strong evidence of structured variation in tolerance of warming within species, which may have ecological and evolutionary significance irrespective of whether it reflects plasticity or adaptation. Although the overwhelming consensus is that having broader intraspecific variation in tolerance should reduce species vulnerability to impacts of global warming, there are no sufficient data on fishes to provide insights into particular mechanisms by which this may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McKenzie
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yangfan Zhang
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Patricia M Schulte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané, France
| | - Felipe R Blasco
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julie J H Nati
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Syafaat MN, Azra MN, Mohamad F, Che-Ismail CZ, Amin-Safwan A, Asmat-Ullah M, Syahnon M, Ghazali A, Abol-Munafi AB, Ma H, Ikhwanuddin M. Thermal Tolerance and Physiological Changes in Mud Crab, Scylla paramamosain Crablet at Different Water Temperatures. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041146. [PMID: 33923853 PMCID: PMC8073560 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The nursery phase of mud crab (Scylla spp.)—from megalopa to several, further crablet stagesneeds to be carried out in optimal environmental conditions, until they reach a larger size suitable to being stocked to a pond. This study observed the behavioral thermoregulation of crablet instar phases, and determined the effects of several levels of water temperature on growth, survival, molting cycle, gill condition, and sex ratio in the nursery phase of S. paramamosain. In this study, optimal temperature for the long-term nursery phase of S. paramamosain, beginning with megalopa stage, was found to be 28 to 30 °C, with the possibility that water temperature could affect the sex ratio of mud crabs. Findings of this study could result in increased crablet production from hatcheries, and assist in realizing potential of monosex seed production of S. paramamosain, through temperature treatment. Abstract This study was carried out to determine the physiological changes (survival, growth, molting cycle, sex differentiation, and gill condition) of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain crablet at different water temperatures of 24, 28 and 32 °C, and ambient temperature of 27 to 30 °C. Thermoregulatory behavior, represented by preferred temperature (29.83 ± SD 2.47 °C), critical thermal minimum (17.33 ± SD 0.58 °C), critical thermal maximum (40 ± SD 0.00 °C), and thermal tolerance interval (22.67 ± SD 0.58 °C), were checked for Crablet 1 stage only (with ambient temperature as acclimation temperature).Both low (24 °C) and high (32 °C) temperatures were associated with lower growth performance, and survival rate (p < 0.05), in comparison with both 28 °C and ambient temperature treatments.Male ratio at low temperaturetreatment (24 °C) was higher (80.09 ± SD 18.86%) than for other treatments (p < 0.05), observed as 44.81 ± D 10.50%, 41.94 ± SD 19.44%, and 76.30 ± SD 5.13% for 28 °C, 32 °C and ambient temperature treatments, respectively. However, there was no significant difference observed between 24 °C, 28 °C, and ambient temperature treatments. Anatomical alterations of gill lamellae of S. paramamosain crablet for both 32 °C, and 24 °C treatments, appeared thinner and paler than at both 28 °C, and ambient temperature treatments. Based on this study, temperature of 28 to 30 °C was recommended as the optimal temperature for the long-term nursery phase of S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nur Syafaat
- Research Institute for Brackishwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, Indonesia;
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Mohamad Nor Azra
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Faridah Mohamad
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia;
| | - Che Zulkifli Che-Ismail
- Crustacean Aquaculture Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Pulau Sayak, Kota Kuala Muda 08500, Kedah, Malaysia;
| | - Adnan Amin-Safwan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Mohammad Asmat-Ullah
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Mohammad Syahnon
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Azmie Ghazali
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
| | - Hongyu Ma
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Malaysia; (M.N.A.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.-U.); (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.B.A.-M.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
- Correspondence:
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Lefevre S, Wang T, McKenzie DJ. The role of mechanistic physiology in investigating impacts of global warming on fishes. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb238840. [PMID: 33627469 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Warming of aquatic environments as a result of climate change is already having measurable impacts on fishes, manifested as changes in phenology, range shifts and reductions in body size. Understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying these seemingly universal patterns is crucial if we are to reliably predict the fate of fish populations with future warming. This includes an understanding of mechanisms for acute thermal tolerance, as extreme heatwaves may be a major driver of observed effects. The hypothesis of gill oxygen limitation (GOL) is claimed to explain asymptotic fish growth, and why some fish species are decreasing in size with warming; but its underlying assumptions conflict with established knowledge and direct mechanistic evidence is lacking. The hypothesis of oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) has stimulated a wave of research into the role of oxygen supply capacity and thermal performance curves for aerobic scope, but results vary greatly between species, indicating that it is unlikely to be a universal mechanism. As thermal performance curves remain important for incorporating physiological tolerance into models, we discuss potentially fruitful alternatives to aerobic scope, notably specific dynamic action and growth rate. We consider the limitations of estimating acute thermal tolerance by a single rapid measure whose mechanism of action is not known. We emphasise the continued importance of experimental physiology, particularly in advancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms, but also the challenge of making this knowledge relevant to the more complex reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjannie Lefevre
- Section for Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David J McKenzie
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
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6
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Liu Y, Li L, Qi H, Que H, Wang W, Zhang G. Regulation Between HSF1 Isoforms and HSPs Contributes to the Variation in Thermal Tolerance Between Two Oyster Congeners. Front Genet 2020; 11:581725. [PMID: 33193707 PMCID: PMC7652795 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.581725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) plays an important role in regulating heat shock, which can activate heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs can protect organisms from thermal stress. Oysters in the intertidal zone can tolerate thermal stress. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas gigas) and Fujian oyster (C. gigas angulata)—allopatric subspecies with distinct thermal tolerances—make good study specimens for analyzing and comparing thermal stress regulation. We cloned and compared HSF1 isoforms, which is highly expressed under heat shock conditions in the two subspecies. The results revealed that two isoforms (HSF1a and HSF1d) respond to heat shock in both Pacific and Fujian oysters, and different heat shock conditions led to various combinations of isoforms. Subcellular localization showed that isoforms gathered in the nucleus when exposed to heat shock. The co-immunoprecipitation revealed that HSF1d can be a dimer. In addition, we selected HSPs that are expressed under the heat shock response, according to the RNA-seq and proteomic analyses. For the HSPs, we analyzed the coding part and the promoter sequences. The result showed that the domains of HSPs are conserved in two subspecies, but the promoters are significantly different. The Dual-Luciferase assay showed that the induced expression isoform HSF1d had the highest activity in C. gigas gigas, while the constitutively-expressed HSF1a was most active in C. gigas angulata. In addition, variation in the level of HSP promoters appeared to be correlated with gene expression. We argue that this gene is regulated based on the different expression levels between the two subspecies’ responses to heat shock. In summary, various stress conditions can yield different HSF1 isoforms and respond to heat shock in both oyster subspecies. Differences in how the isoforms and promoter are activated may contribute to their differential expressions. Overall, the results comparing C. gigas gigas and C. gigas angulata suggest that these isoforms have a regulatory relationship under heat shock, providing valuable information on the thermal tolerance mechanism in these commercially important oyster species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
| | - Haigang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China
| | - Huayong Que
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, China
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7
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Opinion AGR, De Boeck G, Rodgers EM. Synergism between elevated temperature and nitrate: Impact on aerobic capacity of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus in warm, eutrophic waters. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 226:105563. [PMID: 32673887 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming and nitrate pollution are pervasive aquatic stressors that endanger the persistence of fishes prevailing in anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Individually, elevated nitrate and temperature can influence fish energy homeostasis by increasing maintenance costs and impairing oxygen transport capacity. However, it remains unknown how fish respond to simultaneous exposure to elevated temperature and nitrate pollution. Hence, we examined the combined effects of nitrate and elevated temperatures on aerobic scope (AS, maximum-standard metabolic rates) and cardiorespiratory attributes (haemoglobin HB, haematocrit HCT, relative ventricle mass RVM, and somatic spleen index SSI) in a freshwater salmonid, Thymallus thymallus. A 3 × 2 factorial design was used, where fish were exposed to one of three ecologically relevant levels of nitrate (0, 50, or 200 mg NO3- l-1) and one of two temperatures (18 °C or 22 °C) for 6 weeks. Elevated temperature increased AS by 36 % and the improvement was stronger when coupled with nitrate exposure, indicating a positive synergistic interaction. HB was reduced by nitrate exposure, while HCT was independent of nitrate pollution and temperature. Stressor exposure induced remodeling of key elements of the cardiorespiratory system. RVM was 39 % higher in fish exposed to 22 °C compared to 18 °C but was independent of nitrate exposure. SSI was independent of temperature but was 85 % and 57 % higher in fish exposed to 50 and 200 mg NO3- l-1, respectively. Taken together, these results highlight that simultaneous exposure to elevated temperatures and nitrate pollution offers cross-tolerance benefits, which may be underscored by cardiorespiratory remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Grace R Opinion
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Essie M Rodgers
- University of Antwerp, Department of Biology, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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8
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Bouyoucos IA, Morrison PR, Weideli OC, Jacquesson E, Planes S, Simpfendorfer CA, Brauner CJ, Rummer JL. Thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance are associated in blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) neonates. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/14/jeb221937. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.221937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Thermal dependence of growth and metabolism can influence thermal preference and tolerance in marine ectotherms, including threatened and data-deficient species. Here, we quantified the thermal dependence of physiological performance in neonates of a tropical shark species (blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus) from shallow, nearshore habitats. We measured minimum and maximum oxygen uptake rates (ṀO2), calculated aerobic scope, excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and recovery from exercise, and measured critical thermal maxima (CTmax), thermal safety margins, hypoxia tolerance, specific growth rates, body condition and food conversion efficiencies at two ecologically relevant acclimation temperatures (28 and 31°C). Owing to high post-exercise mortality, a third acclimation temperature (33°C) was not investigated further. Acclimation temperature did not affect ṀO2 or growth, but CTmax and hypoxia tolerance were greatest at 31°C and positively associated. We also quantified in vitro temperature (25, 30 and 35°C) and pH effects on haemoglobin–oxygen (Hb–O2) affinity of wild-caught, non-acclimated sharks. As expected, Hb–O2 affinity decreased with increasing temperatures, but pH effects observed at 30°C were absent at 25 and 35°C. Finally, we logged body temperatures of free-ranging sharks and determined that C. melanopterus neonates avoided 31°C in situ. We conclude that C. melanopterus neonates demonstrate minimal thermal dependence of whole-organism physiological performance across a seasonal temperature range and may use behaviour to avoid unfavourable environmental temperatures. The association between thermal tolerance and hypoxia tolerance suggests a common mechanism warranting further investigation. Future research should explore the consequences of ocean warming, especially in nearshore, tropical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Bouyoucos
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Phillip R. Morrison
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ornella C. Weideli
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Eva Jacquesson
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence ‘CORAIL’, EPHE, PSL Research University, UPVD, CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Colin J. Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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McArley TJ, Hickey AJR, Herbert NA. Acute high temperature exposure impairs hypoxia tolerance in an intertidal fish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231091. [PMID: 32240240 PMCID: PMC7117701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute heat shock has previously been shown to improve subsequent low O2 (hypoxia) tolerance in an intertidal fish species, a process known as cross-tolerance, but it is not known whether this is a widespread phenomenon. This study examined whether a rock pool specialist, the triplefin fish Bellapiscis medius, exhibits heat shock induced cross-tolerance to hypoxia, i.e., longer time to loss of equilibrium (LOE) and lower critical O2 saturation (Scrit) after recovering from an acute heat challenge. Non-heat shock controls had a median time to loss of equilibrium (LOE50) of 54.4 min under severe hypoxia (7% of air saturation) and a Scrit of 15.8% air saturation. Contrary to expectations, however, treatments that received an 8 or 10°C heat shock showed a significantly shorter LOE50 in hypoxia (+8°C = 41.5 min; +10°C = 28.7 min) and no significant change in Scrit (+8°C = 17.0% air saturation; +10°C = 18.3% of air saturation). Thus, there was no evidence of heat shock induced cross-tolerance to hypoxia in B. medius because exposure to acute heat shock impaired hypoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J. McArley
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Neill A. Herbert
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
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Jerde CL, Kraskura K, Eliason EJ, Csik SR, Stier AC, Taper ML. Strong Evidence for an Intraspecific Metabolic Scaling Coefficient Near 0.89 in Fish. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1166. [PMID: 31616308 PMCID: PMC6763608 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an example of applying the evidential approach to statistical inference, we address one of the longest standing controversies in ecology, the evidence for, or against, a universal metabolic scaling relationship between metabolic rate and body mass. Using fish as our study taxa, we curated 25 studies with measurements of standard metabolic rate, temperature, and mass, with 55 independent trials and across 16 fish species and confronted this data with flexible random effects models. To quantify the body mass - metabolic rate relationship, we perform model selection using the Schwarz Information Criteria (ΔSIC), an established evidence function. Further, we formulate and justify the use of ΔSIC intervals to delineate the values of the metabolic scaling relationship that should be retained for further consideration. We found strong evidence for a metabolic scaling coefficient of 0.89 with a ΔSIC interval spanning 0.82 to 0.99, implying that mechanistically derived coefficients of 0.67, 0.75, and 1, are not supported by the data. Model selection supports the use of a random intercepts and random slopes by species, consistent with the idea that other factors, such as taxonomy or ecological or lifestyle characteristics, may be critical for discerning the underlying process giving rise to the data. The evidentialist framework applied here, allows for further refinement given additional data and more complex models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Jerde
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Krista Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Erika J. Eliason
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Samantha R. Csik
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Adrian C. Stier
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Mark L. Taper
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Intertidal triplefin fishes have a lower critical oxygen tension (Pcrit), higher maximal aerobic capacity, and higher tissue glycogen stores than their subtidal counterparts. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:399-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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McArley TJ, Hickey AJR, Herbert NA. Hyperoxia increases maximum oxygen consumption and aerobic scope of intertidal fish facing acutely high temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.189993. [PMID: 30254026 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.189993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Daytime low tides that lead to high-temperature events in stranded rock pools often co-occur with algae-mediated hyperoxia as a result of strong solar radiation. Recent evidence shows aerobic metabolic scope (MS) can be expanded under hyperoxia in fish but so far this possibility has not been examined in intertidal species despite being an ecologically relevant scenario. Furthermore, it is unknown whether hyperoxia increases the upper thermal tolerance limits of intertidal fish and, therefore, their ability to withstand extreme high-temperature events. Therefore, we measured the metabolic response (mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption, Ṁ O2 ) to thermal ramping (21-29°C) and the upper thermal tolerance limit (U TL) of two intertidal triplefin fishes (Bellapiscis medius and Forsterygion lapillum) under hyperoxia and normoxia. Hyperoxia increased maximal oxygen consumption (Ṁ O2,max) and MS of each species at ambient temperature (21°C) but also after thermal ramping to elevated temperatures such as those observed in rock pools (29°C). While hyperoxia did not provide a biologically meaningful increase in upper thermal tolerance of either species (>31°C under all conditions), the observed expansion of MS at 29°C under hyperoxia could potentially benefit the aerobic performance, and hence the growth and feeding potential, etc., of intertidal fish at non-critical temperatures. That hyperoxia does not increase upper thermal tolerance in a meaningful way is cause for concern as climate change is expected to drive more extreme rock pool temperatures in the future and this could present a major challenge for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J McArley
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J R Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Thomas Building, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Neill A Herbert
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
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Talbot WA, Gerson AR, Smith EK, McKechnie AE, Wolf BO. Avian thermoregulation in the heat: metabolism, evaporative cooling and gular flutter in two small owls. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:221/12/jeb171108. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.171108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The thermoregulatory responses of owls to heat stress have been the subject of few studies. Although nocturnality buffers desert-dwelling owls from significant heat stress during activity, roost sites in tree and cactus cavities or in deep shade provide only limited refuge from high environmental temperatures during the day. We measured thermoregulatory responses to acute heat stress in two species of small owls, the elf owl (Micrathene whitneyi) and the western screech-owl (Megascops kennicottii), which occupy the Sonoran Desert of southwestern North America, an area of extreme heat and aridity. We exposed wild-caught birds to progressively increasing air temperatures (Ta) and measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), evaporative water loss (EWL), body temperature (Tb) and heat tolerance limits (HTL; the maximum Ta reached). Comparatively low RMR values were observed in both species, Tb approximated Ta at 40°C and mild hyperthermia occurred as Ta was increased toward the HTL. Elf owls and screech-owls reached HTLs of 48 and 52°C, respectively, and RMR increased to 1.5 and 1.9 times thermoneutral values. Rates of EWL at the HTL allowed for the dissipation of 167–198% of metabolic heat production (MHP). Gular flutter was used as the primary means of evaporative heat dissipation and produced large increases in evaporative heat loss (44–100%), accompanied by only small increases (<5%) in RMR. These small, cavity-nesting owls have thermoregulatory capacities that are intermediate between those of the open-ground nesting nightjars and the passerines that occupy the same ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Talbot
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | | | - Eric Krabbe Smith
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Andrew E. McKechnie
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Blair O. Wolf
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03-2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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